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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Insulation (Heat) Thermal properties"

1

Abdullaev, Azim Rasulovich, Xayotbek Mansurjon O’g’li Rafiqov, and Isroiljonova Nizomjon Qizi Zulxumor. "A Review On: Analysis Of The Properties Of Thermal Insulation Materials." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, no. 05 (May 7, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue05-06.

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Анотація:
Clothing insulation is one of the important factors of human thermal comfort assessment. Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer (i.e., the transfer of thermal energy between objects of differing temperature) between objects in thermal contact or in range of radioactive influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials. Heat flow is an inevitable consequence of contact between objects of different temperature. Thermal insulation provides a region of insulation in which thermal conduction is reduced or thermal radiation is reflected rather than absorbed by the lower-temperature body. The term thermal insulation can refer to materials used to reduce the rate of heat transfer, or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer. Heat energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, radiation or when undergoing a phase change. For the purposes of this discussion only the first three mechanisms need to be considered. The flow of heat can be delayed by addressing one or more of these mechanisms and is dependent on the physical properties of the material employed to do this. Predicting the pattern of clothing adjustment to climate change can provide important basis for thermal comfort and energy consumption analysis. To achieve reliable results, it is necessary to provide precise inputs, such as clothing thermal parameters. These values are usually presented in a standing body position and scarcely reported locally for individual body parts. Moreover, as an air gap distribution is both highly affected by a given body position and critical for clothing insulation, this needs to be taken into account.
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2

Zeng, Ling, Yan Shao, Hui Zuo, and Jia Hua Li. "Research on Heat Transfer Properties and Insulation Mechanism of FHP-Vc Inorganic Composite Silicate Insulation Board." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2791.

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Анотація:
The paper introduced the basic performance and thermal insulation mechanism of a new building thermal insulation material—FHP-Vc inorganic composite silicate heat-insulating board which is used as the thermal insulation material for exterior wall. Based on the experiments and analysis of the heat transfer performance of FHP-Vc board, it has been found that the thermal performance of FHP-Vc board meets the current design standard of building energy efficiency. At the same time, it is a new building energy-saving material which has good insulation, non-burning, reliable and economical properties.
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3

Apkaryan, A. S., and S. N. Kulkov. "Thermophysical properties of glass-ceramic material during thermal insulation of pipelines of heating mains and utilities." Perspektivnye Materialy 11 (2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2020-11-45-51.

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Анотація:
It is proposed to use porous heat-insulating glass-ceramic material (SCM) in the form of segments based on glass, plasticizer, organic additives and a gas generator for thermal insulation of pipelines of heating mains and utilities. Research on the use of SCM in pipelines was carried out according to the key methodology for studying new materials: composition, structure, properties, their changes under the influence of external factors, application. The basis for determining the effectiveness of thermal insulation materials for thermal insulation of pipes was on the physical and technical characteristics of the coolant, pipes and thermal insulation materials. During the study, heat losses and thermal resistances through the insulated surface of the supply and return pipelines of heat networks were determined when installed on the surface. When calculating the heat loss through the pipe using various heat insulators, the layer thickness was assumed to be the same value. Studies have shown that when using a shell made of granular SCM, the heat loss transmitted by thermal conductivity is 1.36 times less than that of a vermiculite shell, 2.45 times than that of mineral wool segments and 2.11 times than that of brand 500 sovelite shells. The use of products made of granular glass-ceramic material (SCM) significantly reduces heat loss and the thickness of the heat-insulating layer of pipelines, and saves fuel and energy resources.
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4

Veeraprabahar, J., G. Mohankumar, S. Senthil Kumar, and S. Sakthivel. "Development of natural coir/jute fibers hybrid composite materials for automotive thermal insulation applications." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 17 (January 2022): 155892502211363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221136379.

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Анотація:
Thermal comfort property is closely related to the concept of thermal insulation and includes protection against heat. This research paper presents an experimental study on thermal insulation properties, for natural fiber composite materials: a natural fiber (Coir/Jute) with different blend proportions of raw materials mixed with rigid polyurethane foam as a binder. The natural fiber composite materials were characterized by both thermal resistance (Thermal Insulation Value TIV) and also in terms of heat transfer (thermal conductivity). Thermal insulation values were measured according to Lee’s disk method (ASTM C177). The influence of the structure of these materials on the thermal insulating properties was analyzed. The experimental results show the thermal resistance performances of natural fiber composites based on coir/jute fiber materials, thus promoting environmentally friendly solutions.
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Crnoja, Andelko, Vladimir Kersh, Oleg Popov, and Alina Dovhulia. "Laboratory Studies of the Heat-Insulating Properties of the Panels that Made of Recycled Rubber." Key Engineering Materials 864 (September 2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.864.66.

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Анотація:
This study examines the thermal insulation properties of panels made from recycled rubber. The reasons, in addition to the use in construction, are environmental protection, sustainable development, energy conservation. The thermal conductivity coefficient λ is the main characteristic, on the basis of which a decision is made on the choice of material as a heat insulator. Materials with λ <0.2 W / (m · K) are heat-insulating. Tested 3 composition of the material of different particle size distribution. It is shown that the key parameters that determine the heat-shielding properties of a material are its density and particle size distribution. It has been confirmed that with decreasing density the insulating properties of materials are improved. Compositions consisting of small grains have the best heat-insulating properties. After samples with grains of small size, in order of deterioration, samples of grains of large size and, finally, samples of mixed particle size distribution follow. The results also showed that the amount of binder in this case is negligible (4.2-7.5%) and practically does not affect the insulating properties of the material. Abstract: This study discusses the thermal insulation properties of panels made from recycled rubber. The reasons, in addition to the use in construction, are environmental protection, sustainable development, energy conservation. The thermal conductivity coefficient λ is the main characteristic, on the basis of which a decision is made on the choice of material as a heat insulator. Materials with λ <0.2 W / (m · K) are heat-insulating. Tested 3 composition of the material of different particle size distribution. It is shown that the key parameters that determine the heat-shielding properties of a material are its density and particle size distribution. It has been confirmed that with decreasing density the insulating properties of materials are improved. Compositions consisting of small grains have the best heat-insulating properties. After samples with grains of small size, in order of deterioration, samples of grains of large size and, finally, samples of mixed particle size distribution follow. The results also showed that the amount of binder in this case is negligible (4.2-7.5%) and practically does not affect the insulating properties of the material.
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6

Zhao, Shan, Feng Lan Li, Su Yang, and Li Sha Song. "Thermal Insulation Behaviors of Rinforced Concrete Composite Wall with Inner Insulating Layer." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.395.

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Анотація:
The new reinforced concrete composite wall (RCCW) with inner insulating layer of polystyrene panel was developed to improve the durability of external thermal insulation plate on walls. The composite structure and construction method of the RCCW is briefly introduced in this paper. The thermal insulation behaviors such as conduct heat coefficient and total heat resistance of RCCW are tested by the protection chest method, the measured and calculated results of thermal insulation properties of the RCCW are compared with each other, the effect of heat-bridge resulted from connected concrete supports of specimen and bottom side concrete of specimen covering inner insulating layer on the test results is discussed.
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Petrosyan, Artashes Levoni. "The Influence of the Properties of Thermal - Insulation Materials on the Thermomoist Indicators of a Building." Key Engineering Materials 906 (January 11, 2022): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.906.125.

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Анотація:
One of the basic measures of energy efficiency in residential buildings is the reduction of heat and coolant pressure, when external structures - walls, ceilings - contain thermal insulation material, as a result of which heat and cold losses are reduced, as a result of air-and moisture permeability. Their number is largely determined by the climatic zone of the building, construction, sources of heat and cold, fuel and electricity prices in this region. In such practice, first of all, attention is paid to the problems of the optimal thickness of the thermal insulator, the installation location, since improper installation in the structure can cause water condensation, which will lead to partial wear of the structure, since the properties of reinforced-concrete layers will deteriorate. This concerns the peculiarities of carrying out thermal insulation works and their necessity both in under construction and in buildings in use. However, even in these conditions, when discussing the thermal effect of thermal insulation on structures, due attention is not paid to individual structures, especially walls, moisture problems. Consideration of insulators with more or less efficient energy and heat engineering characteristics, when it was found that there is a significant difference between their results and effects, aroused particular interest in the study of the problem. This is followed by a study of the influence of the presence of thermal insulation in the structure on the cold load required for cooling, revealed a pattern of cost changes in the case of insulating materials with more or less properties - foam.
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Bruyako, Mihail Gerasimovich, Larisa Grigorieva, and Evgeniya Viktorovna Sokoreva. "Influence of Reactive Organic Flame Retardants on Properties of Resol Phenoplast Foams." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.451.

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Анотація:
Found that Organophosphorus Compounds Reduce the Flammability of Resol Phenoplast Foams. Quality Improves Thermal Insulation Materials, the Use of such Phenolicfoam. Analysis of Using the Heat-Insulating Materialsindicates that Heat Insulation Made with Filling Phenol Foam Plastics Havinglow Heat-Conductivity and Relatively Low Cost of Raw Materials is Superior Bytheir Technical and Economic Performance to Mineral and other Polymericheat-Insulating Materials. Meanwhile, Relatively Low Strength and Smolderingpropensity of Resole Foam Phenol Plastics, as well as Excessive Fumes Duringthe Production Process of Heat-Insulating Materials on their Base, Containwider Usage of Phenol Foam Plastics in Building.
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Zhukov, Alexey, Armen Ter-Zakaryan, Ekaterina Bobrova, Igor Bessonov, Andrey Medvedev, Vitaly Mukhametzyanov, and Alexey Poserenin. "Evaluation of thermal properties of insulation systems in pitched roofs." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 02047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199102047.

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Анотація:
The article outlines the basic requirements for pitched roof insulation systems. The analysis of the properties of thermal insulation materials used in insulation systems was conducted. It is substantiated that the thermal resistance of such structures on the surface of the roof is formed taking into account the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation, thermal conductivity of wooden rafters and heat loss through the leakiness of joints and mounting devices. An assessment was made of the effect of loads of various types on the heat-insulating layer, namely: the effect of the air flow in the ventilated gap; the movement of the vapor-air mixture in the material; condensation of water vapor and penetration of drip liquid; exfiltration of air at the joints of the plates and on the surfaces of contact with the supporting structures. The expediency of using products on the basis of unstitched polyethylene foam in the construction of pitched roofs with a wooden roof system, taking into account the advantages and features of this material, as well as taking into account the possibility of creating a seamless insulating shell, is substantiated.
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Grigoryan, Artak A., Karapet A. Ter-Zakaryan, Alexander I. Panchenko, Nadezhda A. Galceva, and Vladislav I. Krashchenko. "Heat- and cooling systems." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.4.7.

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Анотація:
Introduction. The article discusses the various aspects of the use of foamed polyethylene, implemented at sports facilities in Armenia. Firstly, it is a roof insulation system. Secondly, the implementation of insulation systems to preserve the cold in the territory of open sports facilities, in particular, to preserve snow reserves in ski resorts. Additional requirements are imposed on the thermal insulation material for such structures. The material, in addition to high thermotechnical properties, must be airtight, lightweight, easy to install and maintain, durable, resistant to infection by bacteria and fungi, it is easy to tolerate temperature extremes. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a study of the properties (heat conductivity density, vapor permeability, water absorption) and application features (resistance to the effects of temperature, humidity, aggressive components contained in the air, that is, its high operational stability) of rolled non-cross-linked polyethylene foam when creating insulating sheets that protect snow from melting. Results. It was found that polyethylene foam in the insulating system maintains the stability of mechanical and thermophysical properties. Taking into account all the functional features of the implementation of insulation systems, the principles of protection and preservation (conservation) of snow cover have been developed, implemented on the mountain slopes and plateau of ski facilities. Rolls of foamed polyethylene were joined end-to-end and mechanically fixed. Conclusions. Thus, a seamless insulating coating was formed, covering the entire hillside — “thermal blanket”. The insulation system is operated during the off-season between March and September, during a period of stable positive temperatures.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Insulation (Heat) Thermal properties"

1

Kianzad, Siamak. "Measurement of Thermal Insulation properties of TBC inside the Combustion chamber." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61917.

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Анотація:
This master thesis project was performed in collaboration with Scania CV AB, Engine Materials group. The purpose with the project was to investigate different ceramic TBC (Thermal Barrier Coating) thermal insulation properties inside the combustion chamber. Experimental testing was performed with a Single-Cylinder engine with TBC deposited on selected components. A dummy-valve was developed and manufactured specifically for this test in order to enable a water cooling system and to ease the testing procedure. The dummy-valve consists of a headlock, socket, valve poppet and valve shaft. Additionally, a copper ring is mounted between the cylinder head and the valve poppet to seal the system from combustion gases. Thermocouples attached to the modified valve poppet and valve shaft measured the temperature during engine test to calculate the heat flux. The TBCs consisted of three different materials: 7-8% yttrium-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ), gadolinium zirconia and lanthanum zirconia. The 8YSZ TBC was tested as standard, but also with microstructural modifications. Modifications such as pre-induced segmented cracks, nanostructured zones and sealed porosity were used. The results indicated that the heat flux of 8YSZ-standard, 8YSZ-nano and 8YSZ-segmented cracks was in level with the steel reference. In the case of 8YSZ-sealed porosity the heat flux was measured higher than the steel reference. Since 8YSZ-standard and 8YSZ-sealed porosity are deposited with the same powder it is believed that the high heat flux is caused by radiative heat transfer. The remaining samples have had some microstructural changes during engine testing. 8YSZ-nano had undergone sintering and its nanostructured zones became fewer and almost gone after engine testing leading to less heat barrier in the top coat of the TBC. However, for 8YSZ-segmented cracks and gadolinium zirconia lower heat flux was measured due to the appearance of horizontal cracks. These cracks are believed to act as internal barriers as they are orientated perpendicular to the heat flow. During long-time (5 hour) engine tests the 8YSZ-standard exhibited the same phenomena: a decrease in heat flux due to propagation of horizontal cracks. One-dimensional heat flux was not achieved and the main reason for that was caused by heating and cooling of the shafts outer surface. However, the dummy-valve system has proven to be a quick, easy and stable to perform tests with a Single-Cylinder engine. Both water-cooling and long-time engine tests were conducted with minor issues. The dummy-valve has been further developed for future tests. Changes to the valve shaft are the most remarkable: smaller diameter to reduce heat transfer and smaller pockets to ensure better thermocouple positioning. Another issue was gas leakage from the combustion chamber through the copper ring and valve poppet joint. The copper ring will be designed with a 1 mm thick track to improve sealing, hence better attachment to the valve poppet.
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2

Frye, Elora. "Material Thermal Property Estimation of Fibrous Insulation: Heat Transfer Modeling and the Continuous Genetic Algorithm." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5433.

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Анотація:
Material thermal properties are highly sought after to better understand the performance of a material under particular conditions. As new materials are created, their physical properties will determine their performance for various applications. These properties have been estimated using many techniques including experimental testing, numerical modeling, and a combination of both. Existing methods can be time consuming, thus, a time-efficient and precise method to estimate these thermal properties was desired. A one-dimensional finite difference numerical model was developed to replicate the heat transfer through an experimental apparatus. A combination of this numerical model and the Continuous Genetic Algorithm optimization technique was used to estimate material thermal properties of fibrous insulation from test data. The focus of this work was to predict these material thermal properties for an Alumina Paper that is commonly used in aerospace applications. The background, methodology, and results are discussed.
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3

Rauchfussová, Karolína. "Studium užitných vlastností tepelně-reflexních izolací pro stavebnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295661.

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Анотація:
Presented work deals with the study progressive heat-reflecting foil thermal insulating materials and defines their thermal insulation properties. The work describes a transport mechanism of thermal energy in the structure of heat-reflecting materials, their physical properties, especially heat resistance, compared to the conventional thermal insulating materials available on Czech market. The main applications ways and installation methods of these materials (especially in low-energy and passive buildings) are also shown. The practical part is focused on asembling the measuring device HOT BOX in accordance with the valid standards, to determine the heat resistance of heat-reflecting materials. In next step the measurement of reflection of aluminum foils (an integral part of the structural arrangement heat-reflecting foil insulations) was performed.
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4

Samek, Josef. "Optimální plnění drážky s ohledem na použitou izolaci motoru a pracovního zatížení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-256525.

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5

Aghahadi, Mohammad. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation physique des transferts couplés chaleur-humidité dans un isolant bio-sourcé." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA007/document.

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Анотація:
Le caractère fortement hydrophile des isolants thermiques bio-sourcés, a montré que les modèles classiques de transfert thermique ne sont pas suffisamment adaptés pour leur caractérisation thermique. Ce travail de thèse vise à répondre à cette problématique par des approches expérimentale et théorique des transferts couplés chaleur-humidité. Dans l’approche expérimentale, un isolant thermique en feutre de fibres de lin (FFL) a été développé puis caractérisé, dans différents états hygrométriques, au moyen d’un dispositif Plan Chaud asymétrique. Des isothermes d’adsorption de l’humidité corrélés aux modèles théoriques GAB, GDW et Park permettent une caractérisation hydrique de cet isolant. Dans l’approche théorique, un modèle physique, de transfert couplé chaleur-humidité au sein de l’isolant FFL humide, est proposé. Il est résolu numériquement, en configuration 3D transitoire, par la méthode de éléments finis sous COMSOL Multiphysics et par la méthode des différences finies, en configuration 1D transitoire, sous MATLAB. La méthode de Levenberg-Marquardt couplée avec le modèle direct 1D transitoire et les températures mesurées a permis d’estimer la conductivité thermique apparente de l'échantillon étudié avec une erreur relative inférieure à 6% par rapport aux mesures expérimentales, validant ainsi les modèles théoriques
The conventional heat transfer models are not sufficiently suitable for thermal characterization of bio-sourced thermal insulating materials due to their strongly hydrophilic nature. The proposed work in this PhD thesis aims to answer this problem with experimental and theoretical approaches of coupled heat-moisture transfers. In the experimental approach, a thermal insulating material based on Flax Fiber Felt (FFF) is developed and then characterized at different hygrometric conditions with an asymmetric hot plate device. The humidity diffusion characterization of the samples is done using the GAB, GDW and Park theoretical moisture adsorption isotherm models. In the theoretical approach, a physical model of heat and mass transfer is proposed. It is solved numerically, in transient 3D configuration, by the finite element method under COMSOL Multiphysics and, in transient 1D configuration, by the finite difference method under MATLAB. The Levenberg-Marquardt method coupled with the 1D transient direct model and the measured temperatures made it possible to estimate the apparent thermal conductivity of the studied sample with a relative error of less than 6% compared to the experimental measurements, thus validating the theoretical models
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6

Cohen, Ellann. "Thermal properties of advanced aerogel insulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67795.

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Анотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76).
Buildings consume too much energy. For example, 16.6% of all the energy used in the United States goes towards just the heating and cooling of buildings. Many governments, organizations, and companies are setting very ambitious goals to reduce their energy use over the next few years. Because the time periods for these goals are much less than the average lifetime of a building, existing buildings will need to be retrofitted. There are two different types of retrofitting: shallow and deep. Shallow retrofits involve the quickest and least expensive improvements often including reducing infiltration around windows, under doors, etc and blowing more insulation into the attic. Deep retrofits are those that involve costly renovation and typically include adding insulation to the walls and replacing windows. A new, easily installable, inexpensive, and thin insulation would move insulating the walls from the deep retrofit category to the shallow retrofit category and thus would revolutionize the process of retrofitting homes to make them more energy efficient. This thesis provides an overview of a concept for a new, easily installable, inexpensive, thin aerogel-based insulation and goes into detail on how the thermal properties of the aerogel were measured and validated. The transient hot-wire method for measuring the thermal conductivity of very low thermal conductivity silica aerogel (1 0mW/m K at 1 atm) along with a correction for end effects was validated with the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Standard Reference Material 1459, fumed silica board to within 1 mW/mK. Despite the translucence of the aerogel at certain wavelengths, radiation is not an issue through the aerogel during the hot-wire test but may be an issue in actual use as an insulation. The monolithic aerogel thermal conductivity drops significantly with slightly reduced pressure (3.2 mW/m K at 0.1atm). For the final composite insulation, the new silica aerogel formula is a great choice and it is recommended to reduce the pressure around the aerogel to 1 / 1 0 th. In the future, a prototype of an insulation panel combining a 3-D truss structure, monolithic or granular silica aerogel, and reduced pressure will be constructed and tested.
by Ellann Cohen.
S.M.
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7

Lamberts, R. "Heat transfer through roofs of low cost Brazilian houses." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383003.

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8

Johnson, Wesley Louis. "Thermal performance of cryogenic multilayer insulation at various layer spacings." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4681.

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Анотація:
Multilayer insulation (MLI) has been shown to be the best performing cryogenic insulation system at high vacuum (less than 10[super]-3 torr), and is widely used on spaceflight vehicles. Over the past 50 years, many numerous investigations of MLI have yielded a general understanding of the many variables associated with MLI. MLI has been shown to be a function of variables such as warm boundary temperature, the number of reflector layers, and the spacer material in between reflectors, the interstitial gas pressure and the interstitial gas. Because conduction between reflectors increases with the thickness of the spacer material, and yet the radiation heat transfer is inversely proportional to the number of layers, it stands to reason that the thermal performance of MLI is a function of the number of layers per thickness, or layer density. Empirical equations that were derived based on some of the early tests showed that the conduction term was proportional to the layer density to a powe
ID: 029050581; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.A.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-85).
M.S.A.E.
Masters
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Aerospace Engineering
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9

Mahasaranon, Sararat. "Acoustic and thermal properties of recycled porous media." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5516.

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This thesis is concerned with developing porous materials from tyre shred residue and polyurethane binder for acoustic absorption and thermal insulation applications. The resultant materials contains a high proportion of open, interconnected cells that are able to absorb incident sound waves through viscous friction, inertia effects and thermal energy exchanges. The materials developed are also able to insulate against heat by suppressing the convection of heat and reduced conductivity of the fluid locked in the large proportion of close-cell pores. The acoustic absorption performance of a porous media is controlled by the number of open cells and pore size distribution. Therefore, this work also investigates the use of catalysts and surfactants to modify the pore structure and studies the influence of the various components in the chemical formulations used to produce these porous materials. An optimum type and amounts of catalyst are selected to obtain a high chemical conversion and a short expanding time for the bubble growth phase. The surfactant is used to reduce the surface tension and achieve a homogenous mixing between the solid particulates tyre shred residue, the water, the catalyst and the binder. It is found that all of the components significantly affect the resultant materials structure and its morphology. The results show that the catalyst has a particularly strong effect on the pore structure and the ensuing thermal and acoustical properties. In this research, the properties of the porous materials developed are characterized using standard experimental techniques and the acoustic and thermal insulation performance underpinned using theoretical models. The important observation from this research is that a new class of recycled materials with pore stratification has been developed. It is shown that the pore stratification can have a positive effect on the acoustic absorption in a broadband frequency range. The control of reaction time in the foaming process is a key function that leads to a gradual change in the pore size distribution, porosity, flow resistivity and tortuosity which vary as a function of sample depth. It is shown that the Pade approximation is a suitable model to study the acoustic behaviour of these materials. A good agreement between the measured data and the model was attained.
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10

Neugebauer, Adam (Adam Halbert). "Thermal properties of granular silica aerogel for high-performance insulation systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85213.

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Анотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Building Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-67).
Based on mounting evidence in support of anthropogenic global climate change, there is an urgency for developments in high-performance building techniques and technologies. New construction projects provide substantial opportunities for energy efficiency measures, but they represent only a small portion of the building stock. Conversely, while existing buildings are plentiful, they typically have a much narrower range of feasible energy efficiency options. Therefore, there will continue to be a need for the development of new and improved energy efficiency measures for new building construction and even more so for deep retrofits of existing buildings. This thesis provides an overview of the research performed into the on-going development at MIT of a high-performance panelized insulation system based on silica aerogel. Two test methods were used for measuring the thermal conductivity of the granules: the transient hot-wire technique and the guarded hot-plate system. Utilizing the hot-wire set-up, it was demonstrated that compressing a bed of granules will decrease the thermal conductivity of the system until a minimum point is reached around the monolithic density of the aerogel. For the Cabot granules, this was seen at 13 mW/m-K and about 150 kg/m3. The MIT granules showed equal performance to the Cabot granules at bed densities 20-30 kg/m3 lower. The hot-plate testing was able to experimentally evaluate previous analytical predictions regarding the conductivity impact of the internal panel truss and the under-prediction of radiant heat transfer in the hot-wire method. Hot-wire testing was also done in a vacuum chamber to quantify potential performance improvements at reduced air pressures. Since a vacuum would require the incorporation of a barrier film into the panel system, some analyses were done into the thermal bridging potential and gas diffusion requirements of such a film. Additionally, physical prototyping was done to explore how the film would be incorporated into the existing panel design. The aerogel-based insulation panel being developed at MIT continues to show promise, though there are still plenty of opportunities remaining in the development cycle.
by Adam Neugebauer.
S.M. in Building Technology
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Книги з теми "Insulation (Heat) Thermal properties"

1

Hughes, D. F. Insulation of farm buildings. Alnwick, Northumberland: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries andFood, 1986.

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2

Manning, Ken. Spray applied cellulose insulation for walls. [Edmonton, Alta.?]: Alberta Municipal Affairs, 1988.

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3

Jian zhu yong jue re jia xin ban jie gou: Jin shu mian he fei jin shu mian. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2011.

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Qiang ti wu mian jue re cai liao. Beijing: Hua xue gong ye chu ban she, 2008.

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5

Sparks, Larry L. Thermal conductivity of selected foams and systems from 100 to 300 K. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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6

Smith, David R. Microporous fumed-silica insulation board as a candidate Standard Reference Material of thermal resistance. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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7

Hust, J. G. Fibrous alumina-silica insulation board as a candidate Standard Reference Material of thermal resistance. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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Hust, J. G. Fibrous alumina-silica insulation board as a candidate Standard Reference Material of thermal resistance. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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9

Gibson, Lawrence. Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) research report: Exterior insulation finish systems : laboratory evaluation of materials and joints subjected to artificial conditioning, January 26, 1995. Ottawa, Ont: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 1995.

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10

Hust, J. G. Fibrous alumina-silica insulation board as a candidate Standard Reference Material of thermal resistance. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "Insulation (Heat) Thermal properties"

1

McKay, N. L., T. Timusk, and B. Farnaworth. "Optical Properties and Radiative Heat Transport in Polyester Fiber Insulation." In Thermal Conductivity 18, 393–402. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4916-7_38.

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2

Caps, R., A. Trunzer, D. Büttner, J. Fricke, and H. Reiss. "Spectral Transmission and Reflection Properties of High Temperature Insulation Materials and their Relation to Radiative Heat Flow." In Thermal Conductivity 18, 403–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4916-7_39.

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3

Fesmire, James E., Quan-Sheng Shu, and Jonathan A. Demko. "Thermal Insulation Materials and Systems." In Cryogenic Heat Management, 31–68. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003098188-3.

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4

Beck, A. E. "Thermal Properties." In Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination, 87–165. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2847-3_4.

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5

Carrington, Antony. "Thermal Properties: Specific Heat." In Handbook of Superconductivity, 324–32. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003139638-22.

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6

Howell, John R., M. Pinar Mengüç, Kyle Daun, and Robert Siegel. "Radiative Properties at Interfaces." In Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 53–94. Seventh edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Revised edition of: Thermal radiation heat transfer / John R. Howell, M. Pinar Mengüç, Robert Siegel. Sixth edition. 2015.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429327308-2.

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7

Howell, John R., M. Pinar Mengüç, Kyle Daun, and Robert Siegel. "Properties of Participating Media." In Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 389–440. Seventh edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Revised edition of: Thermal radiation heat transfer / John R. Howell, M. Pinar Mengüç, Robert Siegel. Sixth edition. 2015.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429327308-9.

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8

Shu, Quan-Sheng, James E. Fesmire, and Jonathan A. Demko. "Cryogenic Calorimeters for Testing of Thermal Insulation Materials and Systems." In Cryogenic Heat Management, 215–42. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003098188-9.

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9

Howell, John R., M. Pinar Mengüç, Kyle Daun, and Robert Siegel. "Radiative Properties of Opaque Materials." In Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 95–152. Seventh edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Revised edition of: Thermal radiation heat transfer / John R. Howell, M. Pinar Mengüç, Robert Siegel. Sixth edition. 2015.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429327308-3.

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10

Vajc, Viktor, and Martin Dostál. "Fixation of Thermocouples and Insulation for Heated Block." In Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering, 71–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_13.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Insulation (Heat) Thermal properties"

1

Pavlík, Z. "The thermal and mechanical performance of cement-based composites with enhanced thermal insulation properties." In HEAT TRANSFER 2014, edited by M. Záleská, M. Pavlíková, and R. Černý. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ht140231.

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2

Modak, Chandantaru Dey, Soubhik Kumar Bhaumik, Vandana Kumari Jha, Ajit Das, Akshay Kumar, and Surya Pratap Singh. "ENHANCED THERMAL INSULATION PROPERTIES OF CONFINED SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES." In Proceedings of the 24th National and 2nd International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and Mass Transfer Conference (IHMTC-2017). Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihmtc-2017.2840.

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3

Zhu, Qunzhi, Rui Duan, and Yongguang Li. "Measurements of Solar Optical Properties of Transparent Insulation Materials." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32360.

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Transparent insulation materials have been extensively used in building windows and solar collector covers. Glass and plastic sheets are long-established insulators while aerogel is a promising material due to its high light transmittance and low thermal conductivity. Optical properties of aerogels, glass, and plastic sheets are measured with a spectrophotometer. Solar transmittance and light transmittance are calculated from the measured optical properties in accordance with the standard spectral data. Normal-direct transmittances and normal-hemispherical transmittances of different materials are compared. Specific surface area and pore size distribution of aerogels are measured with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The correlation between the optical properties and nanoscale structure features of aerogels is investigated.
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4

Chang, Ruxia, Desong Fan, and Qiang Li. "Research on Thermal Properties of Insulator-Metal Transition at Room Temperature in Sm1-xCaxMnO3." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-3963.

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Abstract The high-purity electron-doped manganites Sm1-xCaxMnO3 nanopowder were prepared by the solid-state reaction method, then the bulk material were obtained through granulation, molding, calcining, grinding and polishing. SCMO nanoparticles with 200 nm were obtained by the sol-gal process. The phase and surface morphology of these materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope and other experiments. The variable resistivity of the bulk materials were measured by two-wire method in the temperature range of 100–420K. The thermal conductivity was measured by the Laser Flash method. The results show that different doping ratios can change the phase transition temperature of the metal-insulation state. The temperature changed from 0 to 50 °C. The TMI could be regulated to room temperature. When the temperature is high than the TMI, it performs as metal state, on the contrary, it performs as an insulating state.
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5

Parsazadeh, Mohammad, and Xili Duan. "Numerical Study of a Hybrid Thermal Insulation With Phase Change Material for Subsea Pipelines." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67563.

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Flow assurance is critical in offshore oil and gas production. Thermal insulation is an effective way to reduce heat loss from subsea pipelines and avoid the formation of hydrates or wax deposits that could block the flowlines. This paper presents a hybrid thermal insulation model with a combination of phase change material (PCM) and conventional insulating layers. The idea is to use PCM to store thermal energy with normal oil and gas production and release heat back to the fluids during a shut-in operation. Melting and solidification of the PCM layer is analyzed for different thicknesses at both working and shut-in conditions. The model is developed numerically using a Finite Volume Method (FVM) and an enthalpy porosity technique. It accounts for heat conduction with liquid-solid phase changes, as well as natural convection in the PCM. In this study, paraffin is implemented as PCM with temperature dependent properties while Aerogel is used as the conventional insulation layer. The results show that ticker PCM layer than conventional insulating layer can significantly improve thermal insulation performance, with extended cool-down time during flow line shut in.
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6

Kobus, Chris J., and J. David Schall. "Thermal Properties of a Concrete Aerogel Paste Composite." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88660.

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This paper details the design of an experiment to indirectly measure the thermal conductivity, k, of prototype samples consisting of various mixtures of aerogel and concrete for the purpose of better insulative value and lighter weight. A “hot box” apparatus was designed based on ASTM C1363. It was constructed primarily out of 2” rigid extruded polystyrene insulation and designed to force the majority of the heat generated in the enclosure through the concrete composite test samples. Several samples with well documented k values were tested to calibrate the apparatus. After calibration, three prototype aerogel composite samples were tested. The results showed that the higher the ratio of aerogel to concrete yielded a lower thermal conductivity as would be expected. The sample with no aerogel yielded a k-value of 0.0936 Btu/hrft°F, whereas a sample with 1.5 parts of aerogel-to-concrete mix yielded a 0.0488 Btu/hrftoF k-value. The average uncertainty is ± 28.8%. This is a first step in determining the feasibility of this unique composite concrete mix into new and existing construction.
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7

Cai, Qilin, and Hong Ye. "Analysis of the Optical and Thermal Properties of Transparent Insulating Materials Containing Gas Bubbles." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6523.

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Transparent insulating materials combine high visible light transmission and excellent thermal insulation, and have potential applications in solar energy utilization, building energy conservation and commercial freezers. As a medium of low absorption and low thermal conduction, introducing gas bubbles into transparent mediums such as glass and polycarbonate (PC) may improve simultaneously their light transmission and thermal insulation performances through decreasing the absorption and thermal conduction in the materials. However, gas bubbles can also enhance the scattering which is a competition to the effect of the absorption decrease. Moreover, the material design should also consider the balance between the visible light transmittance and effective thermal conductivity. Therefore, a radiative transfer model for the transparent medium containing large gas bubbles (with a diameter much larger than the wavelengths concerned) with the assumption of independent scattering and the Maxwell–Eucken thermal conduction model were adopted to calculate the transmittance, reflectance and effective thermal conductivity. Subsequently, the effects of the volume fraction of gas bubbles (fv) and bubble radius (r) were discussed, and the two balances mentioned above were analyzed. The results showed that the transmittance always decreases when fv increases with fixed r or when r decreases with fixed fv. The transmittance includes two components, named as the collimated transmittance and bulk transmittance due to the forward scattering. The collimated transmittance depends on the effects of absorption decrease and scattering increase, whereas in the weak absorption region, the effect of the scattering increase dominates, making the collimated transmittance decrease, and the decreasing rate is larger than the increasing rate of the bulk transmittance as only the forward scattering contributes to the bulk transmittance. Therefore, the transmittance decreases when fv increases with fixed r or when r decreases with fixed fv. In addition, as fv increases from 0 to 0.5, the effective thermal conductivity (ke) of the glass decreases from 1.4 to 0.58 W/(m·K), and ke of the PC decreases from 0.236 to 0.113 W/(m·K). At the same time, the transmittances of both materials at 0.55 μm can be kept larger than 50% for fv=0.5 as long as the bubble radius is larger than 0.7 mm. To elucidate the application performance, a heat transfer model of a freezer adopting glass or PC as a cover was analyzed. Although the decrease percentage of ke for glass is higher than that of PC, the effect of the energy saving is more significant for PC, as the cooling load can be saved by 9.6% when fv increases from 0 to 0.5, while the corresponding value for glass is only 2.7% because that the decreasing rate of the cooling load with ke is higher at a lower ke.
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8

Liu, F. R., K. L. Zeng, H. Wang, X. D. Zhao, X. J. Ren, and Y. G. Yu. "Numerical Investigation of the Heat Insulation Behavior of Thermal Spray Coatings by a Unit Cell Model Approach." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p0794.

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Abstract In the recent decade, considerable numerical models have been built up to simulate the thermal spray process. However, much less work has focused on the prediction of thermo-physical properties of the thermal spray coating, in particular the heat insulation properties. In this paper, a microstructure integrated finite element model is developed to investigate the heat insulation behavior of the thermal spray coating. A two-layer model is used to calculate thermal conductivity of the coating, where one layer stands for the coating by a unit cell, while another one for a standard material with known thermal conductivity. In the proposed unit cell model, pores and unmelted particles are assumed spherical and randomly distributed, and the interface between the coating and the unmelted particles is perfectly debonding. Based on the predictions, the effect of the pores, unmelted particles, cracks and their respective distributions on the heat insulation behavior of the coating has been further discussed in the paper.
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9

Vormelker, P. R., and W. L. Daugherty. "Thermal Properties of Fiberboard Overpack Materials in the 9975 Shipping Package." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71569.

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The 9975 shipping package incorporates a cane fiberboard overpack for thermal insulation and impact resistance. Thermal properties (thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity) have been measured on cane fiberboard and a similar wood fiber-based product at several temperatures representing potential storage conditions. While the two products exhibit similar behavior, the measured specific heat capacity varies significantly from prior data. The current data are being developed as the basis to verify that this material remains acceptable over the extended storage time period.
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10

Chalumeau, Alain, and Antoine Felix-Henry. "Water Absorption Effect on Syntactic Foam Thermal Insulation of a Flexible Pipe." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92495.

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Thermal insulation of a flexible pipe for deepwater applications is generally obtained by spiraling syntactic foam extruded tapes around the pipe core, in between two thermoplastic sheaths. As water tightness of the insulating annulus can frequently not be guaranteed, water absorption and the effect on thermal properties of insulating material have to be determined, so as to be taken into account for Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient calculation of the flexible pipe. It is required to demonstrate the overall suitability of a specific insulating material for a given application. The first part of this paper describes accelerated fresh water absorption tests and subsequent thermal conductivity measurements, conducted on polypropylene syntactic foam filled with glass micro-spheres. Based on test data in the 50°C–100°C temperature range, a prediction model has been established to calculate water absorption for service life as long as 20 years. A relationship between thermal conductivity variation and water content has been demonstrated, so that thermal conductivity of material exposed to water can be calculated versus temperature and time of exposure, for design purpose. The second part describes the full scale thermal tests that have been performed by Technip, in order to compare the measured thermal properties and heat losses of the flexible pipes in vertical or horizontal positions, with the computer calculations. Finally, based on lab test ageing and full scale tests on non aged flexible pipe, Technip is able to predict the full thermal behaviour during all the lifetime of the pipe.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Insulation (Heat) Thermal properties"

1

Rossiter, Walter J., and Paul W. Brown. An initial investigation of the properties and performance of magnesium oxychloride-based foam thermal insulation. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.87-3642.

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2

Dionne, B., A. Bergeron, J. R. Licht, Y. S. Kim, and G. L. Hofman. Thermal Properties for the Thermal-Hydraulics Analyses of the BR2 Maximum Nominal Heat Flux. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1168941.

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3

Dionne, B., Y. S. Kim, and G. L. Hofman. Thermal properties for the thermal-hydraulics analyses of the BR2 maximum nominal heat flux. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1018508.

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4

Dinwiddie, R. B., G. E. Nelson, and C. E. Weaver. Effect of sub-minute high temperature heat treatments on the thermal conductivity of carbon-bonded carbon fiber (CBCF) insulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/216284.

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5

Delmas, A. A., and K. E. Wilkes. Numerical analysis of heat transfer by conduction and natural convection in loose-fill fiberglass insulation--effects of convection on thermal performance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10147925.

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6

Delmas, A. A., and K. E. Wilkes. Numerical analysis of heat transfer by conduction and natural convection in loose-fill fiberglass insulation--effects of convection on thermal performance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5342143.

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7

Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffery Roesler, and Junryu Fu. Early-age Properties of High-volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes for Pavement: Volume 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-031.

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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) is more cost-efficient, sustainable, and durable than conventional concrete. This report presents a state-of-the-art review of HVFAC properties and different fly ash characterization methods. The main challenges identified for HVFAC for pavements are its early-age properties such as air entrainment, setting time, and strength gain, which are the focus of this research. Five fly ash sources in Illinois have been repeatedly characterized through x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and laser diffraction over time. The fly ash oxide compositions from the same source but different quarterly samples were overall consistent with most variations observed in SO3 and MgO content. The minerals present in various fly ash sources were similar over multiple quarters, with the mineral content varying. The types of carbon present in the fly ash were also characterized through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, loss on ignition, and foam index tests. A new computer vision–based digital foam index test was developed to automatically capture and quantify a video of the foam layer for better operator and laboratory reliability. The heat of hydration and setting times of HVFAC mixes for different cement and fly ash sources as well as chemical admixtures were investigated using an isothermal calorimeter. Class C HVFAC mixes had a higher sulfate imbalance than Class F mixes. The addition of chemical admixtures (both PCE- and lignosulfonate-based) delayed the hydration, with the delay higher for the PCE-based admixture. Both micro- and nano-limestone replacement were successful in accelerating the setting times, with nano-limestone being more effective than micro-limestone. A field test section constructed of HVFAC showed the feasibility and importance of using the noncontact ultrasound device to measure the final setting time as well as determine the saw-cutting time. Moreover, field implementation of the maturity method based on wireless thermal sensors demonstrated its viability for early opening strength, and only a few sensors with pavement depth are needed to estimate the field maturity.
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8

Weinschenk, Craig, Daniel Madrzykowski, and Paul Courtney. Impact of Flashover Fire Conditions on Exposed Energized Electrical Cords and Cables. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hdmn5904.

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A set of experiments was conducted to expose different types of energized electrical cords for lamps, office equipment, and appliances to a developing room fire exposure. All of the cords were positioned on the floor and arranged in a manner to receive a similar thermal exposure. Six types of cords commonly used as power supply cords, extension cords, and as part of residential electrical wiring systems were chosen for the experiments. The non-metallic sheathed cables (NMB) typically found in residential electrical branch wiring were included to provide a link to previous research. The basic test design was to expose the six different types of cords, on the floor of a compartment to a growing fire to determine the conditions under which the cord would trip the circuit breaker and/or undergo an arc fault. All of the cords would be energized and installed on a non-combustible surface. Six cord types (18-2 SPT1, 16-3 SJTW, 12-2 NM-B, 12-3 NM-B, 18-3 SVT, 18-2 NISPT-2) and three types of circuit protection (Molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), combination Arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)) were exposed to six room-scale fires. The circuit protection was remote from the thermal exposure. The six room fires consisted of three replicate fires with two sofas as the main fuel source, two replicate fires with one sofa as the main fuel source and one fire with two sofas and MDF paneling on three walls in the room. Each fuel package was sufficient to support flashover conditions in the room and as a result, the impact on the cords and circuit protection was not significantly different. The average peak heat release rate of the sofa fueled compartment fires with gypsum board ceiling and walls was 6.8 MW. The addition of vinyl covered MDF wall paneling on three of the compartment walls increased the peak heat release rate to 12 MW, although most of the increased energy release occurred outside of the compartment opening. In each experiment during post flashover exposure, the insulation on the cords ignited and burned through, exposing bare conductor. During this period the circuits faulted. The circuit protection devices are not designed to provide thermal protection, and, thus, were installed remote from the fire. The devices operated as designed in all experiments. All of the circuit faults resulted in either a magnetic trip of the conventional circuit breaker or a ground-fault trip in the GFCI or AFCI capable circuit protection devices. Though not required by UL 1699, Standard for Safety for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters as the solution for detection methodology, the AFCIs used had differential current detection. Examination of signal data showed that the only cord types that tripped with a fault to ground were the insulated conductors in non-metallic sheathed cables (12-2 NM-B and 12-3 NM-B). This was expected due to the bare grounding conductor present. Assessments of both the thermal exposure and physical damage to the cords did not reveal any correlation between the thermal exposure, cord damage, and trip type.
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FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION FOR ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE-FILLED DOUBLE-SKIN TUBES EXPOSED TO FIRE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.263.

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Анотація:
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) or ultra-high-strength concrete (UHSC) are alternatively used to reduce construction materials, thereby achieving more sustainable constructions. Moreover, engaging the advantages of concrete cores and outer steel tubes in concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) or ductile concrete-filled double-skin tubes (CFDST) is of great interest for the better performance of such members under fire. Nevertheless, current design provisions do not provide design models for UHPC-filled double-skin tubes under fire, and existing finite-element (FE) methodologies available in the literature may not accurately simulate the behaviour of CFDST exposed to fire. Therefore, this paper develops a comprehensive FE protocol implementing the scripting technique to model CFDST members for heat transfer and coupled (simultaneously or sequentially) thermal-stress analyses. Various modelling parameters incorporated in the proposed FE routine include the cross-sectional geometry (circular, elliptical, hexagonal, octagonal, and rectangular), the size (width, diameter, and wall thickness), interactions, meshing, thermal- and mechanical-material properties, and boundary conditions. The detailed algorithm for heat transfer analysis is presented and elaborated via a flow chart. Validations, verifications, and robustness of the developed FE models are established based on extensive comparison studies with existing fire tests available in the literature. As a result, and to recognize the value of the current FE methodology, an extensive parametric study is conducted for different affecting parameters (e.g., nominal steel ratio, hollowness ratio, concrete cylindrical strength, yield strength of metal tubes, and width-to-thickness ratio). Extensive FE results are used for optimizing the fire design of such members. Consequently, a simplified and accurate analytical model that can provide the axial load capacity of CFDST columns under different fire ratings is presented
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