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Статті в журналах з теми "Indigenous Land Corporation (Australia)"
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Walton, Nerissa, Hilary Smith, Luke Bowen, Paul Mitchell, Emma Pethybridge, Tracey Hayes, and Michael O'Ryan. "Opportunities for fire and carbon on pastoral properties in the savanna rangelands: perspectives from the Indigenous Land Corporation and the Northern Territory Cattlemen's Association." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 4 (2014): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Understanding both the carbon dynamics within Australia’s northern savannas and the opportunities presented through diversification into carbon markets is of relevance to pastoral land managers both in Australia and globally. The Indigenous Land Corporation (ILC), through its role in assisting Indigenous people to acquire and manage land for cultural, social, environmental and economic benefits, has operated in the carbon market and is keen to continue working with its partners to explore the opportunities to develop and broaden this further. The Northern Territory Cattlemen’s Association, as the major industry body for the pastoral industry in the Northern Territory, has been actively involved in assessing the opportunities which may be presented through greenhouse gas abatement where these are compatible with sound resource and economic management. In recent years, Australian governments have considered and developed diversified carbon abatement opportunities for farmers, particularly through the Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI). Australian Carbon Credit Units generated through the CFI can contribute to meeting Australia’s commitments under international agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The opportunity for economic diversification into carbon farming on marginal land where the primary land use is pastoralism is of particular interest, particularly where it can lead to strengthened economic returns, jobs and other benefits for Indigenous people. Lessons learnt from the ILC’s Fish River Fire Project demonstrate the potential, but also emphasise the need for further research into the practicalities of introducing carbon projects into predominantly pastoral landscapes in Australia and internationally. It is suggested that several issues require further assessment by pastoralists who may be considering engaging in the CFI or other carbon markets.
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Cleary, Paul. "Native title contestation in Western Australia's Pilbara region." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v3i3.182.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rights afforded to Indigenous Australians under the Native Title Act 1993 (NTA) are very limited and allow for undue coercion by corporate interests, contrary to the claims of many prominent authors in this field. Unlike the Commonwealth’s first land rights law, Aboriginal Lands Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (ALRA) , the NTA does not offer a right of veto to Aboriginal parties; instead, they have a right to negotiate with developers, which has in practice meant very little leverage in negotiations for native title parties. And unlike ALRA, developers can deal with any Indigenous corporation, rather than land councils. These two factors have encouraged opportunistic conduct by some developers and led to vexatious litigation designed to break the resistance of native title parties, as demonstrated by the experience of Aboriginal corporations in the iron ore-rich Pilbara region of Western Australia.
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Campbell, David. "Application of an integrated multidisciplinary economic welfare approach to improved wellbeing through Aboriginal caring for country." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 4 (2011): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The lands held by Aboriginal people are mostly located in the Australian desert, aside from pastoral country purchased under the Indigenous Land Corporation, they are among the least amenable to agricultural production. Social expectations regarding land use are undergoing a multifunctional transition with a move away from a focus on production, to increased amenity and conservation uses. This change means that Aboriginal people with cultural connections to country enjoy an absolute advantage in managing country through their application of land care involving Indigenous ecological knowledge. An integrated multidisciplinary economic welfare approach, based on data from northern Australia and the central Australian desert, is used to demonstrate the role Aboriginal people can play in caring for country. Such engagement can be to the advantage of Aboriginal people through a multiplicity of private and public good benefits, such as improving Aboriginal health, maintaining biodiversity, and the mitigation of climate change impacts through possible greenhouse gas biosequestration and the reduction of dust storms – which are an important vector of disease.
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Finau, Glenn, Diane Jarvis, Natalie Stoeckl, Silva Larson, Daniel Grainger, Michael Douglas, Ewamian Aboriginal Corporation, et al. "Accounting for Indigenous cultural connections to land: insights from two Indigenous groups of Australia." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 36, no. 9 (August 28, 2023): 370–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-08-2022-5971.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThis paper aims to present the findings of a government-initiated project that sought to explore the possibility of incorporating cultural connections to land within the federal national accounting system using the United Nations Systems of Environmental-Economic Accounting (UN-SEEA) framework as a basis.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a critical dialogic approach and responding to the calls for critical accountants to engage with stakeholders, the authors worked with two Indigenous groups of Australia to develop a system of accounts that incorporates their cultural connections to “Country”. The two groups were clans from the Mungguy Country in the Kakadu region of Northern Territory and the Ewamian Aboriginal Corporation of Northern Queensland. Conducting two-day workshops on separate occasions with both groups, the authors attempted to meld the Indigenous worldviews with the worldviews embodied within national accounting systems and the UN-SEEA framework.FindingsThe models developed highlight significant differences between the ontological foundations of Indigenous and Western-worldviews and the authors reflect on the tensions created between these competing worldviews. The authors also offer pragmatic solutions that could be implemented by the Indigenous Traditional Owners and the government in terms of developing such an accounting system that incorporates connections to Country.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to providing a contemporary case study of engagement with Indigenous peoples in the co-development of a system of accounting for and by Indigenous peoples; it also contributes to the ongoing debate on bridging the divide between critique and praxis; and finally, the paper delves into an area that is largely unexplored within accounting research which is national accounting.
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Jarvis, Diane, Natalie Stoeckl, Jane Addison, Silva Larson, Rosemary Hill, Petina Pert, and Felecia Watkin Lui. "Are Indigenous land and sea management programs a pathway to Indigenous economic independence?" Rangeland Journal 40, no. 4 (2018): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper focuses on Indigenous business development, an under-researched co-benefit associated with investment in Indigenous land and sea management programs (ILSMPs) in northern Australia. More than 65% of ILSMPs undertake commercial activities that generate revenue and create jobs. In addition to generating environmental benefits, ILSMPs thus also generate economic benefits (co-benefits) that support Indigenous aspirations and help to deliver multiple government objectives. We outline key features of northern Australian economies, identifying factors that differentiate them from Western urbanised economies. We discuss literature highlighting that, if the aim is to stimulate (short-term) economic development in northern Indigenous economies, then the requirement is to stimulate demand for goods and services that are produced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (herein referred to as Indigenous people), and which generate benefits that align with the goals and aspirations of Indigenous people. We also discuss literature demonstrating the importance of promoting a socio-cultural environment that stimulates creativity, which is a core driver of innovation, business development and long-term development. ILSMPs have characteristics suggestive of an ability to kick-start self-sustaining growth cycles, but previous research has not investigated this. Using 8 years of data relating to Indigenous businesses that are registered with the Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations (a subset of all Indigenous businesses), we use statistical tests (Granger causality tests) to check whether ILSMP expenditure in the first year has a positive impact on Indigenous business activity in subsequent years. This analysis (of admittedly imperfect data) produces evidence to support the proposition that expenditure on ILSMPs generates positive spillovers for Indigenous businesses (even those not engaged in land management), albeit with a 3-year lag. ILSMPs have been shown to be an appropriate mechanism for achieving a wide range of short-term benefits; our research suggests they may also work as catalysts for Indigenous business development, fostering sustainable economic independence.
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Waller, Lisa, Emma Mesikämmen, and Brian Burkett. "Rural radio and the everyday politics of settlement on Indigenous land." Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 6 (October 15, 2019): 805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443719876620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s Country Hour radio programmes are produced regionally and promote specific understandings of rurality. This article presents an analysis that shows Indigenous people and issues are rarely sources or topics in Country Hour, and that stories about Indigenous land use are generally broadcast only if the land is used in a way that is seen as ‘productive’ through settler colonial eyes. It also argues the programme should include Indigenous voices and understandings of the land in imagining this space. It makes a theoretical contribution to media studies by extending on concepts of the ‘rural imaginary’ and ‘settler common sense’ to argue that the programme perpetuates a discourse that legitimates and valorises the use of ‘rural’ space for non-Indigenous people, concepts and activities. Indigenous people are noticeably absent and silent. Country Hour is therefore conceptualised as a media space that continues to transmit settler colonialism and its attendant myths.
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Umbu Deta, Krisharyanto. "Marapu Resisting the Corporation to Protect the Land." Satya Widya: Jurnal Studi Agama 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33363/swjsa.v4i2.765.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The establishment of a sugar cane plantation in East Sumba has evoked conflicts and resistance from the local people. The damage to the katoda (sites to perform rituals) portrays one of the other violations causing environmental, cultural, and social damages related to the manipulation of customary land and criminalization of local people. This paper aims to discuss this conflict by accentuating, and also promoting, the paradigm of indigenous religion as a tool to understand the resistance of the Marapu community to protect their land. Indigenous Religion Paradigm implies the inter-subjective relationship between human person and non-human person (nature) in the non-hierarchical cosmology, which carries the commitments of responsibility, ethics, and reciprocity. By using this perspective, this work shows the opposite perspectives of the partnership between the corporation and the local government concerning the economic considerations and Marapu community who maintains their inter-subjective cosmology as opposed to the modern economic view. The land is understood differently by each of them. While the former only grasps the monetary side of the land, the latter religiously perceives the land as sources of life for both human and non-human person and, therefore, protects their land as the commitment to be responsible, ethical, and reciprocal.
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Dore, Jeremy, Christine Michael, Jeremy Russell-Smith, Maureen Tehan, and Lisa Caripis. "Carbon projects and Indigenous land in northern Australia." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 4 (2014): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land activities contribute ~18% of total greenhouse gas emissions produced in Australia. To help reduce these emissions, the Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI) was implemented in 2011 to encourage land projects, which reduce the production of greenhouse gases and/or sequester carbon in the land. Prospective projects include savanna fire management and rangelands management, which have high relevance in northern Australia where Indigenous landholding is strong. This paper explores the land-tenure requirements necessary for these kinds of carbon projects to be approved by the Clean Energy Regulator. It provides an introduction to the CFI before discussing the land tenure requirements in the states of Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia with respect to both emissions reduction and carbon sequestration projects. Potential issues with the current framework are highlighted, especially in relation to native title.
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Edwards, William H. "The Church and Indigenous Land Rights: Pitjantjatjara Land Rights in Australia." Missiology: An International Review 14, no. 4 (October 1986): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182968601400406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article the author, whose experience in cross-cultural communication as a missionary was used by a group of Australian Aboriginal people among whom he had worked to interpret their demand for title to their traditional land, outlines aspects of the traditional life of the Pitjantjatjara people and their conception of their relation to the land. Edwards traces the history of the dispossession of the land following European settlement, and the history of negotiations which led to the recognition of their title to the land under South Australian legislation. He comments on the role of the churches in these events and reflects on a Christian approach to indigenous land rights, noting that churches in other lands, in their mission work, are also involved with indigenous peoples in struggles to achieve just recognition to title for their land.
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Lloyd, Genevieve. "No One's Land: Australia and the Philosophical Imagination." Hypatia 15, no. 2 (2000): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2000.tb00312.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drawing on the work of Michèle Le Dœuff, this paper uses the idea of “philosophical imagination” to make visible the historical intersection between philosophical ideas, social practice, and institutional structures. It explores the role of ideas of “terra nullius” and of the “doomed race” in the formation of some crucial ways in which non-indigenous Australians have imagined their relations with indigenous peoples. The author shows how feminist reading strategies that attend to the imaginary open up ways of rethinking processes of inclusion and exclusion.
Дисертації з теми "Indigenous Land Corporation (Australia)"
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Allington, Patrick. "Indigenous land rights in (un)settled Australia /." Title page, contents and synopsis only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arma437.pdf.
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Armstrong, Rachel Julia. "Indigenous land and sea management in North Australia – The Culture-Based economy as a framework for sustainability." Thesis, Armstrong, Rachel Julia (2010) Indigenous land and sea management in North Australia – The Culture-Based economy as a framework for sustainability. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41593/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainability in north Australia is intimately connected with the future of Indigenous peoples and their lands. However, the current context on Indigenous lands more frequently features political marginalisation, welfare economies and poor health and well-being, which detract from sustainability. This thesis engages with the political and practical context for creating sustainable futures in north Australia through recognition of the current and potential value of Indigenous land and sea management. It also explores the potential to create sustainable economies based on this recognition. It analyses Commonwealth policy and discourse between 2005 and 2007 and juxtaposes this with parallel discourses that are more supportive of Indigenous settlement on country. The thesis presents the culture-based economy framework, which has evolved collaboratively throughout the research and connects it to sustainability and the national interest. Although this framework does not use the term culture in a strictly academic sense, when compared to academic discourse on culture and development, some core insights emerge. They make clear that to take culture seriously in development is to recognise the rights of people to determine their own development futures and that power and agency, dialogue and deliberation are central to sustainable development. In concluding, an argument is created whereby recognising the value of Indigenous land and sea management implies transition towards policy and practice that supports Indigenous country management and settlement on traditional lands.
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Molloy, Sally Y. "'Staying with the Trouble' of Representing Land(scape): A Personal, White, Non-Indigenous Response to Ongoing and Everyday Colonisation in Contemporary Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/402269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This arts-based research project responds to the denial of Indigenous sovereignty and ongoing processes of colonisation in Australia from a white non-Indigenous perspective. The intimate relationship between colonisation and landscape painting is highlighted through identifying a thread of uncertainty, disquiet, doubt, and discomfort in Australian landscape painting history. This establishes a legacy of white non-Indigenous responsiveness to colonisation within which to contextualise my own visual responses. The cited examples in this legacy routinely distance and depersonalise colonisation in spatial, temporal, and corporeal ways, which omits from consideration the fact that colonisation is an everyday process perpetrated by everyday people living their everyday lives. Analysis of the whiteness studies and white anti-racism discourses laid foundations for my understanding of some of the dilemmas associated with centering ‘the personal’ in my visual responses to colonisation. Subsequently, utilisng writings by Clare Land and Donna Haraway, I position whiteness as a detail of my specific subjective, locational, and historical situatedness that actually compels, constrains, shapes, informs, binds and limits the nature of my own responses to colonisation. I contend that a personal white non-Indigenous response to colonisation has the capacity to address how colonisation facilitated my existence on stolen Indigenous lands, how colonisation manifests in the shape and appearance of my personal surroundings, and how I sustain colonisation while living my everyday life. Works by contemporary white non-Indigenous artists Mark Shorter, Joan Ross, and Helen Johnson are analysed to reveal what might be described as common strategies for a critical responsiveness to colonisation. Namely: ‘critical ambiguity’, collage methods, humour and attendance to issues of subjectivity. However, while issues of subjectivity are raised by all three artists, the personal and everyday nature of colonisation is obscured in various ways, which continues the depersonalization of colonisation identified in Australian landscape painting history. The visual outcomes of this research utilise digital collage, painting, and focus on my own life. That is, they derive from a personal photographic archive of ‘details’ relating to colonisation as it is evident in my own backyard, habits, and possessions. Both the process of gathering this archive and the process of making collage-paintings from it, can be understood in relation to Haraway’s terms of ‘staying with the trouble’. That is: I have chosen the awkwardness of intensely inhabiting and documenting the specificities of my own body, time, and place in order to respond. The collage-paintings that are the outcomes of this research, locate and visualise everyday manifestations of colonisation in order to acknowledge that colonisation is an everyday process perpetrated by everyday people living their everyday lives. These works are visual manifestations of my personal situatedness in relation to, or rather my white non-Indigenous relationship with, colonisation. This research, both written and visual, does not claim to resolve tensions, answer questions, offer solutions, or ameliorate disputes. Nor does it exist in the interests of overcoming Australia’s colonial past and present. Rather it might be apprehended in terms of ‘living with’ this colonial past and present in material and symbolic terms.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
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Burn, Geoffrey Livingston. "Land and reconciliation in Australia : a theological approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/117230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a work of Christian theology. Its purpose is twofold: firstly to develop an adequate understanding of reconciliation at the level of peoples and nations; and secondly to make a practical contribution to resolving the problems in Australia for the welfare of all the peoples, and of the land itself. The history of the relationships between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Australia has left many problems, and no matter what the non-Indigenous people try to do, the Indigenous peoples of Australia continue to experience themselves as being in a state of siege. Trying to understand what is happening, and what can be done to resolve the problems for the peoples of Australia and the land, have been the implicit drivers for the theological development in this thesis. This thesis argues that the present generation in any trans-generational dispute is likely to continue to sin in ways that are shaped by the sins of the past, which explains why Indigenous peoples in Australia find themselves in a stage of siege, even when the non-Indigenous peoples are trying to pursue policies which they believe are for the welfare of all. The only way to resolve this is for the peoples of Australia to seek reconciliation. In particular, the non-Indigenous peoples need to repent, both of their own sins, and the sins of their forebears. Reconciliation processes have become part of the international political landscape. However, there are real concerns about the justice of pursuing reconciliation. An important part of the theological development of this thesis is therefore to show that pursuing reconciliation establishes justice. It is shown that the nature of justice, and of repentance, can only be established by pursuing reconciliation. Reconciliation is possible because God has made it possible, and is working in the world to bring reconciliation. Because land is an essential part of Indigenous identity in Australia, the history of land in court cases and legislation in Australia over the past half century forms an important case study in this work. It is shown that, although there was significant repentance within the non-Indigenous legal system in Australia, the degree of repentance available through that legal system is inherently limited, and so a more radical approach is needed in order to seek reconciliation in Australia. A final chapter considers what the non-Indigenous people of Australia need to do in order to repent.
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Gill, Nicholas Geography & Oceanography Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Outback or at home? : environment, social change and pastoralism in Central Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Geography and Oceanography, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38728.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the responses of non-indigenous pastoralists in Central Australian rangelands to two social movements that profoundly challenge their occupancy, use and management of land. Contemporary environmentalism and Aboriginal land rights have both challenged the status of pastoralists as valued primary producers and bearers of a worthy pioneer heritage. Instead, pastoralists have become associated with land degradation, biodiversity loss, and Aboriginal dispossession. Such pressure has intensified in the 1990s in the wake of the native Title debate, and various conservation campaigns in the arid and semi-arid rangelands. The pressure on pastoralists occur in the context of wider reassessment of the social and economic values or rangelands in which pastoralism is seen as having declined in value compared to ???post-production??? land uses. Reassessments of rangelands in turn are part of the global changes in the status of rural areas, and of the growing flexibility in the very meaning of ???rural???. Through ethnographic fieldwork among largely non-indigenous pastoralists in Central Australia, this thesis investigates the nature and foundations of pastoralists??? responses to these changes and critiques. Through memory, history, labour and experience of land, non-indigenous pastoralists construct a narrative of land, themselves and others in which the presence of pastoralism in Central Australia is naturalised, and Central Australia is narrated as an inherently pastoral landscape. Particular types of environmental knowledge and experience, based in actual environmental events and processes form the foundation for a discourse of pastoral property rights. Pastoralists accommodate environmental concerns, through advocating environmental stewardship. They do this in such a way that Central Australia is maintained as a singularly pastoral landscape, and one in which a European, or ???white???, frame of reference continues to dominate. In this way the domesticated pastoral landscapes of colonialism and nationalism are reproduced. The thesis also examines Aboriginal pastoralism as a distinctive form of pastoralism, which fulfils distinctly Aboriginal land use and cultural aspirations, and undermines the conventional meaning of ???pastoralism??? itself. The thesis ends by suggesting that improved dialogue over rangelands futures depends on greater understanding of the details and complexities of local relationships between groups of people, and between people and land.
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Dix, Samuel S. "Understanding contact, hybridity, conservatism and innovation in archaeological superimposition of rock art. Djulirri, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/410540.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The archaeology of contact rock art in Australia is an emerging field exploring Indigenous reactions to encounters with outsiders, which has gained momentum over the past couple of decades. In this research, the impact of contact seen in rock art and archaeology was assessed, with a focus on the Northern Territory, Australia. Specifically, in Arnhem Land, the Djulirri rock shelter was chosen as the key case study because of its excellent and unique collection of contact rock art. To understand contact narratives more broadly, this thesis focuses on how hybridity (merging of cultures), conservatism (reluctance for change) and innovation (innovations coming from contact) impacted on the nature of recent rock art production at Djulirri’s Main Gallery, through the superimposition of rock art. This superimposition was detailed by digitally tracing each motif so that the stratigraphic profile of the motifs could be determined and an understanding of contact could be made. It is through this analysis that the contact narrative is made, exploring what new forms of rock art emerged, and what techniques can be applied to provide a more detailed understanding of contact rock art. I conclude this thesis by arguing that hybridity, conservatism and innovation were all factors in the contact archaeology of Djulirri. I argue that contact was a turbulent time for Indigenous Australians and that the rock art produced at Djulirri was completed to inform people about a changing world. This rock art was not carried out over prolonged periods, but as bursts of activity as a reaction to a particular event or change. Artists created hybrid ways of producing rock art, where they were innovative in their responses to this contact, but still held conservative values of how this information was delivered. Senior Traditional Owner R. Lamilami called Djulirri a library for his people. Through the process of digitally interrogating the stratigraphic profile of the site, placing the motifs in a chronological context, and understanding hybridity, conservatism and innovation, R. Lamilami’s beliefs are reinforced.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc
Arts, Education and Law
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Ujma, Susan. "A comparative study of indigenous people's and early European settlers' usage of three Perth wetlands, Western Australia, 1829-1939." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study takes as its focus the contrasting manner in which the Nyoongar indigenous people and the early European settlers utilised three wetland environments in southwest Australia over the century between 1829 and 1939. The thesis offers both an ecological and a landscape perspective to changes in the wetlands of Herdsman Lake, Lake Joondalup and Loch McNess. The chain of interconnecting linear lakes provides some of the largest permanent sources of fresh water masses on the Swan Coastal Plain. This thesis acknowledges the importance of the wetland system to the Nyoongar indigenous people.
The aim of this research is to interpret the human intervention into the wetland ecosystems by using a methodology that combines cultural landscape, historical and biophysical concepts as guiding themes. Assisted by historical maps and field observations, this study offers an ecological perspective on the wetlands, depicting changes in the human footprint on its landscape, and mapping the changes since the indigenous people’s sustainable ecology and guardianship were removed. These data can be used and compared with current information to gain insights into how and why modification to these wetlands occurred.
An emphasis is on the impact of human settlement and land use on natural systems. In the colonial period wetlands were not generally viewed as visually pleasing; they were perceived as alien and hostile environments. Settlers saw the land as an economic commodity to be exploited in a money economy. Thus the effects of a sequence of occupances and their transformation of environments as traditional Aboriginal resource use gave way to early European settlement, which brought about an evolution and cultural change in the wetland ecosystems, and attitudes towards them.
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Venn, Darren Peter. "A changing cultural landscape Yanchep National Park, Western Australia /." Connect to thesis, 2008. http://portalapps.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2008.0012.html.
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Bernard, Virginie. "Quand l'Etat se mêle de la "tradition" : la lutte des Noongars du Sud-Ouest australien pour leur reconnaissance." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse cherche à rendre compte des réponses que les Aborigènes Noongars du sud-ouest de l’Australie Occidentale déploient face aux discours sur la « tradition » et la « modernité » qui sont construits au sein des institutions et par les acteurs de l’État avec lesquels ils interagissent et auxquels ils sont tour à tour confrontés. L’étude de ces discours, des conditions de leur production et de leurs effets permet d’envisager les concepts de « tradition » et de « modernité » comme des moyens d’action et des techniques sociales mobilisés pour éliminer la différence culturelle dans la mise en œuvre d’un « devenir commun ».L’État australien produit ses propres définitions antagonistes de la « tradition » et de la « modernité », catégories pensées comme étant mutuellement exclusives. Dans certains contextes, il est attendu des Noongars d’être « traditionnels », alors que dans d’autres ils doivent se montrer « modernes ». Les Noongars se trouvent ainsi pris dans une contradiction : ils tendent vers la « modernité » pour rester « traditionnels » et, inversement, ils sont maintenus dans leurs « traditions » lorsqu’ils doivent faire preuve de « modernité ». Dans leurs diverses tentatives de s’intégrer à la nation australienne tout en conservant leurs spécificités, les Noongars redéfinissent leur « identité culturelle ». Pour cela, ils s’approprient, contestent et négocient l’image de l’Aboriginalité qui leur est présentée et se façonnent une identité contemporaine propre, sans pour autant s’opposer radicalement au mythe national de l’Aboriginalité.En analysant les divers processus par lesquels les Aborigènes Noongars revendiquent leur reconnaissance et tentent d’acquérir un degré de souveraineté au sein d’un État-nation, cette thèse enrichit les réflexions sur l’autochtonie en tant que catégorie politique et contingente. Il s’agit d’aborder les questions autochtones comme des réalités discursives devant être analysées dans les contextes ethnographiques particuliers où elles sont produites et articuléesThis thesis seeks to account for the responses that the Noongar Aborigines from the South West of Western Australia display to the discourses of "tradition" and "modernity" that are built within institutions and by state actors, with whom they interact and to which they are in turn confronted. The study of these discourses, the conditions of their production and their effects makes it possible to consider the concepts of “tradition” and “modernity” as means of action and social techniques mobilised to eliminate cultural difference in the implementation of a “common becoming”.The Australian state produces its own antagonistic definitions of “tradition” and “modernity”, categories thought to be mutually exclusive. In some contexts, Noongars are expected to be “traditional”, while in others they must be “modern”. The Noongars are thus caught in a contradiction: they tend towards “modernity” to remain “traditional” and, conversely, they are kept in their “traditions” when they have to show “modernity”. In their various attempts to integrate into the Australian nation, while retaining their specificities, the Noongars are redefining their “cultural identity”. For this, they appropriate, challenge, negotiate the image of the Aboriginality presented to them and shape their own contemporary identity, without radically opposing the national myth of Aboriginality.By analysing the various processes by which the Noongar Aborigines claim their recognition and attempt to acquire a degree of sovereignty within a nation-state, this thesis enriches reflections on Indigeneity as a political and contingent category. It is about addressing indigenous issues as discursive realities that need to be analysed in the particular ethnographic contexts in which they are produced and articulated
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Mwebaza, Rose. "The right to public participation in environmental decision making a comparative study of the legal regimes for the participation of indigneous [sic] people in the conservation and management of protected areas in Australia and Uganda /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/22980.
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"August 2006"Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Law, 2007.
Bibliography: p. 343-364.
Abstract -- Candidate's certification -- Acknowledgements -- Acronyms -- Chapter one -- Chapter two: Linking public participation to environmental decision making and natural resources management -- Chapter three: The right to public participation -- Chapter four: Implementing the right to public participation in environmental decision making : the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas -- Chapter five: The legal and policy regime for the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas in Australia -- Chapter six: The legal and policy regime for the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas in Uganda -- Chapter seven: Implementing public participation in environmental decision making in Australia and Uganda : a comparative analysis -- Chapter eight: The right to public participation in enviromental decision making and natural resources management : summary and conclusions -- Bibliography.
In recognition of the importance of public participation as a basis for good governance and democracy, Mr Kofi Annan, Secretary General to the United Nations, has noted that: "Good governance demands the consent and participation of the governed and the full participation and lasting involvement of all citizens in the future of their nation. The will of the people must be the basis of governmental authority. That is the foundation of democracy. That is the foundation of good governance Good governance will give every citizen, young or old, man or woman, a real and lasting stake in the future of his or her society". The above quotation encapsulates the essence of what this thesis has set out to do; to examine the concept of public participation and its application in environmental governance within the context of the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas in Australia and Uganda. The concept of public participation is of such intrinsic importance that it has emerged as one of the fundamental principles underpinning environmental governance and therefore forms the basis for this study. -- Environmental governance, as a concept that captures the ideal of public participation, is basically about decisions and the manner in which they are made. It is about who has 'a seat at the table' during deliberations and how the interests of affected communities and ecosystems are represented. It is also about how decision makers are held responsible for the integrity of the process and for the results of their decisions. It relates to business people, property owners, farmers and consumers. Environmental governance is also about the management of actions relating to the environment and sustainable development. It includes individual choices and actions like participating in public hearings or joining local watchdog groups or, as consumers, choosing to purchase environmentally friendly products. -- The basic principles behind good governance and good environmental decision making have been accepted for more than a decade. The 178 nations that attended the Rio Summit in 1992 all endorsed these nvironmental governance principles when they signed the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Rio Declaration) - a charter of 27 principles meant to guide the world community towards sustainable development. The international community re-emphasised the importance of these principles at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. -- The right to public participation in nvironmental decision making and natural resources management is one of the 27 principles endorsed by the nations of the world and is embodied in the provisions of Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration.
Environmental decisions occur in many contexts. They range from personal choices like whether to walk or drive to work, how much firewood to burn, or whether to have another child. They encompass the business decisions that communities or corporations make about where to locate their facilities, how much to emphasise eco-friendly product design and how much land to preserve. They include national laws enacted to conserve the environment, to regulate pollution, manage public land or regulate trade. They take into account international commitments made to regulate trade in endangered species or limit acid rain or C02 emissions. -- Environmental decisions also involve a wide range of actors: individuals; local, state and national governments; community and tribal authorities such as indigenous peoples; civic organisations; interested groups; labour unions; national and transactional corporations; scientists; and international bodies such as the United Nations, the European Union, and the World Trade Organisation. -- Each of the actors have different interests, different levels of authority and different information, making their actions complex and frequently putting their decisions at odds with each other and with ecological processes that sustain the natural systems we depend on. -- Accordingly, this thesis aims to examine participation in environmental decision making in a way that demonstrates these complexities and interdependencies. It will explore the theoretical and conceptual basis for public participation and how it is incorporated into international and domestic environmental and natural resources law and policy. -- It will examine public participation in the context of the legal and policy framework for the conservation and management of protected areas and will use case studies involving the participation of indigeneous peoples in Australia and Uganda to provide the basis for a comparative analysis. -- The thesis will also faces on a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and meaningfulness of the process for public participation in environmental decision making in Australia and Uganda. There is extensive literature on the purposes to which participation may be put; the stages in the project cycle at which it should be employed; the level and power with regard to the decision making process which should be afforded to the participants; the methods which may be appropriate under the different circumstances, as well as detailed descriptions of methods; approaches and forms or typologies of public participation; and the benefits and problems of such participation.
However, there is not much significant literature that examines and analyses the meaningfulness and effectiveness of the contextual processes of such participation. This is despite the widespread belief in the importance and value of public participation, particularly by local and indigenous communities, even in the face of disillusionment caused by deceit, manipulation and tokenism. Accordingly, the thesis will use case studies to demonstrate the meaningfulness and effectiveness or otherwise of public participation in environmental decision making in protected area management. -- Increasingly, the terminology of sustainable development is more appropriate to describe contemporary policy objectives in this area, with an emphasis on promoting local livelihood and poverty alleviation within the constraints of ecosystem management. However, the domestic legal frameworks, and institutional development, in Australia and Uganda tend to reflect earlier concepts of environmental and natural resources management (referred to as environmental management in this thesis). There are some significant differences between a North (developed) nation and a South (developing) nation, in terms of the emphasis on economic objectives, political stability, resources and legal and administrative capacity. The thesis intends to explore these differences for the comparative analysis and to draw on them to highlight the complexities and interdependencies of public participation by indigenous peoples in environmental decision making, natural resources and protected area management.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
377 p
Книги з теми "Indigenous Land Corporation (Australia)"
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Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, ed. Policy change and the indigenous land corporation. Canberra, A.C.T: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 2009.
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2
David, Martin, and National Native Title Tribunal (Australia), eds. Native title corporations: A legal and anthropological analysis. Sydney: Federation Press, 2000.
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3
Cunneen, Chris. Indigenous people and the law in Australia. Sydney: Butterworths, 1995.
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Langton, Marcia. Burning questions: Emerging environmental issues for indigenous peoples in Northern Australia. Darwin: Centre for Indigenous Natural and Cultural Resource Management, Northern Territory University, 1998.
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N, Westbury, ed. Beyond humbug: Transforming government engagement with indigenous Australia. West Lakes, S. Aust: Seaview Press, 2007.
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Hercus, Luise. The Land is a Map: Placenames of Indigenous Origin in Australia. Canberra: ANU Press, 2009.
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Loretta, Kelly, ed. Resolving indigenous disputes: Land conflict and beyond. Leichhardt, N.S.W: Federation Press, 2008.
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Indigenous literature of Australia =: Milli milli wangka. South Melbourne, Victoria: Hyland House, 1997.
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Peter, Jull, Australian National University. North Australian Research Unit., and Central Land Council (Australia), eds. Surviving Columbus: Indigenous peoples, political reform, and environmental management in North Australia. Darwin: North Australia Research Unit, Australian National University, 1994.
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Alan, Rumsey, and Weiner James F, eds. Mining and indigenous lifeworlds in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Wantage: Sean Kingston Pub., 2004.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Indigenous Land Corporation (Australia)"
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Jackson, Sue. "Land Rights." In Planning in Indigenous Australia, 155–74. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The RTPI library series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315693668-11.
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Patrick, Wantarri Steve Jampijimpa, and Mary Spiers Williams. "Thoughts on the ‘Law of the Land’ and the Persistence of Aboriginal Law in Australia." In Indigenous Justice, 143–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60645-7_10.
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Altman, Jon. "Benefit Sharing is No Solution to Development: Experiences from Mining on Aboriginal Land in Australia." In Indigenous Peoples, Consent and Benefit Sharing, 285–302. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3123-5_15.
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Concu, Nanni. "Indigenous Development Through Payments for Environmental Services in Arnhem Land, Australia: A Critical Analysis." In Studies in Ecological Economics, 171–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5176-7_9.
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Fowler, Madeline, and Lester-Irabinna Rigney. "Collaboration, Collision, and (Re)Conciliation: Indigenous Participation in Australia’s Maritime Industry—A Case Study from Point Pearce/Burgiyana, South Australia." In When the Land Meets the Sea, 53–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48787-8_4.
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Cunningham, Stuart, Jane W. Davidson, and Alethea Blackler. "Conclusion." In Arts, Research, Innovation and Society, 215–19. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56114-6_16.
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AbstractLet us start with two pieces of data, one from history and one from economics, and a deduction drawn from sociology and politics. The first, from 85 years ago, occurred when the judge presiding over an Australian Royal Commission into the devastating “Black Saturday” bushfires pronounced “We have not lived long enough”. What he meant was that European settlers in this country, Australia, had not learned how to live in a land characterised by climatic extremes of drought, fire and flood. The words echo in environmental historian Tom Griffiths’ “we have not yet lived long enough”, after his review of the long history of lack of preparedness for such events, despite the repetitiousness with which that lack of preparedness has issued forth from reports and enquiries too numerous to mention here. The second is the Productivity Commission’s (2014) finding that 97% of Australia’s public funds spent on disasters went to crisis management and recovery and only 3% on preparedness. What we might derive from these points is that “there is no such thing as a natural disaster” (Hartman & Squires, 2006). The history of Indigenous fire management over millennia, leading to early European settlers’ puzzlement over what appeared to be curated/estate like landscapes, underscores the fact that human preparedness and the lack of it are material factors in the severity and impact of any “natural” disaster, that is, if we may have lived long enough by now.
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Baird, Melissa F. "Landscapes of Extraction." In Critical Theory and the Anthropology of Heritage Landscapes. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056562.003.0006.
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This chapter presents ongoing research on the resource frontiers of Western Australia. Resource frontiers conceptually mark the space of enactment around people and resources, and engender revitalization and renewal as much as inequality, exploitation, and displacement. As spaces of connection, frontiers engage action: investment, extraction, negotiation, development, and divestment. They have engendered new paths and access to resources, and repositioned stakeholders as key negotiators in courts, public forums, and cultural heritage initiatives. This chapter asks: how have notions of landscapes come to be redefined in this process? Drawing from research along the Pilbara Coast of Western Australia, the chapter examines how this region represents a true resource frontier, with infrastructure (physical, political, and social) being built to support Australia’s expanding extractive operations. It shows how industry is mobilizing the language of heritage, Indigenous rights, and sustainability in their conceptions of heritage and through their corporate and social responsibility campaigns. The chapter argues that it is urgent to clarify the competing claims and trace the varied agendas of global institutions, corporations, the nation-state, and stakeholders. It examines how corporate conceptions of heritage intersect with ideas and issues surrounding land and access, indigeneity, sustainable development, and the rights of Indigenous peoples.
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Kunitz, Stephen J. "The Impact of Sociocultural Differences on Health." In Disease and Social Diversity, 121–48. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085303.003.0005.
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Abstract Previous chapters have emphasized the powerful impact that national and subnational levels of government have had on the health of the indigenous peoples of Northern America, Polynesia, and Australia. In this and the next chapter we return to the comparative method. Our focus shifts, however, to the importance of indigenous cultures for the health of their members. Our examples are the Hopi and Navajo Indians in the Southwest of the United States, chosen because they live in the same environment; have been coerced by the same government in similar ways (e.g., in regard to forced education and stock reduction in the 1930s); have been forced to acquiesce in the extraction of their natural resources in the interests of the same large corporation (e.g., the Peabody Coal Company, which operates a large strip mine on land claimed by both tribes); and are beneficiaries of the same health, education, and welfare systems. Yet they have very different cultures and patterns of social organization. They thus present yet another opportunity for comparison, this time holding constant the political, economic, and physical environment and considering differences in culture.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "Reassertion of Indigenous Environmental Rights and Knowledge." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0024.
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Indigenous peoples have always asserted their territorial, resource and other rights when threatened by encroachment, not least in the settlement colonies covered in this chapter—Canada, New Zealand, and Australia, where they were most dramatically displaced. But in the second half of the twentieth century, the aboriginal inhabitants of these countries reasserted themselves with considerable force and success, using methods very different from those of the earlier actions—including judicial channels unwittingly provided by the colonizers. In the process, displaced and dislocated communities have attempted to repossess ‘stolen’ space—physically, intellectually, and judicially. Reassertion in the United States and these three Commonwealth countries has had global ideological ripples, which is partly why we have chosen to examine them. They also share British-based legal systems and political traditions that indigenous groups have used to good effect. We are focusing here on indigenous communities in the narrower sense, in countries where whites remained the demographic majority. Their challenge was to predominantly anglophone societies, the descendants of British settlers and immigrants who arrived mostly over the last two hundred years. The discussion is limited largely to the environmental aspects of reassertion rather than legal and other ramifications; we will mention important court cases, but not cover all landmark events on the timeline of indigenous struggle. The exploration of patterns of resistance in Chapter 16 covered South Asia and Africa where colonized people remained in the demographic majority and regained political power. Though the reassertions discussed here have strategies and aims in common, they are qualitatively different. They were not so much an attempt, by force if necessary, to repel incomers and the controls they impose (it is far too late for that), or to win overall power in an anti-colonial struggle, as a highly articulate call from the heart for justice, land, and a form of self-determination. Moreover, new movements are increasingly ideological and transnational, involving organized networks that use globalized discourses of discontent. The media, internet, NGOs, and UN fora are their tools of choice, which enable activists to influence the behaviour of states and corporations. Reassertion is the opposite of retreat, one aboriginal response to conquest, and suggests that this modern phenomenon is partly about renewed confidence.
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John, Maria. "BEYOND LAND:." In Indigenous Self-Determination in Australia, 209–26. ANU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1bvncz1.15.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Indigenous Land Corporation (Australia)"
1
Urban, Rochus Urban, and Dylan Newell. "On a Field: Undoing Polarities between Indigenous and Non-indigenous Design Knowledges." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3984pnz9n.
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This paper discusses how architectural practices can engage with and be inspired by a culture that is more than 60.000 years old. How can architects learn from situated and embodied Indigenous knowledge systems in the Australian context? How can an ethical engagement with indigenous histories and practices inspire the development of future architectural practices? This paper proposes that a better understanding of indigenous relationships to land and our environment can inspire us as a society and as architects to imagine new ways of thinking and practising. Considering our numerous contemporary crises, such as climate change, species extinction, food insecurity, we might need to begin to challenge and question western European norms and frameworks. The persistence of colonial thinking, operating within a capitalist system, has been the root cause of most of our contemporary crises. To attempt to undo the polarities that persist between indigenous and non-indigenous knowledge and thinking, we might learn new ways of storytelling as a means of envisioning an alternative future. This paper understands the theme of the ‘ultra’ as that position that keeps us apart and stops us from sharing stories that might lead to alternative ways of speculating on shared spatial futures. To situate this discussion, we present a collaborative and pedagogical design experiment undertaken on the lands of the Dja Dja Wurrung. On this Country, tentative attempts to learn with the environment and its associated stories were ventured on a small field and storytelling was used to shift our understanding of country and architecture.
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Raisbeck, Peter. "Reworlding the Archive: Robin Boyd, Gregory Burgess and Indigenous Knowledge in the Architectural Archive.” between Architecture and Engineering." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3985p56dc.
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In her book Decolonising Solidarity: Dilemmas and Directions for Supporters of Indigenous Struggles, Clare Land suggest how non-Indigenous people might develop new frameworks supporting Indigenous struggles. Land argues research is deeply implicated with processes of colonisation and the appropriation of indigenous knowledge. Given that architectural archives are central to the research of architectural history, how might these archives be decolonised? This paper employs two disparate archives to develop a framework of how architectural archivists might begin to decolonise these archives. Firstly, these archives are the Grounds Romberg and Boyd Archive (GRB) at the State Library of Victoria (SLV). Secondly, the Greg Burgess Archive is now located at Avington, Sidonia in Victoria. The materials from each of these archives will be discussed in relation to two frameworks. These are the Tandanya-Adelaide Declaration endorsed by The Australian Society of Archivists (ASA) and the Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property (ICIP) framework developed by Janke (2019). These archival frameworks suggest how interconnected architectural histories and historiographies might be read, reframed and restored. Decolonising architectural archives will require a continuous process of reflection and political engagement with collections and archives. In pursuing these actions, archivists and architectural historians can begin to participate in the indigenous Reworlding of the archive.
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Kim, Dongsei. "Whose Land Are You On? Accounting for Land Acknowledgments in NAAB Accredited Schools of Architecture in the United States." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.82.
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This paper explores the concept of land acknowledgment, explaining its essence, values, and limitations. Moreover, it sheds light on a notable gap: the lack of land acknowledgments within the higher education institutions in the United States, with a particular emphasis on those that have National Architectural AccreditingBoard (NAAB) accredited professional Schools of Architecture. It explores Land Acknowledgment, a term typically referring to a formal statement or recognition made at the beginning of an event, gathering, or document. It acknowledges the Indigenous peoples and their historical connection to the land on which the event, institution, or project takes place. Land acknowledgments are often used to show respect for the Indigenous communities whose land was colonized. The paper analyzes the cultural and pedagogical merits of land acknowledgments within this context. It also endeavors to unpack their limitations, acknowledging that they can be construedas symbolic gestures devoid of substantive action. Furthermore, the paper surveys the inadequate implementation of land acknowledgments within schools of architecture in the United States, especially compared to the schools’ hosting institutions. This lack of land acknowledgments is more noticeable when compared to other countries with similar histories of colonization, such as Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. In conclusion, the paper is a brief study of land acknowledgment that offers insights into the value and the lack of land acknowledgments in the NAAB-Accredited Schools of Architecture within the higher education institutions in the US, calling for actions, and pointing to the next steps that would help to build a better inclusive learning environment for architecture students and future architects.
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Wilson, Andrew. "Centenary Estates: Private Development and Brisbane’s Post-War Expansion West." In The 39th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. PLACE NAME: SAHANZ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a5049pacf9.
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The Centenary Estates project was announced in 1959 to mark the 100th anniversary of the proclamation of the State of Queensland. It was an early private sector development; a master-planned community adjacent to the Brisbane River (Maiwar) situated between Brisbane (Meeanjin) and Ipswich (Tulmur). An industrial garden city proposal, the Industrial Garden City Darra had been developed for the same site in 1916, but never realised. The development was overseen by the LJ Hooker Investment Corporation. Also known as the Centenary Project, it organised residential, commercial and industrial areas on 3500 acres of land, allocated to six “self-sufficient” suburbs with 9 kilometres of river frontage and two adjacent industrial estates. A total of 10,261 residential lots were surveyed, anticipating 35,000 residents, with 20% of the land set aside for commercial and industrial purposes. It included the promise of an Olympic-size swimming pool, golf course and a new bridge across the river with supporting infrastructure financed by the developers, as part of a new Centenary Highway connection from the city to Ipswich through the western suburbs. The paper will give an account of the prior history of the site including the proposed Industrial Garden City at Darra, and situate Centenary Estates within Brisbane’s post-war expansion west, the shift from public to private development, new methods of promotion, lifestyle aspirations, the transfer of knowledge between government, corporations, planners, builders and architects, and a cautionary tale for the consequences of building on flood-prone farmland adjacent to the river.
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O’Rourke, Timothy, Nicole Sully, and Steve Chaddock. "From Rambling to Elevated Walkways: Piecemeal Planning Histories in National Parks." In The 39th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. PLACE NAME: SAHANZ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a5034pmvqv.
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From the late nineteenth century, ramblers, trampers and bushwalkers have been instrumental in the creation of national parks. Their advocacy combined interests in nature conservation with recreational pursuits, heralding the two competing and often contradictory purposes of national park estates. In Australia, protected wilderness areas were invariably repositories of sacred sites linked by networks of walking pads across landscapes shaped by millennia of Indigenous occupation. From the mid-twentieth century, new infrastructure was required in national parks to cater for the growth in tourism. In Australia, the state-based system of “national” parks resulted in an uneven approach to both the creation of protected areas and the design of infrastructure for the hosts and guests. This approach was in marked contrast to the United States, where the Mission 66 program – approved by Congress in 1955 – resulted in a decade-long programme of expenditure on infrastructure that established the reputation of their national park system, and ensured a systematic national approach. This paper examines the piecemeal history of planning for bushwalkers in Australian national parks through a comparison of competing interests – the minimal needs of the self-sufficient rambler with infrastructure that caters for diverse tourism experiences. Australian case studies illustrate a contested but changing approach to planning for pedestrians in protected areas, from the making of tracks by volunteers and depression-era work gangs to elevated walks through forest canopies. A historical analysis highlights the changing attitudes to tourism and conservation challenges, now informed by greater knowledge of ecology and the belated recognition of Indigenous ownership and pre-colonial land management regimes. Threats to the biodiversity in protected areas suggest that a planning approach, which combines multiple disciplines and interests, will increasingly elevate both the bushwalker and tourist in their experience of nature.