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Статті в журналах з теми "India’s Foreign Trade"
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Singh, Khujan, and Anil Kumar. "EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INDIA’S FOREIGN TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 10 (October 26, 2020): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i10.2020.1805.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study is an attempt to examine long run relationship among India’s GDP, Exports and Imports for which yearly time series data from 1995 to 2018 has been collected. Data for India’s GDP has been collected from RBI website and India’s export and import data has been collected form Ministry of Commerce and Industry website. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test for stationarity found that studied variables become stationary at first order of difference. While, Johnson cointegration test revealed long run cointegration between India’s GDP, exports and imports. The results of VECM Granger causality test exhibited bi-directional relationship between India’s GDP and India’s exports, whereas uni-directional relation has been found between India’s GDP and India’s imports. These results have significant implication for India’s export import policy and to achieve a target of $5 trillion economy till 2024-2025.
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Sajeev, U., and V. P. Akhila. "India’s Foreign Trade Under Plan Periods." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v9i2.3785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International Trade is an engine of growth of an economy. Trade is just not a transfer/exchange of goods and services, but it is more than it. So, when we date back to the history of trade, there we can see its been long back people started to travel and trade with various countries. Here, the study focuses on the India’s Trade during plan periods, especially under five year plan. Through this research work, it tries to study and evaluate the India’s foreign trade and its value, composition and direction.
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Anusha, Tanneru, and Seema Nazneen. "India’s Major Trade Partners UK and US." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i3.3281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On the eve of planning the trade, the foreign trade of India with the US and the UK showed an excess of exports over imports from more than a decade. Foreign trade in India showed excess imports over exports. The trade deficit was largely due to the war pre-war and post-war. This paper is based on secondary data collected from commerce and industry and other various government reports and sources. It also demonstrates Indian trade from a global perspective. Indian trade with the United States and the United Kingdom and the relations trade terms are analyzed. The major sectors and products involved in the trade are studied. The Indian Institute of foreign trade promotes imports and exports trade terms and agreements and also envelops the full range of global business. Foreign trade policy or Exim policy along with simplification and merger reward schemes are studied. India’s trade for the past years was seen negative due to certain reasons. The trade analysis of India was done for the year 2019-20. The effect of India’s foreign trade for 2020 is studied. The world trade scenario in the recent estimated in the IMF.
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Tiwari, CA Naveen Kumar. "A Comparative Study of Indias Foreign Trade in Pre and Post Reform Era." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 2040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: Foreign trade has been playing a vital role in the economic progress and prosperity of every country.In modern days foreign trade has assumed an immense prominence and substance for economic development of a country because of interdependence of economies, increasing specialization and joining regional cooperation. In 1991, the major program of economic reform were introduced which emphasize on external sector wherein the protective tariffs were decreased, changes into foreigninvestment and the restrictive import licensing system was relaxed and simplified. After the New economic reforms, India’s foreign trade has undergone substantial changes, volume of trade rose up and composition of trade was also frequently changed. The main objective of the paper is to study the trends of India’s foreign trade pre and post new economic reforms in India. The entire data for the present study is collected from the secondary sources. The collected data has been analyzed by using Paired t-test from SPSS software package and graphs. The findings of this paper said that there is positive relationship between economic reforms and India’s foreign trade. A push has been given to theexports but analyzes says that the increasing rate of imports is higher in comparison to the increasing rate of exports. Keywords: Foreign Trade, New Economic Reforms, Exports, Imports, Growth Rate.
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Barik, Anirudha. "Post-crisis India’s Merchandise Export Growth: What Has Changed?" Indian Economic Journal 66, no. 3-4 (December 2018): 270–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219880132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article comprehensively examines the growth and pattern of India’s merchandise exports during and following the financial crisis period (2007–08 to 2016–17) using Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics and United Nations Commodity Trade/World Integrated Trade Solution trade data. The entire analysis is based on leading trade indices and indicators and the results confirm that significant change in India’s trading structure is associated with the fast growth of foreign trade. The composition of exports has undergone changes overtime, bearing a strong influence of factor endowments and technology in favour of both human capital intensive and technology intensive sectors. The magnitude of product diversification shows that India’s export basket is poorly diversified but more diversified than BRICS countries except China. India’s export destinations showed a major shift from the developed countries market to the emerging markets in Asia and Africa. However, India holds more increased trade intensity with USA and Hong Kong. Dynamism in labour-intensive manufacturing sector is vital to promote India’s exports of agricultural value-added products and enable more competitive at the world. Also, the development of new markets should be viewed as part of a wider effort to enlarge the India’s foreign trade. JEL Code: F10, F14, F19
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Dwivedi, Dr Umesh. "A Comparative Study of India’s Foreign Trade in Pre and Post Reform Period." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 12 (December 30, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27825.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Foreign trade has been playing a vital role in the economic progress and prosperity of every country. In modern days foreign trade has assumed an immense prominence and substance for economic development of a country because of interdependence of economies, increasing specialization and joining regional cooperation. In 1991, the major program of economic reform were introduced which emphasize on external sector wherein the protective tariffs were decreased, changes into foreign investment and the restrictive import licensing system was relaxed and simplified. After the New economic reforms, India’s foreign trade has undergone substantial changes, volume of trade rose up and composition of trade was also frequently changed. The main objective of the paper is to study the trends of India’s foreign trade pre and post new economic reforms in India. The entire data for the present study is collected from the secondary sources. The collected data has been analyzed by using Paired t-test from SPSS software package and graphs. The findings of this paper said that there is positive relationship between economic reforms and India’s foreign trade. A push has been given to the exports but analyzes says that the increasing rate of imports is higher in comparison to the increasing rate of exports.
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Goyal, Khushbu Singla, and Arti Gaur. "Sectoral Diversification of India’s Foreign Trade Portfolio:Exploring the Commodity Composition of India’s Trade-Basket." TSM Business Review 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23837/tbr/2016/v4/n1/112766.
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Kryuchkov, Igor V., Natalia D. Kryuchkova та Ashot A. Melkonyan. "Внешняя торговля Британской Индии на рубеже XIX–XX вв. (по материалам дипломатических представительств России)". Oriental studies 15, № 2 (15 липня 2022): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-60-2-200-213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The history of British Raj’s foreign economic activity development at the turn of the 20th century remains somewhat understudied both in Russian and foreign historiography. Since the 1880s, India significantly increased foreign trade to become Asia’s leader in this regard. Goals. The paper aims at examining dynamics of India’s export-import operations and foreign trade by countries. Materials and methods. The article analyzes reports and accounts of Russian diplomats to have worked in British Raj, the Near East, and Great Britain. The employed research methods include the historical/genetic, comparative historical, and historical/typological ones. Results. Britain had been India’s dominating trading partner. However, gradually other states also increased trade operations with the latter, especially import ones. The paper emphasizes Russia failed to become a key foreign trade partner of British Raj (except for export of kerosene and import of tea). The identified reasons are contentious British-Russian relations in Central Asia in the 1860s–1890s, poor knowledge of the Indian market, and geographical remoteness. British Raj turned an outpost of Great Britain’s economic strength in the Persian Gulf. At the same time, Indian goods displaced products from other countries — including Britain manufactured ones — in many ports of the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula. The article stresses that the bulk of India’s foreign economic relations were maintained via maritime transport. This was due to complicated natural and climatic factors along land borders, instability in frontiers (Afghanistan and Persia). Nonetheless, British Raj was increasing its economic presence in Afghanistan, Persia, Nepal, Ceylon, Siam, and western provinces of China. An important place in India’s foreign trade was occupied by transit trade and re-export of goods from other states, which makes it difficult to accurately determine the actual volume of its foreign trade. Conclusions. The specifics of India’s national economic development can thus be traced in the structure of its foreign trade. The exports were dominated by raw materials and foodstuffs; manufactured products were only making their way to foreign markets. The difficulties were largely associated with the Great Britain’s colonial policy in India since the former sought to keep using the latter as a market for industrial products produced in the British Isles. On the eve of WW I, British Raj was building up its economic potential through strengthening its positions in world trade.
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Farasat, Shadan. "India’s Quest for Regional Trade Agreements: Challenges Ahead." Journal of World Trade 42, Issue 3 (June 1, 2008): 433–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2008020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Backed by high economic growth, India has been entering into numerous regional trade agreements (RTAs) in the past few years. This article carries out a holistic analysis of these RTAs in light of India’s commitments at the World Trade Organization (WTO). The thrust of the article is on the challenges India’s RTAs currently face. An examination of India’s RTAs reveals that many of them may not be fully consistent with the applicable WTO rules. Additionally, the article reveals an “implementation deficit” in respect of India’s RTAs. The article suggests changes to the existing Indian foreign trade policy, so as to make India’s regional trade endeavours complimentary to the multilateral process at the WTO.
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Gore, Manasi, and Meenal Annachhatre. "Trade-off between India’s Trade Promotion and its Environmental Sustainability." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept of sustainable development involves three components namely economic, social and environmental. In a developing economy like that of India, the economic sustainability demands higher growth of key economic indicators such as National income, employment generation, production, consumption and even the foreign trade. The growth of foreign trade and that of the exports are very critical for the foreign exchange reserves essential to pay for the imports in India. Trade as an engine of the economic growth thus fulfils the essential implication for economic sustainability. But in achieving this growth, economy’s environmental sustainability is at stake. This is because, the top export products of India still comprise of petroleum products (18%) , agricultural products (12%), textiles and yarns together at 11 % and chemicals (10%). All these exports in their production have immensely contributed towards environmental pollution in one way or the other. Mining for gold, silver and diamonds resulted in water pollution, Green House Gas emission, and soil erosion. Petroleum refineries are a major source of hazardous and toxic air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM).Though India’s contribution to the total world trade is yet negligible, while promoting the major exports as mentioned above the natural resources are exploited too much and thus create a threat to India’s environmental sustainability. This paper therefore advocates the need for the Green products’ exports to make India’s growth story even environmentally sustainable. Keywords: Sustainable development, Green products, Exports, Imports, Environmental Pollution
Дисертації з теми "India’s Foreign Trade"
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Chakraborty, Debasish. "IMPACT OF WTO ON INDIAN AGRICULTURAL TRADE (A Comparison of the Trade in Agricultural commodities in India in the Pre & Post WTO regime)." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2790.
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Giri, Jeeten Krishna. "REGIONAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, INTRA-NATIONAL TRADE, AND INDUSTRY-LEVEL INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IN INDIA." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1590.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation addresses specific issues on domestic and foreign trade in India. The three chapters of the dissertation are summarized as follows. In the first chapter, we analyze the existence of regional wage differences across Indian states, and how domestic trade affects those premiums. We follow a two-step estimation process used in the literature on Labor Economics. Our empirical results show that higher level of domestic imports tends to reduce the state premiums, and higher domestic exports increase those premiums, which is consistent with a specific factor Ricardo-Viner model. Thus, promoting domestic trade by with states specializing in certain industries may lead to higher welfare within the country. In addition, we find, state premiums depend negatively on state-level amenities measured by per-capita power availability, and does not depend on the richness of the State measured by per-capita Net State Domestic Product. In the second chapter, we look at the pattern and determinants of inter-state manufacturing trade in India. In the paper, we use information on 12 manufacturing industries categorized under 5 sectors from 2005 to 2013 with two-year intervals in between. We find that a 1\% decrease in income ratio between importing state net state domestic product and exporting state net domestic product has significantly varying effects on trade flows across the different sectors. For coal and minerals, the effect is 36.8%, for chemical it is 105%, for metals it is 31.5% and for cement, it is 36.8%. In all these case a decrease in income ratio increases exports. For machinery, a 1% decrease in income ratio lead to approximately 9.3% reduction in trade. This suggests that machineries which are capital goods are more imported by richer states, whereas the other goods which can be classified as intermediate inputs are more imported by poorer states. We also find that infrastructure promotes trade and on average infrastructure reduces the effect of contiguity by around 28.6% and promotes trade even between non-contiguous states. Therefore, infrastructure in the form of roadways, highways, and railways must be built and maintained to promote facilitate trade in India. In chapter three, we compare the effects of tariffs and non-tariff barriers on Indian exports. We use Indian HS-96 four-digit industry level export data from COMTRADE and tariff data from TRAINS database for the study. The overall result suggests that input tariffs have the largest effect on exports, followed by final tariff and foreign tariffs. A 1% reduction in input tariff leads to around 8.6% increase in exports. A similar reduction in final tariffs and foreign tariffs lead to 3.6% and 2.8% increase, respectively in exports. Thus, we conclude that the supply side effect of exports dominates the demand side effects. From a policy perspective, if countries try to improve trade balance by imposing high tariffs, it may lead to a negative effect on exports through the input tariff effects.
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Lancheros, Sandra. "Essays on firm level responses to trade and foreign direct investment liberalization in India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12657/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the past three decades policy makers from a number of developing countries have undertaken outward-oriented economic reforms with the objective of stimulating global capabilities and allowing domestic firms to catch up with the technological frontier. In the case of India, one of the most important features of such economic reforms has been the promotion of exports and outward foreign direct investments (FDI). Using a rich set of econometric methodologies, we examine the forces underlying Indian firms’ global strategies in the form of exporting and investing abroad and the impact of such decisions upon their future performance. Our analysis covers the years from 1999 to 2007, a period of gradual internationalization of Indian firms in response to ongoing trade and FDI liberalization. We contrast the strategies followed by manufacturing and service firms and pay particular attention to the role of technological and financial factors in shaping firms’ globalization processes. The first chapter of this thesis starts with an analysis of the individual and complementary effects of exporting and investing abroad in stimulating the development of firms’ in-house technological capabilities. We find that outward FDI substitutes the rate of technology investments at home, a result that is consistent with the notion of technology-seeking Indian multinationals investing abroad with the purpose of acquiring foreign technology. In contrast, we uncover evidence of technology-enhancing effects from exporting amongst Indian multinationals, indicating that exporting has been an important channel through which Indian multinational expansion has encouraged greater domestic economic activity. Finally, we fail to find evidence that exporting non multinational firms always invest more in technology than non-exporting ones. Rather, the nature of this association varies according to the sector under consideration and the type of technology. In the second chapter we analyze the process of productivity growth in Indian firms. We examine the individual and complementary roles of technology investments and international activities in stimulating innovation and technological convergence, two potential sources of firms’ productivity growth. Our findings indicate that technological convergence has been an important source of productivity growth in India, with service firms converging faster to the technological frontier than manufacturing companies. We also find that exporting boosts the rate of innovation of Indian multinationals, whereas their overseas investments speed up their rate of technological convergence. In the case of non-multinational companies, exporting stimulates productivity growth by accelerating their rate of technological transfer. There are also positive complementary effects between international activities and technology investments in stimulating firms’ productivity growth either through innovation and/or through technological transfer. Finally, in the third chapter we evaluate the role of external finance for service exports. In contrast to some findings for the manufacturing sector, we find that external finance is not a significant determinant of Indian service firms’ exporting activity. .
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Hančáková, Aneta. "Hospodářské vztahy mezi Českou republikou a Indií s přihlédnutím ke kulturním odlišnostem." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124636.
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The aim of this thesis is to introduce business environment in India to the Czech businessmen and to the public. The thesis shall answer the questions like what are opportunities and threats of the Indian business environment, how culture influences business negotiations with Indian counterparties and if India is the perspective country for the Czech exporters and investors.
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Kocián, Adam. "Mezinárodní ekonomické vztahy EU s Indiíí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9345.
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The first chapter describes the structure of the Indian economy, the basic macroeconomic measures, the characteristics of the individual sectors and the comparative advantages and disadvantages. The second chapter analyses the development of the world trade, the development and the structure of the foreign trade of the EU and India and the bilateral trade between the EU and India. The third chapter describes the development of the foreign trade policies of the EU and India, the tariff and non-tariff obstacles of the foreign trade. The fourth chapter describes the areas of the economic and non-economic cooperation between the EU and India, trade in services and foreign investments.
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Steinecke, Tim. "National oil companies and state actors : an assessment of the role of Petronas and ONGC in the foreign policy decision-making process of Malaysia and India using the example of overseas investments in Sudan and South Sudan." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7765.
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The thesis addresses the role of national oil companies and their overseas engagement in the foreign policy decision-making process of states. Over the past 40 years, national oil companies have gained importance in the international oil industry and currently control around 90 per cent of the global oil reserves. A number of political and economic factors – depleting domestic reserves, economic growth – have resulted in an increasing expansion of Asian national oil companies to Africa. Through the use of two Asian national oil companies – Malaysia's Petronas and India's Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) – and their overseas engagement in Sudan and South Sudan as case studies, the thesis assesses three aspects: factors and motives that influence the relationship between government institutions and Petronas and ONGC, the connection between this domestic relationship and the overseas engagement of both companies, and the implications of the overseas engagement of Petronas and ONGC in both Sudans for the foreign policy decision-making process of Malaysia and India. This set of questions is analysed through a comparative case study design that is supported by in-depth interviews and based on Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), proposing a four-level theoretical framework. This thesis thus seeks to demonstrate how FPA can help assess the connection between the domestic decision-making process and the international engagement of the companies. In doing so, it not only argues that process and engagement are in fact connected, but also critically addresses conventional assumptions about the overseas engagement of national oil companies. Furthermore, this thesis questions the idea that government institutions and national oil companies act in a coherent and coordinated manner when operating abroad.
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Nagar, Swati. "New Zealand businesses in India opportunities and challenges : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy (M.Phil), 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/437.
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As a resource based economy international engagement plays a critical role for the growth and development of New Zealand. One of the most notable trends over the past 15 years has been the rise of some of the largest markets around the world, that have led to a rapid and substantial increase in international trade and investment flows. The liberalisation and consequently the rise of emerging markets has today changed the economic geography for the business world, with companies entering these markets with the hope of getting superior returns arising from rapid economic growth and related market opportunities. Amongst other emerging markets, the economic resurgence of the Indian market in the recent years has been widely noticed and in many senses has influenced and changed the structure and operations of businesses around the world. The prospects offered by India have allowed firms to substantially expand their activities beyond their domestic borders and access new growth opportunities generating significant productive growth. The benefits that markets like India today generate are likely to be particularly significance for New Zealand, given the small size of the domestic market. Indeed, increasing New Zealand’s exporting and international investing activity is vital to raising New Zealand’s growth rate. The rapid rise and deregulation of the Indian market has seen a rise in the number of New Zealand businesses keen to tap into the vast prospects across different sectors over the recent years. Nevertheless, New Zealand businesses have not been participating to nearly the same extent as most businesses from other small developed countries currently operating in the Indian market. Reasons for this limited interaction are unclear and not well documented in the current literature that examines the economic activities amongst the two markets. Given the importance of international engagement New Zealand businesses cannot afford to isolate themselves from the opportunities provided by the Indian market. Considering this, the main aim of this research is to focus on the opportunities that India provides and the benefits that New Zealand businesses stand to gain from those. On identifying, this may help devise actions that might lead to substantially increased levels of international investments by New Zealand firms, given the challenges of entering the Indian base from a small remote country. Drawing on insights gained from existing literature and case studies of companies operating in India, the research will identify appropriate strategies and policies that might help New Zealand businesses to succeed and better direct operations in India.
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Suchá, Tereza. "Komparativní analýza ekonomického vzestupu Číny a Indie od poloviny 90. let." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12530.
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The content of this diploma thesis is a comparison of China and India, not only from an economic point of view, since the mid 1990's. Both countries are compared from the perspective of their specifics (geographical, political, cultural and human resources), macroeconomic indicators and economic sectors of each country. Savings, investments, foreign trade, FDI, infrastructure and membership in international organizations or corporations are all characterized throughout the paper. Prospective future developments, opportunities for foreign investments and cooperation between countries, as well as the present status of China and India in the world, are also briefly characterized in this thesis.
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Gomis, François. "Les nouveaux défis et enjeux de la politique étrangère de la France en Afrique francophone subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D020.
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Des années 1960 jusqu’à la fin de la guerre froide, voire au-delà, l’influence voire la prépondérance de la France sur les territoires francophones d’Afrique noire est presque totale. Cependant, en ce XXIème siècle naissant, la compétition mondiale dans la recherche de nouveaux débouchés et de la sécurisation de l’approvisionnement énergétique amène inexorablement les grandes puissances à entrer en ‘‘conflit d’intérêts’’ par la pénétration réciproque des « arrière-cours ». Ceci est particulièrement vrai pour la France qui voit des pays tels que les Etats-Unis, la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil, la Turquie, les pays du Golfe, etc., faire une entrée fracassante dans une région géographique qu’elle considère depuis longtemps comme sa « chasse gardée » compte tenu des liens historique, linguistique et politique. Ces nouveaux défis et enjeux pour la politique africaine de la France se mesurent désormais, à l’aune des transformations à l’œuvre sur la scène internationale avec la mondialisation et l’émergence de nouvelles puissances du Sud. Les défis et les enjeux sont importants pour l’action extérieure de la France et sa place dans le monde, compte tenu de la concurrence féroce des nouveaux acteurs et des changements des sociétés africaines en cours. Néanmoins elle possède encore des atouts économiques, diplomatiques et stratégiques susceptibles de lui permettre d’élaborer, grâce à l’espace culturel francophone, un projet original, ambitieux et porteur d’espoir. Pour ce faire, il faudra répondre aux deux interrogations suivantes : Comment réformer cette politique traditionnelle basée sur des relations étroites et privilégiées avec les dirigeants africains sans toutefois compromettre les avantages comparatifs de la France sur place? Quelle stratégie politique mettre en œuvre pour identifier les véritables intérêts communs des Français et des Africains francophones, en tenant compte des opportunités et des menaces, et les développer dans un partenariat mutuellement bénéfique ?From 1960s to the end of the cold war, even beyond, the influence even the supremacy of France in the French-speaking territories in Sub-Saharan Africa is almost total. However, in this 21st century, the world competition in the research of new markets and the security of the energy supply leads inexorably the great powers to enter in “conflict of interests” by the mutual penetration of the “back-yards”. This is particularly true for France which has countries such as the United States, China, India, Brazil, Turkey, the Gulf Arab States, etc., to make a dramatic entrance in a geographical area where she judged it for a long time as her “exclusive domain” considering the historical, linguistic and political links. These new challenges and issues for the African policy of France are measured from now on, in the light of the transformations at work in the world with the globalization and the emergence of new powers of the South. The challenges and the issues are important for the external action of France and its place in the World, considering the fierce competition between new stakeholders and the ongoing African society changes. Nevertheless it still has economic, diplomatic and strategic assets which enable him to elaborate, thanks to the francophone cultural center, an original project, ambitious and promising. With this aim in mind, it will be necessary to answer to the two following questions: How to reform this traditional policy based on close and privileged relationships with African leaders without compromising, however, the comparative advantages of France on the spot? Which political strategy has to be implemented in order to identify the real common interests of the French and the French-speaking Africans, by taking into account the opportunities and threats, and to develop them in a mutually beneficial partnership?
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Rao, Akkipeddi Sundara Raja. "A decade's development of India's foreign trade 1970-71 to 1979-80." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4572.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "India’s Foreign Trade"
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Babu, S. Ramesh. India's foreign trade: Some trends. Allahabad, India: Chugh Publications, 1988.
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Rai, H. Lajipathi. India's foreign trade: Retrospective and prospective. New Delhi: Uppal Pub. House, 1989.
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Rao, Mopidevi Sundara. Trends and determinants of India's foreign trade. Allahabad, India: Chugh Publications, 1991.
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Ratna, Rajan Sudesh. Mainstreaming gender through India's foreign trade policy. New Delhi: Centre for WTO Studies, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, 2010.
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Mukherjee, Neela. India's foreign trade by regions, 1950-1986. New Delhi: Indus Pub. Co., 1988.
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Saxena, Usha. Role of multinationals in India's foreign trade. New Delhi: Ashish Pub. House, 1987.
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Iqbal, Badar A. India's trade with Japan. Delhi: Academic Foundation, 1990.
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Bora, Dalip Kumar S. India's foreign trade with the European Economic Community (EEC). Almora, India: Shri Almora Book Depot, 1994.
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1939-, Murty S., ed. India's international trade and rupee exchange rate. Jaipur: R.B.S.A. Publishers, 1995.
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Joseph, Abraham. India's trade with Japan: Constraints and opportunities : a study in trade and investment. Delhi: Gian Pub. House, 1988.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "India’s Foreign Trade"
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Panchmukhi, V. R. "Foreign Trade and Balance of Payment." In India’s Economic Development Strategies 1951–2000 A.D., 291–314. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4614-9_8.
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Chakraborty, Debesh, and Kakali Mukhopadhyay. "Estimation of Water Pollution Content in India’s Foreign Trade." In Water Pollution and Abatement Policy in India, 119–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8929-5_6.
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Bharucha, Vasantha. "The Impact of Environmental Standards and Regulations Set in Foreign Markets on India’s Exports." In Trade, Environment & Sustainable Development, 123–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25417-0_12.
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Acharyya, Rajat. "India's Foreign Trade." In The Indian Economy @ 75, 186–206. London: Routledge India, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003416074-10.
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Prakash, Shri, and Sonia Anand Dhir. "Empirical Investigation of Heckscher Ohlin Theory on India's Foreign Trade." In Handbook of Evidence Based Management Practices in Business, 29–38. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003415725-5.
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Mansi, K. "Foreign Policy of Canada vis-à-vis India under Stephen Harper: From Cold Storage to Warmth of Billion-Dollar Trade." In Nation-Building, Education and Culture in India and Canada, 135–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6741-0_9.
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Chakravarty, Malini. "India’s Foreign Trade." In Economics, 65–111. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199458943.003.0003.
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Narlikar, Amrita. "18. India and the World Trade Organization." In Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708902.003.0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines India’s emergence as a key player in the World Trade Organization (WTO) within the context of its foreign policy. It considers plausible mainstream explanations for India’s apparent rise to power, including growing market size, changing ideology, and the role of domestic interest groups in influencing foreign economic policy. It suggests that India’s emergence as a major player in the WTO can be explained by its negotiation behaviour. More specifically, it shows that India’s rise in the WTO is a product of decades of learning to negotiate within the specific multilateral rules of the organization (as well as its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)). The chapter also considers some of the problems that India’s WTO diplomacy raises within the trade context as well as its broader foreign policy goals.
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Raghavan, Pallavi. "Journeys of Discovery." In India and the Cold War, 19–35. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651163.003.0002.
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This chapter explores the geopolitical legacy of colonialism between India and Pakistan, and the United States, by investigating the influence over trade, military alliances, and international politics. The chapter covers India and Pakistan’s foreign policy and factors that lead up to the transfer of power. The chapter focuses on preexisting colonial ideas and strategies that optimized India’s, Pakistan’s, and the United States’ positions during the Cold War.
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"India’s Foreign Trade Deficit, Depreciating Rupee and the Fraud of Modern Economics." In An Alternative Philosophy of Development, 74–87. Routledge India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315388748-6.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "India’s Foreign Trade"
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İzgi, Mehmet Tevfik. "The Vision of Growth with High Value-Added Products in the Tourism Sector of Turkey with the Approach of Comparative Advantage Theory." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02799.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The foreign trade balance in the economy of Türkiye is negative. This negative situation in the current account balance and the loss of foreign currency are reduced by tourism income. The foreign trade deficit in the first quarter of 2023 is approximately 35 billion USD. In 2022, foreign trade deficit of approximately 110 billion USD and tourism income of 46 billion USD was realized. With all the constraints in the supply of tourism goods and services in our country, the aim of the simplex algorithm method is to present more tourism income, more profit margin and high value-added products to the tourism market. The data set is taken from TUIK producer price indices. Accommodation sector capacities are taken from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism's Facility Statistics data. The application of the optimum decision-making process in multivariate problems based on empirical findings and linear programming tools used in the article. Profit maximization in tourism goods and services is calculated with the simplex algorithm method. David Ricardo examined foreign trade in the Theory of Comparative Advantage, considering that foreign active tourism, touristic goods and services are sold to foreigners in the country, this economic theory can also be used for the tourism sector if an approach is made in this way. This study aims to contribute to a scientific growth vision approach with the increase in the sales volume of touristic goods and services with high added value in the tourism sector, which has an opportunity cost advantage.
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Gerni, Cevat, Sabri Azgün, Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "Vertical and Horizontal Intra-Industry Trade between Turkey and the World in the Selected Manufacturing Industry Sub-Sectors." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01900.
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Intra industry trade is goods and services with the same or similar factor intensity in production or, two-way trade of goods and services that are close substitutes for each other as the demand side. There are two main categories of intra-industry trade: horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade. Intra-industry trade in similar products with differentiated varieties is horizontal intra-industry trade, the intra-industry trade of differentiated goods, which differ in terms of quality and price, is vertical intra trade. The main objectives of this paper are to explain the extent of vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade in the Turkey’s foreign trade with the world in the selected manufacturing industry sectors. İn this study, using Abd-el-Rahman (1991) and Hine, Greenaway and Milner(1995) approach of Intra-ındustry trade decomposition methods has been analyzed the extent and development of vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade In the selected manufacturing industry sub-sectors between Turkey and The World for the period 2010:01-2016:11 by unit value indices.
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"Emerging Trends in Foreign Trade of India –A Glimpse into the Post Globalised Economy." In July 11-12, 2017 Bangkok (Thailand). EAP, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eap.dirh0717208.
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Çeştepe, Hamza, and Tamer Güven. "Disincentive Factors for Transformation of the Economic Cooperation Organization to Regional Integration: An Assessment Regarding Intra-regional Trade." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00745.
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In this study, the structure and level of intra-regional trade in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), which is a movement of regional cooperation founded in the Western and Central Asia region, has been analyzed. In ECO, with a share below its potential at the world trade, intra-regional trade is low relative to other regional integrations such as the European Union. However, the volume of intra-regional trade in the region countries, except a few countries, tend to increase in recent years. In this study, as a result of the evaluation made by the indices calculated, it was found that the region countries is in the position of more complementary economies in context of foreign trade; the countries has generally a high trade intensity with its neighbors; intra-industry trade in the region is at low level. As a result, although the level and structure of intra-regional trade in ECO region seems to be disincentive for the transformation to regional integration as of today, recent developments suggest that this obstacle will gradually diminish in the future. In addition, if some of advantages and potential of the region in terms of regional integration can be valued it does not seem very difficult to reach more advanced stages of integration for this cooperation movement.
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Hışırlı, Serhat, Zeynep Karaçor, and Emine Fırat. "Globalization, Road and Belt Project and Expected Results." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02653.
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One of the most important occupations for human beings since the day they existed has been to provide the necessary nutrients to sustain their life. As time progressed in this production activity, with the increase in division of labor and specialization, with the development of barter economy and trade, the importance of trade routes increased. One of the most important of trade routes is the 'Silk Road'. Today it wants to be revived and carried forward mainly by rail. There are 69 countries and international organizations that started to be mentioned in 2013 under the leadership of China and have signed projects as of today. It is planned to reach 2049.
In our study, the amount of imports from China of 12 important countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Iran, India, Turkey, Egypt, Ukraine, Russia, Hungary, Poland) that cooperated in the project between 2000 and 2017 gross domestic product ratios), foreign direct investment from China (ratio of incoming foreign direct investment) and debts to China (ratio to the country's gross domestic product) will be examined. As a result of these examinations, the possible harm and benefits of the Road-Belt project to the world economy will be tried to be determined. Policies to be implemented in the Road-Belt project will be proposed in order for world trade to operate in a win-win manner. Again, what needs to be done for the project to contribute to world peace will be presented as a proposal in connection with the world conjuncture.
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Muntaka, Abdul Rahman Mohammed, Oluwaseun Adeoye Oyebamiji, and Abiola Adeniyi. "Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Poverty in Ghana: A Johansen Co-integration Analysis." In 7th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International guest Students Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2023.028.
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In the past years, Ghana has witnessed a significant increase in Foreign Direct Investment which is expected to translate into transformative growth that reduces poverty and inequality; however, the country’s poverty and income inequality profile remain high. Foreign direct investment (FDI) and poverty research are important because FDI can have both positive and negative effects on poverty levels in host countries [1]. The positives imply that FDI can bring in capital, technology, and job opportunities, which can help reduce poverty by boosting economic growth and raising people's living standards. On the other hand, FDI can displace local businesses, exacerbate income inequality, and have environmental consequences that harm the poorest members of society. Understanding the relationship between FDI and poverty can assist policymakers and businesses in making informed decisions that promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth and reduce poverty. This study investigates the impact of FDI on poverty in Ghana using a 29-year data set from (1990 to 2018). Analysis was done using the Johansen Cointegration technique. The literature informed the variables used for this study. The Gini coefficient (which serves as a proxy for poverty and its parts of the FGT poverty indices family), foreign direct investment (FDI), GDP per Capita, exchange rate, trade openness, and inflation rate were all cointegrated. The results of the study showed that FDI, GDP per capita, inflation rate, and exchange rate widen the income inequality gap, hence, increasing the poverty incidence. In contrast, an increase in trade openness reduces the Gini coefficient implying a reduction in income inequality and poverty.
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Muntaka, Abdul Rahman Mohammed, Oluwaseun Adeoye Oyebamiji, and Abiola Adeniyi. "Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Poverty in Ghana: A Johansen Co-integration Analysis." In 7th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International guest Students Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2023.028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past years, Ghana has witnessed a significant increase in Foreign Direct Investment which is expected to translate into transformative growth that reduces poverty and inequality; however, the country’s poverty and income inequality profile remain high. Foreign direct investment (FDI) and poverty research are important because FDI can have both positive and negative effects on poverty levels in host countries [1]. The positives imply that FDI can bring in capital, technology, and job opportunities, which can help reduce poverty by boosting economic growth and raising people's living standards. On the other hand, FDI can displace local businesses, exacerbate income inequality, and have environmental consequences that harm the poorest members of society. Understanding the relationship between FDI and poverty can assist policymakers and businesses in making informed decisions that promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth and reduce poverty. This study investigates the impact of FDI on poverty in Ghana using a 29-year data set from (1990 to 2018). Analysis was done using the Johansen Cointegration technique. The literature informed the variables used for this study. The Gini coefficient (which serves as a proxy for poverty and its parts of the FGT poverty indices family), foreign direct investment (FDI), GDP per Capita, exchange rate, trade openness, and inflation rate were all cointegrated. The results of the study showed that FDI, GDP per capita, inflation rate, and exchange rate widen the income inequality gap, hence, increasing the poverty incidence. In contrast, an increase in trade openness reduces the Gini coefficient implying a reduction in income inequality and poverty.
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Bijoy, Kumar. "RELATIONSHIPS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES WITH MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES, ECONOMIC CRISIS, AND TRADE VOLUMES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY FROM INDIA." In 5th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.87.
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Dahi Falah Al-Hajri, Nasser. "Kuwaiti families' documents and their importance in documenting the history of Kuwait and the Arabian Gulf in the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century." In IV. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress4-2.
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The history of Kuwait and the Arab Gulf states in the early period of modern history depends on several official sources, the most prominent of which are: British and Ottoman documents and official correspondence between the rulers of the region and foreign powers. However, these documents express the viewpoint of their writers and the orientations of their countries. A dilemma represented in the absence of mechanisms for preserving documents, and this led to a gap in the documentation of the history of the Gulf, especially the economic, social and cultural history. To fill this gap, the cultural institutions in Kuwait began collecting and organizing Kuwaiti families' documents, most notably: the maritime calendars, which are notebooks and books in which Kuwaiti sailors used to record their notes and observations during the sailing ships’ voyages, and the accounts and correspondence books of commercial families, especially since the commercial families in Kuwait They had established trade centers in India and East Africa, and they corresponded with each other to learn about the movement of buying and selling, and the conditions in the Arab Gulf at all levels, and then this study will address the importance of these documents in documenting the history of Kuwait and the Arabian Gulf in the nineteenth century and the first half of Twentieth century. The study will be divided into three axes: The first axis will deal with the maritime calendars, their types and their usefulness, the most famous sailors’ notebooks, and the information they contain about the history of Kuwait and the Arabian Gulf. Correspondence and notebooks, and the third axis will present the role of Kuwaiti cultural institutions in preserving civil documents, the Kuwaiti Research and Studies Center as exemplar
Звіти організацій з теми "India’s Foreign Trade"
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Acharya, Viral, and Siddharth Vij. Foreign Currency Borrowing of Corporations as Carry Trades: Evidence from India. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28096.
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.
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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor