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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Industrial water supply Victoria"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Industrial water supply Victoria"

Склярова, Е. К. "LIVERPOOL IN VICTORIAN DOMESTIC POLITICS." Британские исследования, no. VII(VII) (June 1, 2022): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.vii.vii.001.

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В статье рассматриваются особенности социального развития Ливерпуля в контексте его роли во внутренней политике Великобритании в эпоху королевы Виктории. Крупнейший город и порт Соединённого Королевства Великобритании и Ирландии одним из первых ощутил на себе все негативные последствия промышленного переворота, урбанизации и миграции населения. Как и многие другие города Великобритании, Ливерпуль фигурировал в прессе, медицинских, статистических и парламентских отчётах, как город подвалов, центр массовой миграции, трущоб, высокой смертности населения, отсутствия санитарно-технических норм и антисанитарии. Парламентские расследования и пресса указали на Ливерпуль, а также Вулверхемптон, Глазго, Дублин, Лидс, Лондон, Манчестер, Шеффилд, как города, где необходимо первоочередное проведение социальных реформ. В середине XIX в. в эпоху королевы Виктории Ливерпуль израсходовал значительные суммы денег на решение проблемы антисанитарии, уборки и мощения города, водоснабжения и освещения, жилищную реформу, организацию прачечных, общественных бань, библиотек, парков. Пионерами муниципализации и здравоохранения Ливерпуля стали — доктор Уильям Данкен, С. Хольм, Дж. Тинн. До введения общегосударственного Закона об обеспечении общественного здравоохранения 1848 г., Ливерпуль инициировал институт инспекции и санитарных врачей, жилищную реформу, систематическое вмешательство государства в решение социальных проблем. The article examines the features of Liverpool's social development in the context of its role in the domestic politics of Great Britain in the era of Queen Victoria. The largest city and port of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was one of the first to feel all the negative consequences of the industrial revolution, urbanization and population migration. Like many other cities in the UK, Liverpool appeared in the press, medical, statistical and parliamentary reports as a city of basements, a center of mass migration, slums, high mortality, lack of sanitary standards and unsanitary conditions. Parliamentary investigations and the press have pointed to Liverpool, as well as WolverHampton, Glasgow, Dublin, Leeds, London, Manchester, Sheffield, as cities where social reforms are needed as a priority. In the middle of the XIX century in the era of Queen Victoria, Liverpool spent significant amounts of money on solving the problem of unsanitary conditions, cleaning and paving the city, water supply and lighting, housing reform, the organization of laundries, public baths, libraries, and parks. The pioneers of municipalization and health care in Liverpool were Dr. William Duncan, S. Holm, J. Thinn. Prior to the introduction of the National Public Health Law of 1848, Liverpool initiated the Institute of inspection and sanitary doctors, housing reform, and systematic state intervention in solving social problems.

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Harper, B. C. S. "The 1862 gold fields water supply scheme: Victoria, Australia." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering History and Heritage 163, no. 3 (August 2010): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ehah.2010.163.3.169.

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Lennon, Jane, and Katie Davis. "Cultural landscape protection at Lake Victoria, a managed water supply." Landscape Research 45, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2019.1626356.

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Paterson, John. "Water Management and Recreational Values; Some Cases in Victoria, Australia." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0021.

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The growing recognition of recreational and amenity demands on water systems introduces a multitude of issues, many of them complex, to the established tasks of water quality management and water management generally. Victorian case studies are presented. They (1) illustrate the range and diversity of situations that can arise in managing competition and enhancing compatibility between traditional water supply objectives and recreational demands. (2) Fluctuation of storage levels, essential to storage operations, detract from recreational value. Recreational and tourism demands upon Lake Hume have grown to threaten traditional operating flexibility. (3) Mokoan is another such instance, but with its supply function in a state of flux, Lake Mokoan provides more scope for a shift in the balance. (4) Salinity management has become an issue in the management of lakes and wetlands when water supply interests and environmental/recreation interests respectively have different perspectives on salt disposal. (5) Recreational use of town supply sources has long been a vexed issue, although marked shifts in the attitudues of many supply authorities have occurred in recent years. (6) Eutrophication of lakes and estuaries raises difficult issues of responsibility and scientific uncertainty, and the water management connection may be tenuous but will attract public attention. (7) The water body attributes valued by specialised recreational interests require definition in terms that water managers can deal with using routine techniques of systems analysis and evaluation. (8) The demands of the fish population and anglers introduce a new perspective in river management and perceptions of instream values are changing markedly. (9) Direct costs of recreational services supplied by water authorities are not fully accounted: allocation choices and fiscal incidence will emerge as issues of significance. (10) These case studies raise only a fraction of the total range of matters that will, in the years to come, tax the technology and political skills of governments and management.

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ARAMINI, J. J., C. STEPHEN, J. P. DUBEY, C. ENGELSTOFT, H. SCHWANTJE, and C. S. RIBBLE. "Potential contamination of drinking water with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts." Epidemiology and Infection 122, no. 2 (April 1999): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899002113.

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The world's first documented toxoplasmosis outbreak associated with a municipal water supply was recognized in 1995 in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It was hypothesized that domestic cat (Felis catus) or cougar (Felis concolor) faeces contaminated a surface water reservoir with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. An extensive investigation of the Victoria watershed 1 year following the outbreak documented the presence of an endemic T. gondii cycle involving the animals inhabiting the area. Cats and cougars were observed throughout the watershed. Serological evidence of T. gondii infection was demonstrated among domestic cats living in the Victoria area. Cougars were found to shed T. gondii oocysts. Serological evidence of T. gondii infection in deer mice living in the riparian environments of the watershed suggested that T. gondii oocysts were being shed near the water edge. Contamination of Victoria's water supply with T. gondii oocysts potentially occurred during the study period and future waterborne toxoplasmosis outbreaks in this and other communities are possible.

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KIChIGIN, V. I., N. A. ATANOV, and N. E. ChISTYaKOV. "PRINCIPLES OF CIRCULATING AND ZERO DISCHARGE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 2 (July 15, 2011): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.02.16.

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Lace of direct flow and complex multistage purification systems, it is suggested that local water supply be used, with ample opportunity to recycle waste into end product or secondary raw material, thus making it costeffective by minimizing material and energy expenditures. It is also argued that industrial wastewater recycling at local facilities (depending on process water requirements) ought to be based on a combination of mechanic and chemical purification methods: thin-layer setting, electroflotocoagulation, coalescent filtering, moving bed filtering, sorptions, membrane filtering (ultra-, nano- or hyperfiltering), ion exchange, pH-correction, CO2 neutralization etc.

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Charles, Stephen P., Francis H. S. Chiew, Nicholas J. Potter, Hongxing Zheng, Guobin Fu, and Lu Zhang. "Impact of downscaled rainfall biases on projected runoff changes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 2981–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2981-2020.

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Abstract. Realistic projections of changes to daily rainfall frequency and magnitude, at catchment scales, are required to assess the potential impacts of climate change on regional water supply. We show that quantile–quantile mapping (QQM) bias-corrected daily rainfall from dynamically downscaled WRF simulations of current climate produce biased hydrological simulations, in a case study for the state of Victoria, Australia (237 629 km2). While the QQM bias correction can remove bias in daily rainfall distributions at each 10 km × 10 km grid point across Victoria, the GR4J rainfall–runoff model underestimates runoff when driven with QQM bias-corrected daily rainfall. We compare simulated runoff differences using bias-corrected and empirically scaled rainfall for several key water supply catchments across Victoria and discuss the implications for confidence in the magnitude of projected changes for mid-century. Our results highlight the imperative for methods that can correct for temporal and spatial biases in dynamically downscaled daily rainfall if they are to be suitable for hydrological projection.

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Graymore, Michelle, Anne Wallis, and Kevin O'Toole. "Understanding drivers and barriers: the key to water use behaviour change." Water Supply 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.125.

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In southwest Victoria, like many other regions in Australia, drought, climate change and population growth have exposed gaps in water supply. To develop effective demand management strategies for rural and regional areas, this paper investigates the drivers and barriers to water saving in southwest Victoria. Although the majority of people felt water saving was important, the drivers for water saving differed between different groups. Residential users were saving water for altruistic reasons, while for farmers the drivers were farm viability and productivity. Although the barriers differed between property types, common barriers included lack of understanding of the impact their water use has on supplies, lack of knowledge, the pricing system and distrust of the water authority. The findings provide information for effective demand management strategies for the region.

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Bolan, Nanthi S. "Water Encyclopedia: Domestic, Municipal, and Industrial Water Supply and Waste Disposal." Journal of Environmental Quality 37, no. 3 (May 2008): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0002br.

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Hurlimann, Anna C. "Water supply in regional Victoria Australia: A review of the water cartage industry and willingness to pay for recycled water." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 53, no. 5 (March 2009): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.12.005.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Industrial water supply Victoria"

Lan, Fujun. "Application of Optimization Techniques to Water Supply System Planning." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/323378.

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Water supply system planning is concerned about the design of water supply infrastructure for distributing water from sources to users. Population growth, economic development and diminishing freshwater supplies are posing growing challenges for water supply system planning in many urban areas. Besides the need to exploit alternative water sources to the conventional surface and groundwater supplies, such as reclaimed water, a systematic point of view has to be taken for the efficient management of all potential water resources, so that issues of water supply, storage, treatment and reuse are not considered separately, but rather in the context of their interactions. The focus of this dissertation is to develop mathematical models and optimization algorithms for water supply system planning, where the interaction of different system components is explicitly considered. A deterministic nonlinear programming model is proposed at first to decide pipe and pump sizes in a regional water supply system for satisfying given potable and non-potable user demands over a certain planning horizon. A branch-and-bound algorithm based on the reformulation-linearization technique is then developed for solving the model to global optimality. To handle uncertainty in the planning process, a stochastic programming (SP) model and a robust optimization (RO) model are successively proposed to deal with random water supply and demand and the risk of facility failure, respectively. Both models attempt to make the decision of building some additional treatment and recharge facilities for recycling wastewater on-the-site. While the objective of the SP model is to minimize the total system design and expected operation cost, the RO model tries to achieve a favorable trade-off between system cost and system robustness, where the system robustness is defined in terms of meeting given user demands against the worst-case failure mode. The Benders decomposition method is then applied for solving both models by exploiting their special structure.

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Landu, Landu. "Environmental life cycle assessment of water use in South Africa the Rosslyn industrial area as a case study /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04242006-153804.

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Santos, Carlos Lopes dos. "Tecnologias de reúso aplicadas ao abastecimento de água potável e industrial da Baixada Santista." Universidade de São Paulo, 1992. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-10012018-172016/.

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Nesta tese, é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica de reuso potável indireto e reuso industrial. Examina-se na prática dois estudos de caso, um de reuso industrial e um de reuso potável com aplicação para a Baixada Santista. O de reuso industrial refere-se ao projeto de fornecidmento de água oriunda da represa Billings, que com pequeno tratamento é oferecida às indústrias de Cubatão para fins não nobres como por exemplo, refrigeração, aquecimento a vapor, rega de jardins, abatimento de material particulado. etc. Quanto ao de reuso potável a apresentação se faz através de experimentos de laboratórios, examinando-se trihalometanos (THM) e o poder desinfetante de alguns produtos químicos após passagem da água por carvão ativado granular e outros tratamentos, e suas consequências na rede de abastecimento de água. Concluiu-se que o melhor ponto de instalação da captação para o abastecimento de água industrial fica entre os canais de fuga da usina Henry Borden, em Cubatão, por seu melhor desempenho econômico e pela possibilidade de atendimento no futuro a outras indústrias. Ainda, se comprovou a eficiência do carvão ativado granular na remoção dos precursores de THM e o baixo poder desinfetante da cloramina.
There is in this thesis, a small literature revision about the matter, mainly about indirect potable reuse and industrial reuse. In the practical part they are examined in two cases, industrial reuse and potable reuse, both for the Santos Basin. In the Industrial Reuse, there is a project to distribute industrial water to Cubatão industries, using water from Billings after a small treatment. This water is to be used in refrigeration of steel or to boil water to obtain steam or put in solid material to avoid air pollution, etc. In Potable Reuse, there are many laboratory experiences about THM and desinfection by many chemical products and their consequences in distribuition of water. In conclusion, the best place for ínstalation of the collection of water is located between the Henry Borden Power Plant Channels, in Cubatão, for it\'s superior economic performance and for the possibility to support other industries in the future. It has already confirmed the efficiency of the granular activated carbon to remove THM precursors and its inability to desinfect ammonia chlorine.

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Addison, Vicki. "Water allocation and the sustainability of dairying in the upper Waitaki river basin : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1021.

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Agartan, Elif. "Assessment Of Water Supply Impacts For A Mine Site In Western Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612021/index.pdf.

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A certain amount of water is required for a mine site located in Turgutlu in Western Turkey to be used in mining processes. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts associated with meeting water supply requirements for the mine. Scope of the study involves determination of the alternative water resources, the assessment of impacts associated with each resource and the selection of the most feasible alternative in the aspect of environmental and technical effects. Three alternatives suggested to supply mine process water are surface water, groundwater and reuse of waste water of Turgutlu town after treatment. A low flow analysis of Gediz River was conducted for the evaluation of the surface water. For the groundwater alternative, Turgutlu-Salihli aquifer model was established using MODFLOW 2009.1 software and the impacts on groundwater resources were evaluated. The evaluation of the last alternative, reuse of waste water of Turgutlu after treatment, was based upon the amount of waste water generated and treatment needed. Results of the alternatives show that each alternative is applicable to supply the required water to the mine site. However, the storage of the Gediz River water in a v small dam in wet seasons to be used later in dry seasons and the reuse of waste water of Turgutlu after treatment are the alternatives with least impacts on existing water users and related ecosystems.

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Welle, Katharina. "Monitoring performance or performing monitoring? : the case of rural water access in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47193/.

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Performance monitoring is commonly portrayed as providing a uniquely objective, rational foundation for decisions, based on a single-stranded feedback loop between setting objectives and measuring results. In this thesis, I investigate whether this portrayal is accurate. I analyse whether the linear model underlying performance monitoring provides an adequate basis for understanding decisions about access to rural water supply in Ethiopia. My examination focuses primarily on the politics of knowledge production from three angles. First, I examine whether the assumptions underlying the definition of ‘access' to rural water used in performance monitoring in Ethiopia, adequately represent the divergent notions of access among the relevant actors. My findings show that formal framings of access, codified in national and international guidelines and benchmarks, focus on technical aspects of the water supply infrastructure. I bring to light that the goal of performance monitoring in relation to achieving ‘access' is driven by the methods used to measure it, mainly the parameters of infrastructure, volume, distance and quality, suggesting a circularity between framings of the inputs to and objectives of appraisal. In this self-referential process, a particular image of the world determines the meaning of performance, which is used as a yardstick. The power of this dynamic is apparent in Ethiopian stakeholders' characterisations of access, which, even when critical, revolve narrowly around these dominant parameters. This one-dimensional and technical framing of access, constantly reproduced in self-referential monitoring circles, contrasts starkly with the multi-dimensional and dynamic nature of the water access experiences of local residents in Ethiopia. Second, I test whether, in reality, monitoring processes conform to the linearity assumed by the feed-back function of performance monitoring. The process tracing method used to illuminate the political and power dynamics of monitoring processes, shows that sector government actors at different administrative levels, with different rationales, provide different stories of ‘access'. Viewed from this perspective, performance monitoring can be seen not, as conventionally asserted, as a uniquely rational appraisal of performance, but rather as being about ‘performing monitoring' – the playing out on a management stage of certain politically-necessary performances. At the same time, I find that numerous less formalised monitoring practices proceed in parallel with the formal PM process, which, together, form a body of largely ‘tacit' knowledge that informs sector stakeholders' daily work. It is this wider body of knowledge, rather than only formalised PM results, that informs decisions. Third, I investigate the mechanisms that led to the formulation of specific decisions associated with rural water access and the role in these of performance monitoring. I find that particular decisions, such as repairs to rural water schemes, have multiple causes, among which performance monitoring is a contributory and necessary, but not sufficient factor. My investigation of criteria affecting budget allocations highlights that sector offices' limited control over them contributes to making strategic planning a rubber stamping exercise whose processes can be characterised as ‘muddling through' as opposed to adhering to the linear model suggested by Results-based Management. My findings highlight the need to break the self-referential cycle of narrowly framed performance monitoring exercises. They suggest greater attention to the ‘tacit' monitoring practices in local settings, and a focus on the process of monitoring and the power relations within it, to complement the dominant focus on monitoring targets and indicators.

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Fonseca, Filomena Pugliese. "As águas do passado e os reservatórios do Guaraú, Engordador e Cabuçu: um estudo de arqueologia industrial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-18032008-124622/.

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Nesta tese, com a metodologia da Arqueologia Industrial, foi analisado o sistema de abastecimento de água na cidade de São Paulo, nos primórdios do século XX, com o excepcional adensamento populacional do pequeno núcleo de estudantes, cujo destino de grande metrópole começava a delinear-se. Com o abandono da solução mais viável, ou seja, o aproveitamento do rio Tietê, que cortava o planalto paulistano, mas que carregava consigo toda sorte de impurezas, a alternativa das autoridades encarregadas do saneamento, foi a introdução de barragens na Serra da Cantareira, com diferentes técnicas construtivas, formando lagos artificiais, cuja forma de armazenamento, águas estagnadas, era motivo de controvérsias entre, engenheiros, médicos e sanitaristas do mundo inteiro. Porém, foi essa a opção escolhida, na tentativa de dessedentar a população paulistana, que enfrentava em 1903, a pior estiagem de toda sua história. Ao contrário dos outros dois reservatórios, Engordador e Guaraú, o do Cabuçu, já possuía ao nascer, os traços da notoriedade que ainda hoje o tornam admirável: a barragem foi projetada com o perfil prático do engenheiro norte-americano Edward Wegmann, revolucionário para a época, e que solucionou o problema do rompimento dos diques de contenção até então comuns, e por ter sido adotado pela primeira vez, no Brasil, o uso do concreto armado nas estruturas, e na construção de sua centenária adutora. Para o tratamento de suas águas, foi empregado de forma pioneira, o hipoclorito de sódio, que viria a eliminar, um grande número de doenças, que tinham na água um nexo causal, e finalmente, ao tornar o abastecimento menos elitizado, quando chegou aos bairros proletários, segregados espacialmente, e que até então, recebiam água em quantidade e qualidade não compatíveis com suas necessidades, transformando suas pobres habitações em moradias sem saúde.
For this thesis we used Industrial Archeology methodology to analyze the water supply system for the city of São Paulo in the early 20th century, a period during which population density was growing rapidly and what had been a small nucleus of students was clearly destined to become a major metropolis. The most obvious solution, using water from the Tietê River that crossed the city, was abandoned as it carried with it all sorts of impurities. The health authorities decided to build damns in the Cantareira Mountains using a variety of building techniques. These damns created large reservoirs and, at the time, the fact that these stored stagnant water was a controversial issue among engineers, physicians and health professionals all over the world. However, this was the option selected to provide the population of the city with water, remembering that in 1903 it was experiencing the worst drought in all its history. Contrary to other reservoirs - Engordador and Guaraú, from the start the Cabuçu Reservoir was known for its structure that, to this day, is admired. This Cabuçu Damn was designed by a practical US engineer by the name of Edward Wegmann. Wegmann's techniques were revolutionary for their time. In order to solve the problem of contention damns that often ruptured, he used reinforced concrete for the first time ever in Brazil. To treat the city's drinking water the authorities decided to use sodium hypochlorite for the first time. This would help eradicate a number of water borne diseases and bring treated waters to the masses. Before this treated water had been a privilege of the elite and the working classes were served with water in a volume and of a quality not compatible with their needs, resulting in households that were not only poor but also unhealthy.

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Spolaor, Antônio Sérgio. "Automação nos sistemas de abastecimento de água. Caso do controle da reservação de distribuição." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258162.

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Orientador: Edvar Luvizotto Junior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T01:06:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Spolaor_AntonioSergio_M.pdf: 1467442 bytes, checksum: 3bb14cc0c3edaee265c1b15e36387a66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: A automação industrial aplicada em sistemas de abastecimento de água até pouco tempo atrás era bastante simples. Com o advento dos Controladores Programáveis, associado ao desenvolvimento da moderna teoria de controle, permitiu uma automação maior e mais efetiva destes sistemas. Este trabalho discute a utilização da automatização em sistemas de saneamento implementando "inteligência artificial" para tomada de decisão operacional, visando uma melhor distribuição de água entre reservatórios de distribuição. A aplicação dos resultados pode trazer ganhos relacionados ao atendimento das demandas diárias de água do sistema de distribuição. Esta dissertação sob o título de "Automação nos sistemas de abastecimento de água. Caso do controle da reservação de distribuição" foi aplicada em um projeto desenvolvido pela Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP, na cidade de Santa Rosa de Viterbo, no qual vários conceitos de automação foram utilizados com sucesso. O sistema integrado resultante empregando CLPs e um sistema de controle e aquisição de dados (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition - SCADA) contribuiu para uma melhoria significativa do sistema de armazenamento e distribuição. A "inteligência artificial" implantada neste trabalho para a tomada de decisão operacional pode ser verificada através dos resultados apresentados
Abstract: Industrial automation systems applied in water supply were quite simple until recently. The advent of Programmable Controllers, associated with the development of modern control theory, allowed a greater and more effective automation of these systems. This paper discusses the use of automation in sanitation systems implementing "artificial intelligence" for operational decision making, seeking a better distribution of water between distribution reservoirs. The application of the results can bring benefits related to meeting the daily demands of water of the distribution system. This dissertation under the title "Automation in water supply systems. Case of the reservation control distribution" was applied in a project developed by Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP in the city of Santa Rosa de Viterbo, in which various automation concepts have been used successfully. The resulting integrated system using PLCs and a system to control and acquire data (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition - SCADA) contributed to a significant improvement in the storage and distribution system. The "artificial intelligence" implanted in this work for operational decision making can be verified through the presented results
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Koski, Joakim. "A Standardized Approach for Water Reduction Measures in Industrial Companies : Organizational Constraints and Effects on Economy and Environment." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-163585.

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The access of water globally is becoming more strained, why the focus on industrial water use is increasing. The present study examined how industries should approach water efficiency projects, what organizational constraints that should be addressed, and what effects water saving measures have on economic costs, environmental impact and influence from water related risks. The study has been conducted at Saab Group. Primary data for water supply amount and cost has been obtained from twelve sites for the year of 2018. Data from these sites has been used to estimate the water use for the other 43 sites included in this study. Interviews with employees across Saab´s organization and with external stakeholders have functioned as important sources of information, combined with investigations of internal company documents. To facilitate for companies to structurally address water efficiency projects, the concept of the Deming Cycle is developed in this study. The steps included are necessary to address major identified organizational constraints which are lack of communication, lack of incentives for employees, and lack of economic incentives. Furthermore, with water often having energy embedded into it, a new Water Management Hierarchy is developed to include the interrelated aspects of energy supply and energy recovery. The potential for pipe leakages and the challenge to detect these are also identified. If the time from leak occurrence to repair in 2018 was eliminated, the total water supply in Arboga could have been reduced with 10100 m3 which corresponds to 35% of total supply to the site, respectively 35900 m3 and 42% in Björkborn. In Tannefors, water saving measures are identified for a surface treatment process, a facility with testing equipment, and by utilization of groundwater. Not all water saving measures result in reduced annual operating costs, due to an increased energy demand. Furthermore, if neglecting the possibility of energy recovery when aiming for water use reduction, the results show that replacing a once-through cooling system using potable municipal water as a medium with a dry-cooling unit, can increase greenhouse gas emissions. In 2018, the simultaneously implementable water saving measures in Tannefors would have reduced the water supply with 40600 m3, which corresponds to 22% of the total supply to the site. The greenhouse gas emissions would simultaneously have been reduced with 0.4 tonnes CO2eq. If also addressing energy supply reduction and energy recovery, some measures achieves a reduction of over 35 tonnes CO2eq, which results in enhanced economic viability from reduced operating costs. This study suggest that organizational constraints have to be addressed to successfully implement identified water saving measures. To allow economic motivation for all water saving measures in Tannefors, a payback period of over 7 years has to be applied, which can be lowered if the measure also reduces energy demand or increases energy recovery. In order to avoid sub-optimization of water saving measures, the current Water Management Hierarchy has to include the aspects of energy supply and energy recovery. If the aim is to reduce a corporation’s water use, the largest sites with heavy industrial processes should be addressed first. However, the potential impact from water related risks at smaller sites should not be neglected, in order to ensure safe operations and avoid increased costs in the company´s supply chain.
Tillgången av vatten blir alltmer ansträngd globalt, varför fokus på industriell vattenanvändning ökar. Den här studien undersökte hur industrier bör förhålla sig till vatteneffektivitetsprojekt, vilka organisatoriska begränsningar som bör hanteras, och vilka effekter vattenbesparande åtgärder har på ekonomiska kostnader, miljöpåverkan och påverkan från vattenrelaterade risker. Studien har genomförts på Saab Group. Primärdata för vattentillförselmängd och kostnad har erhållits från tolv platser för år 2018. Data från dessa siter har används för att uppskatta vattenanvändningen för de övriga 43 siterna som ingår i denna studie. Intervjuer med anställda inom Saabs organisation och med externa intressenter har fungerat som viktiga informationskällor, i kombination med undersökningar av interna företagsdokument. För att underlätta för företag att strukturellt ta itu med vatteneffektivitetsprojekt, så utvecklas Demingcykel-konceptet i den här studien. De inkluderade stegen är nödvändiga för att hantera viktiga identifierade organisatoriska begränsningar som är brits på kommunikation, brist på incitament för anställda och brist på ekonomiska incitament. Vidare, då vatten ofta är en energibärare, utvecklas en ny vattenminskningshierarki för att inkludera de sammanhängande aspekterna av energitillförsel och energiåtervinning. Potentialen för rörläckage och utmaningen att upptäcka dessa identifieras också. Om tiden från läckage till reparation under 2018 eliminerades, kunde den totala vattentillförseln i Arboga ha minskat med 10100 m3 vilket motsvarar 35% av total vattentillförsel till siten, respektive 35900 m3 och 42% i Björkborn. I Tannefors identifieras vattenbesparingsåtgärder för en ytbehandlingsprocess, en anläggning med testutrustning, och genom utnyttjande av grundvatten. Alla vattenbesparande åtgärder resulterar inte i minskade årliga driftkostnader, på grund av ett ökat energibehov. Vidare, om möjligheten för energiåtervinning förbises när reducering av vattenanvändning är målet, visar resultaten att ersättningen av ett kylsystem som använder kommunalt dricksvatten utan recirkulering med en luftkyld enhet, att utsläppen av växthusgaser kan öka. Under 2018, så skulle de simultant implementerbara vattenbesparande åtgärderna i Tannefors ha minskat vattentillförseln med 40600 m3, vilket motsvarar 22% av den totala tillförseln till siten. Utsläppen av växthusgaser hade samtidigt minskats med 0.4 ton CO2eq. Om även energitillförsel och energiåtervinning tas i beaktande, uppnår vissa åtgärder en minskning på över 35 ton CO2eq, vilket resulterar i förbättrad ekonomisk lönsamhet från minskade driftkostnader. Denna studie föreslår att organisatoriska begränsningar måste hanteras för att framgångsrikt genomföra identifierade vattenbesparande åtgärder. För att möjliggöra ekonomisk motivering för alla vattenbesparande åtgärder i Tannefors, måste en återbetalningstid på över sju år tillämpas, vilken kan sänkas om åtgärden också minskar energibehovet eller ökar energiåtervinningen. För att undvika suboptimering av vattenbesparande åtgärder, måste den nuvarande vattenhierarkin inkludera aspekterna av energitillförsel och energiåtervinning. Om målet är att minska ett företags vattenanvändning, bör de största anläggningarna med tunga industriprocesser först adresseras. Dock bör den potentiella påverkan från vattenrelaterade risker på mindre siter inte försummas, för att säkerställa säker drift och undvika ökade kostnader i företagets värdekedja.

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Vatansever, Aysun. "Bioflocculation Of Activated Sludge In Relation To Calcium Ion Concentration." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606304/index.pdf.

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Bioflocculation, which can be defined as aggregation of bacterial flocs, has important implications on the physical characteristics of sludge. It is especially critical to settling and dewatering systems which impacts the overall economy of the process greatly. One of the most common problems in activated sludge systems to negatively influence the settleability is sludge bulking which can be defined as non-settling situation of microbial mass. The first objective of this research is to investigate the effect of calcium ion on sludge bulking in a phosphorus deficient medium and the second objective is to improve the settling, dewatering, and pumping of activated sludge by adjusting the calcium (Ca) ion concentration of the feed. For this purpose, 7 semi-continuous laboratory scale activated sludge reactors were operated with a mixed aerobic culture. The reactors had 8 days of sludge residence time and aerated with air pumps to provide a dissolved oxygen concentration of at least 3 mg/L. All the analyses were conducted after the reactors reached steady state condition. In the first part of the research, the effect of strictly phosphorus-limited medium on bulking of activated sludge was studied at different calcium ion concentration. Three reactors were set up having 5, 10 and 20 meq/L calcium concentrations. From the results it was observed that, phosphorus deficiency caused viscous bulking independent from the calcium ion concentration. It was found out that bulking of activated sludges due to phosphorus deficiency could be cured by the addition of phosphorus. Furhermore, microorganisms starved for phosphorus, seemed to accumulate polyphosphate granules when they were exposed to a phosphorus source. In the second part of the study, the effect of calcium ion on physical, chemical and surface chemical properties of activated sludge was investigated at 4 different concentrations (0.27, 5, 10 and 20 meq/L) under sufficient phosphorus concentration. Calcium addition resulted in significant changes in the quantity and quality of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Total EPS increased depending on the calcium concentration. Carbohydrate content of EPS dominated over the protein content for calcium concentration of 5 meq/L and above. The amount of calcium ions incorporated into the sludge floc matrix also increased with the dose of calcium added. Settleability and dewaterability of sludge improved significantly at 5 meq/L dose of calcium. However, settleability did not change any further with increasing calcium dose, whereas dewaterability increased for all increasing calcium concentrations. Sludge viscosity also decreased considerably at 5 meq/L concentration indicating better pumpability but it did not change further above 10 meq/L calcium addition.

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Книги з теми "Industrial water supply Victoria"

Victoria. Office of the Auditor-General. Planning for water infrastructure in Victoria. Melbourne, Vic: Victorian Government Printer, 2008.

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Venkateswarlu, K. S. Water chemistry: Industrial and power station water treatment. New Delhi: New Age International Ltd., 1996.

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Tyagi, Paritosh C. Water supply for industrial and domestic use. Roorkee: INCOH Secretariat, 1995.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Security of Industrial Water Supply and Management (2010 Ankara, Turkey). Security of industrial water supply and management. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011.

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Atimtay, Aysel T., and Subhas K. Sikdar, eds. Security of Industrial Water Supply and Management. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1805-0.

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Crul, R. C. M. Management and conservation of the African great lakes: Lakes Victoria, Tangenyika and Malawi : comparative and comprehensive study of great lakes. Paris: Unesco Pub., 1998.

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Crul, R. C. M. Management and conservation of the African great lakes: Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika and Malawi : comparative and comprehensive study of great lakes. Paris: Unesco Publishing, 1999.

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G, Gofman K., ред. Vodoemkostʹ narodnogo khozi͡a︡ĭstva: Promyshlennostʹ. Moskva: "Nauka", 1989.

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McCoy, C. G. The supply of water for irrigation in Victoria from 1881 to 1981. Armadale, Vic., Australia: Rural Water Commission of Victoria, 1988.

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Cooling water treatment manual. 3rd ed. Houston, Tex: National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1990.

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Renzetti, Steven. "Industrial and Commercial Water Demands." In Managing Urban Water Supply, 115–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0237-9_8.

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Arana, Vladimir. "Water Supply, Sanitation, Energy, and Industrial Constraints." In Water and Territory in Latin America, 59–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30343-7_4.

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Wyness, Alistair J. "Water Footprinting: A Tool to Develop and Manage Water Stewardship for Business." In Security of Industrial Water Supply and Management, 69–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1805-0_5.

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Glavič, Peter, and Miloš Bogataj. "Water Networks – Theory and Practice." In Security of Industrial Water Supply and Management, 13–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1805-0_2.

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Grosso, Juan Manuel, Carlos Ocampo-Martínez, and Vicenç Puig. "Non-centralized Predictive Control for Drinking-Water Supply Systems." In Advances in Industrial Control, 341–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50751-4_17.

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Galatchi, Liviu-Daniel. "Industrial Wastewater Reuse Applications in Romania." In Security of Industrial Water Supply and Management, 231–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1805-0_15.

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Nowak, Otto, and Peter Enderle. "Reuse of Biologically Treated Process Water: Industrial Water Management in the Paper and Sugar Industry." In Security of Industrial Water Supply and Management, 103–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1805-0_7.

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Vaseashta, Ashok. "Technological Advances in Industrial Water Safety and Security." In Security of Industrial Water Supply and Management, 55–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1805-0_4.

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Staniškis, Jurgis K. "Closing Water Cycles in Industry: Theory and Implementation." In Security of Industrial Water Supply and Management, 175–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1805-0_12.

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Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír, Hon Loong Lam, and Dominic Chwan Yee Foo. "Water Integration for Recycling and Recovery in Process Industry." In Security of Industrial Water Supply and Management, 1–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1805-0_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Industrial water supply Victoria"

Hurlimann, A. C. "The development of policy pertaining to potable water supply catchment areas in Victoria, Australia." In SUSTAINABLE CITY 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc080591.

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Ying Xie and Hua Zheng. "Water supply forecasting based on developed LS-SVM." In 2008 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2008.4582913.

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Wibowo, Santoso, and Srimannarayana Grandhi. "Multicriteria assessment of urban water supply system providers." In 2018 13th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2018.8397937.

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Tahavori, Maryamsadat, Carsten Skovmose Kallesoe, John Leth, and Rafael Wisniewski. "Modeling of water supply systems: Circuit theoretic approach." In 2012 7th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2012.6360972.

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Roy, J. K., P. K. Roy, and P. Basak. "Water hammer protection in water supply system: A new approach with practical implementation." In 2011 International Conference on Communication and Industrial Application (ICCIA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccinda.2011.6146652.

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Scheepers, C. F., G. D. Bolt, and J. V. Rensburg. "Combined electricity and water supply strategy for the department of water affairs." In 2014 International Conference on the Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy (ICUE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icue.2014.6904172.

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Hettiarachchi, Sathira, Divan Proboshena, Lakshan Stembo, Hashan Rajapaksha, Rajitha de Silva, and Dasuni P. Nawinna. "An Integrated Platform of Water Quality Management for National Water Supply and Drainage Board." In 2019 IEEE 14th Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciis47346.2019.9063320.

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Matsuki, Hiroshi, and Yasutaka Fujimoto. "Knowledge acquisition from in-operation data for water supply system." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2011.5754349.

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Singhtaun, Chansiri, and Wichitra Rungraksa. "Pump Scheduling for Water Supply Production using Mathematical Programming." In MSIE 2020: 2020 2nd International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3396743.3396761.

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Xuefeng, Wang, and Hao Guizhen. "Water-saving Concept and Technical Measures in High Rise Building Water Supply and Drainage System." In AASRI International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (IEA 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iea-15.2015.142.

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Polhemus, Van D. Handbook of Methods for the Evaluation of Water Conservation for Municipal and Industrial Water Supply. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada166006.

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Parker, B. L., C. H. Maldaner, and J. B. Olesiuk. Co-existence of industrial organic contaminant plumes with municipal water supply wells in fractured rock aquifers. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306558.

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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.

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Guidati, Gianfranco, and Domenico Giardini. Joint synthesis “Geothermal Energy” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.4.en.

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Near-to-surface geothermal energy with heat pumps is state of the art and is already widespread in Switzerland. In the future energy system, medium-deep to deep geothermal energy (1 to 6 kilometres) will, in addition, play an important role. To the forefront is the supply of heat for buildings and industrial processes. This form of geothermal energy utilisation requires a highly permeable underground area that allows a fluid – usually water – to absorb the naturally existing rock heat and then transport it to the surface. Sedimentary rocks are usually permeable by nature, whereas for granites and gneisses permeability must be artificially induced by injecting water. The heat gained in this way increases in line with the drilling depth: at a depth of 1 kilometre, the underground temperature is approximately 40°C, while at a depth of 3 kilometres it is around 100°C. To drive a steam turbine for the production of electricity, temperatures of over 100°C are required. As this requires greater depths of 3 to 6 kilometres, the risk of seismicity induced by the drilling also increases. Underground zones are also suitable for storing heat and gases, such as hydrogen or methane, and for the definitive storage of CO2. For this purpose, such zones need to fulfil similar requirements to those applicable to heat generation. In addition, however, a dense top layer is required above the reservoir so that the gas cannot escape. The joint project “Hydropower and geo-energy” of the NRP “Energy” focused on the question of where suitable ground layers can be found in Switzerland that optimally meet the requirements for the various uses. A second research priority concerned measures to reduce seismicity induced by deep drilling and the resulting damage to buildings. Models and simulations were also developed which contribute to a better understanding of the underground processes involved in the development and use of geothermal resources. In summary, the research results show that there are good conditions in Switzerland for the use of medium-deep geothermal energy (1 to 3 kilometres) – both for the building stock and for industrial processes. There are also grounds for optimism concerning the seasonal storage of heat and gases. In contrast, the potential for the definitive storage of CO2 in relevant quantities is rather limited. With respect to electricity production using deep geothermal energy (> 3 kilometres), the extent to which there is potential to exploit the underground economically is still not absolutely certain. In this regard, industrially operated demonstration plants are urgently needed in order to boost acceptance among the population and investors.

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Columbia River System Operation Review : Final Environmental Impact Statement, Appendix F: Irrigation, Municipal and Industrial/Water Supply. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/181485.

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Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79. US Geological Survey, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri844246.

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Ground-water withdrawals from Coastal Plain aquifers for public supply and self-supplied industrial use in Middlesex and Monmouth counties, New Jersey, 1901-85. US Geological Survey, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri904083.

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