Готові списки джерел за темами / Individuals/Companies

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Individuals/Companies"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Individuals/Companies":

La Paz, Ariel, Daniela Gracia, and Jonathan Vásquez. "MATCHING THE CONTROLLER ROLE: INDIVIDUALS VS COMPANIES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, no. 5 (September 8, 2020): 1411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.13187.

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Finding a good match in the C-Suite is critical for maximizing business value and capitalizing on competitive advantages. This study analyzes the roles of controllers in organizational descriptions and executives’ profiles, as they both define the position and craft the profession. This paper proposes a framework to describe and classify the existing controller types based on an extended review and description of the available literature. Then, using a clustering method based on the semisupervised k-means, we mapped a sample of 45 controllers to their dominant profile and contrasted individuals’ characteristics against the companies’ definitions of the role. This study reveals that the understanding of the types of controllers, which is usually presented as a dichotomy, may lead to mismatches between what is needed and what is performed. The clustering analysis reveals a significant mismatch between individuals and the organizations defining the role. The framework and clustering method could be used for multiple purposes, such as evaluating what type of controller an individual is or a company needs, which would improve recruitment processes to achieve better matches. The framework expands the identification of controllers from a dichotomy to a gradual classification and describes four controller profiles. This perspective further describes the role and validates the framework using data mining tools.

Fallon, Geralyn M. "The Taxation of Companies and Individuals in Yemen." Arab Law Quarterly 8, no. 1 (1993): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302593x00302.

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de Vries, Manfred F. R. Kets. "Creating Authentizotic Organizations: Well-Functioning Individuals in Vibrant Companies." Human Relations 54, no. 1 (January 2001): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726701541013.

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Peace, Breon S., Jennifer Kennedy Park, Robin M. Bergen, and Nowell D. Bamberger. "CFTC’s demanding new cooperation guidelines for companies and individuals." Journal of Investment Compliance 18, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-06-2017-0031.

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Purpose To explain and analyze two Enforcement Advisories that set forth the factors the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission Division of Enforcement may consider in assessing cooperation by companies and individuals in the context of CFTC enforcement proceedings. Design/methodology/approach Explains the background, including the 2007 Enforcement Advisory for Companies. Explains the 2017 Enforcement Advisory for Companies and the parallel Enforcement Advisory for Individuals, including policy-based considerations and factors such as the materiality, timeliness, nature, and quality of a company’s cooperation; the value of a company’s cooperation to the Commission’s broader law enforcement interests; and the company’s culpability, culture and other relevant factors. Provides examples of uncooperative conduct. Discusses a broader trend among enforcement authorities in the US and abroad of setting higher cooperation standards. Findings The new Advisories make clear that merely complying with requests for information from the CFTC staff will not be sufficient; a company or individual seeking cooperation credit as part of a resolution with the CFTC must go above and beyond its legal obligations in order to qualify for such credit. Originality/value Practical guidance from experienced white collar defense, regulatory enforcement, civil litigation and arbitration lawyers.

AOYAMA, HIDEAKI, WATARU SOUMA, YUICHI NAGAHARA, MITSUHIRO P. OKAZAKI, HIDEKI TAKAYASU, and MISAKO TAKAYASU. "PARETO'S LAW FOR INCOME OF INDIVIDUALS AND DEBT OF BANKRUPT COMPANIES." Fractals 08, no. 03 (September 2000): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x0000038x.

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We analyze the distribution of income and income tax of individuals in Japan for the fiscal year 1998. From the rank-size plots, we find that the accumulated probability distribution of both data obey a power law with a Pareto exponent very close to -2. We also present an analysis of the distribution of the debts owed by bankrupt companies from 1997 to March 2000, which is consistent with a power law behavior with a Pareto exponent equal to -1. This power law is the same as that of the income distribution of companies. Possible implications of these findings for model building are discussed.

Musial, Monika. "Managing creative individuals via freedom and control in film-making companies." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing 9, no. 3 (2017): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijev.2017.086485.

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Musial, Monika. "Managing creative individuals via freedom and control in film-making companies." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing 9, no. 3 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijev.2017.10006924.

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Pernu, Elina, Tuija Mainela, and Vesa Puhakka. "Creating shared views of customers: Individuals as sense-makers in multinational companies." Industrial Marketing Management 48 (July 2015): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.03.005.

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Raimo, Nicola, Angela Rella, Filippo Vitolla, María-Inés Sánchez-Vicente, and Isabel-María García-Sánchez. "Corporate Social Responsibility in the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A Traditional Way to Address New Social Issues." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126561.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious health, social and economic consequences. In this difficult context, companies are called upon to implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities to support society and the weakest individuals. This study examines how Spanish companies have supported society and vulnerable individuals through partnerships with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In this regard, a multiple case study analysis based on 14 companies listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange that have created collaborations with different NGOs was conducted. The results show that these partnerships are mainly aimed at providing food, health, social and technological support to society and vulnerable individuals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the support provided by companies to society during the COVID-19 pandemic in the European context.

Rhein, Jonathan M., and James D. Trougakos. "Selected US Tax Developments: Disclosure Requirements Aimed at Shell Companies." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 70, no. 4 (2022): 921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2022.70.4.ustd.

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The US Corporate Transparency Act ("the CTA") will affect Canadian individuals who control or invest in US companies that are reporting companies under the CTA, including with respect to investments made, or control exercised, indirectly or through blocker corporations. Such individuals may be required to provide their personal information to the US company, and their information would be reported to the US government under the CTA. Moreover, US blocker corporations are likely to be reporting companies under the CTA even if the US companies in which they invest are not reporting companies. The CTA will also require many Canadian companies that register to do business in a US state to report the personal information of their individual beneficial owners and individual control persons. Companies formed or registered prior to 2024 will be required to report by January 1, 2025, and companies formed or registered after 2023 will be required to report within 30 days of formation or registration.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Individuals/Companies":

Kahraman, Esra. "Inclusive Design Thinking: Exploring the obstacles and opportunities for individuals and companies to incorporate inclusive design." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276670.

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Exclusion by design can be seen in every corner of our society, from inaccessible websites to buildings and it has a significant impact on people with disabilities. As designers and people who have a hand in shaping our environment, having a more holistic view of the target groups when designing for available and new technologies is essential, something that is currently missing. Not only to combat design exclusion but also to challenge and improve current and future products. Related research shows that there are ways to challenge design exclusion but the question of why more inclusive design practices are still not in place remains. This study aims to answer the question: What are the obstacles keeping designers from making more inclusive design choices and what opportunities are there? What are the internal and external factors and how can they be tackled? The methods chosen to answer these questions were primarily qualitative in forms of interviews, field study, and a workshop. The results from the interviews and empathy-building activities done in the workshop highlighted common obstacles the designers felt in their workplace, both on a personal and corporate level.
Uteslutning på grund av design kan ses i alla hörn i samhället, från otillgängliga hemsidor till byggnader och det har en signifikant påverkan på människor med funktionsnedsättningar. Som designers och människor som har en roll i att forma vår omgivning behöver vi ha en holistisk vy av vår målgrupp när vi designar för befintlig men även ny teknologi. Något som för närvarande saknas. Inte bara för att bekämpa uteslutning av design men även för att utmana och förbättra nuvarande och framtida produkter. Relaterad forskning visar att det finns sätt att utmana uteslutning av design men frågan om varför fler 'inclusive' design åtgärder inte tar plats återstår. Syftet med denna studie är att besvara frågan: vad är det för hinder som står i designerns väg från att ta mer 'inclusive' design val och vad för möjligheter finns det? Vad är dom interna och externa faktorerna och hur kan dessa tacklas? Metoderna som användes för undersökningen av dessa frågor var intervjuer, en fältstudie och workshop. Resultatet från intervjuerna och workshopen framhävde designers gemensamma hinder i arbetsplatsen, på individ och- företagsnivå.

Guselin, Mathias, Sebastian Johansson, and Joakim Jörgensen. "Brand Equity for E-recruitment companies : A quantitative research on individuals´ intention to use e-recruitment websites." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-55586.

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Background: Internet has brought radical changes in the recruitment industry where individuals are increasingly turning to the Internet when seeking jobs. The increased use of e-recruitment is partly because it is considered to be the most effective way to reach the target group of applicants, and partly because of the cost savings and competitive pressure in the market. Therefore, is the brand a crucial factor for online companies such as e-recruitment websites thus having a strong brand can lead to competitive advantage in the market. The role of branding in e-marketing is increasingly getting more important. Previous research has used intention to purchase as an outcome of brand equity. However, this research studies brand equity towards intention to use as most e-recruitment websites offer free services. Purpose: To describe the determinants of brand equity of e-recruitment websites and how they affect individuals’ intention to use such websites. Methodology: A quantitative research was chosen to collect the data using an online questionnaire to be able to describe the variables relationship in this research. Conclusion: The findings of this research suggests that brand equity as a whole increases individuals’ intention to use an e-recruitment website. The determinant of brand equity; brand awareness, perceived quality and brand loyalty gave a positive and significant relationship towards individuals’ intention to use. The findings involving the moderator were found to be significant when using brand equity as whole, while being rejected when involving the determinants of brand equity.

Safari, Bahar. "Värde av solel i Sverige : En faktor att ta med i ekonomin för en solcellsanläggning." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-46747.

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The Swedish government has set a target of achieving 100% renewable electricity production by 2040, and this target is reflected in the solar strategy of the Swedish Energy Agency that states it’s possible that solar electricity may represent 5-10% of the Swedish electricity mix by 2040. It’s not easy for different participants such as individuals, companies, farmers and housing associations to find out the value of solar self-consumption and the value of surplus solar electricity that is fed into the power grid, because there are about 120 electricity trading companies and about 170 electricity grid companies in Sweden. The electricity companies have different tariffs. The purpose of this degree project is to investigate how the value of solar electricity varies depending on which electricity trading company and electricity grid company that different participants such as individuals and companies have, and also to make profitability calculations for different cases concerning five of the major electricity trading companies and electricity grid companies, respectively. Data needed for calculating the value of solar self-consumption and sold surplus electricity are collected from the electricity trading companies and electricity grid companies. Profitability is calculated by using an Excel template from the project ”Capital budget for solar cells”. This degree project shows that the value of solar self-consumption is worth more than the value of sold surplus electricity in all cases, both for individuals and for companies. For the companies, the difference in value between solar self-consumption and sold surplus electricity is much greater than for individuals, because the companies studied in this degree project don’t receive any tax reduction for the surplus electricty that is fed into the power grid. The higher the value of solar self-consumption and sold surplus electricity, the more profitable the solar cell investment becomes. The lower the value of solar self-consumption and sold surplus electricity, the less profitable the solar cell investment becomes. The prerequisites needed to achieve 5-10% of solar electricity in Sweden are strengthening or renewal of the electricity grid, budget support for solar cells, financial support systems, education about the potential for solar electricity and how it works and the willpower among various participants to invest in solar cells.

Maman, Armando. "O impacto da comunicação em rede nas relações de trabalho capitalistas: um estudo sobre liberdade, poder e internet na empresa privada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27152/tde-05072009-221526/.

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A pesquisa tem como objeto a comunicação em rede praticada através da Internet em empresas privadas brasileiras e multinacionais com operação no Brasil, privilegiando aspectos e dados relativos a uso de computador e de Internet pelos empregados. Buscou-se compreender, essencialmente, quais são as normas que as empresas estabelecem para esse tipo de atividade uso de Internet , assim como as razões que as levam a normatizar o uso da comunicação em rede. Além de pesquisa qualitativa promovida junto 18 empresas de médio e grande porte em vários segmentos econômicos, utilizou-se dados da mais recente pesquisa do Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil, que avaliou o uso dessa tecnologia de comunicação em empresas e lares brasileiros, divulgada em janeiro de 2007. Quanto aos resultados, constatou-se que as tecnologias da informação trouxeram várias inovações às relações comunicacionais e de trabalho, a principal delas o fato de que normas de comportamento antes escritas agora são aplicadas automaticamente pelos sistemas de informação. Além disso, percebeu-se que a comunicação em rede, que muitos julgam ampla, livre e democrática, é apropriada de modo autoritário pela maioria das empresas, que buscam controlá-la através de sistemas de monitoração e vigilância permanentes, destruindo assim o mito de que as técnicas, por si só, modificam o modo como os meios de produção se articulam.
The research has as object the network communication practiced through the Internet in brazilian private companies and multinational companies operating in Brazil, privileging aspects and data on the use of computer and Internet by the employees. The aim was to understand, essentially, what are the standards that firms set for this type of activity use of the Internet as well as the reasons that lead to standardize the use of network communication. In addition to qualitative research promoted with 18 companies of medium and large sizes in various economic sectors, it was used data from the most recent survey of the Management Committee of the Internet in Brazil, which evaluated the use of this technology for communication in brazilian businesses and homes, disclosed in January 2007. As for results, it was found that information technologies have brought several innovations to the communication and working relationships, the main of them the fact that standards of behaviour prior written now are applied automatically by information systems. Moreover, it is realized that network communication, which many believe broad, free and democratic, it is appropriate in an authoritarian way by companies, that seek to control it through monitoring systems and permanent surveillance, thereby destroying the myth that techniques, by itself, alter how the means of production are articulated.

Crouzieres, Julien. "L'évolution de l'obligation de mise en garde du banquier dispensateur de crédit." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PERP0027.

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Instaurée ab initio par la jurisprudence, l'obligation de mise en garde du banquier dispensateur de crédit a fait l'objet d'une consécration légale, par voie d'ordonnances, à l'occasion de la réforme du crédit immobilier en 2016 et du Droit des sûretés en 2021. L’obligation de mise en garde connaît à présent plusieurs régimes, dont le champ d’application et l’exécution diffèrent. Après avoir vérifié l’autonomie de l’obligation de mise en garde, tant d’origine jurisprudentielle, que légale, par rapport à d’autres obligations voisines, la thèse a pour objectif d’étudier les qualités et les lacunes de chacun de ces régimes, afin de soumettre de lege lata différents correctifs. De lege ferenda, une solution opportune résiderait dans l’instauration d’un droit commun de l’obligation de mise en garde, que la thèse se propose de suggérer. Ladite obligation y gagnerait en lisibilité et en cohérence. Par ailleurs, à partir de la refonte proposée, une pleine efficience pourrait être allouée à l’obligation de mise en garde. Enfin, seraient également satisfaits les objectifs de sécurité juridique et économique, essentiels tant en matière de crédits que de sûretés
Established ab initio by case law, the obligation of the credit granting banker to warn has been enshrined in law, by way of ordinances, on the occasion of the reform of real estate credit in 2016 and of the law of securities in 2021. The duty to warn is now subject to several regimes, each with a different scope of application and enforcement. After having verified the autonomy of the obligation to warn, both of jurisprudential and legal origin, in relation to other similar obligations, the thesis aims to study the qualities and shortcomings of each of these regimes, in order to submit de lege lata different remedies. De lege ferenda, one appropriate solution would be the establishment ofa common law of the duty to warn, which the thesis proposes to suggest. This obligation would gain in legibility and coherence. Moreover, the proposed reform would allow the duty to warn to be fully effective. Finally, the objectives of legal and economic security, which are essential both in the area of credits and securities, would also be satisfied

Barroso, João Pedro Marques. "Saving our savings: A beauty contest of monetary alternatives to keep reserve value and to allow for companies and individuals to transact more efficiently." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24222.

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Purpose – The main objective of this thesis is to study what commodities/assets/currencies can be considered as “feasible alternatives” to fulfill the role of “money” in society in comparison to the already established fiat currencies in circulation. Between those same alternatives, which specific advantages each have and what is their potential future. Design/Methodology/Approach – Dividing the study into two main sectors, the quantitative part looking into past prices of each possible currency and a qualitative part looking specifically into the characteristics that they have. For the first part, the main focus is on the concept of reserve of value, driven by the more or less stable the currency has been, and for the second part, six characteristics are laid down as thru them, a specific commodity can be analyzed properly. Findings - Gold is clearly the one performing the best for the quantitative analysis while Nano and Monero are the currencies with “the best characteristics for money”. Surprisingly, in general, the quantitative analysis is not so good for precious metals while some cryptocurrencies do perform better than what was expected. Research limitations/implications – A 2-year period of analysis while making all assumptions and conclusions in a context of a bull market and with historically very low interest rates. Originality/value – The study provides a methodology easily appliable to more commodities while crossing a comprehensive and extended multi-factor criteria.
Meta – O principal objetivo desta tese é estudar quais ativos/moedas podem ser consideradas como “alternativas viáveis” para preencherem o papel de “dinheiro” na sociedade em comparação com as já estabelecidas moedas fiduciárias em circulação. Entre essas alternativas, quais vantagens específicas cada tem e qual o potencial futuro. Design/Metodologia/Abordagem – Dividindo o estudo em dois principais setores, a parte quantitativa observando preços passados de todas as potenciais moedas e a parte qualitativa, observando especificamente as caraterísticas que detêm. Para a primeira parte, o principal foco é no conceito de reserva de valor, conduzido pela mais ou menos estabilidade que a moeda tem mostrado e a segunda parte onde seis caraterísticas são analisadas para cada ativo em específico. Resultado – O ouro é claramente aquele que mais se destaca na análise quantitativa enquanto Nano e Monero são as moedas que detêm “as melhores caraterísticas como dinheiro”. Surpreendentemente, em geral, a análise quantitativa não mostra uma clara supremacia dos metais preciosos enquanto algumas cripto moedas preformam melhor do que o esperado. Restrições da Pesquisa – O período de 2 anos de análise enquanto todas as suposições e conclusões são feitas e retiradas no contexto de um “bull market” e com taxas de juro historicamente baixas. Originalidade/Valor – O estudo fornece uma metodologia facilmente aplicável a mais ativos enquanto cruza uma análise compreensiva com um critério de múltiplos fatores.

Bindi, Danilo Castilho Silva. "Quais os determinantes do incumprimento no mercado de crédito bancário brasileiro e seu impacto no Produto Interno Bruto?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18307.

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Esta dissertação objetiva identificar e analisar os determinantes do incumprimento no mercado de crédito bancário brasileiro, com segmentação entre os públicos de empresas e indivíduos, verificar qual a relação destes com o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) e com a disponibilidade de capitais por parte dos bancos. Realizei um estudo econométrico, por meio das estimações de modelos com Vetores Auto Regressivos (VAR), sobre os principais determinantes do incumprimento creditício, com as taxas de inadimplência das empresas e dos indivíduos e a variável do Índice de Basileia, como medida para o capital disponível dos bancos, com uma periodicidade trimestral, entre o primeiro trimestre de 2004 e o quarto trimestre de 2017. A partir deste estudo foi possível confirmar algumas proposições acerca da relação negativa entre o ciclo econômico e os rácios de incumprimentos no mercado de crédito, e a influência positiva das taxas de juros das operações de crédito na determinação do incumprimento, além da necessidade de os bancos possuírem reservas de capitais suficientes para enfrentarem as diferentes fases dos ciclos econômicos, e assim não restringirem sua oferta de crédito, mesmo em momentos de baixo desempenho da economia. Entretanto, há que realçar que os rácio de crédito vencido não afetam negativamente a taxa de variação do PIB, nem a disponiblidade de capitais dos bancos, tais verificações se diferenciaram de outros trabalhos acerca do mesmo tema, indicando peculiaridades no sistema bancário brasileiro, dado que conforme as indicações encontradas, um reforço do capital dos bancos incorreria em uma diminuição do incumprimento.
This dissertation aims to identify and analyze the determinants of the default on the Brazilian banking credit market, with segmentation between companies and individuals, and to verify the relationship among the Brazilian Gross Domestic Product and the availability of bank capital. I carried out an econometric study, trough the estimations of Vetor Auto Regressive (VAR) models, on the main determinants of credit default rates on corporations and individuals, and the Basel Index as a measure for the available capital of banks, on a quarterly basis between the first quarter of 2004 and the fourth quarter of 2017. From this study it was possible to confirm some propositions about the negative relation between the economic cycle and the credit default ratios, and the positive influence of the interest rates of the credit operations in determining the default, besides the need of the banks have sufficient capital reserves to face the different phases of economic cycles, and thus do not restrict their supply of credit, even in times of low economic performance. However, it should be noted that the ratio of past due loans does not negatively affect the rate of change of GDP, nor the availability of banks' capital, such checks differed from other studies on the same subject, indicating peculiarities in the Brazilian banking system, since according to the indications found, a strengthening of the banks' capital would lead to a reduction in default.

Maher, Aideen. "Private security costs as a tax deduction for individuals in South Africa." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27285.

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The high levels of crime in South Africa are a popular topic of conversation amongst South Africans. As a result of the high levels of crime in South Africa, many South Africans employ private security companies in order to protect themselves and their property. The opinion exists that these private security costs should be allowed as a deduction against their taxable income. The study investigates certain factors that may influence crime, the private security industry and these companies’ perception on the duties of the South African Police Service. In order to determine private security companies’ perception on the duties of the South African Police Service, a questionnaire was conducted. The results reflected not only that private security companies are more effective and proactive in the prevention of crime, but also that they have a faster reaction time to emergency calls than the South African Police Service. This can lead one to argue that it has become a necessity to incur private security costs in South Africa. It also discusses current South African tax legislation in comparison with international trends. The study concludes whether the deduction of private security costs for the individual against taxable income is allowed in South Africa. AFRIKAANS : Die hoë vlakke van misdaad in Suid-Afrika is ‘n gewilde onderwerp van bespreking onder Suid-Afrikaners. As gevolg van die hoë vlakke van misdaad in Suid-Afrika stel baie Suid- Afrikaners privaat sekuriteitsmaatskappye aan om hulself en hul eiendom te beskerm. Menige Suid-Afrikaners is van mening dat hierdie privaat sekuriteitsuitgawes as ‘n aftrekking teen hul belasbare inkomste toegelaat moet word. Die studie ondersoek sekere faktore wat misdaad kan beinvloed, die privaat sekuriteitsmaatskappy industrie en hierdie maatskappye se opinie van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens se verantwoordelikhede. ‘n Vraelys is gebruik om privaat sekuriteitsmaatskappye se opinie rakende die verantwoordelikhede van die Suid-Afrikaansie Polisiediens te bepaal. Die resultate dui daarop dat privaat sekuriteitsmaatskappye nie net meer effektief en proaktief is in die voorkoming van misdaad as die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens nie, maar ook dat hulle ‘n vinniger reaksietyd het na ‘n noodoproep ontvang is. Dit kan tot aannames lei dat dit ‘n noodsaaklikheid geword het om privaat sekuriteitsonkostes in Suid-Afrika aan te gaan. Die studie stel ook ondersoek in na huidige Suid-Afrikaanse belastingwetgewing in vergelyking met die internasionale werkswyse en sluit af met die antwoord op die vraag of privaat sekuriteitsuitgawes belastingaftrekbaar is vir Suid-Afrikaanse individue.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Taxation
unrestricted

Книги з теми "Individuals/Companies":

Stack, E. The taxation of individuals and companies. 8th ed. Pretoria: Digma, 1994.

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Stack, E. The taxation of individuals and companies. Durban: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2002.

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Stack, E. The taxation of individuals and companies. 4th ed. Pretoria: Digma, 1991.

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Janov, Paul. BCCI: Key events, companies, individuals, and selected articles. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1991.

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Arthur Andersen & Co., ed. Year-end tax planning for companies and individuals. London: Arthur Andersen & Co., 1989.

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Arthur Andersen & Co., ed. Year-end tax planning for companies and individuals. London: Arthur Andersen & Co., 1987.

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Manfred F. R. Kets de Vries. Creating authentizotic organizations: Well-functioning individuals in vibrant companies. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1999.

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Clawson, James G. Powered by feel: How individuals, teams, and companies excel. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Pub. Co., 2008.

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Manfred F. R. Kets de Vries. Creating authentizotic organizations: Well-functioning individuals in vibrant companies. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1999.

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Services, Centre for Public, ed. The investigator's handbook: A guide to investigating companies, organisations, government and individuals. Sheffield: Centre for Public Services, 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "Individuals/Companies":

Osterle, Hubert. "Consequences for Individuals, Companies, and Society." In Life Engineering, 91–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31482-8_6.

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Mancuso, Vincenzo, Domenico Marino, Giovanni Mottura, and Michele Petrone. "Empowering Individuals, Companies and Organizations to Build Trust Through Rated and Digitalized Reputation." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 43–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45340-4_5.

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Hirsch, Dennis, Timothy Bartley, Aravind Chandrasekaran, Davon Norris, Srinivasan Parthasarathy, and Piers Norris Turner. "Data Analytics for the Social Good." In SpringerBriefs in Law, 93–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21491-2_10.

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AbstractThis chapter describes instances in which companies intentionally use advanced analytics and AI to serve the social good without any direct benefit to their own bottom lines. Broadly speaking, we found two types of “social good” projects. Some employed approaches to learn about, and inform individuals of, risks or opportunities to improve their lives. Others provided information to public bodies that enabled them to improve their planning efforts or efficiency, such as utilizing location data to improve evacuation planning during natural disasters or to track infectious diseases. The research suggested that companies are cognizant of the need to attend both to moral values and to the interests of a broad set of stakeholders, and of the fact that doing so can build trust and contribute to the company’s own well-being. In our study, many companies expressed a willingness to enter into beyond compliance ethical thinking in recognition of the convergence of their own business interests with the demands of trustworthy and responsible decision-making. These efforts raise interesting questions about companies’ moral obligation to pursue the public good and how companies will behave when the public and corporate good diverge.

Džankić, Jelena. "‘Long-Distance Citizens’: Strategies and Interests of States, Companies and Individuals in the Global Race for Wealth." In Politics of Citizenship and Migration, 137–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17632-7_5.

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Matin, Mir A., and Sheikh Tawhidul Islam. "Geospatial Applications in the HKH Region: Country Needs and Priorities." In Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 41–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_3.

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AbstractGeospatial information, defined as information that refers to a location on Earth, is becoming a critical tool in governance (Chantillon et al. in ISPRS Int J Geo-Inf 6, 2017). Over the last decade, such information has become part of mainstream information management, thereby creating a massive demand for geospatial content and solutions among individuals, private companies, and government agencies.

Kremer, Monique, Robert Went, and Godfried Engbersen. "The Importance of Better Work." In Research for Policy, 21–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78682-3_2.

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AbstractThis chapter draws on the extant scientific literature on the importance of having a job, in particular the importance of having good work. Above all, it seeks to pinpoint what good work entails. We discuss the functions of paid work and the consequences of unemployment for individuals and societies. We then turn to what economists, sociologists and psychologists have written about good work. From this literature we distil three core characteristics of good work, which also align with survey findings about what people in the Netherlands expect from their jobs. We then discuss why good work is so important for individuals, companies, the economy and society.

Nieuwenweg, Anna Cornelia, Benjamin D. Trump, Katarzyna Klasa, Diederik A. Bleijs, and Kenneth A. Oye. "Emerging Biotechnology and Information Hazards." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 131–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2086-9_9.

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AbstractBiotechnology innovation has never been more accessible to individuals, companies, and (research)organizations. Advances in genetic engineering, declining costs, and improved education have improved access to biotechnologies. Such openness has provided many benefits as biotechnology has been used to address some of the world’s most intractable problems However, increased access to biotechnology tools and knowledge may also pose risks to humans, animals, and the environment (Meyer 2013; Kera 2014; Li et al. 2017; Oye 2012).

Schillaci, Zachary. "LLM Adoption Trends and Associated Risks." In Large Language Models in Cybersecurity, 121–28. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54827-7_13.

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AbstractThe emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) is expected to impact the job market significantly, accelerating automation trends and posing a risk to traditionally creative-oriented jobs. LLMs can automate tasks in various fields, including design, journalism, and creative writing. Companies and public institutions can leverage generative models to enhance productivity and reduce workforce requirements through machine-assisted workflows and natural language interactions. While technical skills like programming may become less important in certain roles, generative models are unlikely to fully replace programmers due to the need for expertise in code validation and niche development. The enterprise landscape of LLMs comprises providers (organizations training proprietary models), integrators (technology companies fine-tuning LLMs for specific applications), and users (companies and individuals adopting LLM-powered solutions). The applications of the models include conversational search, customer service chatbots, content creation, personalized marketing, data analysis, and basic workflow automation. The regulatory landscape is rapidly evolving, with key considerations including copyright, data security, and liability. Government involvement and informed expertise are recommended to guide governance and decision-making processes in this domain.

"Register of companies and individuals." In Building Integrated Solar Technology, edited by Roland Krippner. München: DETAIL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11129/9783955533632-020.

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"International organizations, individuals, companies and groups." In Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law, 113–30. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203427712-11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Individuals/Companies":

Boritz, Efrim, and Won Gyun No. "A Gap in Perceived Importance of Privacy Policies between Individuals and Companies." In 2009 World Congress on Privacy, Security, Trust and the Management of e-Business (CONGRESS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/congress.2009.32.

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Ruseva, Petya. "ROLE OF THE LEGAL ORGANIZATIONAL FORM OF GRAIN PRODUCERS IN CASE OF NON-FEASANCE TO MAKE MONEY OBLIGATIONS." In THE LAW AND THE BUSINESS IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/lbcs2020.184.

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The choice of the legal-organizational form of the grain producers in settling their financial relations is of special importance for the creditors, considering the possibility of the farms to function as companies and as individuals. The elaboration sets out the risks for creditors in case of taking coercive actions for collection of receivables from grain producers - individuals and gran producers - commercial companies.

Turchina, Svitlana, Kateryna Turchina, and Liudmyla Dashutina. "RESEARCH OF THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ONE OF THE WORLD’S LEADING COUNTRIES." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.111.

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The article addressed the community as the smallest unit in geography scope, which unites individuals, companies, and government. The role of each one is significant and irreplaceable. For this paper, the community is as a synergy between group of individuals, institutions, and a government that live and (or) operate within geographical, political, social, and economic boundaries. This article focuses on banks, as a link between individuals and government in the development process. In particular, the supply and retention of financial and human capital. The authors try to prove financial companies and banks play a key role in the community and economic development because they deliver financial capital to individuals and businesses. This research allows concluding that the Finance & Insurance industry contributes toward the development of both national and local levels with the high share and positive mix and competitive components.

Rodrigues, Ricardo Furtado. "Territorial innovation: Dynamics of business networks in economic development." In I Seven International Engineering Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniengineering-033.

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Innovation is an essential element for economic and social development, being increasingly recognized as a fundamental driver for the competitiveness of nations and companies. Given this scenario, the territory emerges as a suitable space for the generation and diffusion of innovations, where interactions between companies, institutions and individuals play a crucial role.

Braga, Maria Eduarda Justino, and Gilberto Silvestre Fachetti. "Telephone spam practiced by telemarketing companies: Recognition of compensation for disturbance of the peace." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-164.

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Telephone spamming by telemarketing companies has become increasingly common in Brazil and around the world, basically consisting of making unwanted calls to offer products or services to potential customers. The problem, and consequently one of the focuses of this research, is the recognition of this practice as an emulative illicit act, since companies use personal information without proper consent, disrespecting the privacy and intimacy of individuals. To make matters worse, the calls are often made outside of business hours, in a repetitive and insistent manner, thus causing inconvenience, annoyance and even financial losses.

Polovnikov, Kirill, Nikita Pospelov, and Dmitriy Skougarevskiy. "Ownership Concentration and Wealth Inequality in Russia." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/713.

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Knowledge of beneficial owners of companies is key to monitoring and managing wealth inequality in any country. Here we propose a robust and scalable network-based algorithm to reveal hidden ultimate owners in public ownership data. Our approach is based on the idea of Katz centrality in complex networks and circumvents the problem of cyclic ownership used to obscure effective control through closed chains of intermediaries. When applied to a country-scale directed ownership network with 6 million nodes, the algorithm identifies ultimate holders of every organisation in 2021’s Russia. The distribution of asset ownership in the country follows a power law, indicating strong wealth inequality with Gini index of 0.93. 51.7% of net assets of non-financial companies are ultimately held by the state and state-owned enterprises, 25.0% — by individuals (incl. 3.4% held by Forbes–200-listed individuals), and 11.3% are owned by foreign entities (incl. 5.7% in tax havens).

Utica, Doina. "Monetary system of the Republic of Moldova." In Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359030.21.

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Internal monetary systems are very similar today in all major countries of the world. They have three levels: (1) holders of money (“the public”), comprising individuals, businesses and government units, (2) commercial banks (private or government-owned), which borrow from the public, mainly through deposits, and lend to individuals, companies or governments, and (3) central banks, which have a monopoly on the issuance of certain types of money, serve as bankers for central government and commercial banks and have the power to determine the amount of money. The public holds their money in two ways: as currency (including currency) and bank deposits.

Milijić, Ana, Andrija Popović, and Nevenka Vojvodić-Miljković. "Empirical Research on the Impact of Intellectual Capital as a Determinant of the Growth of Market Value of Companies." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.157.

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The development of information and communication technologies and the creation of knowledge bases has resulted in a large number of incremental and radical innovations in various spheres. The condition for the survival of companies in the knowledge economy is to meet the increasingly sophisticated needs of consumers. In order for companies to follow this trend, it is necessary to constantly improve (innovate) their products and/or services and create added value for the consumer, which is a source of creating and maintaining a competitive advantage in the market. As innovations “repose” in the knowledge of individuals, companies invest a significant amount of financial resources in the education of their employees because they represent a part of the intellectual capital of the company. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the relationship between investment in R&D and market cap. The aim is to show how investing in research and development affects the market value of companies.

Serpa, Teresa, and Fernando Moreira da Silva. "User Centered Design Principles for Entrepreneurs: Quality and Sustainability Since Start-Ups Beginning." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001322.

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This paper aims to enhance the importance of User Centered Design specifically for entrepreneurs, improving their companies and products and/or services. The focus of the research project concerns the importance of Design in service start-ups. The current situation, with the economical crisis and the consequent unemployment, created the opportunity for many individuals to develop their own companies, generating jobs for themselves and others. Usually, those entrepreneurs choose the same work industry where they have previous experience and know-how. Anyhow we have to consider that the average of startup companies end before being three years old. Before the creation, during daydreaming and the “kitchen table meetings” phase, people underestimate the time and effort needed to create, raise and maintain this kind of companies. This is a very important moment for the company’s maintenance and future. Focusing on the paradigm change, companies and entrepreneurs need to adapt themselves to the new reality through know-how. We underline the importance of User Centered Design (methodology and tools), Ergonomics and Human Factors to develop the projects in those small companies, which are fundamental to operationalize, enhance quality and increase global sustainability leading as main research result to a model where those are core aspects.

Milijić, Ana, and Vanja Vukojević. "INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL PERFORMANCE REPORTING MODELS." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.279.

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For a knowledge-based economy, the basic drivers of economic growth and development are the knowledge, innovation and specific skills of individuals whose „incorporation” into a product/service makes them attractive to customers in the market according to the needs of the 21st century. Thus, in the era of the knowledge economy, individuals with their knowledge, specific abilities and skills represent the basis for creating and maintaining a competitive advantage in the market. However, the traditional financial reporting model cannot fully meet the information requirements of users of 21st century financial statements due to the limited absorption of data concerning the company’s ownership of intangible resources such as knowledge, specific skills of employees and other intellectual resources. In order to fully, reliable and truthful business reporting Many companies choose to voluntarily report on non-financial performance through various reports such as the Business Report and the Notes to the Financial Statements. The aim of this paper is to present modern models of reporting on intellectual capital and to point out possible directions of their further development in the future. Also, in this paper, special emphasis is placed on segments of business assets whose balance sheet (non) coverage leads to significant differences between the book and market values of companies.

Звіти організацій з теми "Individuals/Companies":

Dütsch, Matthias, and Ralf Himmelreicher. Characteristics contributing to low- and minimum-wage labour in Germany. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-54129.

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In this article we examine the characteristics of individuals, companies, and industries involved in low-wage labour in Germany to understand their impact on the risks workers face of earning hourly wages that are below the minimum-wage and low-wage thresholds. To identify these characteristics, we use the Structure of Earnings Survey 2014 (SES). The SES is a mandatory survey of companies which provides information on wages and working hours from about 1 million jobs and nearly 70,000 compa-nies from all industries. This data allows us to present the first systematic analysis of the interaction of individual-, company-, and industry-level factors on minimum- and low-wage working in Germany. Using a descriptive analysis, we first give an overview of typical low-paying jobs, companies, and in-dustries. Second, we use random intercept-only models to estimate the explanatory power of the indi-vidual, company, and industry levels. One main finding is that the influence of individual characteristics on wage levels is often overstated: Less than 25 percent of the differences in the employment situa-tion regarding being employed in minimum-wage or low-wage jobs can be attributed to the individual level. Third, we performed logistic and linear regression estimations to assess the risks of having a minimum- or low-wage job and the distance between a worker’s actual earnings and the minimum- and low-wage thresholds. Our findings allow us to conclude that several determinants related to indi-viduals appear to suggest a high low-wage incidence, but in fact lose their explanatory power once controls are added for factors relating to the companies or industries that employ these individuals.

Shahgholian, Azar, and David Bryde. The Relationship Between The Board of Directors’ Social Capital and Construction Firms’ Environmental Profiles. Association for Project Management, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61175/rqve8344.

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The concept of environmental sustainability has been a hot topic in recent years and is becoming an increasingly important aspect of our everyday lives due to UN and UK government initiatives such as the NetZero Project. Our study conducted by Azar Shahgholian and David Bryde (Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool) takes the first step in providing data-driven evidence of the power of the social network in enhancing organisational performance relating to achieving environmental sustainability goals in a project-intensive industry sector. The aim is to show how the social capital of those individuals working at a board level in construction companies is utilised in different ways when carrying out practices that maximise environmental performance.

Bedoya-Maya, Felipe, Lynn Scholl, Orlando Sabogal-Cardona, and Daniel Oviedo. Who uses Transport Network Companies?: Characterization of Demand and its Relationship with Public Transit in Medellín. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003621.

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Transport Network Companies (TNCs) have become a popular alternative for mobility due to their ability to provide on-demand flexible mobility services. By offering smartphone-based, ride-hailing services capable of satisfying specific travel needs, these modes have transformed urban mobility worldwide. However, to-date, few studies have examined the impacts in the Latin American context. This analysis is a critical first step in developing policies to promote efficient and sustainable transport systems in the Latin-American region. This research examines the factors affecting the adoption of on-demand ride services in Medellín, Colombia. It also explores whether these are substituting or competing with public transit. First, it provides a descriptive analysis in which we relate the usage of platform-based services with neighborhood characteristics, socioeconomic information of individuals and families, and trip-level details. Next, factors contributing to the election of platform-based services modeled using discrete choice models. The results show that wealthy and highly educated families with low vehicle availability are more likely to use TNCs compared to other groups in Medellín. Evidence also points at gender effects, with being female significantly increasing the probability of using a TNC service. Finally, we observe both transit complementary and substitution patterns of use, depending on the context and by whom the service is requested.

Roberts, Tony, Judy Gitahi, Patrick Allam, Lawrence Oboh, Oyewole Oladapo, Gifty Appiah-Adjei, Amira Galal, et al. Mapping the Supply of Surveillance Technologies to Africa: Case Studies from Nigeria, Ghana, Morocco, Malawi, and Zambia. Institute of Development Studies, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.027.

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African governments are spending over 1US$bn per year on digital surveillance technologies which are being used without adequate legal protections in ways that regularly violate citizens’ fundamental human rights. This report documents which companies, from which countries, are supplying which types of surveillance technology to African governments. Without this missing detail, it is impossible to adequately design measures to mitigate and overcome illegal surveillance and violations of human rights. Since the turn of the century, we have witnessed a digitalisation of surveillance that has enabled the algorithmic automation of surveillance at a scale not previously imaginable. Surveillance of citizens was once a labour and time-intensive process. This provided a practical limit to the scope and depth of state surveillance. The digitalisation of telephony has made it possible to automate the search for keywords across all mobile and internet communications. For the first time, state surveillance agencies can do two things: (a) conduct mass surveillance of all citizens’ communications, and (b) micro-target individuals for in-depth surveillance that draws together in real-time data from mobile calls, short message service (SMS), internet messaging, global positioning system (GPS) location, and financial transactions. This report was produced by qualitative analysis of open-source data in the public domain. The information presented is drawn from a diverse range of sources, including open government data sets, export licence portals, procurement notices, civil society databases of surveillance contracts, press releases from surveillance companies, academic articles, reports, and media coverage. The research is organised using a typology of five categories of surveillance technology. We did not set out to detail every technology available, every company, or every supply contract. Instead, we document the main companies and countries selling digital surveillance technologies to African governments. Rather than focus on the technical functionality distinguishing each product offering, we highlight five of the most important types of surveillance technology: internet interception, mobile interception, social media surveillance, ‘safe city’ technologies for the surveillance of public spaces, and biometric identification technologies.

Author, Unknown. L52297 Technologies for In-Service Measurement of Seal Gaps in Internal Floating Roof Tanks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010683.

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The industry need was to investigate current and potential technologies for the measurement of seal gaps in internal floating roof storage tanks, including methods of remote monitoring including a) identify existing seal gap measurement technologies and methodologies as well as individuals and/or companies who own the technologies, and b) identify other technologies that may prove useful to effectively measure seal gaps on tanks in service. Four technologies were identified as possible remote-inspection alternatives to the current general practice of inspecting and measuring internal floating roof seal gaps by placing personnel inside in-service tanks. At least two of these technologies, remote camera and x-ray imaging, are worthy of additional evaluation to assess the relative costs and reliability as alternatives to manual inspection and measurement. Remote camera technology has been applied specifically to seal gap measurement and shown to be a viable alternative to manual inspection. X-ray imaging technology appears to be viable as an alternative but has not been applied specifically to seal gap measurement and would require further development to affirm its suitability for this purpose..

Karam, Sofia, Morteza Nagahi, Vidanelage Dayarathna, Junfeng Ma, Raed Jaradat, and Michael Hamilton. Integrating systems thinking skills with multi-criteria decision-making technology to recruit employee candidates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41026.

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The emergence of modern complex systems is often exacerbated by a proliferation of information and complication of technologies. Because current complex systems challenges can limit an organization's ability to efficiently handle socio-technical systems, it is essential to provide methods and techniques that count on individuals' systems skills. When selecting future employees, companies must constantly refresh their recruitment methods in order to find capable candidates with the required level of systemic skills who are better fit for their organization's requirements and objectives. The purpose of this study is to use systems thinking skills as a supplemental selection tool when recruiting prospective employees. To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior research that studied the use of systems thinking skills for recruiting purposes. The proposed framework offers an established tool to HRM professionals for assessing and screening of prospective employees of an organization based on their level of systems thinking skills while controlling uncertainties of complex decision-making environment with the fuzzy linguistic approach. This framework works as an expert system to find the most appropriate candidate for the organization to enhance the human capital for the organization.

Santoro, Fabrizio, and Ronald Waiswa. Small Nets for Big Fish? Tax Enforcement on the Richest – Evidence from Uganda. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.009.

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ppropriately taxing the richest is a priority for every government, even more so in Africa, where higher revenue mobilisation is needed to fund growth. In Uganda, the revenue authority launched a specific unit to monitor the tax affairs of the richest individuals. Thanks to a close collaboration with the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA), we evaluate the impact of such policy on a range of tax filing and payment outcomes of targeted taxpayers, as gathered from a wealth of administrative data. We show that the policy only has been partially successful. While it increased the probability of filing, especially by politically relevant taxpayers, it produced a seemingly small response in which treated taxpayers would declare less on different margins, with the end result of not declaring more tax liabilities. On the tax payment side, only a small yet significant impact on tax collected is measured. In parallel, we show a strong compensating response across tax heads. Importantly, we also measure the spillover effect on companies associated with the richest taxpayers, again documenting complex compensating reactions. We inform future policymaking decisions, suggesting a higher simultaneous focus on different tax heads and a more holistic approach to monitoring both individual and corporate tax accounts.

Salter, R., Natàlia Garcia-Reyero, Alicia Ruvinsky, Maria Seale, and Edward Perkins. Adverse outcome pathways for engineered systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47336.

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Companies and organizations around the world spend massive amounts of money each year to discover, predict, and remediate failures within engineered systems. These tasks require individuals with specialized knowledge in a variety of topics related to failure. This knowledge is often acquired through years of academic and on-the-job training centered around the review of scientific documentation such as books, reports, manuals, and peer-reviewed publications. The loss of this knowledge through employee attrition can be detrimental to a group as knowledge is often difficult to reacquire. The aggregation and representation of known failure mechanisms for engineered materials could aid in the sharing of knowledge, the acquisition of knowledge, and the discovery of failure causes, reducing the risk of failure. Thus, the current work proposes the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Engineered Systems (AOP-ES) framework, an extension of the Adverse Outcome Pathway used in toxicology. The AOP-ES is designed to document failure knowledge, enabling knowledge transfer and the prediction of failures of novel engineered materials based on the performance of similar materials. This paper introduces the AOP-ES framework and its key elements alongside the principles that govern the framework. An application of the framework is presented, and additional benefits are explored.

Lawrence, David. UK trade and the war in Ukraine. Royal Institute of International Affairs, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135379.

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- The UK is less exposed to the direct effects of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine than its European neighbours. However, the indirect and longer-term effects of the war on UK trade could still be significant. - Inflationary pressure worldwide will contribute to price rises in the UK, particularly for food and energy. The ongoing effects of both Brexit – which has caused cross-border supply frictions and worker shortages – and the COVID-19 pandemic – which led to pent-up domestic demand and further reduced the labour force – will only increase this upward pressure. - The war has prompted increased scrutiny of London’s role as a centre for kleptocratic wealth from Russia and elsewhere, and has lead the UK government to impose sanctions against Russian-linked individuals and companies. This could impact inward investment directly, through legal restrictions on business activities, or indirectly, by indicating that the UK is no longer open to trade with certain countries. - In the longer term, post-war Ukraine’s future status and trading relationship with the EU could affect the UK, as the process of defining Ukraine’s position with regard to the EU may encourage Brussels to revisit its relations with the UK or even to explore alternative models for other non-member countries on the EU’s periphery. - A renewed focus on European security could also encourage the UK and EU to improve trade, security and political ties. The need to enhance security closer to home may also cause the UK to rethink the ‘Indo-Pacific tilt’ outlined in the 2021 Integrated Review.

Goyeneche, Laura, Cynthia Boruchowicz, Florencia Lopez Boo, Luis Tejerina, Benjamin Roseth, and Jennifer Nelson. Pandemics, privacy, and adoption of technology: Perceptions of the use of digital tools and data sharing during COVID-19 from 10 Latin American countries. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004546.

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This study describes the perception, adoption, and acceptance factors involved in the deployment of digital technologies for public health in Latin America and considers the implications for future digital health interventions. We conducted a descriptive analysis using nationally representative data from a phone survey conducted in 2020 in 10 countries in Latin America. We found that early in the pandemic, in countries with existing applications, 74% of the population used a smartphone, 47% had knowledge of the government app to report symptoms, but only 2% reported using it. Those interviewed reported that they are willing to share their personal data during a pandemic (61%) 50 percentage points higher than in non-pandemic times, although understanding how their personal data was used by the government and private companies was extremely low. More than 70% reported that they would use an application to report symptoms and would use an app that accesses their location or that uses contact tracing technology to alert them about possible exposure. Also, at least half of the users agree with preventive measures against COVID-19 such as daily follow-up calls, tracking via GPS for quarantine enforcement, and daily visits. In all countries, adoption of digital technologies increases if individuals or their relatives report they are infected; it decreases when end-users do not trust the anonymity policies or are concerned about government surveillance. Yet, encouraging greater adoption of digital technologies strongly depends on who designed the technology. Results show that 73% of users would prefer an app designed by an international organization such as the WHO to an app designed by the local government (64%) or a telephone company (56%). The study concludes with a reflection on the promising results of digital technologies and discusses the importance of considering users perceptions, factors for acceptance, and trust when pursuing adoption of digital technologies.