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Статті в журналах з теми "Information et archives"
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Sibille, Claire. "Les archives Dampierre aux Archives nationales (archives familiales et de fiefs)." La Gazette des archives 201, no. 1 (2006): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2006.3807.
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Côté-Lapointe, Simon, and Sabine Mas. "Facettes et archives : modalités et applications." La Gazette des archives 248, no. 4 (2017): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2017.5501.
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Hansen Klünder, Maiken, Dorothee Hippler, Rob Witbaard, and Dirk Frei. "Laser ablation analysis of bivalve shells – archives of environmental information." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 15 (July 10, 2008): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v15.5052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reconstructing past secular environmental variations is an important issue in palaeoclimate research. However, most key variables for palaeoclimate reconstructions cannot be measured directly, and reconstructions are therefore based on proxy data. Here, we demonstrate the potential of bivalve shells as an archive of environmental parameters. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has developed a fast and reliable method for chemical analyses of shell material by laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and here we present some ex amples of the use of this method. In tropical and subtropical waters, corals can provide century-long archives of past water chemistry with annual resolution. A comparable archive for temperate and Arctic waters would be highly useful in climate research, and therefore it has been examined whether this can be provided by bivalve shells (e.g. Schoene et al. 2005). Long-lived species may provide archives with annual resolution extending over several hundred years, whereas short-lived, fast-growing species can provide archives with a seasonal or in some cases daily resolution over a period of a few years. Most bivalves are sessile, and shells are commonly preserved as fossils. There are, however, a number of challenges related to the use of bivalves as proxy archives: (1) many proxies show species specific behaviour (Seed 1980); (2) only very few proxies are dependent on a single variable (Wefer et al. 1999); and (3) the effects of biology and ontogeny on the uptake of trace elements and stable isotope fractionation in shell carbonate are largely unknown and have to be evaluated empirically. Therefore, any potential proxy must be calibrated individually for each species of interest before it can be used. A large number of chemical analyses are needed to calibrate a proxy. These are commonly obtained by solution ICP-MS, in which sample preparation is time-consuming and labour-intensive. The use of LA-ICP-MS is therefore a considerable advance in bivalve shell proxy research, as it greatly reduces the effort needed for sample preparation. At the same time, the method requires less material for analysis, thus providing better spatial and hence temporal resolution. Proxies based on bivalve shell carbonate can be used in present-day environmental monitoring, and for environmental reconstructions from shells found as fossils. Shells from museum collections and shells found in archaeological middens can give information on historic and prehistoric environmental conditions (e.g. Carrell et al. 1987), and fossil shells can be used as archives of environmental parameters on geological timescales (e.g. Hendry et al. 2001).
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Brokensha, Susan, Eduan Kotzé, and Burgert Senekal. "Machine learning for document classification in an archive of the National Afrikaans Literary Museum and Research Centre." Journal of the South African Society of Archivists 56 (November 30, 2023): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsasa.v56i.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsasa.v56i1.10
ISSN: 1012-2796
©SASA 2023
Most archives were established before the digital age, where hardcopies of much smaller volumes were archived. In the information age, archives struggle to accommodate the large volumes of material produced. In addition, many archives, including in South Africa, had to contend with budget cuts that reduced the number of staff available. If digital material is not archived now, it creates the risk of gaps in the historical record in the future. In addition, with digital humanities gaining wider acceptance, large corpuses of digital material are needed, which archives could provide. This study’s aim was to investigate whether document classification using machine learning classifiers is feasible in a South African archive context, with a focus on the National Afrikaans Literary Museum and Research Centre (NALN). The researchers created and trained a document classification model and tested it for accuracy against human classifiers. It followed a basic linguistic approach to prepare specific text documents for text classification, in terms of Galloway and Roux’s (2019) six categories, namely articles, media reports, books, interviews, reviews, and dissertations and theses. The classification was done using two annotators, after which the annotated corpus was employed as training data for machine learning models. Following Rolan et al. (2018), Suominen (2019), and Connelly et al. (2020), Python libraries were used for document classifications. The researchers show that machine learning classifiers can accurately categorise documents into different types. If implemented, this means that archives can improve their collection efforts without spending more on salaries. One way of coping with the information explosion is to develop metadata generation tools, like machine learning and artificial intelligence. If metadata could be automatically generated, it would reduce the pressure on archival personnel by providing a way to handle larger volumes.
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Prost, Antoine. "Le Centenaire et les Archives." La Gazette des archives 258, no. 2 (2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2020.5956.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La Grande Guerre n’a cessé de renforcer sa présence dans notre société depuis les années 1970-1980. À côté des livres et des films, une mémoire souterraine de la guerre s’est développée sur le web, avec de nombreux sites et des sources mises en ligne où beaucoup ont puisé pour enrichir leur mémoire familiale. Dans ce contexte, la commémoration a pris une grande ampleur, qu’il s’agisse des responsables des manifestations ou de leurs formes, très diverses. Les commémorations locales l’emportent, et parmi elles, les expositions. Les Archives leur ont apporté une contribution de première importance. Elles ont ainsi fait converger les mémoires, les ont nourries d’histoire, et conforté une mémoire nationale de souffrances et de deuil.
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Braibant, Guy. "Archives et Droits de L’Homme." Comma 2004, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/comma.2004.2.5.
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Verry, Élisabeth. "Les archives des sciences humaines et sociales aux Archives départementales de Maine-et-Loire." La Gazette des archives 212, no. 4 (2008): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2008.4517.
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Baumard, Raphaël. "Comment faire dialoguer les archives du monde du travail ? Enjeux et positionnement des ANMT." La Gazette des archives 260, no. 4 (2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2020.6023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Éclatées, diverses et très nombreuses, les archives de la sphère économique et professionnelle ont été prises en charge au cours des dernières décennies par de multiples structures relevant du secteur public comme privé : services constitués au sein d’entreprises, services publics d’archives, structures associatives, tiers-archiveurs. Malgré leurs différences et des intérêts parfois divergents, celles-ci ont constitué des réseaux de collaboration et d’échanges, qu’ils soient formels ou informels, communs à toute la profession ou plus sectoriels. En leur sein, les Archives nationales du monde du travail (ANMT) occupent une place à part : se concentrant sur la collecte et la valorisation d’archives historiques d’envergure nationale, elles ont laissé le champ libre à d’autres acteurs au niveau local et dans le domaine des archives courantes et intermédiaires. Elles souhaitent désormais affirmer une approche en faveur de la connaissance des fonds du monde du travail, non pas à l’échelle des seules Archives nationales du monde du travail mais de tous les services. En ligne de mire : une meilleure diffusion des instruments de recherche, une réflexion sur leur indexation, afin de faciliter la réunion virtuelle des fonds et de constituer des points d’entrée communs à toutes les archives disponibles aux chercheurs en France.
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Müller, Bertrand. "Archives, documents, données : problèmes et définitions." La Gazette des archives 212, no. 4 (2008): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2008.4509.
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Muth, Olivier. "Archives et territoires, des mutations permanentes." La Gazette des archives 252, no. 4 (2018): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2018.5643.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Information et archives"
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Dieye, Mor. "Valorisation et médiation numérique du patrimoine documentaire colonial et de l'esclavage." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942980.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La question de la préservation et de la pérennisation du patrimoine documentaire des archives et des bibliothèques a toujours été au centre des préoccupations et des débats des professionnels en information-documention et intéresse maintenant de plus en plus les usagers. Ceci est lié à l'importance que nos sociétés attachent à l'histoire et à la mémoire. Ce retour vers le passé n'est souvent possible que si la preuve qui l'incarne (en l'occurrence les archives) est bien conservée et valorisée. La numérisation a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine, surtout dans le contexte des pays du Sud où les conditions de conservation font défaut en raison d'un climat tropical défavorable et de moyens infrastructurels et matériels qui manquent souvent. Les solutions offertes par la numérisation pour la sauvegarde, la pérennisation et l'accès au patrimoine documentaire sont certes satisfaisantes, mais ne donnent pas toutes les garanties surtout quand il s'agit des documents historiques fragiles et précieux comme les fonds d'archives de l'esclavage et de la colonisation. [etc.]
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Aborawi, Ahmed. "L'usage des technologies de l'information et de la communication par les professeurs des universités lybiennes : le cas des archives ouvertes et des périodiques électroniques sur le web." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette étude analyse l'accueil et l'usage par les professeurs des universités libyennes des périodiques électroniques et des archives ouvertes. Ainsi, elle a pour objectif d'identifier la relation entre, d’un côté, l’usage des périodiques électroniques et des archives ouvertes et, de l’autre, certains facteurs déterminants des conditions sociodémographiques comme le sexe, le domaine de recherche, l’âge et les années d’exercice.Cela se situe dans un contexte particulier à un pays arabe, pays en voie de développement dont l’environnement sociopolitique constitue, à notre sens, une véritable contrainte objective.Afin de répondre à notre problématique, nous avons été amenés naturellement à l’utilisation de la méthode quantitative par questionnaire. Dès lors, 359 professeurs,répartis sur cinq disciplines, ont répondu à nos questionnements.Il était donc question de comprendre la relation entre la discipline que les enseignants universitaires libyens exercent et leur usage des TIC, les préférences des utilisateurs de périodiques électroniques, leur attitude vis-à-vis des inconvénients et avantages de celles-ci,la connaissance des utilisateurs concernant le libre accès et enfin l'état de l'art sur les bénéfices des sources en libre accès.Enfin, les résultats de cette étude réactualisent nos connaissances sur les pratiques enseignantes des professeurs libyens et débouchent sur des applications intéressantesThis study analyses mind agreement and use of electronic journals and open archivesmade by Libyan universities teachers. So, it aims identification of relationship between, onone hand, the use of electronic journals and open archives and, on second hand, any very important factors, and parts from socio-demographic conditions as gender, Research domain, age and number of practice years.It was developed in a particular context, i.e. in an Arabic country, in way of development, in which socio-politic environment is constitutive, as we think, of a true limiting factor.In the aim of giving answers to this problem, we naturally were led to use quantitative method based on questionnaire. So, 359 teachers, scattered on five disciplines,gave answers to our questionnaire.So, the subject was to understand relationship between the specialty that Libyan university teachers are operating in and their use of TIC, the preferences of electronic journals users, their comportments when encountering any advantages or disadvantages of these journals they use, the users knowledge about open access, and, last topic, the state of the art about benefits due to open access sources. Finally, the results of this study give us new and recent knowledge on teaching practices of Libyan University teachers and open on interesting appliances
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Ranquet, Marie. "L'accès aux archives publiques en France. Le droit et la pratique vus par les archivistes depuis 1979." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Ecole nationale des chartes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCP0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'archivistique française est encadrée par plusieurs textes, certains à portée législative, d'autres réglementaire, les premiers d'entre eux remontant à la Révolution française: la loi du 7 messidor an II édicte le principe de l'accès libre du citoyen aux titres conservés. Ce principe est encore bien éloigné du droit d'accès du citoyen à l'information publique, qui émerge réellement avec la loi n° 78-753 du 17 juillet 1978 et le contexte des lois de « 3e génération des droits de l'homme ». Les dispositions de la loi de messidor sont amendées dès le XIXe siècle afin de protéger les intérêts de l'État et des familles. La loi de messidor est abrogée par la loi n°79-18 du 3 janvier 1979, qui pour la première fois pose le principe des délais de communicabilité aux archives publiques dans la loi. La loi de 1979 est abrogée par la loi n°2008-696 du 15 juillet 2008 qui intervient à la suite de vives polémiques surl'accès aux archives de la Seconde guerre mondiale en particulier : si l'existence même des secrets n'est pas remise en cause, l'échéance à laquelle ces secrets doivent pouvoir être levés fait débat.Malgré une idée répandue, des restrictions de plus en plus fortes se font jour sur la possibilité d'accéder aux archives. Des régimes spéciques d'accès comme le secret défense ou le secret médical deviennent peu à peu incompatibles avec le droit général d'accès aux archives.La loi de 2008 suscite de nombreuses interrogations pratiques de la part des archivistes, confrontés à la fois à une modification des délais de communicabilité et à un changement de méthode, la communicabilité étant désormais définie par la sensibilité des informations contenues dans les documentsFrench archives are ruled by several laws and decrees. First of them go back to French Revolution : it is the law of Messidor 7, year II, by which the idea of free access to archives for citizens is brought out. This idea is nevertheless still quite far from the French Freedom of Information act taken in 1978, in the general context of « laws of 3d-generation rights of men ». The Messidor law is amended during the 19th century to take into account the necessary protection of the interests of State and families. It is repealed by the law n°79-18 of January 3d, 1979 ; this law establishes for the first time the principle of terms for accessing to archives. It is in turn repealed by the law n°2008-696 of July 15th, 2008, which comes after decade-long controversy about access to Second World War archives in particular: even if the mere existence of secret is well accepted, the terms themselves under which these secrets should be held expired are a public issue.Despite a well-shared idea, restrictions on archives'accessibility keep getting stronger. Specific access regimes such as classified informations or medical secrecy gradually become conflicting with the general right of access to archives.The 2008 law arouses many practical interrogations among archivists, confronted with a modification of the communicability terms as well as a deep change in method, these terms being now determined by the degree of sensibility of the information rather than by the nature of the document itself
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Cardin, Martine. "Archivistique : information, organisation, mémoire ; l'exemple du Mouvement coopératif Desjardins, 1900-1990." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29271.
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Lauvernier, Julie. "Classer et inventorier au XIXe siècle : administration des fonds et écriture de l'histoire locale dijonnaise par l'archiviste Joseph-François Garnier 1815-1903." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Située au carrefour de l'histoire des archives, de la construction des savoirs, de l'histoire des sciences et du pragmatisme, cette thèse se propose dans la double optique de la biographie intellectuelle de l'archiviste et historien dijonnais Joseph Garnier (1815-1903) et d'une généalogie des pratiques et des méthodes de l'archivistique de s'attacher à étudier la place de l'archive et du traitement qui lui fut réservé dans le courant du XIXe siècle aux Archives et dans l'écriture de l'histoire. En opposant l'archivable à l'éditable la rénovation des archives locales provoque une perturbation des cadres méthodologiques et un sentiment d'urgence technique et scientifique : l'inventorisation devait impérativement prendre le pas sur l'édition exhaustive des richesses paléographiques de la France. Ce réaménagement des représentations archivistiques offre la possibilité d'un chassé-croisé entre science des documents et administration des fonds. Ces deux nécessités réussissent une conciliation par le réajustement des objectifs assignés aux inventaires sommaires via leur normalisation. Obligées de faire de l'inventaire-sommaire et de la description des actes préalables à l'utilisation et à la publication des documents historiques, les Archives locales manifestent qu'il existe des savoirs et des pratiques spécifiques à la gestion des documents. En normalisant et en institutionnalisant les " arts de faire " de la classification, le monde des archives élabore de nouvelles technologies intellectuelles induisant à chaque étape de nouveaux rapports à l'archive et à l'histoire dont l'historiographie a su mesurer toute l'inventivité.
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Gueye, Seyni. ""Visiter la terre" : droits, savoirs et territoires dans la colonisation hispanique du nord des Andes (province de Popayán, XVIe-XVIIe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0153.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Au croisement de l’histoire de l’administration de la justice en situation coloniale et de l’histoire des savoirs, cette thèse analyse des inspections itinérantes sous forme de procès, déployées auprès des communautés d’habitants de la province de Popayán (sud-ouest de la Colombie actuelle), entre le milieu du XVIe et le début du XVIIe siècle. L’étude vise à restituer les contextes et les acteurs de ces inspections appelées "visitas de la tierra", les modalités concrètes des déplacements et les rencontres occasionnées par la procédure, ainsi que son dispositif de production d’information, par observation et collecte de témoignages enregistrés in situ. D’autre part, la recherche questionne les usages judiciaires et savants de la documentation produite lors des "visitas de la tierra", au sein des collectivités soumises à leurs enquêtes (villes et paroisses coloniales, sites d’extraction d’or, communautés indiennes d’encomienda), comme dans les centres gouvernementaux de l’empire, auxquels sont envoyées des formes variées de comptes-rendus des inspections. Il s’agit de comprendre la manière dont ces procès agissent à la fois comme des rituels de négociation de l’ordre colonial à l’échelle des corps politiques espagnols et indiens de la province, mais aussi comme des instruments de connaissance de leurs territoires, dont les usages s’exercent à différents niveaux du gouvernement impérialThis PhD dissertation participates in historiographical trends that have been underway for several decades at the crossroads of imperial and colonial European expansion in the early modern period, the history of justice, and the history of knowledge production. It analyses inspections of royal justice and taxation-system in the form of itinerant trials, carried out among the communities of inhabitants in the province of Popayán (southwestern Colombia), between the years 1550s and 1630s. The study aims to reconstruct the contexts and actors involved in these procedures, called "visitas de la tierra", the concrete modalities of travel and social encounters they occasioned, and their practices of information-gathering, by observing and collecting testimonies.On the other hand, it questions the multiple uses of the visitas’ oral and written enactments, within the communities subjected to the trials (colonial towns and parishes, gold-mining districts, Indian encomiendas), as well as in the empire's governmental centers, to which various forms of reports were sent.The aim of the research is to understand better how the "visitas de la tierra" acted both as rituals of negotiation of the colonial order at the local scale of the political bodies established in the northern Andes, and as instruments of knowledge about their territories, the uses of which were exercised at different levels of imperial government
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Delmotte, Stéphanie. "La formalisation des publications scientifiques : les sciences humaines et sociales à la recherche de fondements scientifiques." Phd thesis, Paris 10, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465668.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les sciences humaines et sociales s'interrogent sur les fondements du discours scientifique depuis les années 1950. Depuis les années 1980, l'enseignement à distance évolue, et les années 2002-2007 des supports innovants sont créés pour répondre au traitement électronique de l'information. L'information scientifique doit s'adapter aux nouvelles formes de diffusion du savoir. Le discours scientifique dans les sciences humaines reste un « objet réglé par le système rhétorique ». Il propose un raisonnement, soit selon une culture de l'évidence rationnelle et expérimentale, soit selon une culture de l'argumentation. Sa représentation donnera lieu alors soit à une structure figée, soit à un plan créatif. Ces points de vue seront illustrés par les nouveaux supports et les résultats sous des formes multimédia. Les pratiques d'écriture, de référencement, d'édition, de validation, de diffusion et de lecture du discours en sciences humaines changent et doivent être accompagnées d'une réflexion approfondie. Les publications scientifiques jouent un rôle capital dans le système de la communication scientifique. Elles doivent répondre à deux exigences symbolisées par les deux pôles : celui de l'information (l'aspect logique et rationnel) et celui de la communication (l'aspect relationnel). Le numérique ainsi que les discours qui l'accompagnent peuvent être définis comme un phénomène émergent dans la communication scientifique. L'influence du traitement numérique de l'information entraîne une évolution des formes de représentation des champs scientifiques dans les sciences humaines. Il oblige plus qu'auparavant à caractériser le discours scientifique dans les sciences humaines et à le définir. La formalisation des publications scientifiques propose une organisation et une structuration du contenu avec des langages de balisage, des normes et des standards adaptés aux besoins des communautés pour assurer l'efficacité de la production de documents numériquesSince the 1980's, knowledge accessible via the internet has been steadily growing in importance and popularity. Since 2002, new innovating format solutions have tried to answer the issues encountered in digital processing of scientific digital publications. Scientific data needs to adapt to new ways of accessing knowledge and be standardized matching other globalization standards. Since the 1950's, various fields have been conducted critical thinking studies of the epistemological foundations on the discourse of Human and Social sciences. The use of new technologies comes along with a need to define the specific attributes of Human Sciences discourse. We are studying how the scientific communications practices have adapted with new writing, reading, referencing, editing, and disclosure practices. The digital document emergence brings the obligation to think over the content organization, structure, and method of implementation of the information in one single location to answer the needs of scientific thinking
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Gutehrlé, Nicolas. "Information extraction from unstructured documents for the valorisation of historical periodicals : application to the heritage of the Bourgogne Franche-Comté Region in France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCC006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ces dernières années, les bibliothèques et archives ont entrepris de nombreuses campagnes de numérisation afin d'élargir l'accès du public à leurs collections d'archives. Cependant, le défi de promouvoir le contenu des collections et de rendre ces ressources accessibles reste entier. La numérisation produit souvent un contenu non structuré dans lequel il est difficile de naviguer, tandis que les interfaces qui s'appuient sur des requêtes basées sur des mots clés pour accéder aux documents d'archives peuvent fournir aux utilisateurs des résultats non pertinents. Afin d'exploiter le potentiel des « Big Data of the Past », notion introduite par Kaplan et di Lenardo en 2017, il est essentiel de développer des méthodes et des cadres pour structurer le contenu textuel des documents, dans le but d’en améliorer l’exploration et l’exploitation. Dans ce contexte, la présente thèse de doctorat aborde le problème du traitement des documents historiques numérisés, en se concentrant sur l'extraction des Entités Nommées et des Relations afin de créer des interfaces pour l'exploitation efficace des données textuelles historiques. Premièrement, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour déterminer la structure logique des journaux historiques en utilisant une approche à base de règles. Deuxièmement, nous présentons une méthode pour extraire les entités et les relations concernant les personnes et les lieux mentionnés dans les textes. Notre approche s’intitule Extensible, Lightweight and Interpretable Joint Extraction of Relations and Entities (ELIJERE). Elle est basée sur des ressources linguistiques obtenues par supervision distante. Enfin, nous proposons un cadre général pour l'étude de l'expression d’informations spatiales dans les documents, et un autre cadre pour l'application des méthodes de TimeLine Summarisation à des collections de documents. Nous montrons comment ces méthodes peuvent être appliquées pour produire des interfaces sémantiquement riches, telles que des frises chronologiques et des cartes, qui permettent au grand public une lecture proche ou distante de ces collectionsIn recent years, libraries and archives have undertaken numerous digitisation campaigns to widen public access to their archival collections. However, the challenge of promoting the content of collections and making these resources discoverable remains. Digitisation often produces unstructured content that is difficult to navigate, while interfaces that rely on keyword-based queries to access archival materials can provide users with irrelevant results. In order to exploit the potential of the "Big Data of the Past", notion introduced by Kaplan and di Lenardo in 2017, it is essential to develop methods and frameworks for structuring the textual content of documents, with the aim of improving their exploration and discoverability. In this context, the present Ph.D. thesis addresses the problem of processing digitised historical documents, focusing on the extraction of Named Entities and Relations in order to create interfaces for the efficient exploitation of historical textual data. Firstly, we propose a new method for determining the logical structure of historical newspapers using a rule-based approach. Secondly, we present a method for extracting entities and relations about people and places mentioned in texts. Our approach is called Extensible, Lightweight and Interpretable Joint Extraction of Relations and Entities (ELIJERE). It is based on linguistic resources obtained through distant supervision. Finally, we propose a general framework for studying the expression of spatial information in documents, and another framework for applying TimeLine Summarisation methods to document collections. We show how these methods can be applied to produce semantically rich interfaces, such as timelines and maps, that allow the general public a close and a distant reading of these collections
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Bailloeul, Timothée. "Contours actifs et information à priori pour l'analyse de changements : application à la mise à jour de cartes numériques du bâti urbain à partir d'images optiques de télédétection haute résolution." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000282/.
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Cette thèse propose une méthodologie visant à analyser les changements entre une carte numérique du bâti urbain et des images optiques de télédétection submétriques. Notre approche est basée sur l'utilisation de l'information à priori spécifique des bâtiments symbolisés dans la carte afin de faciliter leur reconnaissance dans une image satellitaire plus récente. Cette connaissance à priori est incorporée comme une contrainte de forme dans un modèle variationnel de recalage fin carte-image par contours actifs. Nous proposons des solutions nouvelles pour une convergence plus rapide, robuste et en même temps plus flexible du contour. Le recalage par contours actif résoud le problème des variabilités exogènes carte-image indépendantes d'un changement effectif et améliore la fiabilité de la détection de changement. Nous illustrons l'efficacité de l'approche proposée à partir d'expériences menées avec une carte d'échelle 1:10 000 et des images satellitaires Quickbird de la ville de PékinThis thesis proposes a methodology aiming at analyzing changes between an urban digital map of buildings and sub-meter optical remote sensing data. Our approach is based on the use of specific prior information derived from the buildings symbolized in the map to ease their recognition in a more recent satellite image. This prior knowledge is embedded in a variational model to constrain the shape of active contours intended to achieve map-to-image fine matching. We propose new solutions to improve the robustness, speed and flexibility of the active contours. The fine matching process solves the issue of exogenous variabilities between the map and the image which are independant from real changes and increases the reliability of change detection. We ilustrate the efficiency of our approach with experiments carried out with a 1:10 000 scale map and Quickbird satellite images of Pekin city
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Bailloeul, Timothée Marthon Philippe Hu Baogang. "Contours actifs et information à priori pour l'analyse de changements application à la mise à jour de cartes numériques du bâti urbain à partir d'images optiques de télédétection haute résolution /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Signal, image et acoustique : Toulouse, INPT : 2005. Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Signal, image et acoustique : Institut d'automatique, Académie des Sciences de Chine : 2005.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 137 réf.
Книги з теми "Information et archives"
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Baghdadi, Nicolas. Papyrus: Répertoire des bibliothèques, médiathèques, archives et centres de documentation : 1999. 3rd ed. Paris: Pages Inédites Éditions, 1998.
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Hiraux, Françoise, and Nicolas Delpierre. Les chantiers du numérique: Dématérialisation des archives et métiers de l'archiviste. Louvain-la-neuve: Academia-L'Harmattan, 2012.
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Marie, Cornu, and Fromageau Jérôme, eds. Archives et recherche: Aspects juridiques et pratiques administratives : actes du colloque organisé dans le cadre du programme CNRS "Archives de la création" à la Faculté Jean Monnet, Université Paris-Sud, les 25 et 26 mai 2000 à Sceaux. Paris: Harmattan, 2003.
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Cardin, Martine. Archivistique: Information, organisation, mémoire : l'exemple du Mouvement coopératif Desjardins, 1900-1990. Sillery, Québec: Septentrion, 1995.
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Douglas, Kristen. Les lois sur l'accès à l'information au Canada et dans quatre autres pays. Ottawa, Ont: Service d'information et de recherche parlementaires, 2006.
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Savard, Réjean. Principes directeurs pour l'enseignement du marketing dans la formation des bibliothécaires, documentalistes et archivistes. Paris: Programme général d'information et UNISIST, Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'education, la science et la culture, 1988.
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Congrès national des archivistes français (28th 1986 Paris, France). Les nouvelles archives, formation et collecte: Actes du XXVIIIe Congrès national des archivistes français, Paris, 29 septembre-1er octobre 1986. Paris: Archives nationales, 1987.
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(Province), Québec. Accès à l'information: Lois et règlements. Cowansville, Québec: Éditions Y. Blais, 2009.
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Québec (Province). Accès à l'information: Lois et règlements. Cowansville, Québec: Éditions Y. Blais, 2009.
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Programme, Unesco General Information, and UNISIST (Program), eds. Répertoire international des associations de bibliothécaires, d'archivistes et de spécialistes des sciences de l'information =: International directory of library, archives, and information science associations. 2nd ed. Paris: Programme général d'information et UNISIST, 1986.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Information et archives"
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Fellague, Djamila, and Nicolas Delferrière. "Le théâtre romain de Lyon et ses aditus." In Les théâtres antiques et leurs entrées, 259–304. Lyon: MOM Éditions, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11qrv.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’article offre tout d’abord une présentation générale des hypothèses actuelles sur la datation du théâtre de Lyon et montre la nécessité d’une reprise de l’étude, qui a justement commencé par l’examen des aditus. L’aditus nord, le mieux conservé, offre un témoignage soit de l’existence d’une profonde transformation des maçonneries soit de l’intervention de deux équipes de maçons. Il présente par ailleurs des vestiges de deux à trois décors successifs, qui sont rarement conservés dans les théâtres. Des archives photographiques sur l’aditus sud apportent également des informations précieuses sur des décorations disparues et sur les restaurations modernes. Grâce aux vestiges en place, quelques pièces erratiques et des archives, l’étude fournit des renseignements sur l’histoire du théâtre antique de Lyon et sur les caractéristiques des décors qui magnifiaient les entrées. Elle montre ce que l’examen d’une partie réduite de l’édifice peut apporter à des problématiques générales touchant à la chronologie, à l’organisation du chantier et aux remplois, sans pour autant fournir une réponse définitive aux aspects chronologiques.
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Szeverényi, Sándor, and Beáta Wagner-Nagy. "Nganasan language materials in space and time." In Siberica et Uralica, 139–64. Szeged: University of Szeged, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2022.56.139-164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper provides an overview of Nganasan fieldwork data and archive resources. This description focuses primarily on the textual and sound materials, but other aspects that contribute to the documentation of Nganasan are also touched on, whereas textbooks and dictionaries are not considered here. We give a detailed survey of the available published and unpublished material as well. We do not discuss in detail fieldwork materials only available in Russian, e.g. such as Dolgikh’s rich folklore collection. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 gives some information on Nganasan and related languages. Section 3 addresses the early field notes, i.e. the resources before Castrén’s trip and his materials. Section 4 exemplifies the fieldwork activities of the 20th century. After that, in Section 5 we turn to the digitally available materials. The description is then rounded off in Section 6 with the description of the planned Nganasan database. The basic idea of the database is to collect and archive material from fieldwork.
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Buttet, Jérôme. "En creux, en relief et en noir, souvenirs de Chine et d’Extrême-Orient dans le Soissonnais." In Les travailleurs chinois en France dans la Première Guerre mondiale, 413–26. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.editionscnrs.17100.
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Parmi les inscriptions de la Guerre de 1914-1918 recensées dans un petit périmètre, principalement à l’Est de Soissons, figurent des caractères chinois. D’autres sources locales mises à contribution comme les cimetières militaires et les témoignages oraux ont donné des informations dignes d’intérêt. Elles attestent du passage de groupes de travailleurs chinois dans le contexte de la reconstruction de l’immédiat après-guerre. L’observation de ces documents in situ a permis de dégager quelques enseignements relatifs au contexte spatial, à la technique, à leur contenu et de les comparer avec les traces laissées par leurs prédécesseurs occidentaux. Ces quelques inscriptions sont de bien modestes archives mais leur pouvoir d’évocation ne laisse pas de nous émouvoir lorsqu’elles apparaissent dans le faisceau de la lampe.
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Tanzini, Lorenzo. "«Situm in loco alto et forti». Una controversia del vescovo Andrea de’ Mozzi per il monastero di San Miniato." In La Basilica di San Miniato al Monte di Firenze (1018-2018), 151–73. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-295-9.09.
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The essay analyses a judicial case of the late 13th century (preserved in the archival funds of the Pistoiese bishopric), in which the bishop of Florence Andrea Mozzi and the nuns of Monticelli (one of the earliest Franciscan female communities in Florence) quarrel for the rights on the church of San Miniato, under the protection of the bishop since the origin of the monastic community in the early 11th century. As usual for this kind of sources, the text provides us with an important array of informations: the references to the written records the contenders used draw an image of the documentary landscape of the monastic communities since the 11th century, and at the same time the narrative of the religious practices of the laity around the church are very well described.
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Raj, Simran, Vipin Dhiman, Ms Pratishtha, and Rakhi Bhardwaj. "NANOTECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS IN MEDICAL IMAGE SECURITY AND AUTHENTICATION." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 5, 125–51. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs5p2ch1.
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Medical imaging has an important place in effective diagnosis and treatment. Picture archiving and communication system (PACS) serves as a central repository for medical images and offers easy acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of images. PACS deals with medical information systems, and medical devices, and also engages health professionals both inside and outside the healthcare system (Cokke et al., 2003). This complexity may generate exposure chances for maliciousness and results in security requirements that are sometimes insufficient or inadequate. Sometimes, medical images are exchanged among physicians, consultants, and healthcare institutions in order to facilitate successful consultation and to provide appropriate healthcare services. It also involves the use of telemedicine that rely on biomedical sensors, Internet of Things (IOT) and Internet to provide continuous quick, efficient, healthcare services in a cost-effective manner. The privacy of healthcare information must be on top consideration for any future e-health system and can't be compromised, but due to extensive use of computers and the internet it is quite challenging (Maksimović et al., 2017). To support the patient's care, and to protect the health information in a variety of electronic systems from cyber-attacks there is a requirement to follow the federal mandates issued by HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, It is aimed at protecting the personal data of patients from public access) and security-related guidelines such as DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine, defines the image format and transfer protocol for medical images and related data) and HL7 (Health Level 7, specifies messages for transmitting patient information, orders, and reports) (Mohammed et al., 2017). As well as different security measures methods such as encryption of data, digital signature, micro-segmentation, multifactor authentication, watermarking and PMA (Privileged Access Management, safeguard individual id with special access), VNA (Vendor Neutral Archives, it store medical images in a standard format and interface for access) may be utilized to secure the medical images (Paudel,2019). This chapter specifically addresses the challenges in medical image security and methods to protect the images from cyber challenges.
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Thomassen, Theo. "Archival Education Between History and Ubiquitous Information." In Panorama de l'archivistique contemporaine: évolution de la discipline et de la profession, 145–58. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9782760543386-012.
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Mączyński, Ryszard. "Pijarzy w Nowej Jerozolimie. Pierwsze ćwierćwiecze Szkół Pobożnych w Górze (1675–1700)." In Studia monastica et mediaevalia: Opuscula Marco Derwich dedicata, 339–87. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381387989.18.
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In 1670, the Mazovian village of Góra (now Góra Kalwaria) was renamed to New Jerusalem dueto the foundation made by the Poznań bishop Stefan Wierzbowski (1620–1687). There was a planto shape it in imitation of Jerusalem in the Holy Land which was under the rule of the OttomanEmpire at that time. In this way, the holy city was closer presented to believers living in the centreof Europe and a new purpose of religious pilgrimages was created, which contributed to thegrowth of devotion of the Republic’s society. The Piarists order was one of the orders located inGóra. The official act of the foundation was signed – as the printed source Vinea Christi states – on13 November 1675.However, knowledge about the beginnings of the order – its assets, fathers and brothers, theoldest buildings or schools – has been very scanty until now. This lack resulted from the fact thatthe unit was abolished relatively early – already at the beginning of the nineteenth century – andonly remnants of the source documents concerning it have survived in Polish collections. On theother hand, documentation collected in the General Archive of Religious Schools (Archivio Generaledelle Scuole Pie) in Rome was used for the first time in order to prepare the article. Thissource is rich with information especially on the last quarter of the seventeenth century.
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Weiss, Andrew Philip. "Massive Digital Libraries (MDLs)." In Advances in Library and Information Science, 476–88. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7659-4.ch038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Massive digital library (MDL) is a term coined to define a class of digital libraries gathering mass-digitized print books and monographs, which rival the size of brick-and-mortar libraries. Specific examples of MDLs, including Google Books, HathiTrust, DPLA, Internet Archive, et al., are presented. The issues raised by MDLs include mass-aggregation of digital content and the ability to maintain source-material accuracy and veracity; copyright, fair use, and the mass-digitization of materials not in the public domain; and disparities in the level of diversity, especially with regard to Spanish-language, Japanese-language, and Hawaii-Pacific materials. Finally, the impact of MDLs on Digital Humanities, especially with regard to the Google Books digital corpus and the Google Ngram Viewer, will be investigated.
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Weiss, Andrew Philip. "Massive Digital Libraries (MDLs)." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 5226–36. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Massive Digital Library (MDL) is a term coined to define a class of digital libraries gathering mass-digitized print books and monographs, which rival the size of brick-and-mortar libraries. Specific examples of MDLs, including Google Books, HathiTrust, DPLA, Internet Archive, et al., are presented. The issues raised by MDLs include the following: mass-aggregation of digital content and the ability to maintain source-material accuracy and veracity; copyright, Fair Use and the mass-digitization of materials not in the Public Domain; and disparities in the level of diversity, especially with regard to Spanish-language, Japanese-language, and Hawaii-Pacific materials. Finally, the impact of MDLs on Digital Humanities, especially with regard to the Google Books digital corpus and the Google Ngram Viewer, will be investigated.
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Abolina, Margarita M. "Ivan Bunin and ‛Russian Land’ Publishing House." In I.A. Bunin and his time: Context of Life — History of Work, 382–88. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/ab-978-5-9208-0675-8-382-388.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with an episode from the long history of Ivan Bunin’s cooperation with Russian publishers in exile. The first emigrant publishing house in which Bunin’s books were published was called “Russian Land” — it was a Parisian cooperative enterprise that continued the “self-publishing” of Russian writers: Alexey Tolstoy, Aleksander Kuprin, Konstantin Balmont et al. took part in it just like Bunin. The director of the publishing house was Tikhon Polner, a journalist and historian, — it’s in his archive documents, now stored in the Bakhmeteff Archive of Russian and Eastern European History and Culture of Columbia University, that we find information on the circulation of three Bunin books published by “Russian Land” as well as the writer’s fee. The books were poorly sold as potential buyers did not have money. The collections “The Village”, “The Gentleman from San Francisco” and “The Cup of Life” included works, that were printed and became famous before revolution, but emigré readers saw in them something of a “touch of the motherland”.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Information et archives"
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Filieri, Jurji, Gabriele Goretti, and Benedetta Terenzi. "Integrating Design processes and Intelligent systems within supply chain digitalization, Two case studies in Made in Italy manufacturing." In 2025 Intelligent Human Systems Integration. AHFE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept of "Made in Italy" refers to the production of goods in Italy, characterized by a strong association with quality, craftsmanship, and Italian design. In recent years, digitalization has played a crucial role in the evolution of this sector, becoming essential for maintaining international competitiveness and influencing various aspects, as highlighted in the Confindustria Report ‘Digitalization and Innovation in the Italian Manufacturing Sector’ and the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre’s study ‘The impact of digital transformation on Italian manufacturing SMEs’. The integration of intelligent systems into design and manufacturing processes is revolutionizing the industry, promoting greater efficiency, flexibility, and product customization. The National Industry 4.0 Plan, promoted by the Ministry of Economic Development, aims to transform the Italian manufacturing sector through digitalization along four main lines: i) Innovative investments, ii) Skills, iii) Enabling infrastructures, iv) Public support. The plan seeks to enhance the competitiveness of Italian companies in international markets and create an innovation ecosystem. The adoption of technologies such as Industry 4.0, the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, Big Data Analytics and integration with additive manufacturing systems has enabled Italian companies to improve product efficiency, quality, and sustainability, while also allowing continuous monitoring and real-time adaptation of production (Goretti et al., 2020; Galli, 2021; Terenzi & Benelli, 2021; Bianchi, 2022; Lombardi & Rinaldi, 2023; Terenzi & Goretti, 2024). Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and cyber-physical systems facilitates advanced automation and optimization of design and production processes, reducing time and costs.Simultaneously, the integration of digital archives with manufacturing taxonomies is crucial for organizing and analyzing information in the industrial sector. Digital archives enable the cataloging and management of vast amounts of data related to production processes, materials, and finished products, facilitating traceability and the management of corporate knowledge (Smith & Johnson, 2021; Brown, 2022; Keller, 2023; Wang & Gao, 2022; Zhang & Tao, 2023).The case studies presented demonstrate how these transformations disruptively impact creative processes and design thinking methodologies, bridging the gap between design expertise and production processes. The research introduces a first case study that integrates digital modeling and robotic processes in high-craftsmanship furniture production. A second case study documents the design of a parametric sustainable packaging system through the exploitation of constrained generative AI and product digitization tools. We can thus assert that the digital transition requires significant investments and continuous training of human capital, both in production and in design processes. The research, through the presented case studies, aims to define emerging processes and skills required by Italian high-craftsmanship production districts, which can be developed trans-disciplinarily between historical manufacturing and design knowledge and advanced technologies. By highlighting challenges and opportunities, it is possible to underscore that, while there are positive signs in the adoption of digital technologies, many companies, particularly SMEs, struggle to keep pace with these changes. The main barriers include a lack of digital skills and high investment costs.
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Ames, Forrest E., Christopher S. Solberg, Michael D. Goman, Daniel J. Curtis, and Bradley T. Steinbrecker. "Experimental Measurements and Computations of Heat Transfer and Flow Friction Factor in a Staggered Pin Fin Array." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/cie-21761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper presents experimental measurements and CFD calculations for heat transfer and flow friction factor in a staggered pin fin array. The heat transfer and flow friction factor data are taken in a constant temperature facility and are acquired over a Reynolds number range of 1500 to 31,000. The array is comprised of eight rows of pins spaced at 2.5 diameters in the streamwise and spanwise directions with a pin height of two diameters. The heat transfer data are presented in terms of both average array data and row resolved data. The data accurately match the recent pin fin correlation of Chyu et at. [1] and extend its range to lower Reynolds numbers. The flow friction factor data accurately match the low and high Reynolds number data of Metzger et al. [2]. The steady state computations for a 2D and 3D representation of the geometry are performed and compared with archival correlations and the present data. The calculations are performed using a general purpose commercial solver (FLUENT 5.3 [3]) and apply the realizable k-ε model of Shih et al. [4] along with a two layer model which solves the k equation in the near wall region. Generally, the calculations perform relatively well with the 2D calculations matching the literature correlations slightly better than the 3D calculations.
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Kelley, K. Joshua, Christopher A. Mattson, Nile W. Hatch, and John L. Salmon. "Economic Impact Considerations for Sustainable Design Engineering as Derived From the Literature." In ASME 2024 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2024-143602.
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Abstract Sustainable development is frequently discussed in terms of social, environmental, and economic impacts, often referred to as the three pillars of sustainability. Understanding each of these pillars independently, as well as their interdependencies and trade-offs, is essential for effective sustainable development. Thus, as one step in the direction of increased sustainability, this paper explores the economic impact pillar independent from the other two. Specifically, this paper contributes to the archival scholarship on sustainable development by presenting eleven types of economic impacts relevant to sustainable design engineering. These eleven economic impact categories were derived from the literature via a semi-automated review of the observed economic impacts of engineering design decisions and engineered products. This categorization forms a baseline for future research and for the development of economic sustainability models for design engineers. In its current form, this taxonomy may also assist design engineers as they consider the economic impacts of their work, facilitating an increase in both the variety and quantity of impacts considered. Furthermore, we recommend considering these economic impact categories together with the set of social impact categories presented by Rainock, et al. [1]. Considering both sets together can increase one’s understanding of the interplay — including trade-offs — between these two pillars of sustainable development.
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Liang, Tao, and Larry J. Leifer. "Learning From Experience of Peers: An Empirical Study of Knowledge Sharing in a Product Design Community." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dtm-14576.
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Abstract In this paper, we describe usage patterns of a design information database observed from four years of data, and discuss issues of learning through social and technology mediated interactions in a product design community. From the period of 1994 to 1999, an increasing amount of the design information in a project-based course at Stanford University has been captured in electronic format. This design information consists of design notes, drawings, reports, slide presentations, emails, vendor references, and even, in some cases, summaries of phone conversations, meeting minutes, and the like. The large corpus of captured information was made available to the project teams during each academic year on the assumption that one would be able to achieve better performance by building on and learning from experiences of peers. Because the data was all made available over a webserver, we were able to collect information on access to it We have thus had a chance to learn from studying the usage of a large body of captured design information. Preliminary analysis on the first two years of data was reported in DETC conference in 1998 (Liang, Cannon et al. 1998). Results from our current analysis show some interesting patterns of file utilization. Those patterns includes a surprising high ratio of access to process-related files, as opposed to product-related files; a temporal access pattern that closely matches project deliverables and milestones; and, an increased correlation between database usage and team-based performance over time. The results from quantitative data analysis are augmented with qualitative user interviews. When interviewed, all engineers agreed that there could be a lot of benefits from learning from peer experiences. Nevertheless, physical and psychological barriers often prevent one from doing so. Physical barriers include distance, time, and organizational distance. Some psychological barriers include the perceived value of the archived information, and perceived effort of finding useful information. These pragmatic organizational learning issues arise from the fact that the teams were working on diverse projects and are all pressured by time and resources. We hypothesize that these real-world constraints of time and resources prohibited many learning opportunities to occur which would otherwise have been very productive and effective. This tension between learning and working is the backdrop of this learning experiment. We suggest that the patterns reported in this paper will be typical of a small product design consulting firm that has many fast-paced projects running in parallel.
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Gräßler, Iris, and Alena Tušek. "Case study on the software-supported development of competences in Scenario-Technique." In 6th International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and Design Future Trends and Applications (IHSED 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005548.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the context of digital usages, acting on practices, avoiding risky behaviors or moving towards more responsible mobile consumption are questions that have become central to our hyperconnected lives. Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility (CSR) strategies are underway, but companies are struggling to translate into action in some technocentric areas, such as in the Telco world. This paper proposes to examine the interest of the reflexive approach, as described by Vacher (2011), for the user-centered design of innovative and participatory services. Two educational devices were tested with French customers. Within Orange Innovation Research, these two devices have been designed to support customers in their digital uses. The first one focuses on cybersecurity risk management and the second one deals with the appropriation of responsible behavior regarding the purchase and usage of smartphone. We fall within the scope of persuasive technologies, as defined by Foulonneau (2017), within an influence that can be described as responsible and respectful of the recipient “without the use of coercion or deception”.The reflexive process, at the heart of our approach, encourages individuals to analyze and to question their actions and their consequences, thus facilitating the development and transformation of ethical and sustainable behaviors. Reflexivity can be described as experiential learning (Dewey, J. 1938 ), and mobilizes a metacognitive ability on how to learn. The first device deals with a priority topic for Orange: the digital protection of its customers. Through a chatbot, customers are encouraged to verbalize the risks they encounter, analyze their experience and take a step back to consider changing their behavior. The results of experiments with a group of young people show that reflective practice allows participants to become aware of their protective behaviors and to put in place effective and informed strategies aimed at countering daily risks. The second device is a service model designed to assist users in selecting a new smartphone via a questionnaire. The model provides information on the ecological and social impacts of smartphone manufacturing and suggests ways to reduce it. The qualitative test carried out in the laboratory shows that the use of the device allows the generation of "socio-eco-reflections" as well as a meta-reflection, both steps validating the start of a reflexive process. This questioning is accompanied by projections on practices built from the reflexive experience. We postulate that this reflexive approach, in an industrial environment, allows individuals to build and transform their own behaviors through a guided experiential journey. It also promotes the emergence of changes that are significant, adapted, and sustainable. This hypothesis highlights the importance of ethics and behaviors persistence within the framework of CSR, offering promising perspectives for the provision of enabling tools for our clients. Vacher, Y. (2011). La pratique réflexive. Un concept et des mises en œuvre à définir. In Recherche et formation, Vol 66, p. 65-78. Foulonneau A. (2017). Les technologies persuasives adaptatives. Intelligence artificielle [cs.AI]. Thèse, Université Grenoble Alpes. Dewey, J. 1938 Experience and Education (Internet Archive). Experience and Education. Macmillan Publishers. P. 9-10.
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Ihara, Masayuki, Hiroko Tokunaga, Hiroki Murakami, Shinpei Saruwatari, Kazuki Takeshita, Akihiko Koga, Takashi Yukihira, Shinya Hisano, and Masashige Motoe. "On-site-worker-centered design for work improvements." In 5th International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and Design: Future Trends and Applications (IHSED 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004108.
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This paper introduces a case study of work improvement conducted with care workers on site as well as discussions on their motivation of the improvement. For a sustainable service based on work improvements, not only user-centered but also service-provider-centered design is important. However, a co-creation project with on-site workers has a difficulty in designing a successful work improvement due to both their busy daily care work and their psychological burden to accept and launch the designed improvement. Thus, workshop designers should effectively motivate them so that they could join the design project and make a decision to launch the improvement. As for motivation in service design, Bisset introduced differing levels of motivation of a service user[1]. Bisset's framework is useful to understand and analyze each level of motivation though a target of the framework is mainly a service user, not a service provider. For motivating on-site workers, a study with a viewpoint of a service provider is necessary. We conducted 17 co-creation workshops for a year in order to design a work improvement which would be served as a sustainable service. The workshops were designed based on design thinking and focused on solving an environmental problem of their nursing facility. A manager at the facility expected the workers to think and act on their own initiative to improve their work autonomously. Though the workers tried to design a solution for safe and comfortable aisles where a wheelchair does not hit tables or chairs, the trial resulted in failure to launch the solution. A review workshop, which was conducted to analyze the reason why the workshops failed, revealed that they are too cautious to step forward although they learned the importance of understanding users, paying more attention to users and information sharing among workers. They were concerned about disadvantages by the solution such as complaints from users about table layout changes. They were also concerned about the lack of preparation to implement the solution. The review result suggests a design of intrinsic motivation for putting ideas into actions based on what they have learned. We think the intrinsic motivation could be enhanced by both a design of work improvement workshops and a design of their work style changes. As for the former, we included in the workshop design functions for extracting assumed problems during solution operation and devising ideas for problem solving, but the effects were insufficient. As Lockton mentioned[2], the latter depends on both behavior change of the workers and a design of the work environment. Future work will include a better workshop design that raises the motivation level of the workers step by step and exploring effective motivation of the workers to change their work style and workplace.[1] Bisset, F. et al: Designing motivation or motivating design? Exploring Service Design, motivation and behavioural change, Touchpoint: The Journal of Service Design, Vol.2, No.1, pp.15-21, 2010[2] Lockton, D. et al: Modelling the User: How design for sustainable behaviour can reveal different stakeholder perspectives on human nature, Brunel University Research Archive, 2010
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Christ, Oliver, Andreas Papageorgiou, Pascal Meier, Andreas Urech, Andreas Boroch, Melissa Huang, and Christian Eichhorn. "Immersive virtual spacewalking in stakeholder workshops:the effect of immersive, BIM-driven design and interaction tools on human sense of presence." In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002743.
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IntroductionOver the last decade, the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become increasingly wide-spread to manage the growing complexity of construction projects. As a result, project managers are facing new challenges in managing stakeholders in BIM projects, as the BIM concept is still relatively new to many of the stakeholders (Leśniak, Górka & Skrzypczak, 2021). The introduction of BIM has brought new and complex activities into the already complex process of project management, resulting in a radical change in the working practices of project managers and in the working practices of the project stakeholders (Li et al., 2021). Besides the purely technical advantages of better(?) planning and manipulating data, plans, etc. used to get the best possible visualization of the future, human factors are at least as, if not more, important when looking into the future. Immersive virtual reality (VR) can transform virtual plans into a walkable world, so that different stakeholders (architect, builder, tenant, etc.) can walk through the same flat without the need for specialist expertise in understanding building plans (Schiavi et al. 2022). This same mental picture of the e. g. apartment can now have an impact on decision-making processes and shorten the time to final judgement. At the same time, different aspects of interior design can be explored (size effect, furnishing, etc.). In our mixed methods study, we wanted to know which interaction mechanisms play an important role in the immersive virtual world and whether the sense of presence (illusion of place) is changed by the virtual design of rooms. MethodsIn three workshops, planned BIM data of two different types of apartments were put into a virtual environment (UNITY3D). We optimized the virtual apartments for an immersive virtual reality walkthrough and developed interactive tools for exploring the virtual apartments. In the first workshop (W1) we aimed to assess and demonstrate the sense of space of the planned apartment. In the second workshop (W2) we focussed on the texturing and in the third workshop we demonstrate the kitchen & wet room variants. Form W1 to W3 the visual details and naturalistic implementation of the virtual apartment were gradually enhanced. The participants were tenants, building owners, architects, and employees from the local building office. Their experience in virtual reality varied from none to a lot of experience. There were different tasks and goals for each workshop. Beside discussions, there was at least one VR-experience session per workshop, where participants would experience the virtual room in groups of two, with tasks specific to the session. This was done with three HTC VIVE pro headsets (one per group) with one per-son experiencing in the virtual world and the other spectating the first-person view from on a 75” screen. After some time, they swapped medium and the person who was in the virtual world now watched from outside. We recorded the following data during the workshop: technical affinity with TA-EG (Karrer, Glaser, Clemens & Bruder, 2009), usability with UEQ-S (Schrepp, Hinderks, Thomaschewski, 2017) and sense of presence with PLBMR (Frank & Kluge, 2014). Additionally, the participants were interviewed several weeks after the workshops with half structured interviews: Over all workshops a dataset of N=13 participants could be archived and evaluated. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics were calculated with SPSS 21. The coding of the interviews was done with MAXQDA.ResultsWe found a heterogeneous group in the scales for technical affinity. Regarding the importance of the tools we found that not all tools were remembered in the interviews. The overall usability rating was good and the most important finding was a significant less sense of presence (PLBMR) in workshop 2 (p > .05, cohens d`=.21).DiscussionThe introduction of BIM resulted in a radical change in the working practices of project managers and in the working practices of the project stakeholders (Li et al., 2021). This change should be carried out in a way that most stakeholders should feel comfortable with. As we saw in the data, the usability ratings were good, but some interviews showed that a reduction in complexity may be a further improvement, since not every feature was remembered or needed in the virtual room (Schiavi et al. 2022). The decrease in sense of presence in the second workshop show a possible connection with the uncanny valley phenomenon. Also, the limitation of the study is discussed and an outlook of possible further research is suggested.
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Pstuty, Norbert, Mark Duffy, Dennis Skidds, Tanya Silveira, Andrea Habeck, Katherine Ames, and Glenn Liu. Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network Geomorphological Monitoring Protocol: Part I—Ocean Shoreline Position, Version 2. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293713.
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Following a review of Vital Signs – indicators of ecosystem health – in the coastal parks of the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network (NCBN), knowledge of shoreline change was ranked as the top variable for monitoring. Shoreline change is a basic element in the management of any coastal system because it contributes to the understanding of the functioning of the natural resources and to the administration of the cultural resources within the parks. Collection of information on the vectors of change relies on the establishment of a rigorous system of protocols to monitor elements of the coastal geomorphology that are guided by three basic principles: 1) all of the elements in the protocols are to be based on scientific principles; 2) the products of the monitoring must relate to issues of importance to park management; and 3) the application of the protocols must be capable of implementation at the local level within the NCBN. Changes in ocean shoreline position are recognized as interacting with many other elements of the Ocean Beach-Dune Ecosystem and are thus both driving and responding to the variety of natural and cultural factors active at the coast at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. The direction and magnitude of shoreline change can be monitored through the application of a protocol that tracks the spatial position of the neap-tide, high tide swash line under well-defined conditions of temporal sampling. Spring and fall surveys conducted in accordance with standard operating procedures will generate consistent and comparable shoreline position data sets that can be incorporated within a data matrix and subsequently analyzed for temporal and spatial variations. The Ocean Shoreline Position Monitoring Protocol will be applied to six parks in the NCBN: Assateague Island National Seashore, Cape Cod National Seashore, Fire Island National Seashore, Gateway National Recreation Area, George Washington Birthplace National Monument, and Sagamore Hill National Historic Site. Monitoring will be accomplished with a Global Positioning System (GPS )/ Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) unit capable of sub-meter horizontal accuracy that is usually mounted on an off-road vehicle and driven along the swash line. Under the guidance of a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) (Psuty et al., 2022), the monitoring will generate comparable data sets. The protocol will produce shoreline change metrics following the methodology of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System developed by the United States Geological Survey. Annual Data Summaries and Trend Reports will present and analyze the collected data sets. All collected data will undergo rigorous quality-assurance and quality-control procedures and will be archived at the offices of the NCBN. All monitoring products will be made available via the National Park Service’s Integrated Resource Management Applications Portal.