Готові списки джерел за темами / Integer PPP

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Integer PPP"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Integer PPP"

1

Yang, Songfeng, Qiyuan Zhang, Xi Zhang, and Donglie Liu. "Impact of GPS/BDS Satellite Attitude Quaternions on Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 3035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13153035.

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Анотація:
Precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) based on multiple global navigation satellite system (multi-GNSS) constellations is an important high-precision positioning tool. However, some unmodeled satellite and receiver biases (such as errors in satellite attitude) make it difficult to fix carrier-phase ambiguities. In order to fix ambiguities of eclipsing satellites, accurate integer clock and satellite attitude products (i.e., attitude quaternion) have been provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS). Nevertheless, the quality of these products and their positioning performance in multi-GNSS PPP-AR have not been investigated yet. Using the PRIDE PPP-AR II software associated with the corresponding rapid satellite orbit, integer clock and attitude quaternion products of Wuhan University (WUM), we carried out GPS/BDS PPP-AR using 30 days of data in an eclipsing season of 2020. We found that about 75% of GPS, 60% of BDS-2 and 57% of BDS-3 narrow-lane ambiguity residuals after integer clock corrections fall within ±0.1 cycles in the case of using nominal attitudes. However, when using attitude quaternions, these percentages will rise to 80% for GPS, 70% for BDS-2 and 60% for BDS-3. GPS/BDS daily kinematic PPP-AR after integer clock and nominal attitude corrections can usually achieve a positioning precision of about 10, 10 and 30 mm for the east, north and up components, respectively. In contrast, the counterparts are 8, 8 and 20 mm when using attitude quaternions. Compared with the case of using attitude quaternions only at the network end for the integer clock estimation, using attitude quaternions only at the user end shows a pronounced improvement of 15% in the east component and less than 10% in the north and up components. Therefore, we suggest PPP users apply integer clock and satellite attitude quaternion products to realize more efficient ambiguity fixing, especially in satellite eclipsing seasons.
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2

Povalyaev, A. A., A. A. Baburin, and A. A. Podkorytov. "The Use of the Lattice Packing Theory for Precise Point Positioning with Ionosphere-Free Measurements in CDMA GNSS." Rocket-space device engineering and information systems 8, no. 2 (2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30894/issn2409-0239.2021.8.2.51.61.

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The paper considers the use of the lattice packing theory for Integer Precise Point Positioning (Integer PPP) with the errors usually not exceeding 1–3 cm based on GNSS signals with code division multiple access (CDMA). Positioning is carried out by processing ionosphere-free linear combinations of code and phase measurements with ambiguity resolution employing satellite corrections. The main issue of PPP algorithms is overcoming the rank deficiency problem of the linear equation system obtained by linearization of nonlinear mathematical models of measurements. Nowadays Float PPP is quite well developed, where rank deficiency is tackled by combining systematic biases in measurement models with integer carrier phase ambiguities. As a result, the number of unknowns is reduced to the rank of design matrix, which allows unambiguous estimation of precise user coordinates and values of new variables generated by the performed combinations. However, under such conditions the information about integer nature of carrier phase ambiguities is lost, and this leads to a significant increase in convergence time to obtain user coordinates estimates with the errors of 1–3 cm. It is possible to involve the information on the integer nature of phase ambiguities into processing by applying ambiguity resolution algorithms. Though, as a result of the conducted combinations, the integer nature is destroyed, which makes it impossible to apply these algorithms. In Integer PPP rank deficiency is overcome by projecting the state space of the initial linear equation system onto a so-called S-space, whose dimension is equal to the rank of this system. The orientation of the S-space and the direction of projecting are chosen so that the variables of the initial system corresponding to user coordinates are not changed during the projecting and the projections of integer variables remain integer. This makes it possible to estimate precise user coordinates involving information on the integer nature of phase ambiguities. In the literature on Integer PPP based on CDMA GNSS signals processing the description of the S-space orientation with the desired properties is given, but there is no description of the method to determine this orientation. This paper based on the notions of the lattice packing theory considers an algorithm for determining the S-space with the desired properties. It is shown that there exists an infinite set of such S-spaces connected by unimodular transformations, and a technique is proposed to enable selection from this set the S-space, which requires minimal computational cost. The use of the lattice packing theory to the Integer PPP network solution with CDMA GNSS signals will be considered in the following publication of the authors.
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3

Li, Xingxing, and Xiaohong Zhang. "Improving the Estimation of Uncalibrated Fractional Phase Offsets for PPP Ambiguity Resolution." Journal of Navigation 65, no. 3 (March 23, 2012): 513–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463312000112.

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Integer ambiguity resolution in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) can shorten convergence time and improve accuracy significantly. Uncalibrated Fractional Offsets (UFOs) originating in the satellites destroy the integer nature of carrier phase ambiguities observed at a single station. Several methods have been developed to estimate UFO information from a reference network for PPP ambiguity resolution. In this paper, we present a new approach for estimating Zero-Differenced (ZD) UFOs via float ZD ambiguities from a reference network. In this new approach, UFOs for receivers and satellites are estimated in an integrated adjustment with integer ambiguities being resolved sequentially, so that UFOs of higher quality can be achieved. The float ZD ambiguities used in the estimation can be from network or PPP solutions. Using those from PPP solutions enables the time-consuming clock estimations and the UFO estimations to be carried out separately, so that UFOs can be estimated more reliably from a much denser network. In this paper, a data processing procedure, from the estimation of UFOs through to PPP ambiguity fixing, is designed and proposed. The approach is validated with several data sets in various scenarios. The results show that satellite UFOs can be estimated precisely and reliably by using the observations from a reference network, in which the station spacing could be up to thousands of kilometres. With 30 minutes of observations, a PPP solution with fixed integer ambiguities is achievable and the positioning accuracy can be improved significantly when compared with its float solution.
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4

Huang, Wei, Pascale Defraigne, Giovanna Signorile, and Ilaria Sesia. "Improved Multi-GNSS PPP Software for Upgrading the DEMETRA Project Time Monitoring Service." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204389.

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The H2020 DEMETRA project provides short latency clock monitoring services to the time users using the Atomium precise point positioning (PPP) software developed by the Royal Observatory of Belgium. In this paper, three recent updates of the current Atomium software are introduced: adding Galileo signals in the PPP computation; the option to constrain the receiver clock; PPP with integer ambiguity resolution. The advantages of these updates are demonstrated: Combining the Galileo and global positioning system (GPS) signals for PPP time transfer will further improve the frequency stability inside the computation batch; PPP with receiver clock constraint is not only used to reduce the short-term noise of the clock measurements but can also be used for some specific applications to a keep continuous clock solution in the computation batch or retrieve correct clock measurements from extremely noisy environments; the integer PPP allows a continuous clock solution, and improves the mid-term and long-term stability of the frequency transfer compared to the current PPP frequency transfer techniques.
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5

Li, Xu, Flechtner, Förste, Lu, and He. "Improving the Performance of Multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Ambiguity Fixing for Airborne Kinematic Positioning over Antarctica." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080992.

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Анотація:
Conventional relative kinematic positioning is difficult to be applied in the polar region of Earth since there is a very sparse distribution of reference stations, while precise point positioning (PPP), using data of a stand-alone receiver, is recognized as a promising tool for obtaining reliable and accurate trajectories of moving platforms. However, PPP and its integer ambiguity fixing performance could be much degraded by satellite orbits and clocks of poor quality, such as those of the geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), because temporal variation of orbit errors cannot be fully absorbed by ambiguities. To overcome such problems, a network-based processing, referred to as precise orbit positioning (POP), in which the satellite clock offsets are estimated with fixed precise orbits, is implemented in this study. The POP approach is validated in comparison with PPP in terms of integer ambiguity fixing and trajectory accuracy. In a simulation test, multi-GNSS (global navigation satellite system) observations over 14 days from 136 globally distributed MGEX (the multi-GNSS Experiment) receivers are used and four of them on the coast of Antarctica are processed in kinematic mode as moving stations. The results show that POP can improve the ambiguity fixing of all system combinations and significant improvement is found in the solution with BDS, since its large orbit errors are reduced in an integrated adjustment with satellite clock offsets. The four-system GPS+GLONASS+Galileo+BDS (GREC) fixed solution enables the highest 3D position accuracy of about 3.0 cm compared to 4.3 cm of the GPS-only solution. Through a real flight experiment over Antarctica, it is also confirmed that POP ambiguity fixing performs better and thus can considerably speed up (re-)convergence and reduce most of the fluctuations in PPP solutions, since the continuous tracking time is short compared to that in other regions.
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6

Zhang, Baocheng, Yunbin Yuan, and Yanju Chai. "QIF-based GPS Long-baseline Ambiguity Resolution with the Aid of Atmospheric Delays Determined by PPP." Journal of Navigation 69, no. 6 (May 27, 2016): 1278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331600028x.

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Анотація:
The Global Positioning System (GPS) long-baseline set up has been widely employed to generate high-accuracy positioning, timing and atmospheric information. Bernese GPS software adopts two appropriate strategies for long-baseline Integer Ambiguity Resolution (IAR): Quasi Ionosphere-Free (QIF) and Wide-lane/Narrow-lane (WN). With the goal of reasonably shortening the time required for long-baseline IAR, we propose the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method for estimating, on a per receiver basis, the Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTDs) and the Slant Ionospheric Delays (SIDs) from zero-differenced, uncombined GPS observables. We then reformulate these PPP-derived ZTDs and SIDs into two types of atmospheric constraints with proper uncertainties that could be readily assimilated into the process of IAR with the QIF. Our numerical tests based on five independent long-baselines (>1,000 kilometres) suggest that the empirical precision of PPP-derived ZTDs (SIDs) is always better than 2 (10) centimetres. The modified QIF would be able to correctly resolve at least 98% and 88% of the wide- and narrow-lane ambiguities for all the long-baselines relying on the very simple integer rounding method. However, under the same condition, the WN can only get the correct integers of 76·6% wide-lane ambiguities and 55·2% narrow-lane ones.
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7

Ma, Hongyang, Sandra Verhagen, Dimitrios Psychas, João Francisco Galera Monico, and Haroldo Antonio Marques. "Flight-Test Evaluation of Integer Ambiguity Resolution Enabled PPP." Journal of Surveying Engineering 147, no. 3 (August 2021): 04021013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000367.

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8

Shi, Junbo, and Yang Gao. "A comparison of three PPP integer ambiguity resolution methods." GPS Solutions 18, no. 4 (October 31, 2013): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-013-0348-2.

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9

Alcay, Salih, Omer Faruk Atiz, and Sermet Ogutcu. "Comparison of RT-PPP and RT-PPP-AR Methods." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.61.

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Анотація:
The Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is an absolute positioning method which emerged as an alternative to the relative positioning method. This method is widely used in many applications in recent years. In this method the static and kinematic positioning can be performed with high accuracy by using single GNSS receiver. In the last few years, the PPP method has started to be used in real time (RT-PPP) thanks to the real-time precise products (satellite orbit and clock data) produced by different organizations like IGS, BKG, CNES, ESA, EUREF, GFZ etc. The high interest in RT-PPP has accelerated the development of this method and many software have been developed. Recently, some of the software have ability to apply integer ambiguity resolution (AR). For this purpose, in this study the positioning performance of RT-PPP method was tested using two options of PPP-WIZARD software (RT-PPP, RT-PPP-AR). Three IGS stations were chosen in different geographical regions. The real-time coordinates of the stations belong to the observation period of about 4 hours were derived simultaneously with the RT-PPP and RT-PPP-AR options in 1 second epoch interval. The results obtained are given in a comparative approach.
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10

Jokinen, Altti, Shaojun Feng, Wolfgang Schuster, Washington Ochieng, Chris Hide, Terry Moore, and Chris Hill. "GLONASS Aided GPS Ambiguity Fixed Precise Point Positioning." Journal of Navigation 66, no. 3 (March 25, 2013): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463313000052.

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Анотація:
The Precise Point Positioning (PPP) concept enables centimetre-level positioning accuracy by employing one Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. The main advantage of PPP over conventional Real Time Kinematic (cRTK) methods is that a local reference network infrastructure is not required. Only a global reference network with approximately 50 stations is needed because reference GNSS data is required for generating precise error correction products for PPP. However, the current implementation of PPP is not suitable for some applications due to the long time period (i.e. convergence time of up to 60 minutes) required to obtain an accurate position solution. This paper presents a new method to reduce the time required for initial integer ambiguity resolution and to improve position accuracy. It is based on combining GPS and GLONASS measurements to calculate the float ambiguity positioning solution initially, followed by the resolution of GPS integer ambiguities.The results show that using the GPS/GLONASS float solution can, on average, reduce the time to initial GPS ambiguity resolution by approximately 5% compared to using the GPS float solution alone. In addition, average vertical and horizontal positioning errors at the initial ambiguity resolution epoch can be reduced by approximately 17% and 4%, respectively.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Integer PPP"

1

Reußner, Nico. "Die GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung beim Precise Point Positioning (PPP)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-202164.

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Анотація:
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) ermöglicht eine präzise Positionsbestimmung mittels globaler Satellitennavigationssysteme (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) ohne die direkte Verwendung der Beobachtungsdaten von regionalen Referenzstationen. Die wesentlichste Einschränkung von PPP im Vergleich zu differenziellen Auswertetechniken (Real-Time Kinematic, RTK) ist die deutlich längere Konvergenzzeit. Voraussetzung für die Verkürzung der Konvergenzzeit ist die Festsetzung der geschätzten Mehrdeutigkeiten auf ganzzahlige Werte. Die Mehrdeutigkeitslösung verlangt ein robustes funktionales Modell und beruht auf einem zweistufigen Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsverfahren, welches frei von ionosphärischen Einflüssen 1. Ordnung ist. Die sowohl auf Code- als auch auf Phasenbeobachtungen basierende Melbourne-Wübbena-Linearkombination erlaubt hierbei eine einfache Festsetzung der Widelane-Mehrdeutigkeiten. Infolgedessen kann zur Berechnung der ionosphären-freien Linearkombination die im Vergleich zur Wellenlänge der ionosphären-freien Linearkombination deutlich größere Narrowlane-Wellenlänge verwendet werden. Zur Stabilisierung des im Normalfall lediglich auf den Beobachtungsdaten des amerikanischen Global Positioning System (GPS) beruhenden funktionalen Modells können die Beobachtungsdaten des russischen GLObal’naya NAvigatsioannaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) beitragen. Aufgrund der Technik, die GLONASS zur Identifizierung der einzelnen Satelliten einsetzt (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA), unterscheiden sich die Frequenzen der einzelnen Satelliten. Die leicht unterschiedlichen Frequenzen erschweren die Modellierung und Korrektion der instrumentell bedingten Signalverzögerungen (z. B. Fractional-Cycle Biases (FCB)). Vor diesem Hintergrund kann das konventionelle Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsverfahren nur bedingt für GLONASS verwendet werden. Die Untersuchung der instrumentell bedingten GLONASS-Signalverzögerungen sowie die Entwicklung einer alternativen Methode zur Festsetzung der GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeiten mit dem Ziel einer kombinierten GPS/GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung sind die Schwerpunkte der vorliegenden Arbeit. Die entwickelte alternative Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsstrategie baut auf der puren Widelane-Linearkombination auf, weshalb globale Ionosphärenmodelle unabdingbar sind. Sie eignet sich sowohl für GLONASS als auch für GPS und zeigt gleichwertige Ergebnisse für beide GNSS, wenngleich im Vergleich zur konventionellen Methode mit geringeren Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsquoten zu rechnen ist
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) allows for accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based positioning without the immediate need for observations collected by regional station networks. The fundamental drawback of PPP in comparison to differential techniques such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a significant increase in convergence time. Among a plurality of different measures aiming for a reduction of convergence time, fixing the estimated carrier phase ambiguities to integer values is the key technique for success. The ambiguity resolution asks for a robust functional model and rests upon a two-stage method ruling out first-order ionospheric effects. In this context the Melbourne-Wübbena linear combination of dual-frequency carrier phase and code measurements leverages a simple resolution of widelane ambiguities. As a consequence the in comparison to the wavelength of the ionosphere-free linear combination significantly longer narrowlane wavelength can be used to form the ionosphere-free linear combination. By default the applied functional model is solely based on observations of the Global Positioning System (GPS). However measurements from the GLObal’naya NAvigatsioannaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) can contribute to improve the model’s stability significantly. Due to the technique used by GLONASS to distinguish individual satellites (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA), the signals broadcast by those satellites differ in their frequencies. The resulting slightly different frequencies constitute a barricade for both modelling and correcting any device-dependent signal delays, e.g. fractional-cycle biases (FCB). These facts limit the applicability of the conventional ambiguity-fixing approach when it comes to GLONASS signals. The present work puts a focus both on investigating the device-dependent GLONASS signal delays and on developing an alternative method for fixing GLONASS ambiguities with the ultimate objective of a combined GPS/GLONASS ambiguity resolution. The alternative ambiguity resolution strategy is based on the pure widelane linear combination, for which reason ionospheric corrections are indispensable. The procedure is applicable for GLONASS in the first instance but reveals equivalent results for both GPS and GLONASS. The disadvantage relative to the conventional approach is the reduced ambiguity fixing success rate
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2

Pascolini, Laetitia Pernoo-Bécache Marianne. "Coopération inter-établissements pour la prise en charge documentaire des chercheurs de la MSH Paris-Nord l'apport du SCD Paris 8 à travers le service du PEB et le développement des collections pour les disciplines artistiques /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/ppp/ppp-pascolini.pdf.

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3

Sarakbi, Bakr. "Routage inter-domaine." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625316.

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Internet est le réseau le plus gigantesque que l'humanité ne se soit pourvu. Il fournit un nombre important de services à plus de deux milliards d'utilisateurs. Cette topologie grandissante et complexe pêche en stabilité, ce qui peut notamment être constaté quand un appel voix est interrompu, quand une page web à besoin d'être rafraîchie, etc. L'initiateur de cette instabilité est l'ensemble des événements constatés dans l'Internet. Ceci nous motive à une Étude profonde de la stabilité d'Internet afin de suggère des solutions à cette problématique. Internet est divisé en deux niveaux de base: le niveau AS (Autonomous System) et le niveau de routage. Cette distinction se répercute dans les protocoles de routage qui contrôlent le trafic Internet à travers deux types de protocoles: extérieur (inter-AS) et intérieur (intra-AS). L'unique protocole de routage extérieur utilité est le mode externe de BGP (External Border Gateway Protocol) tandis qu'il en existe plusieurs de type intérieur. De fait, la stabilisation de l'Internet est corrélée à la stabilité des protocoles de routage. Cela pousse les efforts de traitement de l'instabilité de l'Internet à Étudier le comportement du protocole de routage (BGP). Analyser les résultats des comportements de BGP dans son mode externe (eBGP) souffre d'un temps de convergence important menant notamment à des réponses lentes des évènements de topologie et, à terme, à la perte du trafic. Les études établissent également que le mode interne de BGP (iBGP) souffre de plusieurs types d'anomalies de routage causant la divergence. Afin d'illustrer la stabilité de BGP, nous avons besoin d'un modèle de routage qui formule la procédure de décision et le flot de signalisation. De plus, les améliorations de BGP ne peuvent pas être aisément validées dans l'Internet, rendant ainsi les modèles de BGP indispensables à une validation formelle. De fait, la première étape dans l'étude du routage inter-domaine est de définir un modèle approprié permettant la formulation de ses opérations et de prouver sa correction. Nous avons proposé deux modèles complémentaires: topologique et fonctionnel, avec lesquels nous avons formulé le processus de convergence du routage et démontré la sécurité et la robustesse de nos solutions d'inter/intra-AS. Notre proposition d'inter-AS élimine les déconnections transitoires causées par une faible convergence d'eBGP en suggérant une stratégie de backup lors d'une panne. Notre proposition d'intra-AS (skeleton) donne une alternative aux configurations internes existantes, pour laquelle nous avons montré l'absence d'anomalies.
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4

Rebehy, Juliana Cristina Rodrigues Criscuolo. "Parceria público-privada interfederativa, na modalidade patrocinada, de mobilidade urbana." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21499.

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This research discusses the legal basis of an Urban Mobility Inter-federative Public-Private Partnership (PPP), provided with a viability gap payment by the Public Administration. The aim of this work is to further the identification in the Brazilian legal system (i) of the rules that relate to an Inter-federative PPP, (ii) the specific characteristics of a PPP provided with a viability gap payment by the Public Administration, (iii) the competent authority to tender, regulate and inspect Inter-federative PPPs, (iv) the federative entities’ responsibility in Inter-federative PPP’ for the payment of the viability gap and provision of guarantees that may be presented to the Private Partner, and (v) the peculiar requirements for urban mobility projects. In order to achieve such goal, this work investigates (i) the contours of the constitutional competencies of the federation entities, especially with regard to the ownership of services of regional interest within a metropolitan region and urban agglomeration, (ii) the rules regulating inter-federative governance and the PPP, with a viability gap, (iii) the creation of an intergovernmental entity to enable the provision of public services of regional interest within a metropolitan region or urban agglomeration, (iv) the specific requirements of urban mobility projects and (v) identification of the Interfederative PPP’s peculiarities. In order to meet its goals, this study applied a methodology based on current legislation and cases that have been subject to Court evaluation
Esta pesquisa versa sobre o regime jurídico da Parceria Público-Privada (PPP) Interfederativa, na modalidade patrocinada, de Mobilidade Urbana. O objetivo desse trabalho é aprofundar a identificação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro (i) das normas que regem a PPP Interfederativa, (ii) das características específicas da PPP, na modalidade patrocinada, (iii) da autoridade competente para licitar, regular e fiscalizar a PPP Interfederativa, (iv) da responsabilidade dos entes federativos na PPP Interfederativa pelo pagamento da contraprestação e aporte público e prestação de garantias a serem dadas ao Parceiro Privado, e (v) das exigências peculiares para os projetos de mobilidade urbana. Para essa finalidade, o estudo investiga (i) os contornos das competências constitucionais dos entes da federação, especialmente, no que tange à titularidade da prestação dos serviços de interesse regional no âmbito de uma região metropolitana e aglomeração urbana, (ii) as normas que disciplinam a governança interfederativa e a PPP, na modalidade patrocinada, (iii) , as formas de criação de entidade intergovernamental para viabilizar a prestação dos serviços públicos de interesse regional no âmbito de uma região metropolitana ou aglomeração urbana, (iv) as exigências específicas dos projetos de mobilidade urbana e (v) a identificação das peculiaridades da PPP Interfederativa. Para responder aos seus objetivos, traz uma metodologia pautada em legislação atual e casos concretos analisados pelo Poder Judiciário
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5

Muratov, Askar. "Intra - Organizational Purchasing Synergy : Reengineering of Periodic Price Adjustment (PPA) Process." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77237.

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Purpose: The purpose is to investigate and analyse the impact of intra-organizational purchasing synergy on periodic price adjustment (PPA) process. Specifically, paper provides a view on how  purchasing process synergy through an operational IT platform can increase process reengineering opportunities within PPA.  Methodology: So, to fulfil the purpose of the research, the in-depth case study approach is chosen as a strategy that goes along with exploratory nature of the study, aimed at gaining rich insights in the context in which the phenomenon happens. Findings: The findings emphasize the importance of global process standardization and balanced governance among regional affiliates in successful implementation of PPA process synergy. We also identify a set of specific process reengineering needs  in PPA such as company wide information sharing,  standardization of part specifications and cost bases, and joint world-wide cost reduction activity within global buyer community (BGC). Then it is observed that all these process reengineering initiatives will not be possible without solid and flexible IT infrastructure  to improve buyer productivity and support their further development.   Research limitations/implications: Primarily, this study was conducted on single in-depth case study which makes it difficult to completely generalize the findings. Next, there are many factors impacting intra-organizational pricing processes besides global synergy projects. In fact, regional and organizational contexts are of high importance, which are addressed but not analysed in detail in the current study.   Practical implications: Together, the findings contribute to our understanding of the step-by-step pricing activity from industrial customer perspective and how buyers can improve cost competitiveness through various tangible and commercial part cost reduction activities.   Originality/value: Current study has addressed the pricing process from industrial customer perspective. It has two main theoretical contributions: (1) Detailed step-by-step description of PPA process between OEMs and their suppliers happening after SOP; and (2) groundwork for implementation guidance on intra-organizational price revision process synergy.
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6

Parpaleix, Jean. "Modelisation de la logique a injection i2l dans le procede a isolement par oxyde subilo n, application a l'optimisation des circuits." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2051.

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L'objet de cette etude est la modelisation de la logique a injection i2l dans le procede subilo n a isolement par oxyde. Cette modelisation est effectuee a l'aide des parametres unites. Ces parametres sont independant des structures et des geometries, ils permettent une modelisation aisee et rapide de la structure i2l dont le fonctionnement est pourtant complexe. Le modele ainsi obtenu est alors utilise pour discuter des methodes de mesure de gain i2l et leur validite. Il est ensuite applique a la determination et l'optimisation des geometries i2l de puissance puis a l'etude des bruits logiques et enfin, a l'etude de la faisabilite d'un diviseur i2l rapide
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7

GATIS, Igor de Andrade Lima. "Um middleware para construção de aplicações de TV digital distribuídas baseadas no Modelo P2P." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2609.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:59:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5349_1.pdf: 1338520 bytes, checksum: 967ea568492e0071544a3a6f547aed59 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
A TV Digital Interativa traz consigo uma série de mudanças que vai muito além da melhoria de qualidade em áudio e vídeo. Ela trará o aumento da diversidade e disponibilidade de conteúdo multimídia e fará com que as pessoas deixem de ser meros espectadores para se tornarem também usuários de aplicativos multimídia interativos. Estes aplicativos virão com o conteúdo multimídia e irão permitir que o usuário possa interagir ativamente com o conteúdo exibido ou até mesmo com as emissoras, pois os padrões de TV digital prevêem a existência de um canal de interação através do qual o aparelho de TV possa se comunicar numa rede de computadores, como a Internet, por exemplo. Desta forma, as aplicações de TV digital poderão acessar serviços como e-mail, Internet-banking e comércio eletrônico. No entanto, estes são serviços centralizados e não exploram a interatividade entre as pessoas. É fácil prever que, num futuro próximo, existirá demanda por aplicações que explorem a interatividade entre as pessoas. Porém, fazer com que estas aplicações se comuniquem é um verdadeiro desafio, pois o uso de servidores para intermediar mensagens está sujeito a problemas de escalabilidade, e a troca direta de mensagens é prejudicada pela heterogeneidade da rede em que o canal de interação é disponibilizado. Este trabalho propõe um Middleware para este tipo de aplicação distribuída. O Middleware proposto foi baseado no modelo de comunicação peer-to-peer, pois, após a análise dos requisitos deste tipo de software distribuído, verificou-se que este modelo é o que melhor se adequa. O mesmo foi construído sobre a plataforma JXTA, que resolve os problemas de infra-estrutura da rede, compreendendo um serviço avançado de busca e um mecanismo de invocação remota de método, semelhante à tecnologia Java RMI
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8

Bandyopadhyay, Amrita. "Analysis of the Arabidopsis Polyadenylation Factors PAP1, CstF64 and CstF77 and their characteristic inter-relationship." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/601.

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3’-end modification by polyadenylation is a ubiquitous feature of almost all eukaryotic mRNA species and is catalyzed by a consortium of enzymes, the polyadenylation factors. Poly(A) polymerase (PAP), the enzyme catalyzing the addition of adenosine residues during the polyadenylation stage, exists in four isoforms within Arabidopsis. In silico and yeast two-hybrid studies showed that PAP1 has unique expression and interaction pattern in Arabidopsis, suggesting non-canonical functions of PAP1. Its exclusive interaction with PAP4 has not been reported in other living systems until now and hints at a difference in polyadenylation in plants with respect to mammals and yeast. Cleavage Stimulation Factor (CstF), a heterotrimeric complex of the polyadenylation factors CstF50, CstF64 and CstF77, plays a role largely in cleavage of pre-mRNA. This study highlights some aspects of the Arabidopsis homologs of CstF64 and CstF77, central to various cellular processes other than nuclear polyadenylation. In silico studies showed an elevated expression of CstF64 in the pollen while that of CstF77 remained fairly low. Yeast two-hybrid assays indicated a novel kind of interaction of CstF64 with Fip1(V). It is also speculated from sub-cellular localization techniques by agroinfiltration in tobacco leaves that CstF64 localizes in the cytoplasm and CstF77 in the nucleus, as found for the orthologs of CstF77 in other systems.
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HANNA, THERY ANNE, and Walid Hanna. "Interet du psa dans les carcinomes prostatiques, resultats d'une etude couplee avec les pap chez 49 patients traites au centre oscar lambret entre 1986 et 1988." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M315.

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10

Dieterich, Danielle May. "Andy Warhol's Utilization of inter/VIEW Magazine as a Self Promotional Marketing Tool Updated to a Social Media Strategy For Artists in Today's Technological Age." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1452949628.

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Книги з теми "Integer PPP"

1

Dalí, Salvador. Salvador Dalí: La gare de Perpignan : Pop, op, yes-yes, pompier. Edited by Kolberg Gerhard, Faucheret Anne, Hochkirchen Britta, Cencillo Marta, Museum Ludwig, and Gesellschaft für Moderne Kunst am Museum Ludwig. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2006.

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2

Jack, Lodge, ed. Hollywood, 50 great years. London: Prion, 1989.

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3

Guus, Luijters, ed. Marilyn Monroe: Anever-ending dream. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.

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4

Marilyn Monroe: In her own words. London: Omnibus Press, 1991.

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5

Monroe, Marilyn. Marilyn Monroe: The last interview : and other conversations. Brooklyn: Melville House, 2020.

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6

Buxton, Frank. The big broadcast, 1920-1950. 2nd ed. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 1997.

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7

Messerli, Douglas. Pip Gertrude Stein Awards in Innovative Poetry in English (El-E-Phant Books/Green Integer). Green Integer, 2007.

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8

Messerli, Douglas. PIP Anthology of World Poetry of the 20th Century (Green Integer: EL-E-PHANT 2). Green Integer, 2000.

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9

Faiz, Asma. In Search of Lost Glory. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197567135.001.0001.

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This book traces the trajectory of Sindhi nationalism in its quest for lost glory. It examines the Sindhi nationalist movement through its various stages, ranging from pre-partition identity construction in pursuit of the separation of Sindh from Bombay, to the post-partition travails of a community which lost its identity and its capital as a result of the arrival of millions of migrants from India (Muhajirs) and of the actions of an over-bearing central government. Going beyond the state and its power play, the book examines the long history of Sindhi-Muhajir contestation for resources in the post-partition period. The book develops a comprehensive profile of the agency of nationalist parties in Sindh, including the Sindhudesh detour and the later fragmentation of the Jiye Sind movement, which was followed by the emergence of new parties. The author also analyzes the dual role of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) as an ethnic entrepreneur inside the province while operating as a federal party outside Sindh. The book covers nationalist contention at three levels: the struggle for power between Sindh and a dominant Centre; the inter-ethnic conflict between Sindhis and Muhajirs; and the intra-ethnic contestation between the Sindhi nationalists themselves and the PPP.
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10

Kühn, Wolfgang, and Gerd Walz. The molecular basis of ciliopathies and cyst formation. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0303.

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Abnormalities of the cilium, termed ‘ciliopathies’, are the prime suspect in the pathogenesis of renal cyst formation because the gene products of cystic disease-causing genes localize to them, or near them. However, we only partially understand how cilia maintain the geometry of kidney tubules, and how abnormal cilia lead to renal cysts, and the diverse range of diseases attributed to them. Some non-cystic diseases share pathology of the same structures. Although still incompletely understood, cilia appear to orient cells in response to extracellular cues to maintain the overall geometry of a tissue, thereby intersecting with the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway and the actin cytoskeleton. The PCP pathway controls two morphogenetic programmes, oriented cell division (OCD) and convergent extension (CE) through cell intercalation that both seem to play a critical role in cyst formation. The two-hit theory of cystogenesis, by which loss of the second normal allele causes tubular epithelial cells to form kidney cysts, has been largely borne out. Additional hits and influences may better explain the rate of cyst formation and inter-individual differences in disease progression. Ciliary defects appear to converge on overlapping signalling modules, including mammalian target of rapamycin and cAMP pathways, which can be targeted to treat human cystic kidney disease irrespective of the underlying gene mutation.
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Частини книг з теми "Integer PPP"

1

Zheng, Kang, Rengui Ruan, Xiaolin Jia, and Hua Lu. "Ambiguity Fixing for Kinematic PPP with Integer Phase Clock." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 571–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0940-2_49.

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Xu, Jun, Zhi Jiang, and Liang Chen. "Rapid PPP Integer Ambiguity Resolution Assisted with RTK Technology Based on VRS." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 219–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7759-4_20.

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Stobart, Simon, and Mike Vassileiou. "Boolean, Integer and Floating Point Types." In PHP and MySQL Manual, 45–49. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-404-3_7.

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4

Langenohl, Andreas. "Inter- und Transkulturalität." In Global Pop, 54–59. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05480-7_6.

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5

Frenz, Walter. "Kapitel 3 PPP- und Inter-state-Konstellationen." In Vergaberecht EU und national, 239–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56194-2_3.

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6

Pei, Xiao, Junping Chen, Jiexian Wang, Yize Zhang, and Haojun Li. "Application of Inter-system Hardware Delay Bias in GPS/GLONASS PPP." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 381–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29175-3_34.

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7

Zhang, Yuyu, and Shengyue Hao. "The Risk Sharing of Inter-city Railway PPP Project in China." In LISS2019, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5682-1_1.

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Huang, Yaqiong, Longping Zhang, Liang Yuan, XianCai Tian, and JunWei Zhang. "Analysis of Inter-system Bias Characteristics Between GPS/BDS and Influence on PPP." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 75–88. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2576-4_8.

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9

Chareton, Christophe, Sébastien Bardin, François Bobot, Valentin Perrelle, and Benoît Valiron. "An Automated Deductive Verification Framework for Circuit-building Quantum Programs." In Programming Languages and Systems, 148–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_6.

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AbstractWhile recent progress in quantum hardware open the door for significant speedup in certain key areas, quantum algorithms are still hard to implement right, and the validation of such quantum programs is a challenge. In this paper we propose Qbricks, a formal verification environment for circuit-building quantum programs, featuring both parametric specifications and a high degree of proof automation. We propose a logical framework based on first-order logic, and develop the main tool we rely upon for achieving the automation of proofs of quantum specification: PPS, a parametric extension of the recently developed path sum semantics. To back-up our claims, we implement and verify parametric versions of several famous and non-trivial quantum algorithms, including the quantum parts of Shor’s integer factoring, quantum phase estimation (QPE) and Grover’s search.
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10

Huang, Lican. "Constructing Large Scale Cooperative Multi-Agent Systems from Semantic P2P Networks." In Internet of Things and Inter-cooperative Computational Technologies for Collective Intelligence, 257–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34952-2_11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Integer PPP"

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Carretero, Jose Luis, Cecilia Mezzera, Pedro Navarro, Pedro Roldán, Guillermo Tobías, and Lucía Tomaino. "Testing of PPP Solution Aided with Enhanced Algorithms of Integer Ambiguity Resolution." In 32nd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2019). Institute of Navigation, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2019.17088.

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Liu, X., M. Stone, Y. Memarzadeh, M. Goode, J. Tegedor, D. Lapucha, and R. Strandli. "Integer Ambiguity Resolution Enabled RTK and PPP Solutions Using GPS and GLONASS Observations." In 29th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2016). Institute of Navigation, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2016.14790.

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Maya, D. Gallego, R. Zaid, K. Y. Kouedjin, P. Sarri, and A. Guinamard. "Tightly Coupled Integration of Inertial Data with Multi-Constellation PPP-IF with Integer Ambiguity Resolution." In 34th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2021). Institute of Navigation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2021.18023.

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4

Samuel, Vivien. "Parallel integer multiplication." In 2022 30th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pdp55904.2022.00024.

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Fu, Yanjie, Guannan Liu, Mingfei Teng, and Charu Aggarwal. "Unsupervised P2P Rental Recommendations via Integer Programming." In KDD '17: The 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3097983.3098044.

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Guruswami, Venkatesan, and Prasad Raghavendra. "A 3-query PCP over integers." In the thirty-ninth annual ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1250790.1250819.

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7

Fulu Li, Jianwei Huang, and Andrew Lippman. "A linear integer programming approach to analyze P2P media streaming." In 42nd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2008.4558688.

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Yocky, G., Y. Cai, F.-J. Decker, Y. Nosochkov, U. Wienands, and P. Raimondi. "Optimization of chromatic optics near the half integer in PEP-II." In 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.2007.4440907.

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Juan, Pau San, Pedro Alonso-Jorda, and Enrique S. Quintana-Orti. "High Performance and Energy Efficient Integer Matrix Multiplication for Deep Learning." In 2021 29th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pdp52278.2021.00027.

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Boonrakchat, Nonthakorn, Waranyu Sarapan, Ashok Paudel, Terapong Booraksa, Promphak Boonraksa, and Boonruang Marungsri. "User-Centric Optimal Blockchain-based P2P Energy Trading using Mixed Integer Optimization." In 2022 19th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecti-con54298.2022.9795649.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Integer PPP"

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Astesiano, Gastón, Carolina Lembo, Cristina Simón Morientes, and Paula Castillo Martínez. Concept Note for the PPP Talk panels on Climate Investment and Digital Transformation. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004573.

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The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) holds the PPP Americas every two years in partnership with a national or subnational government. The regional forum brings together top professionals and public and private-sector representatives from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to discuss groundbreaking topics and exchange ideas on planning, structuring, and managing public-private partnerships (PPPs). For the 2023 conference, the IDB is holding three preparatory events - the PPP Talks before the main event. During the PPP Talks, invited experts will lay the groundwork for the discussions to be held during the conference. The first PPP Talk will consist of two panels on December 1st, 2022: Climate Investment and Digital Transformation both topics are part of the thematic agenda of PPP Americas 2023. This Concept Note provides the conceptual framework of the two themes discussed during these panels. In addition, this note offers descriptions of key concepts, as well as the main opportunities and challenges that countries in Latin America and the Caribbean face in each area.
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2

Nosochkov, Yuri. TRACKING SIMULATIONS NEAR HALF-INTEGER RESONANCE AT PEP-II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813106.

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Villa Zárate, Javier, Daniel Vieitez Martínez, Carlos Mondragón, Miguel Á. Martínez, and Jaime Pérez. Selection Criteria for PPP Projects: Determinants of Value Generation in the Use of Public Resources (Value for Money). Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003615.

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The Discussion Papers PPP Americas 2021 are a series of documents written to prepare for PPP Americas tenth edition. The event is the most important forum on Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), organized every two years by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Driven by PPP Americas 2021, we gathered eight thematic groups were, with specialists, professionals, consultants, and scholars engaged directly in the preparation, identification, structuration, and management of PPP infrastructure projects in countries of the region. IDB specialists coordinated the groups to review the main hot topics on PPP projects for social and economic infrastructure, aiming to exchange experiences, debate successful cases and lessons learned. The present Discussion Paper, “Selection Criteria for PPP Projects,” collects the main conclusions and recommendations discussed by the group and intends to consolidate a knowledge exchange environment in infrastructure and PPP inside the region, offering best practices on infrastructure projects selection and value generation in the use of public resources in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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Carter, Rebecca, Stefanie Tye, and Soledad Aguilar. Planificación de la adaptación a largo plazo en América Latina y el Caribe. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004529.

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La planificación de la adaptación a largo plazo (PLP) es un elemento importante de la respuesta a los impactos del cambio climático, en particular en América Latina y el Caribe, una región que es altamente vulnerable a dichos impactos. El presente informe muestra el progreso que ha tenido la región en cuanto a la PLP, considerando los ejercicios de planificación en general y teniendo en cuenta que los instrumentos de políticas, las herramientas y los enfoques adoptan diversas formas en cada país. Por esto, el informe busca establecer un entendimiento común sobre los enfoques para la planificación de la adaptación a largo plazo y describir cómo este concepto se integra en los ejercicios de planificación estratégica de acción climática existentes. Tras una revisión de las herramientas y metodologías frecuentemente empleadas para los enfoques de PLP y un mapeo de los esfuerzos de ocho países de la región sobre este tema, el informe propone un marco de intervención y un conjunto de recomendaciones para incorporar e integrar la PLP en la planificación de la acción climática a largo plazo. En su elaboración se emplearon una combinación de métodos cualitativos, incluyendo una amplia revisión de publicaciones y documentos, entrevistas con expertos y funcionarios locales, y talleres de discusión con los países estudiados para identificar las principales barreras a la PLP y las mejores prácticas regionales.
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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Modulation of the Redox Climate and Phosphatase Signaling in a Necrotroph: an Axis for Inter- and Intra-cellular Communication that Regulates Development and Pathogenicity. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697112.bard.

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The long-term goals of our research are to understand the regulation of sclerotial development and pathogenicity in S. sclerotiorum. The focus in this project is on the elucidation of the signaling events and environmental cues that contribute to broad pathogenic success of S. sclerotiorum. In this proposal, we have taken advantage of the recent conceptual (ROS/PPs signaling) and technical (genome sequence availability and gene inactivation possibilities) developments to address the following questions, as appear in our research goals stated below, specifically concerning the involvement of REDOX signaling and protein dephosphorylation in the regulation of hyphal/sclerotial development and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum. Our stated specific objectives were to progress our understanding of the following questions: (i) Which ROS species affect S. sclerotiorum development and pathogenicity? (ii) In what manner do PPs affect S. sclerotiorum development and pathogenicity? (iii) Are PPs affected by ROS production and does PP activity affect ROS production and SMK1? (iv) How does Sclerotinia modulate the redox environment in both host and pathogen? While addressing these questions, our main findings include the identification and characterization the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family in S. sclerotiorum. Silencing of Ssnox1 indicated a central role for this enzyme in both virulence and pathogenic (sclerotial) development, while inactivation of Ssnox2 resulted in limited sclerotial development but remained fully pathogenic. Interestingly, we found a consistent correlation with Ssnox1(involved with pathogenicity) and oxalate levels. This same observation was also noted with Sssod1. Thus, fungal enzymes involved in oxidative stress tolerance,when inactivated, also exhibit reduced OA levels. We have also shown that protein phosphatases (specifically PP2A and PTP1) are involved in morphogenesis and pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum, demonstrating the regulatory role of these key proteins in the mentioned processes. While probing the redox environment and host-pathogen interactions we determined that oxalic acid is an elicitor of plant programmed cell death during S. sclerotiorum disease development and that oxalic acid suppresses host defense via manipulation of the host redox environment. During the course of this project we also contributed to the progress of understanding S. sclerotiorum function and the manipulation of this fungus by establishing an efficient gene replacement and direct hyphal transformation protocols in S. sclerotiorum. Lastly, both PIs were involved in thegenomic analysis of this necrotrophic fungal pathogen (along with Botrytis cinerea). Our results have been published in 11 papers (including joint papers and refereed reviews) and have set the basis for a continuum towards a better understanding and eventual control of this important pathogen (with implications to other fungal-host systems as well).
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Hoke, Kelly, and Julie Risien. Grounding Institutional Partnerships in Structures for Broader Impact Design: Summative Evaluation Report. Oregon State University, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1151.

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This report presents summative evaluation results for a National Science Foundation funded project entitled Grounding Institutional Partnerships in Structures for Broader Impacts Design (BID). The project represents a collaboration between five institutions: Institute for Learning Innovation, The STEM Research Center at Oregon State University, Scicenter, University of Washington-Bothell, and University of Wisconsin-Madison. BID aimed at creating an inter-institutional structure and toolkit to assist higher education institutions (HEIs) and informal science education organizations (ISEs) in developing sustainable institutional partnerships through collaboration around the design of informal STEM education-based Broader Impacts (BI) experiences. The project built upon the Portal to the Public (PoP) framework, bringing together research support professionals, STEM education professionals and Principal Investigators at HEIs with practitioners at ISEs (i.e., BID partners) to enhance BI experiences for the public by leveraging human resources through intentional coordination and partnerships. This report addresses the impact of this collective work, serves as a record of the project, and as a resource for future partnerships that support BI.
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Chen, Junping, Zach Adam, and Arie Admon. The Role of FtsH11 Protease in Chloroplast Biogenesis and Maintenance at Elevated Temperatures in Model and Crop Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699845.bard.

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specific objectives of this proposal were to: 1) determine the location, topology, and oligomerization of FtsH11 protease; 2) identify the substrate/s of FtsH11 and the downstream components involved in maintaining thermostability of chloroplasts; 3) identify new elements involved in FtsH11 protease regulatory network related to HT adaptation processes in chloroplast; 4) Study the role of FtsH11 homologs from crop species in HT tolerance. Background to the topic: HT-tolerant varieties that maintain high photosynthetic efficiency at HT, and cope better with daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations are in great need to alleviate the effect of global warming on food production. Photosynthesis is a very complex process requiring accurate coordination of many complex systems and constant adjustments to the changing environments. Proteolytic activities mediated by various proteases in chloroplast are essential part of this process and critical for maintaining normal chloroplast functions under HT. However, little is known about mechanisms that contribute to adaptation of photosynthetic processes to HT. Our study has shown that a chloroplast-targeted Arabidopsis FtsH11 protease plays an essential and specific role in maintaining thermostability of thylakoids and normal photosynthesis at moderate HT. We hypothesized that FtsH11 homologs recently identified in other plant species might have roles similarly to that of AtFtsH1. Thus, dissecting the underlying mechanisms of FtsH11 in the adaptation mechanisms in chloroplasts to HT stress and other elements involved will aid our effort to produce more agricultural products in less favorable environments. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements - Identified the chloroplast inner envelope membrane localization of FtsH11. - Revealed a specific association of FtsH11 with the a and b subunits of CPN60. - Identified the involvement of ARC6, a protein coordinates chloroplast division machineries in plants, in FtsH11 mediated HT adaptation process in chloroplast. -Reveal possible association of a polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase (cpPNPase), coded by At3G03710, with FtsH11 mediated HT adaptation process in chloroplast. - Mapped 4 additional loci in FtsH11 mediated HT adaptation network in chloroplast. - Demonstrated importance of the proteolytic activity of FtsH11 for thermotolerance, in addition to the ATPase activity. - Demonstrated a conserved role of plant FtsH11 proteases in chloroplast biogenesis and in maintaining structural and functional thermostability of chloroplast at elevated temperatures. Implications, both scientific and agricultural:Three different components interacting with FtsH11 were identified during the course of this study. At present, it is not known whether these proteins are directly involved in FtsH11mediated thermotolerance network in chloroplast and/or how these elements are interrelated. Studies aiming to connect the dot among biological functions of these networks are underway in both labs. Nevertheless, in bacteria where it was first studied, FtsH functions in heat shock response by regulating transcription level of σ32, a heat chock factor regulates HSPsexpression. FtsH also involves in control of biosynthesis of membrane components and quality control of membrane proteins etc. In plants, both Arc 6 and CPN60 identified in this study are essential in chloroplast division and developments as mutation of either one impairs chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. The facts that we have found the specific association of both α and β CPN60 with FtsH11 protein biochemically, the suppression/ enhancement of ftsh11 thermosensitive phenotype by arc6 /pnp allele genetically, implicate inter-connection of these networks via FtsH11 mediated network(s) in regulating the dynamic adaptation processes of chloroplast to temperature increases at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The conserved role of FtsH11 proteases in maintaining thermostability of chloroplast at HT demonstrated here provides a foundation for improving crop photosynthetic performance at high temperatures.
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