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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Indic influences"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 30 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Indic influences"

McHugh, James. "Grape wine in ancient and early Medieval India: The view from the centre." Indian Economic & Social History Review 58, no. 1 (January 2021): 113–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464620981002.

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Grape wine is not mentioned in our earliest texts from South Asia, the Vedas nor in the epics, yet these texts contain evidence of an established drinking culture based on grain and sugarcane liquors. When did grapes and wine appear in the Indic cultural world and how were they received? Previous scholarship has focused on peripheral, Hellenised, wine-producing regions, like Gandhāra, or on finds of Roman amphorae, thus emphasising possible influences on Indic drinking culture from regions to the West. This article explores wine from the Indian perspective. When did grapes and wine first appear in the Indic textual record and in what contexts? Why did people in India choose to import grape wine when they already had plenty of local drinks? Far from being passively Hellenised, Indic drinking cultures consciously adopted wine-as-foreign. The article considers how this prestigious, somewhat new drink was assigned a place in Indian drinking culture, as well as briefly exploring representations of wine from a grape-producing region, Kashmir. By the first millennium CE, wine was apparently the most prestigious liquor in South Asia, joining grain drinks, sugarcane drinks and betel to constitute a culture of recreational intoxicants that is distinctive in global drug history.

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N., Dassanayake. "Sinicization of Indic Loanwords in Chinese Language: Foreignization to domestication." Macrolinguistics 9, no. 15 (December 31, 2021): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2021.9.15.6.

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Indic loanwords in Chinese language account for the largest number of loanwords in Mandarin Chinese. These loanwords have become an important integral part of the lexicon of Chinese language and throughout decades have undergone assimilation, semantic extension and phonological adaptation. The present study is an investigation into the modes, levels and history of Sinicization of Indic loanwords in Chinese language. Fundamentally, it is evident from the literature and historical accounts that Sinicization of these loanwords is a process from foreignization to domestication. Native-Chinese doctrines and philosophies, essentially Taoism and Confucianism have had multifaceted influences on the Sinicization process which has resulted in semantic extension, semantic change or total diminution of original meaning. While less used high culture-sensitive loanwords have completely disappeared from modern Chinese, loanwords of higher Sinicization level have completely secularized. It is observed that foreignized loanwords have very less tendency of being absorbed into modern Chinese and many such terms have been excluded in modern Chinese dictionaries.

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Yadav, Madan Ray. "Gandhi; His Body and Politics." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 1 (April 24, 2023): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v6i1.54353.

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This article explores and analyses the charismatic leadership of M.K. Gandhi possessing the inspiring image in the Indian history. It concerns with the power of spirituality, knowledge of history and the self that gives people insights into life for the change and identification. Gandhi has been an icon who influences people to come up with dynamic-self. Being inspired by Leo Tolstoy and Buddha, Gandhi rightly understood the power of meditation, yoga, deep patience and incessant struggle that became the greatest weapon for him to uproot the tyrannical reign of the British from India. Based on Indic way; self, performance and rituals, the research explores and analyses the veiled fact of the sacrifices, passion and cognition of Gandhi, the body and its power. The performative body is acknowledged identical to the realized, knowledgeable and conscious body that helps people to understand the politics and the body of Gandhi that has been the synonymous of powerhouse and resourceful human power. Being vegetarian, truthful, sincere, obedient and revolutionary for the changes, Gandhi has been an inspiration and god man in India.

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Choo, Jessey J. C. "That “Fatty Lump”." Nan Nü 14, no. 2 (2012): 177–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685268-142000a1.

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The fetus and fetal development were discussed in early imperial Chinese texts of various genres, which often approached these matters in one or more of the following terms: (1) the cosmic (human life begins and matures in the same way as the rest of the universe, following the interplay of yin and yang); (2) the correlative (the fetus grows according to the Five Phases, all things corresponding to them going through a cycle of changes that give rise to and diminish one another); and (3) the Indic-Buddhist (the fetus comes into being and suffers as a result of karma). These texts do not always present the perspective of the expectant parents on pregnancy; the perspective of the fetus on gestation in particular is prominent in the texts bearing Indic-Buddhist influences. This paper argues that over time the confluence of concepts and metaphors presented in these texts added up to an extremely negative attitude widely held toward the fetus and childbirth. This negativity in turn reinforced, and was reinforced by, the concepts and practices of filial piety that emerged in the centuries following the collapse of the Han dynasty, which were different from those that came before. It also profoundly transformed and enhanced the mother-child bond at the expense of that of the father and child. In particular, the salvational dimension of the mother-child relationship, introduced by Buddhism, made possible a women-centered interpretation of filial piety.

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Zakharov, A. O. "Archaeological Sites of the Mekong Delta and the Oc Eo Culture: a review." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 1(46) (2020): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-1-1-46-209-230.

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The Mekong River Delta has many archaeological sites dated from the first to seventh centuries CE. They include the Oc Eo site and more than ninety sites in the territory of Vietnam. Another site of the Oc Eo archaeological culture is Angkor Borei in Cambodia. The early first millennium remains also include ancient canals which connected Angkor Borei and Oc Eo as well as few other sites. The early Iron Age predates the beginning of the Oc Eo culture in the first centuries CE. The Iron Age witnessed the growing social complexity and settlement hierarchy. The paper is an overview of archaeological investigations in the Mekong River Delta. The paper shows the deep Indian or Indic influences on the material and religious life of the ancient populations of the Mekong Delta.

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Mesthrie, Rajend. "The Origins of Fanagalo." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 4, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 211–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.4.2.04mes.

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This paper examines, and refutes, the currently most popular hypothesis concerning the origin of Fanagalo, namely, that it arose on the plantation fields of Natal among indentured East Indian migrants who arrived there from 1860 onwards. Can a pidgin be initiated by a group of migrants from differing linguistic backgrounds in a plantation situation, and still remain in widespread use without showing any substrate influences? If the Indian origin hypothesis is correct, this would indeed be the case: a "crystallized" southern African Pidgin, stable for about a hundred years, would have been created in the sugar plantations of Natal by migrant indentured Indian workers without any tangible influences from any of the five or so Indic and Dravidian languages involved. However, structural and lexical evidence indicates otherwise. Written sources (a first-hand account by an English settler from about 1905, and two published accounts by an English missionary) suggest that the use of Fanagalo in Natal predated the arrival of Indian immigrants by at least ten years. Regarding the origins of Fanagalo, one other viable alternative is examined — the Eastern Cape in the early 1800s. The conclusion is that the most likely site for Fanagalo's genesis was Natal in the mid-nineteenth century.

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Cai, Minggang, Yan Liu, Kai Chen, Dongren Huang, and Shengyun Yang. "Corrigendum to “Quantitative analysis of anthropogenic influences on coastal water—A new perspective” [Ecol. Indic. (2016) 673–683]." Ecological Indicators 71 (December 2016): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.07.041.

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Ardhana, I. Ketut. "FEMALE DEITIES IN BALINESE SOCIETY: LOCAL GENIOUS, INDIAN INFLUENCES, AND THEIR WORSHIP." International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/ijiis.vol1.iss1.2018.36.

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One of the main issues that has been discussed in Indonesia regarding the democracy process in a modern world is about the feminism and gender issues. On the one hand, women are considered to play limited roles, whilst on the other hand, the men have always been considered to play a significant role. This can be traced back in the long process of the Balinese history not only in terms of political aspect, but also in the context of socio cultural aspects. It is important to look at what has happened in the Balinese societies, since Bali is known as a Hindu mozaic in Southeast Asia. The Balinese society has its own culture based on local culture that is strongly influenced by the Indian or Indic culture. The Balinese society is a patrilineal system, in which a man has a higher position, but in fact it was even Bali had a woman princess, who was of mixed Javanese and Balinese heritage, a wife of King Udayana of Bali between the 10th and 11th century. Both of them were considered as the Balinese kings at the same time. In the era of these two kings they were successful in integrating between Hinduism and Buddhism. Until now, the Balinese believe the soul of Mahendradatta as Durga. The main questions that will be addressed in this paper are firstly: how do the Balinese interpret the female deities? Secondly, how do they worship them? Thirdly, what is the meaning of this worship in terms of religious and cultural aspects in the modern and postmodern time? By discussing these issues, it is expected that we will have a better understanding on how the Balinese worship the female deities in the prehistoric, classical, and modern times in the context of a global or universal culture

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Vo Van, Thang. "THE ORIGINS OF CHAMPA: WAS THERE A KINGDOM OF XI-TU (西屠國) IN THE THU BỒN VALLEY ?" UED Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education 11, № 2 (31 грудня 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47393/jshe.v11i2.1006.

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There is a theory that explains the origins of Campā (Champa) by rendering a paradigm in which a kingdom referred to as Xi-Tu emerged in the Thu Bồn valley (a part of Quảng Nam Province today in central Việt Nam) around the 3rd century CE, and then absorbed the Lin-Yi kingdom by the end of the 6th century, resulting in what today is known as Champa. In contrast to this assumption, this paper uses both historical and archeological evidence to show that there was, in fact, no such a kingdom in the Thu Bồn valley in the 6th century. Instead, the evidence shows that from the beginning of the 4th century Lin-Yi conquered many small neighbouring kingdoms, including Xi-Tu (if it in fact existed). Champa, or Campā, was the Sanskrit name used by the ruling class of the Kingdom of Lin-Yi to refer to their territory (Lin-Yi is the name derived from Chinese historical documents). The discussions concerning the existence of Xi-Tu aim to clarify the nature of the birth of the polity with Indic influences located on the coast of Indochina,known as Champa. Determining the cradle of Champa, once known to be in the territory of Lin- Yi, could lead to a better understanding of the growth of this kingdom, with its unique historical and geographical background. With this in mind, the author would like to share his views on the issue, currently regarded as "a critical point in the historiography of Champa" (Taylor, 2021, 581).

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Kumar, Aman. "THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCERS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY OF INSTAGRAM INFLUENCERS ON NIKE." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (May 2, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32929.

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In the era of digital marketing, social media influencers have emerged as powerful catalysts shaping consumer behaviour and brand perceptions. This study investigates the impact of Instagram influencers endorsed by Nike on consumer behaviour in India, focusing on brand perceptions, attitudes, purchase decisions, and brand loyalty. Through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, and content analysis, data was collected from 150 participants representing diverse demographic segments. Key findings reveal that exposure to Instagram influencers positively influences consumer perceptions of Nike, leading to improvements in brand familiarity, image, trust, purchase intent, loyalty, and perceived quality. Participants exposed to influencers demonstrated higher purchase intentions and were more likely to consider and purchase Nike products compared to unexposed participants. Additionally, Nike's influencer marketing strategies significantly contributed to fostering brand loyalty, with influencer engagement, brand authenticity, customer satisfaction, and loyalty programs emerging as key predictors. Content analysis of influencer posts revealed predominant themes such as product features, lifestyle imagery, user testimonials, and promotional offers, highlighting the diverse strategies employed by influencers to engage their audience and promote Nike products. Sentiment analysis of participant comments indicated predominantly positive sentiment towards influencer content, underscoring its effectiveness in eliciting favorable reactions from consumers. This study contributes to the literature by advancing theoretical understanding, providing methodological insights, and offering practical implications for marketers. Recommendations for future research include exploring cross-cultural variations, conducting longitudinal studies, employing experimental designs, and addressing ethical considerations in influencer marketing practices. By embracing these recommendations, researchers can further enrich our understanding of influencer marketing dynamics and its implications for brands and consumers in the digital age. Keywords: Social media influencers, Instagram, Nike, consumer behavior, brand perceptions, purchase decisions, brand loyalty, influencer marketing.

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Дисертації з теми "Indic influences"

Clark, Robert H. Jr. "Towards an imperial architecture." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23986.

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Pope, Lindsay (Choral conductor). "Beyond the Binary: The Intersection of Gender and Cross-Cultural Identity in Reena Esmail's Life and Choral Works." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505203/.

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Beyond the Binary explores the intersection of gender with cross-cultural identity in composer Reena Esmail's professional life and choral music. This intersection manifests in her musical style, which accesses the resonant spaces between Western and Indian classical music. I argue that it is through the convergence of Esmail's gender identity with her cross-cultural identity that her compositions challenge gender norms and break down perceived barriers between East and West, inviting her listeners into an intersectional feminist space. This project synthesizes musicological, theoretical, and ethnographic methods, and is meant as a starting point for choral musicians and scholars to consider cultural difference and its impact on choral music. What begins as a consideration of social themes within Esmail's life and work culminates in a practical musical analysis and performance practice guide to aid conductors in preparation of Esmail's music. The compositions discussed are I Rise: Women in Song (2016), Take What You Need (2016), TaReKiTa (2016), Tuttarana (2014), and This Love Between Us: Prayers for Unity (2016).

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Monteiro, Prema A. "Factors that influence the decision of patrons to dine at selected Indian restaurants in the Twin Cities." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000monteirop.pdf.

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Bamforth, Nigel William. "The development of India's crafts and their implication upon Indo-european furniture." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364467.

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Pudussery, Paul Chacko. "Within High Schools - - Influences on Retention among the Indigenous People of Northeast India." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/741.

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Thesis advisor: Robert J. Starratt
A qualitative case study of three high schools was conducted to identify and profile school practices employed in educating a traditionally low-achieving subpopulation in northeast India. By the considerably higher than average retention and graduation rates among their students who come from indigenous tribal communities, these schools stand out as effective. The study was centered on the following research questions: 1) What were the teaching practices that characterize three high schools with successful records of graduating (upwards of 100%) indigenous Northeast India tribal students? 2) How were these successful schools affected by the school leadership? A body of related literature provided the theoretical rationale and informed the researcher in collecting data, doing analysis, and processing interpretation. The researcher reviewed specific categories of literature focused on the following: dropout influences, effective teaching practices, school leadership, indigenous tribal life contexts, spirituality, and worldview of the peoples of Northeast India. The findings indicated that these three schools with low dropout rates reflected authentic and effective teaching practices that were student-friendly and based on a coherent mix of various principles of learning, instructional strategies, classroom management, and the personal dedication of the teaching faculties. Furthermore, the schools tried to create an atmosphere of social connectedness and community, based on the values of the indigenous people of that area. The school leadership was proactive in an effort to sustain the sense of community through a variety of school activities and cooperation with parents. The researcher found that the ethos of the schools motivated students to focus on their studies in view of a better economic future. A contextualized pedagogy that took into account the background and learning styles of a wide variety of students helped the students to focus on their learning in the various academic disciplines. Pedagogical practices that promoted academic achievement in concert with indigenous values sustained the interest of the students and moved them to actively involve themselves in the life of the school. The leadership provided the necessary vision and direction to make the objectives and goals of the school understood and obtainable. The visible presence of the principal and his/her affirming interaction also helped to maintain the motivation of the community on all levels of operation. The findings of this research have implications for educational practice, policy, teacher preparation and school leadership in the context of rural India
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Administration and Higher Education

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Metze, Stefanie. "An imperial enlightenment? : notions of India and the literati of Edinburgh, 1723-1791." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=179528.

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This dissertation highlights the influence of the extension of Empire in India on Enlightenment in Scotland. It argues, consistently, that an ever increasing contact with the Eastern parts of Empire over the eighteenth century created productive tensions between the personal, material and intellectual worlds of the Edinburgh literati. Scottish thinkers stood in close contact to one another and congregated in the Select Society and the Poker Club. Beyond the domestic boundaries, they had practical and personal interests in contemporary events in the East Indies. All had relatives or acquaintances in India and were all correspondents of Sir John Macpherson, Governor-General of India (1785-6). The dissertation shows that a revision of civic humanism on the one hand and scientific Whiggism on the other, found their main dilemma in “luxury” and “despotism” respectively. Both of these concepts were intrinsically connected with the perception of India at the beginning of the eighteenth century. One of the outcomes of the literati’s personal and intellectual engagement with India was the different solutions for the regulation of Empire. Ferguson, following the tradition of civic humanism, argued for the importance of civic virtue in order to maintain Empire. His thoughts stood in stark contrast to Smith, Hume and particularly Robertson. Vigour, instead of civic virtue, needed to be developed and strengthened. No monolithic canon of how Empire could be sustained was developed by these men, but all were involved in squaring the circle of improvement through Empire. The constant interplay between domestic, cosmopolitan and imperial spheres suggests that Enlightenment had an imperial nature, which is highlighted in relation to the literati’s particular investigation of “luxury” and “despotism” and their positive perception of Nabobs. Moreover, the dissertation emphasises that Edinburgh associations can not only be viewed as pillars of Enlightenment in Scotland, but also as networks and the gateways to Empire from at least the 1760s. The evidence assembled suggests that men like Ferguson and Robertson were active players in a world which was intellectually and practically shaped by Empire.

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Sastry, V. V. L. N. "Influence of Trial by Media on the Criminal Justice System in India." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6805.

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Media exercises incredible influence on the public; in India media appears to interfere with court proceedings. The purpose of this mixed-methods quasi-experimental study was to explore the effect of media trials on the Indian criminal justice system and to examine the relationship between court verdicts and media trials in India. The narrative policy framework was used to guide the study. Qualitative data were gathered from a variety of sources, including the court cases and the related verdicts reported by the media as media trials from 2005 to 2015. Subsequently, interviews were also conducted to collect qualitative data. Quantitative data were sourced from a survey using Likert scales. Survey and interview data were collected from 450 India-based practicing attorneys. Qualitative data were coded and themes developed. Quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Findings indicated that media interference affects the Indian criminal justice system, often adversely. Findings may be used to help public policy making bodies formulate media guidelines about reporting crime and the justice system in India. Findings may also be used to bolster public confidence in the judicial system in India.

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Le, Fourn-Weeks Joëlle. "Les représentations européennes de l'Inde à l'époque de l'East India Company (1658-1857)." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100054.

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Dans quelle mesure le projet colonial est-il fondé sur la modernité qui structure les représentations européennes de l''Inde? C'est l'argument que nous développons en conclusion de cette analyse de l'altérité indienne. Son architecture est en réalité plus complexe, fluctuante et ambigue͏̈ comme nous le démontrons au cours de cette exploration. Les représentations pré-coloniales de l'Inde sont en effet loin d'être monolithiques. Elles sont en premier lieu structurées par la binarité identité-altérité : l'Inde est d'abord construite en fonction des problématiques qui agitent l'Europe philosophique et politique. Cette logique identitaire inclut d'autres mécanismes qui renvoient tour à tour à des schémas utopiques et à des modèles antiques. Cette dialectique ne rend pas compte d'une troisième construction de la vision de l'Inde plus globalement idiosyncrasique. Ces schémas se systématisent à partir de la prise de pouvoir de l'East India Company au Bengale sans toutefois se réduire à une dichotomie dominant-dominé. Car si la fin du Company Raj tente d'offir une scientificité des représentations qui ouvre la voie à une lecture et à une gestion coloniale de l'Autre, elle ne parvient pas à occulter les phénomènes d'hybridité. Ce concept post-moderne constitue en définitive l'essentiel de l'héritage colonial
By focussing primarily on the precolonial vision of India, this research offers an alternative perspective on colonial representations, as well as new contributions to the concept of otherness. It is argued that the 17th century european perception of India differs from colonial constructions, which is partly due to new power relations and the assertion of modernity. Representations are thus placed into several broad categories reflecting europe's quest for a political, social and religious identity. As a result, india is, either perceived as Europe's alter ego or its radical Other. There is nevertheless a third way which is seen to disrupt the rigid binarism of representations, as a new paradigm emerges to subsume otherness. With the East India Company's accession to the diwani of Bengal, the english attemppted to redefine their imperial identity and their power relations. Yet, the distinction between the reformist's ideals of assimilation and the orientalists' respect for indian culture was often very slight. The drive towards conciliation and the tension between differences and similitarities would eventually open up an area of hybridity, in which both the indian and english elite borrowed from each other's symbols and values. After the rebellion of 1857, the british were to adopt a radical approach to alterity, which would offer systematic and manageable representations of colonial subjects. Indo-English hybridity remains visible in post-colonial icons, however, whereas music and literature keep reinventing its complex architecture

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Kihlstenius, Therese, and Linnéa Thorsteinsen. "Student Influence during English Lessons : A Comparison of the Socialisation in India and Sweden." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9997.

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Анотація:

This project is a comparative study of three elementary schools in India and two elementary schools in Sweden. The purpose of this project is to study if Indian and Swedish students have the possibility to have influence on their English lessons. The research involves values conveyed in the socialisation and their consequences for student influence, democracy and society in the two countries.

National and international research and literature concerning socialisation, language didactics, democracy and student influence were used as a foundation of this study. Furthermore, the study investigates the Swedish and the Indian curricula, and makes use of observations of English lessons, questionnaires and interviews with teachers in both countries. The method for this research is qualitative with some features of quantitative research and based in the method of Grounded theory.

The results of this project is that the teachers in both countries controlled the students in different ways during the lessons and practiced student influence only when letting the students choose between preselected materials. Exclusion, inclusion and the hidden curriculum were aspects that appeared, which are likely to teach the students about their individual values in society. The lack of student influence consequently leads to the students being discouraged to be partaking citizens. Instead, the students will learn to follow the rules of society, be loyal to authorities and to carry established values with them and thus reproduce the society in each country and make it remain the same.

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Ongwatana, Pongpranod, and Gaurav Chordia. "How does culture influence communication in multicultural teams in China and India." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-18447.

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With the increasing trend of globalization, the impact of globalization has lead to a fast changing environment the boundaries for business is diminishing day by day so is the movement of people between different countries and cultures. The requirements of multinational organizations like expansion plans in international market has continuingly increased the need to understand the cultural dimensions of different countries to achieve better results. Therefore the companies are required to understand a national culture’s impact on areas like communication in multicultural teams in different countries which has a high degree of effect on team performance. So our research question revolves around this topic as “How does culture influence communication in multi cultural teams”. This thesis makes an attempt to investigate the influence of national cultures on communication in project teams in China and India by focusing on construction industry based on a number of factors including Hofstede’s (1980) cultural dimensional framework. The researchers intend to explore the cultural factors having major impact on communication in multicultural project teams of both countries. Throughout our research and study, useful lessons on national cultures impact on communication can be drawn for multicultural project team in China and India. It can provide a better insight for the project teams to have concern for and understand why people from different countries and cultures react or respond to various situations in a different manner, giving high emphasis to communication process.

To support our thesis a total of 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers in different companies from construction sector. An empirical qualitative research using semi-structured interviews was conducted from a total of 12 project team members from multinational companies in China and India based on their experiences on cultural influence on team communication when working in project teams. The research revealed that there are significant differences and similarities in communication styles of Chinese and Indian teams, and the differences are mostly attributed to have strong links with cultural aspects. Specially with increasing economical changes the traditional patterns of behavior in communication are changing with time. The results also addressed number of similarities; especially in both the countries, culture continues to dominate most aspects of communication. The major implication is that the knowledge of the cultural differences and similarities would facilitate better team performance. Therefore, by keeping in mind the importance as well as the impact of various national cultures and presenting each member with a better understanding and knowledge about social background of the team mates within the multicultural teams, arguments and conflicts arise due to misconception and pre-judgment can be reduced. Hence it will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the teams working in multicultural environment.

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Книги з теми "Indic influences"

Purwasito, Andrik. Imajeri India: Studi tanda dalam wacana. Surakarta: Pustaka Cakra, 2002.

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author, Liu Zhaohua (Editor), Qian Linsen editor, and Zhou Ning (Editor), eds. Zhong wai wen xue jiao liu shi: Zhongguo - Yindu juan. Jinan Shi: Shandong jiao yu chu ban she, 2015.

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Ibaraki-ken Tenshin Kinen Izura Bijutsukan. Indo ni miserareta nihongakatachi: Tenshin to Tagōru no deai kara : kaikan 1-shūnen kinenten. Kitaibaraki-shi: Ibaraki-ken Tenshin Kinen Izura Bijutsukan, 1998.

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Jens, Eckert, ed. Indische Musik in Deutschland: Gegenwart und Zukunft. Aachen: Shaker, 1998.

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1760-1833, Galanos Demetrius, and Arora Udai Prakash 1944-, eds. Graeco-Indica, India's cultural contects [sic] with the Greek world: In memory of Demetrius Galanos (1760-1833), a Greek Sanskritist of Benares. New Delhi: Ramanand Vidya Bhawan, 1991.

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Francisco, Juan R. Indian culture in the Philippines: Views and reviews : fourth Sri Lanka Endowment Fund lecture delivered at the University of Malaya on Friday, October 18, 1985. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya, 1985.

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Sri Venkatesvara University. Centre for Studies on Indochina & South Pacific., ed. The saga of Indian culture in Southeast Asia: Retrospect and prospect. Tirupati: Centre for Studies on Indochina & South Pacific, Sri Venkateswara University, 1998.

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Śarmā, Raghunandana Prasāda. Viśvavyāpī Bhāratīya saṃskr̥ti. Naī Dillī: Sāṃskr̥tika Gaurava Saṃsthāna, 2002.

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Mishra, Rajendra. Bhāratīya saṃskr̥ti kā jīvanta pratīka Bālīdvīpa. Naī Dillī: Rāshṭriya Saṃskr̥ta Saṃsthāna, 1998.

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Saryu, Doshi, ed. India and Greece, connections and parallels. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "Indic influences"

Joll, Christopher M. "Indic, Islamic and Thai Influences." In Muslim Merit-making in Thailand's Far-South, 25–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2485-3_2.

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Greenspan, Anna. "Eastern Influences." In India and the IT Revolution, 39–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230510371_4.

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Sinha, Anup, and Runa Sarkar. "Social Influence on Management Education in Contemporary India." In Managing India, 32–47. London: Routledge India, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032724461-4.

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Newman, Alexander, Andrea North-Samardzic, Madhura Bedarkar, and Yogesh Brahmankar. "Indian culture and its influence on entrepreneurship." In Entrepreneurship in India, 102–13. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003047285-7.

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Tewari, Surya, and H. Ramachandran. "Methodological Issues in Studying Urban Influence." In Sustainable Smart Cities in India, 41–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47145-7_3.

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Mutalik, Sharad, Dhanashree Bhide, Balkrishna Nikam, and Yashashree Rasal. "Racial Influences on Skin Disease (Dermatoses Influenced by the Cultural Habits and Customs in India)." In Atlas of Dermatology, Dermatopathology and Venereology, 429–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53811-2_17.

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Ghosh, Lipi, and Kanokwan Jayadat. "Thai Language and Literature: Glimpses of Indian Influence." In India-Thailand Cultural Interactions, 135–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3854-9_9.

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Kanth, D. Barani, J. Indumathy, S. Kadhiravan, G. Nagasubramaniyan, and P. Padma Sri Lekha. "Media Influence on Romantic Relationships." In Measuring Couples and Family Dynamics in India, 113–17. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2215-0_14.

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Kanth, D. Barani, J. Indumathy, S. Kadhiravan, G. Nagasubramaniyan, and P. Padma Sri Lekha. "Peer Influence on Romantic Relationships." In Measuring Couples and Family Dynamics in India, 107–12. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2215-0_13.

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Huang, Peter I.-min. "Indian Influences and the Transgender Imagination in the Chinese Literary Classic Journey to the West (西遊記)." In Transgender India, 49–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96386-6_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Indic influences"

GÜZEL, bdurrahman. "THE INFLUENCE OF ALI SHIR NAVOI ON Mughal NORTH INDIA." In The Impact of Zahir Ad-Din Muhammad Bobur’s Literary Legacy on the Advancement of Eastern Statehood and Culture. Alisher Navoi' Tashkent state university of Uzbek language and literature, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/bobur.conf.2023.25.09/bzai2996.

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India, which has been a long-time ally of Turkic states throughout history, has had a dense Turkish population, especially as a result of the expeditions made by the Ghaznels, Timur and Baburls to North India. During the campaigns of Mahmud of Ghazni, many families with the surname Türkîolan can be found even today in Muradâbâd, Sambhal and Rampurgibi regions in Northern India, where the Turkish population settled. It is known that a significant Turkish population settled here during Timur's expeditions to Kabul, Punjab, Sind and Delhi after Ghazni. As a matter of fact, the Kutbils (1206-1266), Balabans (1266-1290), Kalach Sultanate (1290-1320), Tughluqs (1320-1414), Seyyids (1414-1451) and Lods (1451) ruled in North India from the 13th century. -1526) were able to gain power by taking advantage of the power of the Turkish population that had settled here before. Babur's defeat of Lûdîler in 1526 and the conquest of North India, unlike other expeditions, means the beginning of a permanent rule in this region. During the period when Babur sat on the throne for about five years, the importance he gave to Turkish in this region, along with Persian and Hindi, ensured that Turkish was spoken in the palace and that Turkish developed as a language of poetry. In this respect, Chagatai Turkish is a "new field"52 where the Timur literary tradition continues in North India, and it also represents a symbol of cultural dominance. This issue will be addressed in our work.

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Bass, Julian M. "Influences on Agile Practice Tailoring in Enterprise Software Development." In 2012 AGILE India Conference. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agileindia.2012.15.

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Mathew, Trishita, Richard Hicks, and Mark Bahr. "Work Motivation, Personality, and Culture: Comparing Australia and India." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/qfif6591.

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The influences of motivation and personality in relation to performance have been examined extensively in the research literature, but there has been only limited attention given to the influence of these facets on performance across cultures. There is an increasing use of international resources and alliances aimed at better economic management in many global companies, but more needs to be known about how cultural issues are related to individual motivation, personality and perceptions of performance. Moreover, there are several theories of motivation, but the transferability of these theories to different cultures has been questioned. Thus, a model of motivation, personality characteristics and cultural differences influencing performance is proposed and will be tested in a cross-cultural comparison. Specifically, motivational influences, personality characteristics and cultural differences in Australia and India will be examined in relation to performance in two contexts, the first, in the educational setting dealing with students and their attitudes and approaches, and the second, in the workplace setting dealing with workers in their attitudes and approaches. It is hoped the findings will have both theoretical implications for the model of motivation-personality-culture- performance and practical implications for selection, training, development and compensation in dealing with a global workforce. The current paper reports the main basis for the research to come, outlining the importance of understanding the India-Australia similarities and differences in personality and motivation, and indicates what the implications for cross-cultural relationships are.

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Naveen, R., S. S. S. Kalyan, N. Umakanth, B. T. P. Madhav, and M. C. Rao. "Influence of air pollutants over India during 2015." In ADVANCED MATERIALS AND RADIATION PHYSICS (AMRP-2020): 5th National e-Conference on Advanced Materials and Radiation Physics. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0052441.

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Oliveira Silva Muraja, Daniela, Cecília Lemes Leite, Alan Prestes, and Virginia Klausner. "COMPARISON OF EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS THROUGH ITS INFLUENCES ON TREE GROWTH RINGS." In INIC 2023. São José dos Campos: Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18066/inic0930.23.

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S., Padmasree, and Niji T. N. "An Investigation on the Factors That Influence the Performance of Construction Projects." In The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/kzon5523/ngcesi23p132.

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Construction industry is considered as one of the most important and second largest industries in India after agriculture. It is well known that most construction projects in India, especially in Tamil Nadu are exposed to time and cost overrun or both. Time cost schedule is a crucial task in construction project management. This phenomenon may affect the progress of construction industry in India as well as may expose many institutions of construction to be destroyed. For instance; it can materially help to identify the expected financial requirements. It is also an important tool for the time control process. Construction project time schedule is greatly affected by many uncertain but predictable factors. This research lists the main factors affecting time and cost overrun and discusses their influence on schedule performance. The main factors are analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Science. From the analysis planning and scheduling deficiencies, financial unavailability, quality of materials, rain / inclement weather effect, inaccurate time estimates, design changes by owner found to be most critical factors.

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Schrade, Marcus, Stephan Staudacher, Matthias Weißschuh, and Matthias Voigt. "Form Factor for the Top-Level Comparison of the Condition of Supply of High-Pressure Compressor Blades." In ASME 2012 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2012-9599.

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High-pressure compressor (HPC) performance and maintenance of gas turbines is influenced by blade production scatter and in-service deterioration. Complex geometries in HPC, especially at blades, yield to a large amount of component features, which individually influence performance and maintenance characteristics. This results in a highly complex and poorly observable system. Hence, the correlation of a single component feature to performance or maintenance characteristics is not purposeful and a reduction of the parameter space is advantageous. A form factor is introduced that reduces geometric deviations of component features to a scalar. Principal component analysis (PCA) of measured HPC blades is used to support the form factor concept. The meaningfulness of this approach is shown in identifying process capabilities of different forges based on the form factor.

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Songpu, Ai, Mohan Lal Kolhe, Lei Jiao, Nils Ulltveit-Moe, and Qi Zhang. "Domestic demand predictions considering influence of external environmental parameters." In 2015 IEEE 13th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indin.2015.7281810.

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Sachin, D., and Mallikarjuna Reddy. "Dynamic Modelling and Free Vibration Characteristics Analysis of Rotating Beams." In ASME 2021 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2021-76426.

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Abstract Turbine blades are ideally modeled as cantilever beams on a disc rotating at a constant angular velocity. A study is made to understand the dynamic relationships between a rotating cantilever beam and various factors like hub radius, rotation speed, and slenderness ratio in in-plane vibration (Chordwise motion) and out-of-plane vibration (Flapwise motion). Hub is assumed to be rigid in the study. Using Hamilton’s principle, governing differential equations of movement for free vibration analysis of Euler-Bernoulli beam (EB) and Timoshenko (TB) beam under rotation are derived. The effects of the Gyroscopic couple are taken into account in the equations. The beam model is discretized using the Finite element approach. Derived differential equations are transformed into dimensionless quantities in which dimensionless parameters are identified. Under rotation, it is observed that the natural frequencies increase with the increase in rotational speed for both flapwise and chordwise motions of the beam. An interesting phenomenon is observed in the chordwise motion results, where Natural frequencies veer off at certain rotational speeds and certain modes. Slenderness ratios also influence this phenomenon, which shifts the veer-off region and the tuned angular frequency. Numerical results are obtained for different rotational speeds with various hub radius ratios, and it was observed that hub radius directly influences the natural frequencies of the rotating uniform cantilever beam. A thorough study on the influence of the slenderness ratio showed that, for lower slenderness ratio, frequency veering region occurs at the fundamental natural frequency, but for higher slenderness ratios’ there is a shift in frequency veering region for higher modes.

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Yu Jiang, Hong-you Gao, Shao-peng Yu, Hong Xiao, Xing-peng Liu, and Wei Teng. "The influence of different grid length to the FDTD calculation." In 2008 6th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indin.2008.4618182.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Indic influences"

Tambi, Radhey. India pushes back against China’s economic influence. East Asia Forum, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1694296808.

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Nikam, Jaee. Gaps, challenges and drivers for environmentally sustainable textile and garment manufacturing in India. Stockholm Environment Institute, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.033.

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This paper provides an overview of the country’s manufacturing value chain of textiles and garments, and the status of sustainable manufacturing throughout these so-called upstream processes, from raw material procurement to ready-made garment production. After outlining the regulatory structure that influences the upstream textile and garments value chain in India, the author explores the challenges and drivers faced by textile manufacturers in India, along with providing policy suggestions and highlighting the opportunities for sustainable transitions.

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Rao, Nitya, Sheetal Patil, Maitreyi Koduganti, Chandni Singh, Ashwin Mahalingam, Prathijna Poonacha, and Nishant Singh. Sowing Sustainable Cities: Lessons for Urban Agriculture Practices in India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ssc12.2022.

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Despite growing interest and recognition of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as a nature- based solution, there is limited empirical evidence in countries like India on its role in reconfiguring goals on environmental functions (such as biodiversity, waste management, water recycling, micro-climate regulation, etc.) and social wellbeing (such as food and nutrition security, gender relations, work burdens, land tenure and community ties). A need to address this gap led to the ideation of the project ‘Urban and peri-urban agriculture as green infrastructures’ ( UPAGrI ). When UPAGrI started in 2019, the research on UPA in India was thin but growing. However, the practical experience of urban farming across Indian cities is thriving and diverse, built on decades of bottom-up experimentation. Within the landscape of our ever-changing cities, we found vibrant communities-of-practice sharing seeds and knowledge, engaged online influencers discussing composting and water reuse, and stories of farming becoming sites of multi-generational bonding and nutritional security. This compendium is a collection of 29 such innovative UPA practices from across the different cities in the country. These diverse case studies are loosely categorized into four themes: environment and sustainability; food, nutrition and livelihood; gender and subjective well-being; and urban policy and planning. Written mostly by practitioners themselves, the case studies collectively recognise and celebrate UPA innovations and practices, serving as a repository of lessons for peer-to-peer learning, and demonstrating how UPA can be one of the many solutions towards sustainable, liveable Indian cities.

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Rao, Nitya. Sowing Sustainable Cities: Lessons for Urban Agriculture Practices in India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ssc12.2023.

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Squiers, Linda, Mariam Siddiqui, Ishu Kataria, Preet K. Dhillon, Aastha Aggarwal, Carla Bann, Molly Lynch, and Laura Nyblade. Perceived, Experienced, and Internalized Cancer Stigma: Perspectives of Cancer Patients and Caregivers in India. RTI Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0044.2104.

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Cancer stigma may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This exploratory, pilot study was conducted in India to explore the degree to which cancer stigma is perceived, experienced, and internalized among adults living with cancer and their primary caregivers. We conducted a survey of cancer patients and their caregivers in two Indian cities. The survey assessed perceived, experienced, and internalized stigma; demographic characteristics; patient cancer history; mental health; and social support. A purposive sample of 20 cancer survivor and caregiver dyads was drawn from an ongoing population-based cohort study. Overall, 85 percent of patients and 75 percent of caregivers reported experiencing some level (i.e., yes response to at least one of the items) of perceived, experienced, or internalized stigma. Both patients (85 percent) and caregivers (65 percent) perceived that community members hold at least one stigmatizing belief or attitude toward people with cancer. About 60 percent of patients reported experiencing stigma, and over one-third of patients and caregivers had internalized stigma. The findings indicate that fatalistic beliefs about cancer are prevalent, and basic education about cancer for the general public, patients, and caregivers is required. Cancer-related stigma in India should continue to be studied to determine and address its prevalence, root causes, and influence on achieving physical and mental health-related outcomes.

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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.

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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.

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Dütsch, Matthias, and Ralf Himmelreicher. Characteristics contributing to low- and minimum-wage labour in Germany. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-54129.

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In this article we examine the characteristics of individuals, companies, and industries involved in low-wage labour in Germany to understand their impact on the risks workers face of earning hourly wages that are below the minimum-wage and low-wage thresholds. To identify these characteristics, we use the Structure of Earnings Survey 2014 (SES). The SES is a mandatory survey of companies which provides information on wages and working hours from about 1 million jobs and nearly 70,000 compa-nies from all industries. This data allows us to present the first systematic analysis of the interaction of individual-, company-, and industry-level factors on minimum- and low-wage working in Germany. Using a descriptive analysis, we first give an overview of typical low-paying jobs, companies, and in-dustries. Second, we use random intercept-only models to estimate the explanatory power of the indi-vidual, company, and industry levels. One main finding is that the influence of individual characteristics on wage levels is often overstated: Less than 25 percent of the differences in the employment situa-tion regarding being employed in minimum-wage or low-wage jobs can be attributed to the individual level. Third, we performed logistic and linear regression estimations to assess the risks of having a minimum- or low-wage job and the distance between a worker’s actual earnings and the minimum- and low-wage thresholds. Our findings allow us to conclude that several determinants related to indi-viduals appear to suggest a high low-wage incidence, but in fact lose their explanatory power once controls are added for factors relating to the companies or industries that employ these individuals.

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Castelltort Aiguabella, F. X., and J. C. Balasch Solanes. ¿PUEDE EL EBRO MULTIPLICAR SUS CRECIDAS MÁS DE UN ORDEN DE MAGNITUD? Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21028/fxc.2020.11.11.

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Las megacrecidas fluviales son episodios de una gran trascendencia geomorfológica por su alta capacidad energética y su muy baja frecuencia en el registro geológico. Su rareza es superior en áreas alejadas de las grandes masas glaciares continentales. Los problemas de desagüe de los desfiladeros del curso bajo del Ebro son la causa de la acumulación de depósitos fluviales con origen en el río Ebro que han remontado los valles de torrentes tributarios en la cubeta de Móra. El paradigma de estas formaciones es el torrente del Comte, donde dos unidades deposicionales de edad diferente muestran procesos de flujo torrente arriba, hasta unos 4 km, y reflujo torrente abajo, con estructuras sedimentarias de muy alta energía. El uso de herramientas de simulación hidráulica bidimensional indica que serían necesarios caudales punta superiores a los 100.000 m3 · s-1, con alturas de agua de unos 24 m en la zona de la confluencia, para introducir estos sedimentos a las posiciones de afloramiento. Los efectos se verían reforzados por la influencia de niveles del mar más elevados que el actual.

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Bano, Masooda. In Need of Fresh Thinking: What Pratham’s Experience of Mobilising Communities Says about Current Development Thinking about Community Participation in Education. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/100.

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For more than two decades, the international development community has advocated that establishing school-based management committees to involve communities to monitor and hold teachers, principals, and district government officials accountable would improve state schooling in developing countries; yet the evidence to sustain this claim to date remains questionable. Considering the case of Pratham, the largest education NGO in India, which is widely recognised as having developed a successful model to improve learning outcomes among children in state schools and is known for doing it through active community engagement, this paper questions whether the current development thinking on best modes of engaging communities to improve learning outcomes in state schools needs fresh thinking. The paper questions the validity of the two central assumptions underpinning the school-based management model: that better-informed communities will become involved in education activities with some mobilisation and training; and that engaged communities will be able to hold to account front-line state officials, starting with teachers and principals and moving on to the district government officials. Pratham’s experience shows that dissemination of information about benefits of education does not automatically result in community engagement; instead, people are motivated to become involved on the basis of individual-based incentives. Equally, it shows that for a community to influence the actions of front-line staff, it is important to develop a co-operative and supportive relationship, instead of focusing on accountability. Pratham’s experience thus shows that there is much scope for fresh thinking within the international development community on how to engage communities in developing countries in improving learning outcomes in state schools.

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Levy, Brian. How ‘Soft Governance’ Can Help Improve Learning Outcomes. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/053.

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On the surface, global gains in educating children have been remarkable. Access has expanded enormously. So, too, has knowledge about ‘best practices’—both education-sector-specific knowledge about how students learn and successful teachers teach, and knowledge about ‘best practice’ arrangements for governing education systems. Yet the combination of access and knowledge has not translated into broad-based gains in learning outcomes. Why? In seeking to address this question, a useful point of departure is the 2018 Learning World Development Report’s distinction between proximate and underlying causes of learning shortfalls. Proximate causes include the skills and motivations of teachers, the quality of school management, the available of other inputs used in schools, and the extent to which learners come to school prepared to learn. Underlying these are the governance arrangements through which these inputs are deployed. Specialist knowledge on the proximate drivers of learning outcomes can straightforwardly be applied in countries where governance works well. However, in countries where the broader governance context is less supportive, specialist sector-specific interventions to support learning are less likely to add value. In these messy governance contexts, knowledge about the governance and political drivers of policymaking and implementation can be an important complement to sector-specific expertise. To help uncover new ways of improving learning outcomes (including in messy governance contexts), the Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE) Programme has championed a broad-ranging, interdisciplinary agenda of research. RISE was organised around a variety of thematic and country-focused research teams that probed both proximate and underlying determinants of learning. As part of the RISE work programme, a political economy team commissioned studies on the politics of education policy adoption (the PET-A studies) for twelve countries (Chile, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa, Tanzania and Vietnam). A December 2022 RISE synthesis of the individual country studies1 laid out and applied a framework for systematically assessing how political and institutional context influences learning outcomes—and used the results to suggest some ‘good fit’ soft governance entry points for improving learning outcomes across a variety of different contexts. This insight note elaborates on the synthesis paper’s argument and its practical implications.

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