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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Indicators of the material flow"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Indicators of the material flow"

Moriguchi, Yuichi. "Material flow indicators to measure progress toward a sound material-cycle society." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 9, no. 2 (September 26, 2007): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-007-0182-0.

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Fischer‐Kowalski, M., F. Krausmann, S. Giljum, S. Lutter, A. Mayer, S. Bringezu, Y. Moriguchi, H. Schütz, H. Schandl, and H. Weisz. "Methodology and Indicators of Economy‐wide Material Flow Accounting." Journal of Industrial Ecology 15, no. 6 (August 31, 2011): 855–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00366.x.

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Patrício, João, Yuliya Kalmykova, Leonardo Rosado, and Vera Lisovskaja. "Uncertainty in Material Flow Analysis Indicators at Different Spatial Levels." Journal of Industrial Ecology 19, no. 5 (September 23, 2015): 837–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12336.

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Kulikov, Petrо, Alla Bielova, and Nataliia Zhuravska. "Two-tier integral indicator system for controlling the material flow heat-power engineering objects." USEFUL online journal 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/useful-2-4-2018-0009.

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The essence and the possibility of creation and application of a compliant two-level integrated indicator control on the technology of non-reagent water preparation in the heating systems of heat energy objects of the building industry is substantiated. Proposed scientific principles concerning development of indicator control system. It is established that quantitative characterization of components of material flows of heat systems as a measure of their additive functions and response to changes in catalytic activity is determined by their subordinated indicator control mechanism. Two-level control involves: 1) the relationship between the device for receiving magnetized water (parameters) and the heating system (specific indicators and their indices); 2) the relationship between the specific indicators characterizing the state of material flows of the heating systems and the trends of changes in material flows under the conditions of the action of electromagnetic fields on them - the hydrochemical, electrophysical and thermophysical potentials. Indicator control system provides engineering-ecological aspects of non-reagent water preparation of systems of heat energy objects of the building industry.

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Fang, Ming, Ming Li Cao, Yan Li, and Yong Li. "Material Flow Analysis on Cement Industry." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 3042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.3042.

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Since the relationship between supply and demand of natural resources is on edge in the long run, the traditional extensive growth mode of economic development needs changing. Cement is widely used in construction. Producing cement needs large amount of natural resources and releases high waste emissions. By using Material Flow Analysis, the inputs and outputs of each part of manufacturing are analyzed scientifically and the inputs, outputs and efficiency indicators are accounted. The main hidden flows come from energy consumption, and the main harmful waste is CO2which comes from fuel combustion and CaCO3decomposition. Improving resource consumption efficiency and reducing CO2emission are the key ways to alleviate pressures on the environment.

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Kim, Yu-Jeong. "Evaluation for Sustainable Resource Management In Korea using Material Flow Indicators." Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling 20, no. 6 (December 31, 2011): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2011.20.6.043.

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Zhi, Jing, Ze Qiang Fu, Peng Shen, and Bao Gao. "Analysis of Material Metabolism for Ningdong Energy(Coal) and Coal Chemical Base." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2132.

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Material flow analysis (MFA) has become a useful tool fo to analyze the metabolism of social systems. This paper proposes to use the indicators derived from MFA, complemented with water and energy indicators, to analyze the efficiency and the materialization ranks of Ningdong energy(coal) and coal chemical base (China). The companies in the base have many opportunities to improve on these aspects and the indicators can measure and reflect their evolution. In addition, the results show the importance that some flows such as water inputs which often are omitted, can have in some study cases.

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Modrak, Vladimir, and Zuzana Soltysova. "Novel Complexity Indicator of Manufacturing Process Chains and Its Relations to Indirect Complexity Indicators." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9102824.

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Manufacturing systems can be considered as a network of machines/workstations, where parts are produced in flow shop or job shop environment, respectively. Such network of machines/workstations can be depicted as a graph, with machines as nodes and material flow between the nodes as links. The aim of this paper is to use sequences of operations and machine network to measure static complexity of manufacturing processes. In this order existing approaches to measure the static complexity of manufacturing systems are analyzed and subsequently compared. For this purpose, analyzed competitive complexity indicators were tested on two different manufacturing layout examples. A subsequent analysis showed relevant potential of the proposed method.

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Amano, Koji, and Misato Ebihara. "Eco‐intensity analysis as sustainability indicators related to energy and material flow." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 16, no. 2 (April 2005): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830510583173.

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Mayer, Andreas, and Willi Haas. "Cumulative material flows provide indicators to quantify the ecological debt." Journal of Political Ecology 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v23i1.20222.

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Анотація:

There is ample evidence that an unabated growth in material consumption is likely to pass the earth system's source and sink capacities. In the face of limited resources, distributional questions increasingly gain importance. Material flow accounting is a methodological tool to trace biophysical patterns of disproportionate resource consumption across countries and the debt towards the environment, other parts of the world, and towards future generations through the excessive consumption of natural resources. At the core of this article, we address different developments of material use for individual countries and world regions from 1950 to 2010. During this phase, fossil fuel-based industrialization triggered an unprecedented growth in material consumption, mainly in the wealthy world regions of Europe, Australia, North America, and partly in the countries of the former Soviet Union, while low resource consumption persists in other regions. We thus calculated cumulative resource use from 1950 to 2010 to show the extent of this wealth built up upon countries' own resources, or through imports from other countries or world regions. We use the degree of net-import dependency of individual countries as a proxy for the ecological debt, and relate it to the domestic resource extraction in a country. Our observations show that there was a highly uneven distribution of resource extraction and use in the 60 years analyzed, which has important implications for future global resource policies.Keywords: Ecological debt, material flow accounting, international trade, global resource useRésuméIl

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Indicators of the material flow"

Eisenmenger, Nina, Dominik Wiedenhofer, Anke Schaffartzik, Stefan Giljum, Martin Bruckner, Heinz Schandl, Thomas Wiedmann, Manfred Lenzen, Arnold Tukker, and de Koning Arjan. "Consumption-based material flow indicators - Comparing six ways of calculating the Austrian raw material consumption providing six results." Elsevier, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6684/1/ECOLEC.pdf.

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Understanding the environmental implications of consumption and production depends on appropriate monitoring tools. Material flow accounting (MFA) is a method to monitor natural resource use by countries and has been widely used in research and policy. However, the increasing globalization requires the consideration of "embodied" material use of traded products. The indicator raw material consumption (RMC) represents the material use - no matter where in the world it occurs - associated with domestic final demand. It provides a consumption-based perspective complementary to the MFA indicators that have a territorial focus. Several studies on RMC have been presented recently but with diverging results; hence, a better understanding of the underlying differences is needed. This article presents a comparison of Austrian RMC for the year 2007 calculated by six different approaches (3 multi-regional input-output (MRIO) and 3 hybrid life-cycle analysis-IO approaches). Five approaches result in an RMC higher than the domestic material consumption (DMC). One hybrid LCA-IO approach calculates RMC to be lower than DMC. For specific material categories, results diverge by 50% or more. Due to the policy relevance of the RMC and DMC indicators it is paramount that their robustness is enhanced, which needs both data and method harmonization.

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González, Martínez Ana Citlalic. "Social metabolism and patterns of material use Mexico, South-America and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5812.

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La presente tesis se compone de tres artículos publicados y uno enviado para publicación. Son cuatro casos de estudio que comparten el mismo eje teórico: el metabolismo social. Usando la metodología Contabilidad de Flujos de Materiales se han medido las entradas de materiales de varias economías. Los indicadores que se obtienen aplicando esta metodología permiten caracterizar los perfiles metabólicos de las economías estudiadas, identificando los factores más importantes que los determinan. Asimismo, estos indicadores pueden considerarse como una medida indirecta de la presión que una economía ejerce en el medio ambiente. Por otra parte, esta tesis tiene como objetivo dar evidencia empírica sobre la ausencia de desmaterialización de las economías. La principal conclusión es que en este mundo globalizado, los países son cada vez más dependientes del comercio internacional y el papel que un país juega en el concierto internacional determina en gran medida la manera como utiliza sus recursos materiales. Sin embargo, esta dependencia sigue diversas trayectorias. Por una parte, identificamos un conjunto de países como España que se ha beneficiado de este proceso. En las últimas dos décadas, este país ha logrado aumentar su bienestar económico usando intensivamente recursos provenientes de otros sistemas socioeconómicos, como el petróleo. Sin embargo, el principal factor determinante de su perfil biofísico ha sido el sector de la construcción. Por otra parte, identificamos aquellos países que históricamente han basado sus economías en la extracción de recursos naturales como Chile, Ecuador, México y Perú y que actualmente no presentan un patrón uniforme de uso de recursos naturales. En Ecuador, Chile y Perú, el comercio internacional ha sido el principal determinante del patrón e intensidad del uso de los recursos naturales. Sin embargo, Ecuador sigue siendo el ejemplo típico de economía extractiva mientras que Chile ha logrado una diversificación de sus exportaciones con mayor valor agregado. Este proceso se observa pero de manera muy incipiente en Perú. Chile puede considerarse como el ejemplo más exitoso en la región del modelo basado en exportaciones de materias primas al lograr un fuerte crecimiento económico. México es un caso especial y contradictorio, porque a pesar de ser un importante exportador de petróleo, ha logrado una diversificación de su producción hacía sectores con un mayor componente tecnológico debido a la creciente presencia de la industria maquiladora. Sin embargo, no son sus flujos de exportaciones ni el crecimiento económico los principales determinantes del uso que hace de sus recursos materiales sino el crecimiento de la población. Por otra parte, se observa un incremento considerable en el uso de materiales de construcción y energéticos fósiles en toda la economía mientras que al mismo tiempo, la población rural sigue dependiendo de fuentes tradicionales de energía como la leña para satisfacer sus necesidades energéticas. Otra conclusión general es que no se observa un proceso de desmaterialización ni absoluta ni relativa en ninguno de los países analizados.
This thesis is composed of three published articles and a submitted one. All share the same theoretical approach: social metabolism. By tracing all material flows into several economic systems by means of the Material Flows Accounting methodology (MFA), this thesis aims on the one hand at characterizing current metabolic profiles of different economies, identifying their main driving forces; on the other hand, it aims at providing empirical evidence on dematerialisation of the economies. The main conclusion is that in our globalised world, countries are becoming more dependent on international trade and that the role a country plays in the international markets strongly determines its pattern of material use. This dependency followed different trajectories. On the one hand, we identify countries such as Spain that benefited from this process as it increased welfare based in an intensive use of strategic natural resources coming from other economic systems such as fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the main driving force shaping the biophysical profile of this economy was the construction sector, an internal factor. On the other hand, we identify those countries that historically have relied on the extraction of natural resources such as Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru although we can no longer talk about a uniform pattern of natural resource use in the region. In Ecuador, Chile and Peru, international trade was the main driving force for material use. Ecuador remains the typical example of an extractive economy whereas a diversification of exports away from bulk commodities towards products with more added value could be observed to a greater extent in Chile and incipiently in Peru. Chile can be regarded as a successful example of the staple theory of growth as its GDP increased considerably. Mexico is a special and contradictory case. Firstly, despite being an important oil exporter, it has achieved a diversification of production, moving towards technology-intensive products due to the assembly industries. Secondly, despite it has a great potential of biomass extraction, it is undergoing a substitution process of imported biomass for national biomass, in particular, basic crops for human consumption. Instead of international trade, population growth was the main driving force for biophysical growth in this economy. Thirdly, it was observed an increasing emphasis on the use of construction materials and fossil fuels in the whole economy whereas in the countryside, rural households still rely heavily on traditional biomass flows such as fuelwood to satisfy their energetic needs. A general conclusion is that neither absolute dematerialisation nor relative dematerialisation occurred in any of the analysed countries.

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Piñero, P. (Pablo). "The metabolism of socio-economic systems:combination of input-output analysis and material flow accounting for footprint-type indicators." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526224848.

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Abstract This thesis explored innovative ways to improve estimation of material footprint-type indicators in application of Input-Output (IO) analysis to Material Flow Accounting. The following six research questions were addressed: 1) What is the potential impact of sector aggregation in IO modelling of raw material flows? Modelling errors due to aggregation of industries with dissimilar material requirements and trade structures into a single sector in IO models when calculating the material footprint were empirically analysed relative to greenhouse gas emissions. Significant biases emerged for raw material flows, which suggests that care should be taken when aggregating extractive sectors in IO models. 2) Can bottom-up approaches, such as LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), improve estimation of the raw materials embodied in trade products? and 3) What are the implications of integration of country-specific information from high geographical coverage IO models into LCA approaches for calculation of raw material embodied in trade products? An approach for combining country-specific production blueprints with LCA based on regional averages was developed. This approach proved useful in refining estimates of upstream raw materials embodied in trade products, although care is needed during its application since new biases may arise. 4) Can further perspectives be gained with a new allocation method, the ‘value added-based material footprint’, which assigns supply chain-wide raw material extractions to each participating economic actor according to its added value generation, contributing to discussions on the distribution of mitigation costs? Certain countries and sectors were found to be more material-intensive with this new accounting approach than in other widely known allocation methods, e.g. consumer footprint. 5) Are there unequal exchanges between high-income economies and middle- and lower-income countries when measured in terms of raw material and value added flows? and 6) Could integration of local and global IO data provide useful insights to study presence/absence of unequal material exchange at sub-national level? A study of material flows at inter- and intra-national level demonstrated that a regional economy can play a twofold role, both as sink or source of raw materials and in value added, depending on its position in the global economic hierarchy
Tiivistelmä Tässä työssä tutkittiin innovatiivisia tapoja, joilla voitaisiin parantaa materiaalijalanjälki -tyyppisten indikaattoreiden käytettävyyttä panos-tuotos (Input-Output, IO) -analyysissa, kun niitä sovelletaan Materiaalivirta-analyysi (Material Flow Accounting, MFA) -metodiin. Seuraaviin tutkimuskysymyksiin haettiin vastauksia: 1) Mikä on sektorien yhdistämisen potentiaalinen vaikutus raaka-ainevirtojen IO-mallintamisessa ja miten poikkeamia voidaan estää? Tämän puitteissa tarkasteltiin mallinnusvirheitä, jotka johtuvat erilaisten toimialojen yhdistämisistä yhdeksi sektoriksi. 2) Voivatko alhaalta ylöspäin suuntautuvat lähestymistavat, kuten elinkaariarviointi parantaa tuotteisiin sisältyvien raaka-ainevirtojen arviointia? ja 3) Mitä vaikutuksia on laajan maantieteellisen kattavuuden IO-malleihin sisältyvien maakohtaisten tietojen yhdistämisestä LCA-pohjaisiin lähestymistapoihin, kun tavoitteena on laskea tuotteisiin sisältyviä raaka-ainemääriä? Tämän tutkimista varten kehitettiin lähestymistapa, joka yhdisti maakohtaiset tuotantosuunnitelmat ja elinkaariarvioinnin. Tämä lähestymistapa osoittautui hyödylliseksi tarkentamalla arvioita tuotteissa olevista raaka-aineista, vaikkakin sen soveltaminen edellyttää varovaisuutta, koska uusia vääristymiä voi syntyä. 4) Voidaanko uusia näkökulmia löytää uudella arvonlisäykseen perustuvalla allokointimenetelmällä, joka jakaa raaka-aineen louhinnan kullekin toimintaketjun osallistuvalle taloudelliselle toimijalle lisäarvon tuotannon mukaan? Tämän uuden kirjanpitomenetelmän mukaan jotkut maat ja alat ovat materiaali-intensiivisempiä kuin niitä on pidetty kulutuksen jalanjälkiallokointimenetelmien perusteella. 5) Onko korkean tulotason talouksien ja keskitasoiselle ja alhaiselle tulotasolle asettuvien maiden välillä epätasaisia vaihtoja, kun raaka-ainekulutusta ja arvonlisäystä mitataan? ja 6) Voisiko paikallisten ja globaalien IO-tietojen integrointi antaa hyödyllisiä näkökulmia tutkimukseen, joka tarkastelee epätasaisen aineenvaihdon esiintymistä tai puuttumista alueellisella tasolla? Materiaalivirtojen tutkiminen kansainvälisellä ja kansallisella tasolla, jossa yhdistettiin IO-tietokannat erilaisella maantieteellisellä resoluutiolla osoitti, että alueellisella taloudella voi olla kaksoisrooli sekä raaka-aineiden että arvonlisäyksen lähteenä tai nieluna riippuen sen asemasta globaalissa taloushierarkiassa

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Lutter, Franz Stephan, Stefan Giljum, and Martin Bruckner. "A review and comparative assessment of existing approaches to calculate material footprints." Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.03.012.

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Анотація:

Effective implementation of resource policies requires consistent and robust indicators. An increasing number of national and international strategies focussing on resource efficiency as a means for reaching a green economy call for such indicators. As supply chains of goods and services are increasingly organised on the global level, comprehensive indica-tors taking into account upstream material flows associated with internationally traded products need to be compiled. Particularly in the last few years, the development of con-sumption-based indicators of material use also termed material footprints has made considerable progress. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing methodol-ogies to calculate material footprint-type indicators. The three prevailing approaches, i.e. environmentally extended input-output analysis (EE-IOA), coefficient approaches based on process analysis data, and hybrid approaches combing elements of EE-IOA and process analysis are presented, existing models using the different approaches discussed, and advantages and disadvantages of each approach identified. We argue that there is still a strong need for improvement of the specific approaches as well as comparability of re-sults, in order to reduce uncertainties. The paper concludes with recommendations for further development covering methodological, data and institutional aspects.

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Чайка, Тетяна Юріївна. "Матеріальні потоки в готельно-ресторанному бізнесі: логістичний підхід". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39241.

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Анотація:

Матеріальні потоки є одним з об'єктів логістики готельно-ресторанного бізнесу. Матеріальний потік виникає в результаті переміщення матеріальних об'єктів у просторі. Таким чином, невід'ємними характеристиками матеріального потоку є: 1) рух; 2) матеріальна форма об'єкта. Поняття матеріального потоку доцільно поширити не тільки на продукцію (на всіх стадіях формування товару), а взагалі на все оборотні і необоротні активи, які є придатними до транспортування. Матеріальний потік в готельно-ресторанному бізнесі – це матеріальні ресурси, які знаходяться в русі (сировина, матеріали, незавершене виробництво, напівфабрикати, готова продукція, малоцінні і швидкозношувані предмети, основні засоби та ін.), та безпосередньо пов'язані з виробничим процесом підприємства готельно-ресторанної сфери. В якості основних відносних показників (характеристик) матеріального потоку вважаємо за доцільне виділити: 1) швидкість; 2) щільність; 3) інтенсивність; 4) потужність. Список додаткових характеристик матеріальних потоків надзвичайно різноманітний і при необхідності може бути підданий ієрархічної деталізації. Так, наприклад, можна виділити: номенклатуру та асортимент; фізико-хімічні властивості; характеристики тари (упаковки); умови договорів, відповідно до яких відбувається переміщення матеріальних ресурсів та інші характеристики.

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André, Axel. "Raw Material Consumption - Ett mått på Sveriges materialanvändning i ett mer resurseffektivt samhälle." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-367195.

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Att kunna mäta vår materialanvändning är centralt i omställningen till ett resurseffektivare samhälle och en cirkulär ekonomi. Inom EU används Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) som indikator för materialanvändning. Den beräknas genom att addera de material som ett land utvinner, plus de material som importeras, minus de material som exporteras. Det finns kritik mot DMC då den endast tar hänsyn till vikten på import- och exportprodukter då de korsar landsgränsen. DMC inkluderar inte de uppströms material som gått åt för att producera en produkt, men som inte syns i slutprodukten (den så kallade materialryggsäcken). Den ökade globaliseringen har för många länder lett till en förflyttning av produktion utomlands, och för att beräkna dessa länders totala materialanvändning krävs det att hänsyn tas till importerade och exporterade produkters materialryggsäck. Raw Material Consumption (RMC) är en indikator som tar hänsyn till materialryggsäcken, men den har idag ingen standardiserad beräkningsmetod. Både RMC och DMC används inom Agenda 2030 för att följa upp FN:s hållbarhetsmål 12 ”Hållbar konsumtion och produktion”, samt hållbarhetsmål 8 ”Anständiga arbetsvillkor och ekonomisk tillväxt”. Endast DMC används idag inom EU. Syftet med projektet var att beräkna Sveriges materialanvändning med hjälp av indikatorn Raw Material Consumption (RMC), samt att identifiera styrkor och svagheter hos RMC. Eurostats RME-verktyg användes för att beräkna RMC. Enligt RMC ökade Sveriges totala materialanvändning från 198 miljoner ton råmaterialekvivalenter (RME) år 2008, till 221 miljoner ton RME år 2015, motsvarande 21,4 ton RME per capita 2008 till 22,6 ton RME per capita 2015. Resultaten jämfördes med resultat för Sveriges DMC som Statistiska Centralbyrån tagit fram. RMC och DMC gav liknande resultat för Sveriges totala materialanvändning. Detta tros bero på att materialryggsäcken för den svenska importen är ungefär lika stor som för exporten och att den största materialkategorin, icke-metalliska mineraler, utgör en liten del av vår handelsbalans och därför inte påverkas i någon större utsträckning när importerade och exporterade produkters materialryggsäck inkluderas. På materialkategorinivå är dock skillnaderna mellan RMC och DMC större. Resultat från Eurostats RME-verktyg som tagits fram i denna studie, har jämförts med resultat som OECD och UNEP tagit fram för Sveriges RMC. De har använt en annan beräkningsmetod än den RME-verktyget tillämpar. Skillnaden i total RMC för de olika beräkningsmetoderna är mellan 11 % och 22 %. På materialkategorinivå är skillnaderna större, över 50 % för fossila bränslen exempelvis. Liknande resultat har påvisats i en studie som jämförde Österrikes RMC för år 2007 med olika beräkningsmetoder. Både DMC och RMC kan användas som indikatorer för resurseffektivitet och cirkulär ekonomi, men vid jämförelse mellan länder är RMC teoretiskt en mer lämplig indikator. Detta eftersom många länder idag har flyttat stora delar av sin produktion utomlands, och DMC därför riskerar att ge en skev bild över resurseffektivitet och frikoppling, när materialryggsäcken inte inkluderas.
Being able to measure the amount of materials used in society, is central in the transition to a resource-efficient and circular economy. Within the EU, Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) is currently used as indicator for material use. It is calculated by adding the materials that a country extracts, plus the materials imported, minus the materials being exported. There is criticism of DMC, as a measure, since it only considers the weight of imported and exported goods when they cross the country border. It does not consider the upstream materials needed to produce a product, which are not represented in the final product (the so-called material backpack). Globalisation has led to a geographical disconnection in production and consumption, and to consider net-importing countries’ total material consumption, it is necessary to include traded product’s material backpack. Raw Material Consumption (RMC) considers the material backpack, but is currently without a standardised calculation method. Both RMC and DMC are used in Agenda 2030 to follow up the UN Sustainability Development Goal 12 "Sustainable Consumption and Production", as well as Goal 8 "Decent Work Conditions and Economic Growth". Only DMC is used today in the EU. The aim of this project was to calculate Sweden’s material consumption, using the indicator Raw Material Consumption (RMC), as well as identifying strengths and weaknesses of RMC. For calculating RMC, Eurostat’s RME-tool has been used. According to RMC, Sweden's total material usage increased from 2008 when it amounted to 198 million tonnes of raw material equivalents (RME), to 221 million tonnes RME in 2015. There has also been an increase per capita: 21,4 RME per capita in 2008 to 22,6 RME per capita in 2015. These results have been compared with the results for Sweden's DMC, calculated by SCB. RMC and DMC gave similar results for Sweden's total material consumption. This is believed to be due to the similar size of the material backpack of imports and exports. Another reason is believed to be due to Sweden’s largest material category, non-metallic minerals, is a small part of our trade balance, and therefore is not affected when the material backpack is included. At the material category level, however, the differences between RMC and DMC are greater. Results from Eurostat's RME tool, calculated in this study, have been compared with results presented by the OECD and UNEP. They have used a different calculation method for Sweden’s RMC than the RME tool applies. The difference in total RMC for different calculation methods is between 11 % and 22 %. At material category level, the differences are greater, more than 50 % for fossil fuels, for example. Similar results have been presented in a study over Austria's RMC for the year 2007, using different calculation methods. Both DMC and RMC can be used as policy-support for resource efficiency, but RMC is theoretically a more suitable indicator for comparison of countries. This is since many countries today have moved a significant share of their production abroad, and DMC therefore risks displaying a false perception of resource efficiency and decoupling, when the material backpack is not included.

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Stridh, Madeleine. "Material flow : An analysis of a production area for improved material flow." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80193.

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Focus in the world today is quality and customer orientation. An organization needs to understand the concept of value from the perspective of a customer in order to keep up with expectations on quality, and the turbulent and global environment of today characterized by rapidly changing conditions. This master thesis project was conducted at ABB in Sweden during spring 2020. It is essential for ABB to have an ongoing focus on improvement to maintain a successful organization and enable a competitive future of quality and innovation. The aim of this project was to identify ways to improve material flow and reduce the amount of non-value-added activities that exist in a particular assembly process today. The objective of the project was to conduct proposals on realistic actions for improvement for implementation. Initially in the project a current state was performed and compiled into a specification of requirements and visualized through overall mapping of the material and communication flow. Two of the requirements were reducing the total lead time and ensure the same, or improved, physical and psychosocial work environment. The result of the current state showed that material is not available when needed, material shelves are not structured, and material flow is not optimal. Analysis methods used for analyzing the current state were material flow charts, value stream mapping and spaghetti diagrams. The outcome of the performed analyzes were then used as the foundation for a compiled list of problem areas. All previous performed work was then summarized, discussed and developed into a list of actions for improvement. This phase was performed by initially generating a great amount of ideas, which were then reviewed and evaluated in consideration of the specification of requirements. In addition to the final list of actions, a mapping of the future state was conducted to support the actions and visualize what a future state could look like if the actions are implemented. Lastly, the final list of actions was complemented with another list – a living document of the actions. This document gives the opportunity on a regular basis to monitor progress and should be regularly reviewed and updated. To ensure a successful implementation of improvement work based on the conducted action list, it is recommended to define and clarify responsibility for each action as well as target date and end date. Furthermore, the list should be continuously modified to ensure implementation. It is as well recommended to acknowledge implemented improvements in parallel with performing actions to maintain motivation. Additionally, participation in implementation and promoting dialogue, transparency and respect are valuable factors reducing the negative effects of the implementation of improvement concepts and contributes to a sustainable development of the improvement work.

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Helber, Stefan. "Performance analysis of flow lines with non-linear flow of material /." Berlin : Springer, 1999. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=3540659544.

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Fan, Xiaolin. "Material flow in a wood-chip refiner." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63977.

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Mullen, T. D. "Material flow control in complex manufacturing systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360792.

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Книги з теми "Indicators of the material flow"

Wagner, Bernd, and Stefan Enzler, eds. Material Flow Management. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-7908-1665-5.

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Kostick, Dennis S. The material flow of salt. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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Tanchoco, J. M. A. Material Flow Systems in Manufacturing. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994.

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Tanchoco, J. M. A., ed. Material Flow Systems in Manufacturing. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2498-4.

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Brunner, Paul H., and Helmut Rechberger. Handbook of Material Flow Analysis. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017. | Revised: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315313450.

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Blair, Margaret M. Industry-level indicators of free cash flow. Boston, MA: Boston University, School of Management, 1992.

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Helmut, Rechberger, ed. Practical handbook of material flow analysis. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis, 2004.

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Nertinger, Stefan. Carbon and Material Flow Cost Accounting. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08130-0.

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Helber, Stefan. Performance Analysis of Flow Lines with Non-Linear Flow of Material. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95863-2.

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International, Conference on Factory 2000 (1988 Churchill College Cambridge). Factory 2000: Integrating information and material flow. London: Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "Indicators of the material flow"

Istrate, Ioan-Robert, José-Luis Gálvez-Martos, and Javier Dufour. "A Life Cycle-Based Scenario Analysis Framework for Municipal Solid Waste Management." In Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management, 217–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77127-0_20.

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AbstractA framework for the systematic analysis of the material flows and the life cycle environmental performance of municipal solid waste (MSW) management scenarios is described in this article. This framework is capable of predicting the response of waste treatment processes to the changes in waste streams composition that inevitably arise in MSW management systems. The fundamental idea is that the inputs (raw materials and energy) and outputs (final products, emissions, etc.) into/from treatment processes are previously allocated to the specific waste materials contained in the input waste stream. Aggregated indicators like life cycle environmental impacts can then be allocated to waste materials, allowing systematic scenario analyses. The framework is generic and flexible, and can easily be adapted to other types of assessments, such as economic analysis and optimization.

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Sirgy, M. Joseph. "Material Wellbeing." In Social Indicators Research Series, 437–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71888-6_19.

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Dini, Gino, and Dieter Spath. "Material Flow." In CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, 1–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_9-4.

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Dini, Gino, and Dieter Spath. "Material Flow." In CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, 844–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20617-7_9.

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Dini, Gino, and Dieter Spath. "Material Flow." In CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, 1150–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53120-4_9.

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Sirgy, M. Joseph. "Material Well-Being." In Social Indicators Research Series, 325–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4405-9_19.

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Laner, David, and Helmut Rechberger. "Material Flow Analysis." In LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment, 293–332. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7610-3_7.

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Nylund, Hasse, and Minna Lanz. "Material Flow Analysis." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 462–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95726-5_8.

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Nylund, Hasse, and Minna Lanz. "Material Flow Analysis." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71062-4_8-1.

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Müller, Anette, and Isabel Martins. "Material Flow Management." In Recycling of Building Materials, 21–49. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34609-6_2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Indicators of the material flow"

Farkasova, Edita. "THE IMPORTANCE OF MATERIAL FLOWS INDICATORS AND THE EVALUATION OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVAKIA." In SGEM2011 11th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2011/s22.138.

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Grebenyuk, E. A., and E. L. Itskovich. "Indirect estimations of current quality indicators of the process unit material flows and their correlation." In 2017 Tenth International Conference Management of Large-Scale System Development (MLSD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsd.2017.8109630.

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Zhao, Yao, and Chen Zhao. "Eco-Efficiency Evaluation Indicator of Plantation Harvesting System and Its Improvement Based on Material Flow Analysis." In 2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2011.5748784.

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Wu, Zhenhua. "Empirical Modeling of Material Removal Considering Tool Condition in Chemical Mechanical Planarization Process." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-3027.

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The key performance indicators in Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) processes are usually assessed by measuring the material removal rate (MRR) and Within-Wafer-Nonuniformity (WIWNU), which are vitally dependent on the processing variables including down pressure, wafer rotation, polishing pad rotation, polishing table rotation, slurry flow, and the condition of the polishing pad etc. MRR is critical to the WIWNU also since MRR can infer the end-point in the polishing process. In this study, empirical approaches were conducted to model the MRR with the production CMP settings. With the collected data from real semiconductor manufacturing processes, correlation and principle component analysis (PCA) were conducted to select the features mostly related to the CMP processes, then neural network (NN) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based models were proposed to understand processing variables in CMP process and estimate the MRR. The NN and ANFIS models were compared on the performance metrics of 1) mean square error (MSE), and determination coefficient (R2) based on bootstrap. The bootstrap based evaluation shows that NN achieved a MSE of 9.68e03 with the R2 value of 0.81 in the training stage and MSE of 9.59e3 with the R2 value of 0.81 in the validation stage; ANFIS achieved a MSE of 126.24 with the R2 value of 0.9102 in the training stage and MSE of 6.17e4 with the R2 value of 0.3133 in the validation stage. The empirical models are promising to be integrated with the data-driven based control of CMP processes.

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Hossain, Md Shahjahan, Hossein Taheri, Niraj Pudasaini, Alexander Reichenbach, and Bishal Silwal. "Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing for In-Line Monitoring of Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23317.

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Abstract The applications for metal additive manufacturing (AM) are expanding. Powder-bed, powder-fed, and wire-fed AM are the different kinds of AM technologies based on the feeding material. Wire-Arc AM (WAAM) is a wire-fed technique that has the potential to fabricate large-scale three-dimensional objects. In WAAM, a metallic wire is continuously fed to the deposition location and is melted by an arc-welding power source. As the applications for WAAM expands, the quality assurance of the parts becomes a major concern. Nondestructive testing (NDT) of AM parts is necessary for quality assurance and inspection of these materials. The conventional method of inspection is to perform testing on the finished parts. There are several limitations encountered when using conventional methods of NDT for as-built AM parts due to surface conditions and complex structure. In-situ process monitoring based on the ultrasound technology is proposed for WAAM material inspection during the manufacturing process. Ultrasonic inline monitoring techniques have the advantages of providing valuable information about the process and parts quality. Ultrasonic technique was used to detect the process condition deviations from the normal. A fixture developed by the authors holds an ultrasonic sensor under the build platform and aligned with the center of the base plate. Ultrasonic signals were measured for different process conditions by varying the current and gas flow rate. Features (indicators) from the radio frequency (RF) signal were used to evaluate the difference in signal clusters to identify and classify different build conditions. Results show that the indicator values of the ultrasonic signals in the region of interest (ROI) changes with different process conditions and can be used to classify them.

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Yoon, Ikroh, and Seungwon Shin. "Numerical Simulation of Multiple Seeds Interaction During Three-Dimensional Dendritic Solidification With Fluid Flow." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18129.

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Most material of engineering interest undergoes solidification process from liquid to solid state which governs the microstructure of materials. Identifying the growth characteristic of the microstructure during the solidification process is essential to determine the physical properties of final product. Numerical simulation can provide valuable information during solidification process since heat and mass transfer associated with micro-structural growth of dendrite is in greatly small scale which is almost impossible to obtain by experiments. In real situations, dendrite tends to grow from multiple seeds as well as with external fluid flow. Growth characteristics of the dendrites will be greatly influenced by both external fluid convection and interaction between dendrites. In this paper, three-dimensional numerical simulation of multiple dendritic growth during solidification process with melt fluid convection is presented. The high-order Level Contour Reconstruction Method (LCRM), a hybrid form of Front-Tracking and Level-Set, is used to track the moving liquid-solid interface explicitly and sharp interface technique has been used to implement correct phase changing boundary conditions on the moving interface. To get the indicator function and the interface curvature more efficiently and accurately for three-dimensional simulation, we have generated the distance function directly from the interface. The method is validated by comparing with other numerical technique and showed good agreements. Three-dimensional results showed clear difference compared to two-dimensional simulation on growth behavior, especially with multiple seeds.

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Au-Yang, M. K. "Flow-Induced Wear in Steam Generator Tubes: Prediction Versus Operational Experience." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0120.

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Abstract Many nuclear steam generators have accumulated more than ten effective-full-power-years of operation. Eddy-current inspections revealed that a number of these steam generator tubes, notably those located in high local cross-flow regions, have indications of wear at some support plate elevations after five to ten years of effective-full-power operations. In the last five years, a number of technical papers on non-linear tube bundle dynamics has been published to address the effect of tube and support plate interactions. At the same time, test data relating wear and tube wall thickness losses for different material combinations and different support plate geometries became available. Based on the available data in the literature, as well as data obtained in the author’s affiliation, this paper assesses the cumulative tube wall wear after 5, 10 and 15 effective-full-power years of operation of a typical commercial nuclear steam generator, using different wear models. It is hoped that this study will shed some light on the probable mechanism that caused the observed wear in today’s operating nuclear steam generators.

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Popovich, David P., M. H. Hu, Jonathan L. Barkich, and Peter R. Nelson. "Increased Concern for Degradation of Upper Steam Drum Internals Leading to Monitoring and Modifications Considerations." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48938.

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Pressurized water reactor plant steam generator upper internals have been monitored in accordance with accepted industry practice and on schedules based on the history of good inspection results with isolated cases of failures in a small percentage of plants worldwide. The current practice is, in general, to perform a small sample qualitative visual inspection. The causal factors for the historical events are indicators but, in general, not directly applicable to the current rationale for increased quantitative surveillance. There is an emerging trend toward increased indications of degradation with identifiable causal factors similar to but distinct from the traditional failure mechanisms. Primary and secondary moisture separation components and feedwater ring degradation is increasing as calculated by traditional models and according to qualitative and quantitative inspection results. Two established objective criteria for the performance functions for the steam drum components under consideration are: moisture carryover < 0.25% and material loss of 62.5 mils from nominal component thickness of 0.25 inches. These traditional acceptance criteria can be re-established based on an engineering evaluation of failure modes and effects. Two changes that have increased the concern for unacceptable degradation of steam drum components in recent years are 1) the chemistry improvements to reduce flow assisted corrosion (FAC) in the feed train piping with the concomitant reduction in entrained iron transport into steam generators, and 2) the increase in water-steam flow velocities that result from power uprates. The reduction of entrained particulate into the steam generators is positive with respect to fewer corrodents introduced but may have an unintended and previously under-analyzed effect of the transport of entrained particulate into the upper regions of the tube bundle and into the moisture separation components. The first indications of degraded moisture separator components have begun to emerge and warrant consideration of an increased surveillance program for selected plants. This paper discusses how recent changes in the operating parameters and secondary water chemistry control have created conditions for concern for exceeding the traditional moisture carryover criteria and erosion-corrosion of upper steam drum components, especially in light of extended life operation. Examples of recent developments in inspection results and considerations for improved materials, increased and improved surveillance techniques, and replacement strategies will be presented.

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Pontaza, Juan P., Varadarajan Nadathur, and John L. Rosche. "Flow-Induced Vibration Screening of a Thermoplastic Composite Pipe Water Injection Jumper." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18180.

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Abstract An active subsea field in the Gulf of Mexico has adopted a thermoplastic composite pipe (TCP) water injection jumper for its waterflood upgrade. The TCP spool is lightweight and flexible — relative to the traditional steel-only spool segments used in subsea jumpers. As such, the flow-induced vibration (FIV) threat from internal fluid flow must be assessed for the intended service. A three-tiered approach is used to assess the level of FIV threat expected in this TCP subsea jumper application. A high-level screening based on widely used industry guidelines indicates a high susceptibility to FIV fatigue failure for the steel product in the jumper, with no applicability to the TCP material. A comprehensive screening based on structural finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics shows that the vibration levels and stress cycling due to FIV will be acceptable for the intended water injection application and a 30-year design life, when adopting a factor of safety of 10 for subsea service.

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Carbajal, Gerardo. "Study of Flow Field Configuration Effect in Cooling Systems." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72170.

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Abstract A three-dimensional numerical simulation was performed to increase a cooling system’s performance using different flow field configurations. In this study, the cooling system consists of three fluid configurations and contains ten batteries and eleven channels. The fluid flow configurations are the U-configuration, the Z-configuration, and the I-configuration. The battery was modeled assuming a solid material with constant physical properties, and the air is the working fluid in the cooling system. The numerical simulation results showed a better uniform temperature distribution with the I-configuration than the other two configurations. The numerical solution of the coupled fluid-energy equations corresponding to the three configurations indicates a significant effect of the relative flow distribution in the local transfer of energy from the batteries to the airflow: therefore, affecting the temperature distribution of the system’s components. This study assumed four heat inputs and mainly focused on the effect of fluid flow in evaluating the core temperature of the batteries. The worst performance in terms of temperature rise in the system corresponded to the U-configuration. The I-configuration presented the lowest average temperature in the battery’s core; the temperature field was also more uniform than the other two configurations. The U-configuration delivered the lowest pressure drop, and the Z-configuration the highest pressure drop. The results confirmed that it is possible to improve the cooling process by selecting the suitable flow field configuration of the system.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Indicators of the material flow"

Dreicer, J. S., D. S. Rutherford, P. K. Fasel, and J. M. Riese. Global nuclear material flow/control model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/532615.

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Brown, Hayden, and Mark Ehlen. Technology adoption indicators applied to the ATP flow-control machining project. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6888.

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Dredge, L. A., and L. Robertson. Ice flow and recessional ice margin indicators, central Baffin Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/222527.

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McClenaghan, M. B., J. J. Veillette, and R. N. W. DiLabio. Ice flow indicators in the Timmins and Kirkland Lake areas, northeastern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/203616.

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McClenaghan, M. B., and J. J. Veillette. Surficial geology, ice flow indicators for the New Liskeard-Temagami area, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/212639.

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Luh, M. H., and J. S. Strenkowski. Simulations of ductile flow in brittle material processing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/476646.

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Garimella, Rao Veerabhadra. Introduction to Interface Tracking in Multi-Material Flow Simulations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1367800.

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Garimella, Rao Veerabhadra. Introduction to Interface Tracking in Multi-Material Flow Simulations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1457283.

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Ward, B. C., L. A. Dredge, and D. E. Kerr. Ice flow indicators, Winter Lake - Lac de Gras - Aylmer Lake, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193504.

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Holter, G. M., and D. C. Stapp. Solid waste initiative Macro Material Flow Modeling conceptual description and requirements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6598967.

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