Готові списки джерел за темами / In vitro biological evaluation

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "In vitro biological evaluation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "In vitro biological evaluation":

Morais, Shabna Roupal, R. Ram Narayanan, K. P. Sushmitha, N. Suchithra, Shruti Shankar, and M. Sugumar. "In vitro Biological Evaluation of Acanthophora spicifera." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 13, no. 10 (2020): 4777. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2020.00840.9.

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Sheema, Sheema, Salman Zafar Salman Zafar, Nazif Ullah Nazif Ullah, Ishaq khan Ishaq khan, and and Ghias ud din and Ghias ud din. "Phytochemical and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Roots of Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 45, no. 6 (2023): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/001399/jcsp/45.06.2023.

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Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke is a medicinal plant, employed traditionally for the treatment of different human illnesses. This study has been planned to study the chemical and biological aspects of the roots of the plant, using chemical and instrumental analytical techniques. Standard reported protocols were used for phytochemical screening of the crude extract, indicating the presence of terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and alkaloids classes of compounds. The extract was analyzed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to confirm the presence of specific phytochemicals. The extract exhibited biological activities at good to moderate levels and was found to be non-toxic. Moderate inhibitory potential was observed against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. At a concentration of 1000 μg/ml the crude extract showed 67 % inhibition of the Leishmania tropica promastigotes. The extract also displayed moderate radical scavenging activity. Interestingly, it showed lower red blood cell hemolysis (28%) at the highest concentration. The biological potential of the crude extract may be credited to these metabolites, as most of them have been previously reported to have the same activities.

Yusuf, Abdullah, Jiang-Yu Zhao, Paruke Aibibula, Ju-Bao Zhang, Guo-Zheng Huang, and Haji Akber Aisa. "Synthesis and in vitro Biological Evaluation of Cananodine." HETEROCYCLES 102, no. 3 (2021): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-20-14394.

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Halik, Paweł K., Przemysław Koźmiński, Joanna Matalińska, Piotr F. J. Lipiński, Aleksandra Misicka, and Ewa Gniazdowska. "In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Aprepitant Based 177Lu-Radioconjugates." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030607.

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Currently, the search for promising NK1R-positive tumor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals based on the structure of small molecular antagonists of neurokinin-1 receptor can be observed. Following this trend, we continued our evaluation of aprepitant-based 177Lu-radioconjugates in terms of future oncological applications. For this purpose, three novel aprepitant homologues were synthesized to broaden the previously obtained derivative portfolio, functionalized with the DOTA chelator and labeled with 68Ga and 177Lu. The newly evaluated radioconjugates showed the intended significant increase in lipophilicity compared to the previous ones, while maintaining stability in the human serum. Then, in a receptor binding study to the human NK1 receptor, we compared the two series of 177Lu-radioconjugates of aprepitant with each other and with the reference Substance P derivative currently used in glioblastoma therapy, clearly indicating the high affinity and better binding capacity of the novel radioconjugates. The in vitro experimental results included in the presented study, supported by labeling optimization, radioconjugate characterization and docking modeling of new aprepitant-derived radioagents, confirm our assumptions about the usefulness of aprepitant as a NK1R targeting vector and point out the perspectives for the forthcoming first in vivo trials.

Yi, Jiling, Zheng Zhao, Shipu Li, Yixia Yin, and Xinyu Wang. "In vitro biological evaluation of graphene on neuronal cells." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 31, no. 4 (July 30, 2016): 925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-016-1469-6.

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Rafaat, Mahmood Sherzad, Arzu Karatepe, Serhat Keser, Şule İnci, and Semih Dalkılıc. "In vitro Biological Evaluation of 1,2,4-triazole Mannich Base." BioMed Target Journal 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59786/bmtj.123.

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Biological evaluation of a 1,2,4-triazole mannich base that has been synthesized for interesting behavior in medicinal chemistry, so it’s interesting to synthesize triazole derivatives and investigate their biological properties to evaluate their capacity in medicine. The aim of this study evaluate the antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities of a 1,2,4-triazole Mannich base derivative and its power in the treatment of diseases. For antimicrobial activity four bacterial strains and one fungal strain based on the agar disc diffusion. While used two cancer cell lines for anticancer activity which are known as Hep-G2 and MCF-7; the antioxidant activity of the compound used three different radical species include OH•, ABTS•+, and DPPH•, and also determine the antioxidant activity of the compound after extracting vitamins A, C, E, and MDA in the S. cerevisiae yeast cell by HPLC. The results of this study show the positive role of a derivative 1,2,4-triazole mannich base as antimicrobial and antiradical assays, particularly when treated with C. albicans and OH• radical that significantly reduced growth of the fungal and the radical compared to others. In addition, it didn’t exhibit any cytotoxicity to reduce both cancer cell lines. In conclusion, the compound's ability is different from one assay to another, increasing its concentration efficiency affects the radical scavenging, and inhibits microorganism growth.

Ourhzif, El-Mahdi, Caroline Decombat, Isabelle Abrunhosa-Thomas, Laetitia Delort, Mostafa Khouili, Mohamed Akssira, Florence Caldefie-Chezet, Pierre Chalard, and Yves Troin. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Naphthoquinones Derivatives." Current Organic Synthesis 17, no. 3 (June 9, 2020): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179417666200212111956.

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: New substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones have been prepared in good overall yields through the naphthol route. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was tested in vitro on MCF-7 breast tumor cells. The most active compound 14 displayed an IC50 of 15μM. Objective: To investigate the cytotoxicity of new naphthoquinones derivatives on MCF-7 cells. Methods: Synthesis of new naphtoquinones derivatives and in vitro evaluation of their cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells (rezasurin cell-based assay). Results: Starting from Ethyl 4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-2-naphthoate, four naphthoquinones were prepared and exhibited substantial cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Preliminary studies of the structure-activity relationship have shown the influence of the structural parameters and, in particular, the nature of the naphthoquinone side chain.

Abdul-Rida, Nabeel A., and Kawther M. Talib. "NEW CHALCONE DERIVATIVES AS ANTICANCER AND ANTIOXIDANT AGENTS: SYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION." Chemical Problems 22, no. 2 (2024): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2024-2-177-186.

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In this approach, a series of new chalcone derivatives bearing baclofen drug were synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation and evaluated in vitro as anticancer and antioxidant agents. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. All products were screened in vitro against both cell lines HdFn and MCF-7. The cytotoxicity assay results revealed that derivatives 5a and 5d exhibited good inhibition for cell lines MCF-7 with IC50 values 32.5 and 37.6 µM, respectively while 5a and 5c exhibited acceptable inhibition for HdFn with IC50 values 76.7 and 78.6 µM, respectively, compared to the Tamoxifen drug. Molecular docking study of the target compounds confirmed the results of the cytotoxicity test. In addition, results of the DPPH investigation revealed good antioxidant activity for derivatives 5a, 5c and 5d with inhibition percentages 86.62, 81.38, and 76.42%, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid.

Niesyto, Katarzyna, Wiktoria Łyżniak, Magdalena Skonieczna, and Dorota Neugebauer. "Biological In Vitro Evaluation of PIL Graft Conjugates: Cytotoxicity Characteristics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 7741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147741.

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In vitro cytotoxicity of polymer-carriers, which in the side chains contain the cholinum ionic liquid units with chloride (Cl) or pharmaceutical anions dedicated for antituberculosis therapy, i.e., p-aminosalicylate (PAS) and clavulanate (CLV), was investigated. The carriers and drug conjugates were examined, in the concentration range of 3.125–100 μg/mL, against human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) as an experimental model cancer cell line possibly coexisting in tuberculosis. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT test and confluency index, as well as by the cytometric analyses, including Annexin-V FITC apoptosis assay. The polymer systems showed supporting activity towards the normal cells and no tumor progress, especially at the highest concentration (100 μg/mL). The analysis of cell death did not show meaningful changes in the case of the BEAS-2B, whereas in the A549 cell line, the cytostatic activity was observed, especially for the drug-free carriers, causing death in up to 80% of cells. This can be regulated by the polymer structure, including the content of cationic units, side-chain length and density, as well as the type and content of pharmaceutical anions. The results of MTT tests, confluency, as well as cytometric analyses, distinguished the polymer systems with Cl/PAS/CLV containing 26% of grafting degree and 43% of ionic units or 46% of grafting degree and 18% of ionic units as the optimal systems.

Hashimoto, Akiko, Takeji Takamura‐Enya, and Yoshimitsu Oda. "Synthesis and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Psoralen‐Linked Fullerenes." Photochemistry and Photobiology 95, no. 6 (August 30, 2019): 1403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/php.13138.

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Дисертації з теми "In vitro biological evaluation":

Anissian, H. Lucas. "In vitro evaluation of hip prostheses /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/20010420anis/.

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Ørskov, Christensen Janne. "Evaluation of an in vitro lipid digestion model : testing poorly soluble drug substances and lipid-based formulations /." [Cph.] : Department of Pharmaceutics, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2004. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/jannechristensen.htm.

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Poggialini, Federica. "Investigation of in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics and biological evaluation of pharmacologically active compounds." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1202964.

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The first part of this thesis deals with the evaluation of in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics of novel broad-spectrum antiviral compounds active against enveloped viruses. The design and synthesis of new series of antiviral compounds with 1H-pyrrol-methylene thioxodihydropyrimidine structure, has been realized by Professor Maurizio Botta's research group, at the University of Siena. Compounds’ antiviral activity has been evaluated on several enveloped viruses, such as ZIKAV, DENV-2 and five influenza strains including the pandemic strain H7N9. The selectivity against enveloped viruses, time of addition and binding experiments confirmed their ability to intercalate in the viral envelope membrane, oxidize phospholipids and alter the fluidity of the lipid bilayer, compromising the efficacy of the virus-cell fusion step and preventing viral entry. With the aim of investigating the in vitro ADME properties, the most active compounds were selected to assay their chemical-physical properties and early select the most promising lead candidate. Thus, membrane permeability, binding to human serum albumin, and stability in human plasma and microsomes have been assayed. Finally, the lead candidate was selected to evaluate preliminary in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters; after formulation studies, the compound was administrated intravenously (iv) at the dose of 25 mg/kg and 12.5 mg/kg. The second chapter of this Ph.D. thesis concerns the investigation of the in vitro biological profile of nitric oxide-donor largazole prodrugs. Two hybrid analogues of largazole, as dual HDAC inhibitor and nitric oxide (NO) donors potentially useful as anticancer agents, have been designed and synthesized thanks to the collaboration between Professor Maurizio Botta’s research group and IRBM. Largazole is a natural product identified as the most potent and selective Class-I deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, that showed a broad-spectrum growth-inhibitory activity against epithelial and fibroblastic tumor cell lines and a low cytotoxicity profile. Over the last decades, dual nitric oxide (NO) donors/HDAC inhibitors have been developed as novel anticancer chemical entities, potentially more efficacious than selective HDAC inhibitors, owing to the capability of NO to specifically modulate the function of some HDAC isoforms and to overcome tumor cell resistance to conventional treatments. Thus, after the synthesis, the characterization of derivatives compounds and the in vitro NO release assay performed by Professor Maria Frosini using the Griess method, biological evaluation of their antiproliferative activities against U-2OS, Caco-2, and IMR-32 cell lines have been conducted. To further explain the additive antiproliferative effect of NO-donor compounds vs largazole, their stabilities both in human plasma and in cell culture medium were assessed. The third and last chapter of this Ph.D. thesis deals with the project I participated in during my exchange period at the research group of Professor Per Artursson, who hosted me for 5 months, at Uppsala University. In collaboration with AstraZeneca, a series of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) conjugates, targeting MALAT1 chosen as a model target, were used to assess and validate their silencing efficiency and enhance/overcome endosomal escape. The MALAT1 silencing efficiencies of lipophilic ASO-conjugates and a peptide-ASO have been determined in the presence and absence of a cyclic cell permeation peptide (CPP) in two human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell lines of which one overexpressing the target G-protein coupled receptor selected for the study. For this purpose, the expression levels of the MALAT1 gene mRNA were measured using qPCR in a time (0-24-48 hrs) and concentration (0.5-2.5-5 µM of ASOs and 5-10-15 µM of CPP)-dependent manner.

Machado, Michel Mansur. "Perfil fitoquímico e avaliação dos principais efeitos biológicos e imunológicos In Vitro da Euphorbia tirucalli L." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5893.

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Today we can easily find the most diverse kind of information about a particular medicinal plant, but without scientific basis, making their use a potential risk to health. Overall, the findings on the safety and efficacy are based on precarious evaluations and popular use. There is a need for qualified professionals to access, critical analyze and assign such information in a way that it could be easily understood, not only by health professionals, but also by the users of these products. One example of these plants used in popular medicine, but without scientific evidence, is Euphorbia tirucalli L., popularly known as Dog-Stick, Pencil tree, or more commonly as Aveloz. This plant has been used for the treatment of many diseases, such as microbial diseases, immunossupression problems, and even in the cancer treatment. However, some works reveal precisely the opposite, namely that the latex of Euphorbia tirucalli can cause immunosuppression, and often is associated to the appearance of Burkitt's Lymphoma, a type of cancer. Lupeol was isolated and identificated from hexane fraction by GC-MS for the first time for the plant, among other 3 hydrocarbons, 7 long chain fat acids, 2 steroids, and 3 compounds of the vegetal metabolism. A preliminary phytochemistry screening allowed to the visualization of the principal groups in the plant. Polyphenols and condensed tannins contents were determined in the crude extract and fractions. Ethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions showed the greatest antioxidant activity in the DPPH test. Antimicrobial activity was observed mainly against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cereviseae, as well as for the opportunist algae Prototheca zopfii. A preliminary study of toxicity using Artemia saline and acute oral toxicity in mice, indicate the plant as low toxicity. The latex of the E. tirucalli, even in small doses (1%) can cause in vitro inhibition over the human Acetylcholinesterase enzyme. A prominent in vitro inhibitory activity over human platelets aggregation was also observed. The effects of the extract of the plant over the blood cells in a culture medium using ex-vivo blood samples of male Wistar rats were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the extract caused thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and lymphopenia.
Atualmente podemos encontrar facilmente as mais diversas informações sobre uma determinada planta medicinal, mas que carecem de fundamento científico, tornando assim seu uso um potencial risco a saúde. Em geral, as conclusões sobre segurança e eficácia são baseadas em avaliações precárias do uso popular. Portanto, há necessidade de que profissionais qualificados possam, além de acessar tais informações, analisá-las criticamente para disponibilizá-las de forma que sejam facilmente compreendidas, não só por profissionais da saúde, mas também pelos usuários destes produtos. Um exemplo destas plantas utilizadas na medicina popular, mas sem comprovação científica, é a Euphorbia tirucalli L., conhecida popularmente como Graveto-do-cão, Árvore Lápis, ou mais comumente como Aveloz. Esta planta tem sido utilizada para o tratamento de inúmeras enfermidades, como afecções microbianas, problemas de imunossupressão, cicatrização de berrugas e até mesmo no tratamento do câncer. Entretanto, alguns trabalhos revelam justamente o contrário, ou seja, que o látex da Euphorbia tirucalli pode causar imunossupressão, e freqüentemente encontra-se associado ao aparecimento do Linfoma de Burkitt, que é um tipo de câncer. Foram isolados e identificados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas, 03 hidrocarbonetos, 07 ácidos graxos de cadeia longa, 02 esteróides, 03 compostos do metabolismo vegetal e 01 triterpeno, não relatado até o momento, o qual foi isolado da fração hexânica e identificado como sendo o lupeol. Foi realizada uma análise fitoquímica preliminar, o que permitiu a visualização dos grupos de compostos presentes na planta. A quantidade de polifenóis e taninos condensados foi determinada na planta e suas frações. Realizou-se o teste de atividade antioxidante e com ele verificamos uma excelente atividade das frações éter etílico e acetato de etila. Analisou-se a atividade antimicrobiana da planta e obtivemos resultados excelentes para os fungos Candida albicans, Candida glabrata e Saccharomyces cereviseae, bem como para a alga oportunista Prototheca zopfii. Realizou-se um estudo de toxicidade sobre a Artemia salina e estudo de toxicidade oral aguda. Os resultados apontam a espécie como sendo não tóxica. O látex da E. tirucalli, mesmo em doses pequenas (1%) pode causar inibição (in vitro) a enzima Acetilcolinesterase Humana. Uma acentuada atividade inibitória sobre a agregação plaquetária foi observada. O extrato da planta sobre cultura de células sanguíneas de ratos Wistar (exvivo) causou diminuição do número de leucocitos, linfócito e plaquetas.

Bwalya, A. G. "Evaluation of the in vitro biological activities and phytochemical profiling of eight Ficus species collected in Zambia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1457111/.

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Infectious diseases are responsible for an overwhelming number of deaths and morbidity worldwide. In tropical regions of the world, in particular, developing countries like Zambia, poor health is prevalent and diseases such as malaria, meningitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and gastrointestinal infections strongly persist. Folkloric medicines are still actively used against some of these infections as primary care before seeking conventional treatment at hospitals. Members of the genus Ficus (Moraceae) are traditionally used in Zambia against many diseases caused by bacterial, fungal and protozoal infections. Thus according to the plant parts used traditionally for herbal preparations, aerial and root parts of eight Ficus species namely; F. ingens, F. lutea, F. natalensis, F. ovata, F. sansibarica subsp. macrosperma, F. sycomorus subsp. gnaphalocarpa, F. sycomorus subsp. sycomorus and F. wakefieldii were collected from different parts of Zambia. The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the medicinal potential of members of the genus Ficus. This was achieved by three objectives, which involved the phytochemical profiling of the crude extracts and subextracts of the Ficus for their constituents using chromatographic methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Secondly, the extracts were screened for various biological activities after which they were evaluated against recombinant FAS-II elongation enzymes, FabG, FabI and FabZ as potential targets in liver stage malaria parasites. In this case, finely ground dried plant material was extracted with methanol (MeOH) to yield the crude methanol extracts (CR-MeOH) which, were further partitioned to provide a coarse separation of the crude extracts according to polarity. The three subextracts obtained included n-hexane, chloroform (CHCl3) and aqueous methanol (aq-MeOH). The obtained extracts and subextracts were screened for biological activities such as: antifungal and antibacterial activities using the broth dilution and agar disc diffusion assays, antitubercular activity using the MTT assay, antischistosomal activity using the microscopic in vitro assay. In addition, antiprotozoal activitites which included antileshmanial activity using an assay against amastigotes of L. donovani strain MHOM/ET/67/L82, trypanocidal activity against T. cruzi and T. brucei rhodesiense STIB 900 strain, and antiplasmodial activity by modified [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation assay, using the chloroquine/pyrimethamine resistant K1 strain were performed. Cytotoxity activity was also performed using rat skeletal myoblasts L6-cells. The chemical profiling was done by TLC, NMR and RP-HPLC. Meanwhile the chemical compound isolation for F. sansibarica was attempted by different chromatographic techniques and characterization by spectroscopic methods. The phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of closely related polyphenolic compounds to which some of the biological activities were attributed to. For instance, the antibacterial and the FAS-II enzyme inhibition activities were mostly retained in the aq-MeOH subextracts, which were composed of very polar metabolites including flavonoids. Antiplasmodial activity was observed mostly in the less polar metabolites which were retained in the hexane and CHCl3 subextracts of the stem barks. This pattern was similar with antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities, though with lesser sensitivity. The same subextracts including those of the root barks showed the most activity against M. tuberculosis with MIC values of 256 and 128 μg/ml, and against Schistosoma, for both larval and adult worms. The extracts did not exert any antifungal activity by the agar disc diffusion method we used. Detailed phytochemical investigation of the leaves of F. sansibarica was performed, and led to the isolation of two compounds; epicatechin and apigenin-6-C-glucoside from the chloroform and aq. MeOH subextracts respectively. The predominant constituent of the CR-MeOH extract of F. sansibarica was identified as having a molecular weight of 432 g/mol by LC-MS analysis which could be set as an identification chemical marker for F. sansibarica. The results highlight the potential that Ficus species could have as a valuable source for potent compounds which can be identified as scaffolds for the development of novel liver stage antimalarial drugs. Our results support previous research on the antimicrobial activity of Ficus species and they also provide an in vitro scientific basis supporting the use of Ficus species in traditional herbal preparations against some bacterial and parasitic infections.

PRENCIPE, Filippo. "Synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro and in vivo of novel potent anticancer agents affecting tubulin polymerization." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487939.

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L’attività di ricerca svolta durante i tre anni di dottorato ha avuto come obiettivo la progettazione, la sintesi e l’ottimizzazione di nuovi potenziali agenti antitumorali dotati di attività antiproliferativa e antivascolare che hanno come target biologico i microtubuli, strutture dinamiche cellulari generate dalla polimerizzazione di eterodimeri di α,β tubulina. Il sistema di microtubuli è essenziale per la divisione cellulare, essendo coinvolto nella formazione del fuso mitotico, ed è importante per diversi processi cellulari quali la regolazione della motilità, segnalazione cellulare, secrezione e trasporto intracellulare. Tra le molecole di derivazione naturale, il cis-stilbene Combretastatina A-4 (CA-4), legando la tubulina a livello del sito di legame della colchicina, ne inibisce la polimerizzazione mostrando una potente attività antiproliferativa contro diverse linee cellulari tumorali. L’attività di ricerca relativa al primo anno di dottorato ha riguardato la sintesi di una nuova serie di composti a struttura 1-(3',4',5' trimetossibenzoil)-3-arilamino-5-amino-1,2,4-triazolica per i quali si è andati a valutare l’attività antiproliferativa in vitro, l’interazione con la tubulina e gli effetti prodotti sul ciclo cellulare. Per il derivato più attivo della serie, 1-(3,4,5-trimetossibenzoil)-3-(p-toluidino)-5-ammino-1,2,4-triazolo 3c è stata valutata l’attività antitumorale in vivo. I migliori risultati in termini di inibizione della proliferazione di linnee cellulari tumorali sono stati ottenuti con i derivati p-Me, m,p-diMe and p-Et fenil 3c, 3e e 3f, rispettivamente, i quali sono risultati essere equipotenti rispetto al composto di riferimento Combretastatina A-4 (CA-4). Proseguendo nel nostro lavoro di ricerca, nel corso del secondo anno di dottorato, una nuova serie di composti caratterizzati dalla presenza di un gruppo 2-metossi/etossicarbonile sono stati valutati per l’attività antiproliferativa su linee cellulari tumorali e per i composti più attivi della serie si è andati a valutare l’inibizione della polimerizzazione della tubulina, gli effetti sul ciclo cellulare e l’attività antitumorale in vivo. I migliori risultati in termini di attività antiproliferativa si sono ottenuti introducendo il sostituente metossilico in posizione C-6. Il composto più attivo della serie è risultato essere il derivato 2-metossicarbonil-3-(3’,4’,5’-trimetossianilino)-6-metossi-benzo[b]furano 3g, il quale ha prodotto una inibizione della proliferazione di linee cellulari tumorali a concentrazioni nanomolari (IC50’s, 0.3-27 nM), lega la tubulina a livello del sito di legame della colchicina, induce l’apoptosi e ha mostrato, sia in vitro che in vivo, una potente attività antivascolare su cellule endoteliali vascolari. Infine durante il terzo anno di dottorato è stata messa a punto la sintesi di una nuova serie di inibitori della polimerizzazione della tubulina a struttura 1- (3’,4’,5- trimetossiifenil) -2-aril-1H-imidazolica e progettati come cis-analoghi della combretastatina A-4, con l’obiettivo di valutare l’effetto sull’attività biologica prodotto dall’introduzione di diversi gruppi sostituenti a livello dell’anello fenilico in posizione C-2 dell’eterociclo imidazolico. L’introduzione di un atomo di cloro e di un gruppo etossilico nelle posizioni meta- e para-, rispettivamente, ha prodotto il composto più attivo della serie 1-(3’,4’ ,5’ -trimetossifenil)-2-(3’-Cl, 4’-OEt fenil)-1H-imidazolo 4o, con un valori di IC50 di 0.4-3.8 nM su un pannello di sette linee cellulari tumorali. Esperimenti condotti su un modello di topo singenico hanno dimostrato una potente attività antitumorale del composto 4o, il quale ha prodotto una significativa riduzione della massa tumorale a dosi trenta volte più basse rispetto a quelle richieste per la CA-4P usato come composto di riferimento.
During these three years of PhD our research work has been focused on the design, synthesis and optimization of novel potential anticancer agents with antivascular and antiproliferative activities which target microtubules, dynamic tubular proteins that are assembled from α tubulin/β tubulin (αβ-tubulin) heterodimers. The microtubule system is essential in a variety of fundamental cellular processes, including mitosis, formation and maintenance of cell shape, regulation of motility, cell signaling, secretion and intracellular transport. Among natural occurring compounds, Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), a cis-stilbene isolated from the bark of the South African bush willow tree Combretum caffrum , is one of the most potent inhibitors of colchicine binding presently known. CA-4 has been shown to possess a powerful cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell line, including multi-drug resistant cells. During the first year of PhD, a new class of compounds that incorporated the structural motif of the 1-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxtbenzoyl)-3-arylamino-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole molecular skeleton was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity, interactions with tubulin and cell cycle effects. The most active agent,( 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-3-(p-toluyl)-5-ammino-1,2,4-triazole, 3c), was evaluated for antitumor activity in vivo. The best results for inhibition of cancer cell growth were obtained with the p-Me, m,p-diMe and p-Et phenyl derivatives 3c, 3e and 3f, respectively, and, overall, these compounds were more or less as active as CA-4. Their vascular disrupting activity was evaluated in HUVEC cells, with compound 3c showing activity comparable with that of CA-4. Compound 3c almost eliminated the growth of syngeneic hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c mice, suggesting that 3c could be a new antimitotic agent with clinical potential. During the second year a new series of compounds characterized by the presence of a 2-methoxy/ethoxycarbonyl group were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against cancer cells in culture, and, for selected, highly active compounds, inhibition of tubulin polymerization, cell cycle effects and in vivo potency. The greatest antiproliferative activity occurred with a methoxy group introduced at the C-6 position, the least with this substituent at C-4. Thus far, the most promising compound in this series was 2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxyanilino)-6-methoxybenzo[b]furan (3g), which inhibited cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations (IC50’s, 0.3-27 nM), induced apoptosis and showed, both in vitro and in vivo, potent vascular disrupting properties derived from the effect of this compound on vascular endothelial cells. Compound 3g had in vivo antitumor activity in a murine model comparable to the activity obtained with combretastatin A-4 phosphate. The research work of the third year of PhD has been focused on the synthesis of a novel series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors, based on the 1-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-aryl-1H-imidazole scaffold, with the goal of evaluating the effects of various patterns of substitution on the phenyl at the 2-position of the imidazole ring on biological activity. A chloro and ethoxy group at the meta- and para-positions, respectively, produced the most active compound in the series (1-(3’,4’ ,5’ -trimethoxyfenyl)-2-(3’-Cl, 4’-Ethoxyfenyl)-1H-imidazole ,4o), with IC50 values of 0.4-3.8 nM against a panel of seven cancer cell lines. Except in HL-60 cells, 4o had greater antiproliferative than CA-4, indicating that the 3’-chloro-4’-ethoxyphenyl moiety was a good surrogate for the CA-4 B-ring. Experiments carried out in a mouse syngenic model demonstrated high antitumor activity of 4o, which significantly reduced the tumor mass at a dose thirty times lower than that required for CA-4P, which was used as a reference compound.

Galgano, Camillo. "Evaluation des propriétés biologiques et de scellement de 4 matériaux endodontiques = [In vitro evaluation of the biological and sealing properties of four endodontic sealers] /." Genève : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2005/GalganoC/these.pdf.

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Hollywood, Jane Constance. "Biological control of late blight of potatoes : in vivo and in vitro evaluation of microbial antagonists against tuber blight." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446592/.

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The cost of losses and control measures attributed to late blight of potatoes caused by Phytophthora infestans, are estimated to exceed $5 billion annually. Breeding for resistance is difficult owing to the tetraploid genotype of potato and current strains of the pathogen have developed resistance to chemical control. Consequently the search for biological control has assumed greater importance. In this investigation an in vivo bioassay was used to select soils antagonistic to late blight of potatoes, caused by Phytophthora infestans. Four out of eight samples demonstrated reproducible antagonism as determined by a reduction in the volume of tuber tissue rotted. A total of 292 bacterial and yeast samples and 20 fungal samples were recovered from suppressive soils using a variety of non-selective and selective media. When these organisms were tested individually against P. infestans in the assay, 15 isolates suppressed tuber rotting by >85% in at least three out of four assays. The antagonists were characterised as Pseudomonas spp. (3 strains), Enterobacter spp. (4 strains), Bacillus spp. (1 strain), Pantoea spp. (2 strains), Citrobacter spp. (1 strain), Buttiauxella spp. (1 strain), Trichosporon spp. (2 strains) and Geotrichum spp. (1 strain) by routine bacteriological tests, fatty acid profiling and partial sequencing of the gene encoding 16S or 18S (where appropriate) ribosomal RNA. Subsequently the possible mechanisms by which the potential biocontrol agents inhibited the disease were examined. Nine isolates showed some evidence of antibiotic production with a Pantoea spp. producing a compound that caused the hyphae of P. infestans to kink and permanently cease growth. Three isolates colonised hyphae of the pathogen and eleven produced siderophores in liquid culture. Hydrogen cyanide, proteolytic, cellulolytic and beta-1,3-glucanase activity was also evident in some species. Significant promotion of axenically grown tomato seedlings, as determined by increased stem and main root elongation, was achieved by ten of the isolates. Three population levels of the isolates were retested for disease inhibition at the end of the investigation. Isolates 3, 7 and 14 exhibited the highest levels of consistent inhibition at the lowest population levels and were therefore tested in combination. This achieved disease suppression that, at an antagonist concentration of 25 cfu/nL, was more consistent than isolate 3 alone and was over 30% greater than either isolate 7 or 14.

Blanco, Carcache Peter Josephin. "Chemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Glycosmis ovoidea." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1580383951030389.

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Lolato, A. "FROM BENCH TO CHAIRSIDE: EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PLATELET CONCENTRATES THROUGH AN IN-VITRO STUDY AND A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/474332.

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Autologous platelet concentrates are widely used in a variety of medical application with the aim of enhancing the regeneration of hard and soft tissue. The rationale of this clinical use lies in their enriched content of growth factors and other key molecules involved in promoting tissue healing. This thesis is composed of two different studies having as a common objective the evaluation of the biological properties of a platelet concentrate, Pure-Platelet Rich Plasma. The first part of the thesis was a pre-clinical in vitro study focused on evaluating the stimulating activity of P-PRP on human osteoblasts (hObs) and human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs). hObs and hDFs were grown in a serum-free medium supplemented by P-PRP obtained from three different donors. hObs and hDFs proliferation was assessed by cell counting and vitality through MTT assays up to 12 days of incubation. hObs osteo-differentiation was tested after 7- and 14- days of incubation by alkaline phosphatase assay. Results showed that cells maintained in the presence of P-PRP display an increased proliferation rate at 12 days of culture, compared to the standard condition. The increased vitality of hObs, induced by P-PRP, noticed after 12 days of culture, was comparable of that of control. In contrast, an increased vitality of hDFs, in comparison to the control, was observed at 12 days of culture. The addition of P-PRP did not further stimulate the enzyme activity either at day 7 and 14. The second part of the thesis was a randomized clinical trial that focused on clinical and radiographic evaluation of the adjunct of P-PRP in the management of edentulous posterior maxillae with a reduced height needing an implant rehabilitation. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of two different approaches were compared up to 3 years after loading: fixed prosthesis supported by 5 to 8.5 mm-long implants which were humidified with P-PRP versus fixed prosthesis supported by 10-mm or longer implants bioactivated with P-PRP and placed following maxillary sinus augmentation with deproteinized bovine bone mixed with P-PRP. Results showed that both procedures were safe and successful, with comparable outcomes. The use of P-PRP did not shift the balance toward one technique over the other one, but it may have contributed to make these procedures similar in term of clinical and radiographic outcomes. Since similar outcomes were reported for both approaches, the most cost-effective treatment appears the appropriate and should be advocated. Therefore, when there is an alternative for restoring the lost dentition, avoidance of a demanding surgical procedure like maxillary sinus augmentation should be considered and recommended. In conclusion, results coming from the in vitro study and the randomized clinical trial may support the clinical use of P-PRP. It may be beneficial in those situations requiring a successful bone and soft tissue regeneration at the site of surgery.

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Книги з теми "In vitro biological evaluation":

C, Sahu Saura, ed. Hepatotoxicity: From genomics to in vitro and in vivo models. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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C, Sahu Saura, ed. Hepatotoxicity: From genomics to in vitro and in vivo models. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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Tyson, Charles A. In Vitro Biological Systems. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1993.

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A, Tyson Charles, and Frazier John M, eds. In vitro biological systems. San Diego CA: Academic Press, 1993.

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M, Frazier John, ed. In vitro toxicity testing: Applications to safety evaluation. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992.

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International Symposium on In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Antifungal Agents (1985 Tokyo). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antifungal agents. Edited by Iwata Kunio and Bossche H. van den. Oxford: Elsevier, 1986.

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Ryan, Mandy. Economic evaluation of in-vitro fertilisation: Examining the benefits. Aberdeen: Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, 1992.

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1952-, Young David, Devane John G, and Butler Jackie, eds. In vitro-in vivo correlations. New York: Plenum Press, 1997.

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1937-, Cross John, and Singer Edward J. 1926-, eds. Cationic surfactants: Analytical and biological evaluation. New York: M. Dekker, 1994.

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1937-, Webber Mukta M., and Sekely Lea I, eds. In vitro models for cancer research. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "In vitro biological evaluation":

Kocan, Richard M., and Marsha L. Landolt. "Use of Herring Embryos for In Situ and In Vitro Monitoring of Marine Pollution." In In Situ Evaluation of Biological Hazards of Environmental Pollutants, 49–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5808-4_5.

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Faria, J. T., F. N. Ambrosio, R. A. Lombello, and C. B. Lombello. "Biological Evaluation of in vitro Cytotoxicity of Extracts of Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne (Lythraceae)." In IFMBE Proceedings, 381–87. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49401-7_38.

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Perpetuini, David, Giacomo Pagano, Daniela Cardone, Francesca Postiglione, Felice Lorusso, Antonio Scarano, and Arcangelo Merla. "Thermographic Evaluation of Dental Implants Insertion with Different Diameters: In Vitro Comparison Between Regular and Narrow Implants." In 8th European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference, 1121–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64610-3_126.

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Seynhaeve, Ann L. B., and Timo L. M. ten Hagen. "An In Vivo Model to Study Cell Migration in XYZ-T Dimension Followed by Whole-Mount Re-evaluation." In Cell Migration in Three Dimensions, 325–41. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_19.

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AbstractCell migration is a very dynamic process involving several chemical as well as biological interactions with other cells and the environment. Several models exist to study cell migration ranging from simple 2D in vitro cultures to more demanding 3D multicellular assays, to complex evaluation in animals. High-resolution 4D (XYZ, spatial + T, time dimension) intravital imaging using transgenic animals with a fluorescent label in cells of interest is a powerful tool to study cell migration in the correct environment. Here we describe an advanced dorsal skinfold chamber model to study endothelial cell and pericyte migration and association.

Kamalaldin, Nurulain ‘Atikah, Mariatti Jaafar, Saiful Irwan Zubairi, and Badrul Hisham Yahaya. "Physico-Mechanical Properties of HA/TCP Pellets and Their Three-Dimensional Biological Evaluation In Vitro." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2017_130.

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Prasad, Babu R., Enda O’Connell, Terry J. Smith, Valérie A. Gérard, Yurii K. Gun’ko, and Yury Rochev. "Evaluating the Potential of Quantum Dots for In Vitro Biological Studies: Effects on Gene Expression Using Microarray Analysis." In Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine, 171–83. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-953-2_12.

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Chen, T. C., Z. Lu, and M. F. Holick. "Evaluation of the Effect of Sun-Tanning Bed Radiation on the Synthesis of Previtamin D3 and the Degradation of Vitamin D3 in an on Vitro Model." In Biologic Effects of Light, edited by Michael F. Holick and Albert M. Kligman, 57–61. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110856156-009.

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Patterson, Wayne R. "In Vitro Diagnostics." In Clinical Evaluation of Medical Devices, 165–89. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2756-2_9.

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Van Driesche, Roy G., and Thomas S. Bellows. "Natural Enemy Monitoring and Evaluation." In Biological Control, 259–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1157-7_13.

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Nguyen, Khanh-Ha, and Michael M. Alper. "Pre IVF Evaluation of the Infertile Woman." In In Vitro Fertilization, 1–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9848-4_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "In vitro biological evaluation":

Schmidt, C., K. Winterling, CC Heinz, M. König, V. Braun, S. Kistner, and M. Germer. "4CPS-100 Quality of intratect: in vitro evaluation of biological activities." In 24th EAHP Congress, 27th–29th March 2019, Barcelona, Spain. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-eahpconf.249.

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"Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of Capsicum annuum hydroalcoholic extract in vitro condition." In International Conference on Medicine, Public Health and Biological Sciences. CASRP Publishing Company, Ltd. Uk, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/mphbs.2016.220.

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Catalano, Enrico. "In vitro biological validation and cytocompatibility evaluation of hydrogel iron-oxide nanoparticles." In NANOINNOVATION 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4997140.

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Wang, Mei, Piwu Li, Xin Zhang, Yan Yang, Jing Shi, Yu Xu, Lihua Jiang, Jiangtao Wang, and Haitao Lin. "Evaluation and study on probiotics effect of lactobacillus strains in vitro." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING (FSBE 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000195.

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Silva-Júnior, Edeildo, Gabriel Passos, Matheus Gomes, Thiago Aquino, Stephannie Souza, João Cavalcante, Elane Santos, Ênio Bassi, and João Araújo-Júnior. "Design, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of acrylamide derivatives against Chikungunya virus." In 5th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2019-06379.

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Lee, Selene A., James R. Pinney, Elvira Khialeeva, Marvin Bergsneider, and Jack W. Judy. "Functional evaluation of magnetic microactuators for removing biological accumulation: An in vitro study." In 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4649311.

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Elcin, Huseyn. "FUNCTION AND SAFETY EVALUATION OF 3D TECHNOLOGY TO PREPARE BONE REPAIR BIOMATERIALS." In International Trends in Science and Technology. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/28022021/7433.

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PLGA/HA composite biomaterials are prepared, and 3D printing technology is used to make bone scaffolds that can be implanted in the body. Its performance is tested by in vitro physical and biological methods, and its safety is evaluated by animal experiments. Methods: 3D printing technology was used to print the PLGA/HA composite three-dimensional stent biomaterial, and the tensile strength and bending strength of the stent material were tested with reference to GB/T1040 and GB/T9341 to verify its ability to support the proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. The biological evaluation standard (GB/T16886) evaluates the biocompatibility and biosafety of scaffoldmaterials in vitro and in vivo. Results: The porous 3D scaffold made of PLGA/HA composite material was successfully fabricated; the mechanical tensile strength and flexuralstrength of the composite material were 38 MPa and 42 MPa respectively, which were5.35 times and 5.25 times that of normal human cartilage; in vitro cell test It is proved that the 3D scaffold can support the proliferation and differentiation of hMSC into chondrocytes. The results of the biosafety test show that the scaffold meets the national medical device biological evaluation standards.

"Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity in Vitro of Polyphenols from Toona Sinensis Seeds Using RSM Optimized Conditions." In 2017 International Conference on Materials Science and Biological Engineering. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icmsbe.2017.01.

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Najjari, Sina, Peter Culmer, and Ali Alazmani. "Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of a Biomimetic Soft Peristaltic Pump for Biomedical Applications." In The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics: "MedTech Reimagined". The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2022.73.

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Peristaltic pumping can be observed in biological organs which contain hollow tubular cavities, including intestines, esophagus, and ureter [1, 2]. These act as positive displacement pumps where pumping is induced through sequential and periodic expansion and contraction in the tubular cavity [3]. Biomimetic peristaltic pumps are a subset of these pumps that mimic existing biological peristaltic systems closely in respect of size and transport parameters including generated pressure and flow rate. The potential to use soft materials and structures, and provide continuous actuation makes these pumps an appropriate substitute for their biological counterparts in in-vitro experiments. Experiments have been conducted to study the peristaltic rheology of the organs that demonstrate peristaltic actuation [1]. Despite recent advances in soft robotics, current biomimetic peristaltic pumps fail to replicate the pumping performance and self-actuation of biological pumps. Notably, their physical characteristics show limited structural flexibility [1, 4]. This research aims to design and develop a soft peristaltic pneumatic pump for use in biomedical applications, using a biomimetic approach. The contributions of this research include 1) utilizing fully soft materials in pump fabrication, 2) designing multiple identical units which enable the pump to have variable actuation sequences to achieve both forward and backward fluid transport, and 3) a new concept for an adaptable and flexible soft peristaltic pump for use in biological applications which can be tuned to mimic human organ performance (e.g. the ureter, fallopian tube, or esophagus) in an in-vitro environment.

Wang, Shuang, Zhenzhen Xu, Xiaofei Wang, and Hongna Gao. "Evaluation of cytotoxicity of dental restorative nanometer hydroxyapatite composite resin in vitro by dentin barrier method." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING (FBSE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094276.

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Звіти організацій з теми "In vitro biological evaluation":

FRIEDMANN, THOMAS A., JOHN P. SULLIVAN, DAVID A. LAVAN, DANIEL KOHANE, and JOHN P. SULLIVAN. Amorphous Diamond In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809621.

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Reaves, Jimmy L., and Ralph H. Crawford. In vitro colony interactions among species of Trichoderma with inference toward biological control. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-474.

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Spiers, Donald, Arieh Gertler, Harold Johnson, and James Spain. An In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation of the Diverse Biological Activities of Bovine Placental Lactogen. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568087.bard.

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In order to understand the structure-function relationship of bovine placental lactogen (bPL) and initiate production of material for in vivo testing, 28 different bPL analogues were prepared by either truncation or site-directed mutagenesis. The effect of these mutations was determined by measuring binding capacity, ability to homodimerize extracellular domains (ECDs) of several lactogenic and somatogenic receptors, and by in vitro bioassays. Two analogues were prepared in large amounts for in vivo studies. These studies (a) identified the residues responsible for the somatogenic activity of bPL (K73, G133, T188) and for both lactogenic and somatogenic activity (N-terminus, K185, Y190); (b) allowed preparation of bPL analogues with selectively abolished or reduced somatogenic activity; and (c) provided a tool to understand the kinetic difference between lactogenic and somatogenic receptors. In vivo studies using rodent and dairy models showed that bovine growth hormone (bGH) is superior to bPL in stimulating growth and lactation. Likewise, bGH has greater somatogenic activity in different age groups and thermal environments. Initial studies of bPL analog T188 suggest that its lactogenic potential is superior to bGH. Effective experimental models have now been developed and tested for analysis of new bPL analogs.

Fu, R. K., and G. Mazzella. Evaluation of biological conversion of coal-derived synthesis gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6350011.

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Hawkins, Brian T., and Sonia Grego. A Better, Faster Road From Biological Data to Human Health: A Systems Biology Approach for Engineered Cell Cultures. RTI Press, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.rb.0015.1706.

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Traditionally, the interactions of drugs and toxicants with human tissue have been investigated in a reductionist way—for example, by focusing on specific molecular targets and using single-cell-type cultures before testing compounds in whole organisms. More recently, “systems biology” approaches attempt to enhance the predictive value of in vitro biological data by adopting a comprehensive description of biological systems and using computational tools that are sophisticated enough to handle the complexity of these systems. However, the utility of computational models resulting from these efforts completely relies on the quality of the data used to construct them. Here, we propose that recent advances in the development of bioengineered, three-dimensional, multicellular constructs provide in vitro data of sufficient complexity and physiological relevance to be used in predictive systems biology models of human responses. Such predictive models are essential to maximally leveraging these emerging bioengineering technologies to improve both therapeutic development and toxicity risk assessment. This brief outlines the opportunities presented by emerging technologies and approaches for the acceleration of drug development and toxicity testing, as well as the challenges lying ahead for the field.

Lalain, Teri A., Mark D. Brickhouse, Jerry W. Pfarr, Stanley C. Gater, James P. Hendershot, and Brent A. Mantooth. Biological-Warfare Agent Decontamination Efficacy Testing: Large-Scale Chamber mVHP (Trademark) Decontamination System Evaluation for Biological Contamination. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada472382.

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Kerem, Zohar, Yael Vodovotz, David Bonfil, Steven J. Schwartz, and Mark Failla. Do Saponins Present in Model Systems and Legume Bread Modulate Cholesterol Absorption in vitro and in vivo? United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592656.bard.

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No abstract. The overall general goal of the research project was to provide evidence for the beneficial biological activity of saponins from edible legumes, and to incorporate them into bread hat will become a functional food. Its functionality is in its ability to attenuate the absorption of dietary lipids and cholesterol.

DuBose, D. A., D. M. Rufolo, and D. H. Morehouse. Evaluation of an In Vitro of Human Immune Activation Induced by Freeze-Thaw Tissue Damage. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399591.

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Dougherty, G., D. Hadley, P. O'Connor, and J. Bottiger. Engineered Aerosol Production for Laboratory Scale Chemical / Biological Test and Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/908081.

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Lindow, Steven E., Shulamit Manulis, Dan Zutra, and Dan Gaash. Evaluation of Strategies and Implementation of Biological Control of Fire Blight. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568106.bard.

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The main objective of this study was to develop data that would facilitate a consistently effective method of biological control of fire blight disease to be developed and to enable its implementation for disease control by ensuring its compatibility with variations in the biological, environmental, and chemical conditions present in pear orchards. As considerable information on the pathogen and biological control of fire blight was already gathered from studies in California and elsewhere, an emphasis was placed on investigating the genetics and ecology of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in Israel. Studies of plasmid profile, virulence on several host, serological characteristics, as well as DNA fingerprints with selected primers all revealed E. amylovora strains in Israel to be homogeneous. Strains did vary in their resistance to streptomycin, with those from more northern locations being resistant while those in the southern costal plain were all sensitive to streptomycin. Resistance appeared to be conferred by chromosomal mutations as in streptomycin-resistant strains in California. The biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 colonized flowers of both the Costia and Spodona pear cultivars in Israel as well as Bartlett pear in California. Flowers that were open at the time of spray inoculation of trees subsequently harbored from 105 to 107 cells of strain A506 per flower, while those that opened subsequent to spraying developed population sizes of about 105 cells/flower within 5 days. The incidence of fire blight infections were reduced about 3-fold in several trials in which moderate amounts of disease occurred in the plot areas; this degree of biological control is similar to that observed in California and elsewhere. On two occasions warm and moist weather that favored disease led to epidemics in which nearly all flowers became infected and which was so severe that neither P. fluorescens strain A506 nor chemical bactericides reduced disease incidence. A novel method for identifying antagonistic microorganisms for biological control of fire blight and other diseases was developed. A bacterial ice nucleation gene was introduced into E. amylovora to confer an Ice+ phenotype and the population sizes of this modified pathogen on flowers that had been pre-treated with potential control agents was estimated by measuring the freezing temperature of colonized flowers. Antagonistic strains that prevented the growth of E. amylovora in flowers were readily detected as those in which flowers froze at a low temperature. The method is both rapid and unbiased and several bacterial strains with substantial biological control potential have been identified using this method.