Готові списки джерел за темами / Infiltration process

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Infiltration process"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 січня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Infiltration process"

1

Dr N P Sonaje, Dr N. P. Sonaje. "Modeling of Infiltration Process – A Review." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 9 (October 1, 2011): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/sept2013/69.

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2

Su, Li Zheng, Le Hua Qi, Ji Ming Zhou, Yu Shan Wang, and Fang Yang. "Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer of the Infiltration in Liquid Infiltration Extrusion Process." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.953.

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The pressure infiltration process of porous preforms by molten metals was investigated numerically in this paper. The finite element model of heat and mass transfer of the infiltration in liquid infiltration extrusion process was founded by the introduction of a new continuum model of fluid in porous medium and a distribution resistance concept. The proposed model can describe the transient flow behavior of semisolid materials qualitatively. Numerical simulations were developed in particular for non-isothermal infiltrations which take into account the thermal aspects (the mould, the fibres and the metal are initially preheated at different temperatures). The temperature distribution, infiltration front and infiltration depth in the infiltration area were gained by the simulation of ANSYS／FLOTRAN code. It is shown that the fiber volume fraction and initial temperature have a strong effect on the infiltration process. The simulation results of axisymmetric infiltration have a good agreement with their experimental ones. In addition, the infiltration time was predicted to get the effective infiltration depth based on the simulation results.
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3

SAITO, Hirotaka. "Modeling infiltration process during rainfall." Journal of Groundwater Hydrology 62, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5917/jagh.62.361.

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4

QI, Le-hua, Rui XU, Li-zheng SU, Ji-ming ZHOU, and Jun-tao GUAN. "Dynamic measurement on infiltration process and formation mechanism of infiltration front." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 20, no. 6 (June 2010): 980–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(09)60245-4.

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Unami, Koichi, Tomoki Izumi, Chie Imagawa, Toshihiko Kawachi, Shigeya Maeda, and Junichiro Takeuchi. "Infiltration Process in Rainfed Rice Field Soil of Ghanaian Inland Valley." Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 15, no. 2 (2010): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00006069058.

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6

Zhang, Changjuan, Yun Bai, Shixin Xu, and Xingye Yue. "Homogenization for chemical vapor infiltration process." Communications in Mathematical Sciences 15, no. 4 (2017): 1021–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/cms.2017.v15.n4.a5.

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7

Seyboldt, Christoph, Mathias Liewald, and Daniel Heydt. "Production of Aluminium Based Interpenetrating Phase Composites Using Semi-Solid Forming." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.502.

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The following paper deals with the production of Interpenetrating Phase Composites (IPC) using semi-solid forming technology. Therefore, adequate ceramic foams were selected and infiltrated by processing the aluminium alloy A356 in the semi-solid state. In the studies presented in this paper, the infiltrations of two ceramic materials (Al2O3 and SiC) with three different pore sizes (10, 20 and 30 ppi) were investigated. During the forming process the liquid phase fraction of the aluminium was varied to analyze infiltration effects in relation to the raw material´s liquid phase fraction. Afterwards, microsections of the produced specimens were analyzed in order to characterize their microstructure and the quality of infiltration. The results showed that completely filled composite components with good mechanical properties can be produced by infiltrating ceramic preforms with a semi-solid aluminium alloy.
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Dzurňák, Róbert, Augustin Varga, Gustáv Jablonský, Miroslav Variny, Réne Atyafi, Ladislav Lukáč, Marcel Pástor, and Ján Kizek. "Influence of Air Infiltration on Combustion Process Changes in a Rotary Tilting Furnace." Processes 8, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101292.

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Air infiltration into the combustion chambers of industrial furnaces is an unwanted phenomenon causing loss of thermal efficiency, fuel consumption increase, and the subsequent increase in operating costs. In this study, a novel design for a rotary tilting furnace door with improved construction features is proposed and tested experimentally in a laboratory-scale furnace, aimed at air infiltration rate reduction by decreasing the gap width between the static furnace door and the rotating body. Temperatures in the combustion chamber and oxygen content in the dry flue gas were measured to document changes in the combustion process with the varying gap width. Volumetric flow values of infiltrating air calculated based on measured data agree well with results of numerical simulations performed in ANSYS and with the reference calculation procedure used in relevant literature. An achievable air infiltration reduction of up to 50% translates into fuel savings of around 1.79 to 12% of total natural gas consumption of the laboratory-scale furnace. The average natural gas consumption increase of around 1.6% due to air infiltration into industrial-scale furnaces can thus likewise be halved, representing fuel savings of almost 0.3 m3 per ton of charge.
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Zhang, Gui-rong, Ya-jun Qian, Zhang-chun Wang, and Bo Zhao. "Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration Law in Unsaturated Soil Slope." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/567250.

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In the study of unsaturated soil slope stability under rainfall infiltration, it is worth continuing to explore how much rainfall infiltrates into the slope in a rain process, and the amount of rainfall infiltrating into slope is the important factor influencing the stability. Therefore, rainfall infiltration capacity is an important issue of unsaturated seepage analysis for slope. On the basis of previous studies, rainfall infiltration law of unsaturated soil slope is analyzed. Considering the characteristics of slope and rainfall, the key factors affecting rainfall infiltration of slope, including hydraulic properties, water storage capacityθs−θr, soil types, rainfall intensities, and antecedent and subsequent infiltration rates on unsaturated soil slope, are discussed by using theory analysis and numerical simulation technology. Based on critical factors changing, this paper presents three calculation models of rainfall infiltrability for unsaturated slope, including (1) infiltration model considering rainfall intensity; (2) effective rainfall model considering antecedent rainfall; (3) infiltration model considering comprehensive factors. Based on the technology of system response, the relationship of rainfall and infiltration is described, and the prototype of regression model of rainfall infiltration is given, in order to determine the amount of rain penetration during a rain process.
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VESNIN, Vladimir I. "AIR INFILTRATION AND ROOM HEAT LOSS THROUGH WINDOW OPENINGS." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.03.2.

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The research of cooling processes of a building, when heating system is operating in discontinuous mode, is carried out. Factors affecting temperature decrease rate are analyzed. Influence of cold air infiltration on heat exchange processes is shown. Methods of aerodynamic calculations of natural ventilation are specified. Method of pressure determination in-building, taking into account infiltrative air hydraulic loss, is proposed. Cooling process with air infiltration is calculated. Infiltration increases clinograde by 0.4-1°C per hour. Existing materials of heat transfer resistance through fiberglass windows constructions are compiled. Practical proposals for reducing of air infiltration and heat loss through openings are made.
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Дисертації з теми "Infiltration process"

1

Dopler, Thomas. "Low pressure infiltration process modeling." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0673.

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Les composites à matrice métallique, une matrice métalliquerenforcée par des fibres ou particlues céramiques, constituent un solution élegante pour obtenir des materiaux à propriétés mécaniques, de résistance à l'usure et à la fatigue exceptionnelles. Leurs applications sonts pour le moment limitées, moins à cause de leur coût, mais plutôt à cause des problème liés à la reproductibilité et à la dispertionde leurs propriétés. Le travail présent contribue au développement d'un code de simulation capable de prédire la cinétique d'infiltration pendant l'infiltration sous pression. Pour la première fois l'écoulement non saturé et le transfert de chaleur incluant la solidification sont traités d'une façon simultanée.
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2

Wang, Xuelei. "Level set model of microstructure evolution in the chemical vapor infiltration process." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29845.

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Wannasin, Jessada 1977. "Centrifugal infiltration of particulate metal matrix composites : process development and fundamental studies/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32267.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-125).
A high-pressure liquid infiltration process utilizing centrifugal force was designed and laboratory equipment developed. In this process, a mold containing reinforcing materials was located at the end of an elongated runner, which was filled with a molten metal. Rotation of the runner created centrifugal force driving infiltration. To obtain high pressures, the metal head was controlled to be long and constant throughout the process. Threshold pressures required for infiltration of several packed ceramic powders were determined using the laboratory equipment built. Achievable pressures were up to 150 atm for Sn-15 wt% Pb. The pressures allowed SiC, TiC, and A1203 powders ranging in sizes from 25 [mu]m to 300 [mu]m, packed to a high volume fraction, to be infiltrated by Sn-15 wt% Pb. Threshold pressure results obtained agree well with experimental results previously reported, and with calculated values. Observations of the resulting composite structures showed layering and porosity defects. Layering defects, but no porosity defects, were observed in the composite samples containing coarse powders. In contrast, the composites containing fine powders possess porosity defects, but not layering defects. The layering defect was attributed to the depacking mechanism of the powders during the cold pressing process. The porosity defect was attributed to insufficient applied pressures. A new packing process was proposed to avoid layering in coarse powders. Macrosegregation and microsegregation were limited in all samples. The interparticle spacings of these composites were smaller than the dendrite arm spacing would have been at equivalent cooling rates; thus, dendrite formation and microsegregation were effectively suppressed.
(cont.) Commercial viability of the process was assessed. Results show that the centrifugal infiltration process has several attributes, including a higher production rate and larger part size when compared with gas pressure infiltration and a wider variety of part geometry, part sizes, and materials systems capable of being produced when compared with squeeze casting. A feasibility study shows that an industrial-scale centrifuge would be able to fabricate aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs) containing both coarse and fine reinforcements at a high volume fraction. The process should also be scalable to higher melting point MMCs.
by Jessada Wannasin.
Ph.D.
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4

Vaidyaraman, Sundararaman. "Carbon/carbon composites by forced flow-thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (FCVI) process." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10028.

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5

Hammond, Vincent H. "Verification of a two-dimensional infiltration model for the resin transfer molding process." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41537.

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A two-dimensional fmite element model for the infiltration of a dry textile preform by an injected resin has been verified. The model, which is based on the finite element/control volume technique, determines the total infiltration time and the pressure increase at the mold inlet associated with the RTM process. Important input data for the model are the compaction and permeability behavior of the preform along with the kinetic and rheological behavior of the resin.

The compaction behavior for several textile preforms was determined by experimental methods. A power law regression model was used to relate fiber volume fraction to the applied compaction pressure. Results showed a large increase in fiber volume fraction with the initial application of pressure. However, as the maximum fiber volume fraction was approached, the amount of compaction pressure required to decrease the porosity of the preform rapidly increased.

Similarly, a power law regression model was used to relate permeability to the fiber volume fraction of the preform. Two methods were used to measure the permeability of the textile preform. The first, known as the steady state method, measures the permeability of a saturated preform under constant flow rate conditions. The second, denoted the advancing front method, determines the permeability of a dry preform to an infiltrating fluid. Water, corn oil, and an epoxy resin, Epon 815, were used to determine the effect of fluid type and viscosity on the steady state permeability behavior of the preform. Permeability values measured with the different fluids showed that fluid viscosity had no influence on the permeability behavior of 162 E-glass and TTI IM7/8HS preforms.

Permeabilities measured from steady state and advancing front experiments for the warp direction of 162 E-glass fabric were similar. This behavior was noticed for tests conducted with corn oil and Epon 815. Comparable behavior was observed for the warp direction of the TTl 1M7/8HS preform and corn oil.

Fluid/fiber interaction was measured through the use of the single fiber pull-out test. The surface tension of both the corn oil and Epon 815 was determined. The contact angle between these two fluids and glass and carbon fibers was also measured. These tests indicated that the glass fiber had a lower contact angle than the carbon fiber and therefore is wet out better than the carbon fiber by both fluids. This result is attributed to the sizing commonly used on the carbon fibers.

Mold filling and flow visualization experiments were performed to verify the analytical computer model. Frequency dependent electromagnetic sensors were used to monitor the resin flow front as a function of time. For the flow visualization tests, a video camera and high resolution tape recorder were used to record the experimental flow fronts. Comparisons between experimental and model predicted flow fronts agreed well for all tests. For the mold filling tests conducted at constant flow rate injection, the model was able to accurately predict the pressure increase at the mold inlet during the infiltration process. A kinetics model developed to predict the degree of cure as a function of time for the injected resin accurately calculated the increase in the degree of cure during the subsequent cure cycle.
Master of Science

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Weideman, Mark H. "An infiltration/cure model for manufacture of fabric composites by the resin infusion process." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040744/.

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Renier, Mark C. "Equipment and process development for fabrication of rhenium-based composites by chemical vapor infiltration." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18915.

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Barradas, Martinez Juan Alfredo 1974. "Process-based cost modeling of tool-steels parts by transient liquid-phase infiltration of powder-metal preforms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28869.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).
(cont.) cost between these two processes was related mainly to their powder scrap rates, 15 % for the Pressing-TLI and 80% for the 3DP-TLI. The high scrap rate value of the 3DP process originates from the fact that powder is sieved before printing, eliminating the coarse and very fine particles. A possible option to decrease this value is to recycle or sell the extra powder, which will reduce the fabrication cost significantly. The model also shows that the main cost for both processes is the powder cost. TLI technical parameters such as heating and cooling rates were included in the model in order to predict the cost behavior when those are manipulated. Because the powder cost dominates the total fabrication cost, variations in the heating and cooling rates do not significantly affect the cost.
Tool steels are iron-based alloys that are melted and processed to develop characteristics useful in the working and shaping of other metals. Tools for such processes must withstand high loads without breaking and without undergoing excessive wear or deformation. Fabrication of direct tool steel parts with complex geometry is possible using Transient Liquid-Phase Infiltration (TLI) in conjunction with Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP). Tool steel parts can also be manufactured using TLI in combination with Cold Powder Methods such as Uniaxial Pressing. Both approaches produce a final part of homogenous composition without significant dimensional change, offering advantages over-traditional infiltration and full-density sintering [1]. Now that the expertise in the TLI has been developed in the MIT laboratories, an economic evaluation represents a complementary action for introducing TLI in the commercial market of Rapid Prototyping and Powder Metallurgy. A process-based cost model was developed to describe and measure the performance of the 3DP-TLI and Pressing-TLI combined processes. Operating conditions such as cycle time, material cost, labor cost, production volume and financial parameters were introduced into the model in order to calculate a total fabrication cost per part. Different charts showing cost behaviors and their relations with production volume, batch size, effectiveness in the powder utilization, and weight of the part are presented. The results show that the optimum point in the cost-production volume curve was located at 13,000 parts per year with a fabrication cost of $19.90 per part, for the Pressing-TLI case, and $61.73 per part for the 3DP-TLI alternative (based on a one-half pound D2 tool steel part). The difference in cost
by Juan Alfredo Barradas Martinez.
M.Eng.
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馬, 賢鎬, Hyun-Ho MA, 法美 水谷, Norimi MIZUTANI, 周. 江口 та Shu EGUCHI. "礫浜斜面上の流速場と漂砂移動機構に関する研究". 土木学会, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8607.

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Kütemeyer, Marius [Verfasser], and D. [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch. "Development of Ultra High Temperature Matrix Composites using a Reactive Melt Infiltration Process / Marius Kütemeyer ; Betreuer: D. Koch." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230475699/34.

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Книги з теми "Infiltration process"

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1968-, Hammond Vincent H., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Verification of a two-dimensional infiltration model for the resin transfer molding process. Blacksburg, Va: Center for Composite Materials, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, 1993.

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1968-, Hammond Vincent H., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Verification of a two-dimensional infiltration model for the resin transfer molding process. Blacksburg, Va: Center for Composite Materials, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, 1993.

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3

Center for Environmental Research Information (U.S.), United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Program Operations, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development, eds. Process design manual for land treatment of municipal wastewater: Supplement on rapid infiltration and overland flow. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Research Information, 1985.

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4

King, R. B. Overview and bibliography of methods for evaluating the surface-water-infiltration component of the rainfall-runoff process. Urbana, Ill: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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5

King, R. B. Overview and bibliography of methods for evaluating the surface-water-infiltration component of the rainfall-runoff process. Urbana, Ill: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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6

King, R. B. Overview and bibliography of methods for evaluating the surface-water-infiltration component of the rainfall-runoff process. Urbana, Ill: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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7

author, Stinnett Melanie Wachtell, ed. Captured: The corporate infiltration of American democracy. The New Press, 2017.

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8

Verification of a two-dimensional infiltration model for the resin transfer molding process. Blacksburg, Va: Center for Composite Materials, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, 1993.

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9

An Infiltration/cure model for manufacture of fabric composites by the resin infusion process. Blacksburg, Va: College of Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992.

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10

Grundy, Seamus. Pleural effusion. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0019.

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Pleural effusion is a common clinical problem which can present both to primary and secondary care. The process by which fluid accumulates can be divided into transudative or exudative. Transudative effusions occur in the presence of normal pleura and are caused by increased oncotic or hydrostatic pressures. Exudative effusions are associated with abnormal pleura and are caused either by increased pleural fluid production due to local inflammation or infiltration or by decreased fluid removal which is caused by obstruction of the lymphatic drainage system. Patients may be entirely asymptomatic or they may present with breathlessness, particularly if the effusion is large. Other symptoms include a cough and systemic symptoms such as weight loss, anorexia, and fever. Chest pain is suggestive of inflammation/infiltration of the parietal pleura and points towards malignancy or empyema. This chapter describes the assessment and diagnosis of the patient with pleural effusion.
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Частини книг з теми "Infiltration process"

1

Chiodi, M., and M. Valle. "Fast Infiltration Process for In-Line Continuous Siliconization." In Developments in Strategic Materials and Computational Design V, 201–10. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119040293.ch17.

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Su, Li Zheng, Le Hua Qi, Ji Ming Zhou, Yu Shan Wang, and Fang Yang. "Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer of the Infiltration in Liquid Infiltration Extrusion Process." In Materials Science Forum, 953–56. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-421-9.953.

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Garzón, Edwin Ocaña, Jorge Lino Alves, and Rui J. Neto. "Post-process Influence of Infiltration on Binder Jetting Technology." In Advanced Structured Materials, 233–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50784-2_19.

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Kobayashi, Yoshihiro, Makoto Kobashi, and Naoyuki Kanetake. "Fabrication of Oxide Ceramics Composite by Reactive Infiltration Process." In Advanced Materials Research, 321–24. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-463-4.321.

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Yin, Fa Zhang, Cheng Chang Jia, Xuezhen Mei, Bin Ye, Yanlei Ping, and Xuan Hui Qu. "Manufacture of Al/SiC Composites by Pressure Infiltration Process." In Materials Science Forum, 913–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.913.

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van Beek, L. P. H., and Th W. J. van Asch. "A combined conceptual model for the effects of fissure-induced infiltration on slope stability." In Process Modelling and Landform Evolution, 147–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0009724.

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Lee, S. P., Y. Katoh, and A. Kohyama. "Development of SiCf /SiC Composites by the Melt Infiltration Process." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 115–22. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118406014.ch10.

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Wang, Bo, and Krishna M. Pillai. "Numerical Simulation of Pressure Infiltration Process for Making Metal Matrix Composites: Effect of Process Parameters." In Supplemental Proceedings, 823–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118356074.ch103.

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Roder, Kristina, Andreas Todt, Daisy Nestler, and Bernhard Wielage. "Evaluation of Different Carbon Precursors for the Liquid Silicon Infiltration Process." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 409–15. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118932995.ch44.

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Todisco, Francesca, Lorenzo Vergni, and Rita Ceppitelli. "Conceptual Interpretation of Infiltration Under Sealing Process by Membrane Fouling Models." In AIIA 2022: Biosystems Engineering Towards the Green Deal, 191–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30329-6_20.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Infiltration process"

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Okumiya, Masahiro, Koichiro Nambu, Sou Mizutani, Kaname Ito, Makoto Fujita, Masashi Yoshida, and Junji Miyamoto. "Improvement of Mechanical Properties by Austenitic Nitriding and Quenching." In IFHTSE 2024, 84–88. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ifhtse2024p0084.

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Abstract Gas carburizing with quenching is one of the most useful heat treatment processes for steel parts. However, after quenching distortion is still occurs. The nitriding and nitrocarburizing are the surface hardening heat treatment methods with low distortion, but these methods require the long treating time to obtain a thick hardened layer. Austenitic nitriding and quenching (ANQ) solves these problems. In ANQ process, nitrogen is infiltrated into the steel parts in austenite phase, and they are quenched to harden. The ANQ process can also be applied to cheap low carbon steel such as the Cold Rolled Carbon Steel Sheet. In this study, the effect of ANQ on mechanical properties was examined. For infiltrating the nitrogen into the steel parts, the steel parts were heating to 750°C or higher in an ammonia atmosphere and heating to 750°C or higher in a nitrogen glow discharge. After the ANQ process, hardness profiles, structure, nitrogen and carbon concentration profiles were observed. Also, distortion, tribological properties, impact value and fatigue strength were examined. The effective case depth, which is treated by ANQ, is larger than the effective case depth of gas nitrocarburizing for same period of time. Distortion of ANQ is much smaller than that of gas carbonitriding, and it is almost equal with that of gas nitrocarburizing. The seizure load is same as with other surface hardening heat treatment processes. The wear loss of ANQ is a lower, in the amount of about 1/2 that of the carbonitrided specimen and 1/3 that of the gas nitrocarburized specimen. The ANQ is an effective heat treatment process for parts which require wear resistance. The tempering softening resistance is improved by nitrogen infiltration. ANQ also improves the impact value and fatigue strength.
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Baukal, Charles E., and Wesley R. Bussman. "Process Heater Air Infiltration." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39988.

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Process heaters are among the largest energy consumers in industry. Many of them were built years ago and often are not well sealed which leads to excessive air infiltration. Air leaks may be caused by cracks in the wall, by sight ports that are not properly sealed or may even be left open, failure to close air registers for burners that are out of service, improper sealing of penetrations through the heater walls, and by excessive draft levels in the heater. These leaks reduce energy efficiency and indirectly increase pollution emissions as more fuel must be consumed for a given production rate. Leaks may also directly cause NOx emissions to increase due to increased excess oxygen. Excessive air leakage can indirectly cause process burners to operate improperly. The excess oxygen level in a heater is normally controlled to a certain target value, typically about 2–3% by volume for gaseous fuels. Process burners are designed assuming that all of the air for combustion goes through the burner. However, if a significant amount of air is leaking into a heater, the measured excess oxygen level may be on target but not enough of the air is coming through the burner which can adversely affect performance. The flame length may be dramatically increased as the flame searches for air to complete combustion which often causes flame impingement on process tubes. The heat flux distribution may be shifted as the flame length increases. The flames may even become unstable if they are sufficiently starved for air. The draft level in a heater varies with elevation which means that air infiltration depends not only on the size of the leak opening, but also on its location. This paper will include an analysis of how excess air infiltration affects thermal efficiency and how the location of the leak and the heater draft level affect the amount of air infiltration. The impact of air infiltration on burner performance will be discussed. Techniques will be recommended for detecting air leaks and how to correct them.
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Ecker, Lynne, Jacopo Saccheri, Biays Bowerman, James Ablett, Laurence Milian, Jay Adams, Hans Ludwig, and Michael Todosow. "An Infiltration Manufacturing Process for Nuclear Fuels." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58204.

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The Infiltrated Kernel Nuclear Fuel (IKNF) process deposits nuclear fuel into the naturally occurring porosity in graphite. IKNF consists of infiltrating uranyl nitrate dissolved in an organic solvent into the graphite and then heat-treating the sample at low (<300°C) temperatures to remove the solvent and convert the uranyl nitrate to UO2. Complete conversion to UC2 can then be accomplished by heating to temperatures higher than 3000°C. IKNF is extremely flexible: it is appropriate for very high temperature applications and heating the infiltrated product to intermediate temperatures (higher than 900°C) produces nuclear fuel with a range of chemistries in the U-C-O system (similar to the current US TRISO fuel). It is probable that the process can also be used to produce fuel containing transuranics. It is believed that IKNF will be less expensive, more robust and more suitable for on-line quality monitoring than current fuel fabrication method. Graphite infiltration involves a few, easily measurable and controllable variables. It is reproducible and predictable.
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Kuraz, Michal. "Inverse modeling of soil infiltration process." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4992448.

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James, Sagil, and Cristian Navarro. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanoparticle Infiltration During Binder Jet Printing Additive Manufacturing Process: A Preliminary Study." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2872.

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Abstract Binder Jetting Process involves binding layers of powder material through selective deposition of a liquid binder. Binder jetting is a fast and relatively inexpensive process which does not require a high-powered energy source for printing purpose. Additionally, the binder jetting process is capable of producing parts with extreme complexities without using any support structures. These characteristics make binder jetting an ideal choice for several applications including aerospace, biomedical, energy, and several other industries. However, a significant limitation of binder jetting process is its inability to produce printed parts with full density thereby resulting in highly porous structures. A possible solution to overcome the porosity problems is to infiltrate the printed structures with low-melting nanoparticles. The infiltrating nanoparticles help fill up the voids to densify the printed parts and also aids in the sintering of the printed green parts. In addition to increasing the density, the nanoparticle infiltration also helps improve the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of the printed part along with bringing multi-functionality aspect. Currently, there is a lack of clarity of the nanoparticle infiltration process performed to improve the quality of parts fabricated through binder jetting. This research employs Molecular Dynamics simulation techniques to investigate the nanoparticle infiltration during binder jetting additive manufacturing process. The simulation is performed at different operating temperatures of 1400 K, 1500 K, and 1600 K. The study found that the infiltration process is significantly affected by the operating temperature. The infiltration height is found to be highest at the operating temperature of 1600 K while the porosity reduction is found to be maximum at 1500 K. The infiltration kinetics is affected by the cohesion of the nanoparticles causing blockage of channels at higher operating temperatures. The simulation model is validated by comparing with the Lucas-Washburn infiltration model. It is seen that the simulation model deviates from the theoretical prediction suggesting that multiple mechanisms are driving the infiltration process at the nanoscale.
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Wang, Xiao, Yongtu Liang, Shengli Liu, and Mengyu Wu. "Analysis of Products Pipeline Accident Infiltration Process in Surface Soil Condition." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93069.

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Abstract The most common way of transportation for refined oil is long-distance pipeline. Pipeline accidents occur frequently due to corrosion, equipment failure, external forces destruction. Aiming at predicting the contaminated area in soil caused by products pipeline accidents, this experimental study was conducted to examine the relationship between the light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) accumulative infiltrate volume and the time of infiltration process in homogeneous and layered soils. The soil’s hydraulic parameters were obtained by basic experiments and RETC software. Compared with traditional infiltration mathematical model, Green-Ampt model is the most common mathematical model to calculate the infiltration process in the unsaturated soil. In this study, a modified Green-Ampt model was developed to describe water and diesel infiltration through a 100-cm-long and layered soil column. In the modified Green-Ampt model, an infiltration reduction ratio was introduced to describe the effect of the hydraulic conductivity of the layered position. To evaluate the proposed method in the effect of the layers position infiltration permeability, eight constant water head layered column infiltration experiment were conducted to record the different infiltration fluid and different constant water head infiltration process. Compared the experiment results with traditional mathematical traditional Green-Ampt model (average R2 = 0.976) and Hydrus-1D software (average R2 = 0.988) The modified Green-Ampt model had relatively higher precision in accumulative infiltrate volume (average R2 = 0.992) and the wetting front velocity in infiltration process (average R2 = 0.997). Thus, the modified mathematical model was applied an effective upscaling scheme in layered formations. The experimental result also demonstrated that soil layering affected the infiltration process. With the increase of soil depth and density, the infiltration speed of the layered soil column decreased. Additionally, the infiltrate speed of wetting front decreases slowly at the layered surface. The experiment’s fitting results showed that the modified mathematical model about infiltrate time and liquid contaminant accumulative infiltrate volume, wetting front infiltrate velocity can highly effective approach to simulate water and light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) infiltration process in layered soils.
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Ilegbusi, Olusegun J., and Jijin Yang. "Effect of Si-Al Alloy on Kinetics of Reaction-Bonded SiC Infiltration Process." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1255.

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Abstract The kinetics of reaction-bonded SiC infiltration process utilizing Si-Al matrix has been investigated theoretically using a modified Washburn model. The effect of alloy composition and temperature on infiltration has been quantified. The resulting characteristics depend on alloy composition of the secondary metallic phase. Specifically, aluminum generally suppresses the infiltration rate. Increasing the temperature enhances both the infiltration capacity and reaction rate.
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Przesmycki, Rafal, Marek Bugaj, and Marian Wnuk. "Multimedia Projector in the Process of Electromagnetic Infiltration." In 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers-spring46901.2019.9017388.

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Morris, Charles D., and Kurtis Eisenbath. "Modeling Infiltration / Inflow Using a Disaggregated Stochastic Process." In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)126.

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Przesmycki, Rafal. "RS232 interface in the process of electromagnetic infiltration." In 2017 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - FALL). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers-fall.2017.8293162.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Infiltration process"

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Guan, Jiajing, Sophia Bragdon, and Jay Clausen. Predicting soil moisture content using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48794.

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Environmental conditions such as the near-surface soil moisture content are valuable information in object detection problems. However, such information is generally unobtainable at the necessary scale without active sensing. Richards’ equation is a partial differential equation (PDE) that describes the infiltration process of unsaturated soil. Solving the Richards’ equation yields information about the volumetric soil moisture content, hydraulic conductivity, and capillary pressure head. However, Richards’ equation is difficult to approximate due to its nonlinearity. Numerical solvers such as finite difference method (FDM) and finite element method (FEM) are conventional in approximating solutions to Richards’ equation. But such numerical solvers are time-consuming when used in real-time. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are neural networks relying on physical equations in approximating solutions. Once trained, these networks can output approximations in a speedy manner. Thus, PINNs have attracted massive attention in the numerical PDE community. This project aims to apply PINNs to the Richards’ equation to predict underground soil moisture content under known precipitation data.
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Criner, Nichole Marie, Manuel Salmeron, Xin Zhang, Shirley J. Dyke, Julio A. Ramirez, and Benjamin Eric Wogen. Predictive Analytics for Quantifying the Long-Term Costs of Defects During Bridge Construction. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317615.

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During the lifecycle of a bridge, deterioration of the concrete deck originates from many sources, e.g., corrosion due to water infiltration in conjunction with chlorides from the use of de-icing salts. Such deterioration may be affected by any one of the following six actions relevant to a bridge from conception to demolition: design, construction, in-service conditions, maintenance, repair and rehabilitation, and replacement. Many researchers have studied the relationships between these sources and their consequences. However, the relationship between construction defects and inspection practices, and its impact on the deterioration process has not yet been identified. This project focuses on the development of predictive models to assess the impact that defects present during concrete bridge deck construction may have on the lifecycle performance of the bridge deck in terms of the chemical and environmental deterioration relevant to Indiana. Based on the relevant cost information from the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT), a methodology is developed here to determine the potential costs associated with this deterioration. Recommendations relevant to construction and inspection and data collection practices are discussed to improve future bridge construction and inspection practices. The models and methods developed in this work will enable INDOT to better predict the accelerated deterioration of a concrete deck when a construction defect has been identified and the associated additional cost.
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Flint, L. E., and A. L. Flint. Shallow infiltration processes at Yucca Mountain, Nevada - neutron logging data 1984-93. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/123208.

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Flint, L. E., and A. L. Flint. Shallow infiltration processes at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Neutron logging data 1984--1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/207604.

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Pruess, K. Analysis of flow processes during TCE infiltration in heterogeneous soils at the Savannah River Site, Aiken, South Carolina. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10161637.

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GLASS, JR, ROBERT J., and M. J. NICHOLL. Field Investigation of Flow Processes Associated with Infiltration into an Initially Dry Fracture Network at Fran Ridge, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: A Photo Essay and Data Summary. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809983.

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Wieting, Celeste, Sara Rathburn, and John Kemper. Evaluation of gully erosion for archaeological preservation in Wupatki National Monument. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302447.

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Wupatki National Monument contains an abundance of prehistoric and historic archaeological sites that are vulnerable to gully erosion from heavy sporadic rainstorms. Increased erosional risks are predicted as more extreme weather causes frequent or intense rainfall, flooding, and gullying. At Wupatki National Monument, gullies generally form on hillslopes within volcanic-derived cinders that are ubiquitous across the landscape and are unconsolidated, non-cohesive, highly mobile, and permeable. Lithological differences between volcanic cinders and underlying sedimentary rocks, and surface runoff influence the progression of gully erosion near archaeological sites. We assessed gullies based on changes in gully morphology and categorized archaeological sites based on vulnerability from erosion and runoff processes. We found that 35 measured gullies are actively eroding, with statistically significant changes in gully depth from 2016 to 2021. Up to 0.5 m of incision was documented over a five-year period. A structure from motion analysis at the hillslope scale confirmed gully morphological changes and supports the applicability of conducting similar analyses on a larger scale. More erosion occurred in gullies with catchments predominantly covered with cinders because of cinder mobility. We noted a weak relationship between gully catchment area and gully head slope, likely related to runoff processes from outcrops of resistant sedimentary rocks forming cliffs and characteristics of cinders that maximize infiltration and transport. Based on our assessment of gully morphologic change and substrate characteristics, 22 archaeological sites along Wupatki Wash were identified as having a high vulnerability to erosion, helping monument managers to prioritize their monitoring initiatives.
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Lawrence, David, Mike Tercek, Amber Runyon, and Jeneva Wright. Historical and projected climate change for Grand Canyon National Park and surrounding areas. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301726.

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Globally, anthropogenic climate change is one of the greatest threats to resources in protected areas. This report examines historical and projected climate change across the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape (GGCL), including Grand Canyon National Park. Grand Canyon National Park warmed significantly from 1895-2020 (annual mean increase of 1.89? F/century), with temperatures increasing at a faster rate from 1970-2020 (6.31? F/century). Warming occurred at all elevations and seasons across the GGCL, but rates differed spatially. Average annual total precipitation within Grand Canyon National Park did not change significantly over either period examined (1895-2020; 1970-2020). A variety of changes in the region of Grand Canyon National Park have been detected and attributed, at least in part, to anthropogenic climate change, including reduced soil moisture (and associated drought), reduced Colorado River flow, doubling of the area burned by wildfire across the western United States, reduced regeneration of low-elevation ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir as well as pinyon pine and juniper populations, northward shifts in many bird species distributions and declines of bird species occupancy in the Mojave Desert, and reduced bumble bee species richness and abundance (key pollinators). To help managers understand and plan around a range of plausible future climates, we present two plausible but contrasting climate futures for the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape, characterized at mid-century (2040-2069) and late-century (2070-2099). Examining multiple plausible futures avoids over-optimizing management strategies for a single projected future that may not occur. Overarching patterns that emerged from both climate futures include additional warming (average, as well as extreme temperatures), seasonal increases in extreme precipitation events, fewer freezing days and days with snow, and higher moisture deficit (a correlate with landscape dryness, conditions conducive to fire, and vegetation stress). The selected climate futures differed in terms of 1) the degree of warming, 2) whether winter precipitation increases or decreases, 3) whether annual precipitation increases or stays similar, 4) whether drought conditions increase or decrease, and 5) whether runoff increases or decreases. Runoff is projected to occur earlier under both climate futures and is projected to exhibit a more episodic pattern. Based on a literature review, projected changes to the physical, ecological, and cultural resource domains of the region resulting from anthropogenic climate change include: ? Increasing drought risk and aridification ? Reduced Colorado River flow ? Reduced groundwater infiltration ? Decreasing runoff (from snow or rain) in the spring, summer, and fall, and increasing runoff in the winter ? Increasing occurrence of large fires ? Increasing invasive grasses in the Mojave Desert ecosystems west of the park, providing more fuel for wildfire ? Exacerbated post-fire erosion and sediment in Grand Canyon watersheds ? Increased episodes of drought-induced tree mortality ? Upslope shifts of the elevational zones of pinyon-juniper woodland, ponderosa pine forest, and spruce-fir forest, as well as increases in non-forest areas and aboveground biomass declines ? Reduced abundance of riparian vegetation that tolerates water inundation ? Increasing invasive plant distribution and abundance, favoring their establishment and productivity ? Colonization of the GGCL by some bird species and extirpation of others ? Increasing non-native fish populations relative to native fishes ? Declining butterfly populations ? Increasing temperatures will increase visitation, especially during winter and shoulder seasons ? Exacerbation of existing threats to archeological resources, cultural landscapes, and historic structures, as well as emergent vulnerabilities related to climate change One goal of this work is to support the Resource Stewardship Strategy (RSS) process that Grand Canyon National Park plans to undertake. We anticipate that connecting the climate changes described here to the climate sensitivities of resources within the park will play a critical role in setting goals and strategies during development of the RSS, as well as proactively adapting to anticipated changes.
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Zhang, Renduo, and David Russo. Scale-dependency and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587220.bard.

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Water resources assessment and protection requires quantitative descriptions of field-scale water flow and contaminant transport through the subsurface, which, in turn, require reliable information about soil hydraulic properties. However, much is still unknown concerning hydraulic properties and flow behavior in heterogeneous soils. Especially, relationships of hydraulic properties changing with measured scales are poorly understood. Soil hydraulic properties are usually measured at a small scale and used for quantifying flow and transport in large scales, which causes misleading results. Therefore, determination of scale-dependent and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties provides the essential information for quantifying water flow and chemical transport through the subsurface, which are the key processes for detection of potential agricultural/industrial contaminants, reduction of agricultural chemical movement, improvement of soil and water quality, and increase of agricultural productivity. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales at large fields; 2. to develop scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties; and 3. to determine spatial variability and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties as a function of measurement scales. The US investigators conducted field and lab experiments to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales. Based on the field and lab experiments, a well-structured database of soil physical and hydraulic properties was developed. The database was used to study scale-dependency, spatial variability, and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties. An improved method was developed for calculating hydraulic properties based on infiltration data from the disc infiltrometer. Compared with the other methods, the proposed method provided more accurate and stable estimations of the hydraulic conductivity and macroscopic capillary length, using infiltration data collected atshort experiment periods. We also developed scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties using the fractal and geostatistical characterization. The research effort of the Israeli research team concentrates on tasks along the second objective. The main accomplishment of this effort is that we succeed to derive first-order, upscaled (block effective) conductivity tensor, K'ᵢⱼ, and time-dependent dispersion tensor, D'ᵢⱼ, i,j=1,2,3, for steady-state flow in three-dimensional, partially saturated, heterogeneous formations, for length-scales comparable with those of the formation heterogeneity. Numerical simulations designed to test the applicability of the upscaling methodology to more general situations involving complex, transient flow regimes originating from periodic rain/irrigation events and water uptake by plant roots suggested that even in this complicated case, the upscaling methodology essentially compensated for the loss of sub-grid-scale variations of the velocity field caused by coarse discretization of the flow domain. These results have significant implications with respect to the development of field-scale solute transport models capable of simulating complex real-world scenarios in the subsurface, and, in turn, are essential for the assessment of the threat posed by contamination from agricultural and/or industrial sources.
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Overview and bibliography of methods for evaluating the surface-water infiltration component of the rainfall-runoff process. US Geological Survey, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri924095.

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