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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Image solide"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Image solide"

Shao, Lan, Liren Liu, and Guoqiang Li. "Solid state cellular two-layer fuzzy logic image processor." Journal of Optics 28, no. 4 (August 1997): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0150-536x/28/4/001.

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Peguret, Muriel. "Le sentiment d’autoefficacité et les stratégies d’apprentissage chez les étudiants de français langue seconde venant d’immersion." Articles hors thème 40, no. 3 (March 13, 2015): 579–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1029075ar.

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Анотація:

Cette étude quantitative corrélationnelle explore la relation entre le sentiment d’autoefficacité des étudiants venant d’immersion, par rapport à l’apprentissage ou l’utilisation du français langue seconde en première année de français à l’université, et leur emploi de stratégies d’apprentissage. Nous avons découvert que le sentiment d’autoefficacité de nos participants est élevé. Les stratégies d’apprentissage sont employées assez fréquemment, mais ce sont les stratégies de compensation qui sont favorisées. Alors que le sentiment d’autoefficacité est lié à l’emploi de stratégies dans une majorité de contextes et de domaines d’expertise, il ne l’est généralement pas chez nos participants. Une explication possible pour ce résultat est que la pédagogie immersive véhicule une image incomplète des tâches d’apprentissage et d’utilisation de la langue qui a tendance à décourager l’emploi de stratégies d’apprentissage. Nous appelons à plus de recherches dans ce domaine, avec la visée générale d’aider les apprenants à développer un sentiment d’autoefficacité en français, qui serait à la fois optimiste et solide.

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Pelletier, Benoît. "Préface. Enracinement et identités." Francophonies d'Amérique, no. 26 (September 15, 2009): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037972ar.

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Résumé Le thème de l’enracinement est particulièrement évocateur. Il fait allusion aux traces laissées par le passage du temps, à une prise solide sur le réel, à une présence profonde, soutenue et durable, à la longévité, à la fermeté et à la dignité. C’est le contraire de la superficialité, de la vacuité. Cette image convient parfaitement à la francophonie canadienne. Cette dernière n’est-elle pas fermement ancrée, fixée dans l’espace canadien ? Ne fait-elle pas partie depuis longtemps du paysage qui compose le Canada ? N’est-elle pas irriguée par l’histoire ? N’a-t-elle pas surgi d’un sol parfois aride pour se dresser d’un seul corps, croître et s’étendre comme l’arbre qui, de sa seule présence, semble défier son entourage ? Dans sa préface, l’auteur se sert de l’enracinement pour illustrer la constance et la ténacité qui caractérisent la présence française au Canada et dans le reste des Amériques. Renvoyant au passage aux nombreux défis que la mondialisation pose à la langue française et à l’identité francophone sur ce continent, il tisse un lien entre le passé et le présent et termine sur une note limpide, source de sa confiance en un avenir… en français !

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Wei, Jiaotong, Yan Han, and Ping Chen. "Narrow-Energy-Width CT Based on Multivoltage X-Ray Image Decomposition." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8126019.

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Анотація:

A polychromatic X-ray beam causes the grey of the reconstructed image to depend on its position within a solid and the material being imaged. This factor makes quantitative measurements via computed tomography (CT) imaging very difficult. To obtain a narrow-energy-width reconstructed image, we propose a model to decompose multivoltage X-ray images into many narrow-energy-width X-ray images by utilizing the low frequency characteristics of X-ray scattering. It needs no change of hardware in the typical CT system. Solving the decomposition model, narrow-energy-width projections are obtained and it is used to reconstruct the image. A cylinder composed of aluminum and silicon is used in a verification experiment. Some of the reconstructed images could be regarded as real narrow-energy-width reconstructed images, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Jahari, Ahmad Fadhil, Siti Rohaida Mohd Shafian, Hazlina Husin, Norzafirah Razali, and Sonny Irawan. "Quantification method of suspended solids in micromodel using image analysis." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 5 (April 12, 2021): 2271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01153-x.

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AbstractMicromodel can provide valuable information to improve understanding of pore-scale transport phenomenon and can also be utilized to simulate the transport process at pore scale. This research aims to propose settlement option for quantification of suspended solids in micromodel. The micromodel is used to mimic the formation damage which occurs in reservoir formation that could simultaneously affect enhanced oil recovery. This is done by utilizing visual image interpretation through image analysis on micromodel chip. Following the quantification of suspended solids, the micromodel was injected with brine that eventually forms agglomeration. Images are taken from NIS-Element AR microscope automatically in RGB color profile and then made into grayscale and finally into binary modes. Since the micromodel is simulated in 2D form structure, the quantification method complemented with image analysis is focusing on the quantified area, µm2 region of interest categorized into 3 main groups of area B05, M45 and T50, respectively. This research will explore on segmentation and thresholding processes of the visual data acquired from micromodel experiment. An image-based computational algorithm is programmed in MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox and ImageJ; hence, suspended solids in porous media could be quantified from the visual image executed in micromodel.

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You, Yun-Wen, Hsun-Yun Chang, Hua-Yang Liao, Wei-Lun Kao, Guo-Ji Yen, Chi-Jen Chang, Meng-Hung Tsai, and Jing-Jong Shyue. "Electron Tomography of HEK293T Cells Using Scanning Electron Microscope–Based Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 5 (October 2012): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612001158.

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AbstractBased on a scanning electron microscope operated at 30 kV with a homemade specimen holder and a multiangle solid-state detector behind the sample, low-kV scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is presented with subsequent electron tomography for three-dimensional (3D) volume structure. Because of the low acceleration voltage, the stronger electron-atom scattering leads to a stronger contrast in the resulting image than standard TEM, especially for light elements. Furthermore, the low-kV STEM yields less radiation damage to the specimen, hence the structure can be preserved. In this work, two-dimensional STEM images of a 1-μm-thick cell section with projection angles between ±50° were collected, and the 3D volume structure was reconstructed using the simultaneous iterative reconstructive technique algorithm with the TomoJ plugin for ImageJ, which are both public domain software. Furthermore, the cross-sectional structure was obtained with the Volume Viewer plugin in ImageJ. Although the tilting angle is constrained and limits the resulting structural resolution, slicing the reconstructed volume generated the depth profile of the thick specimen with sufficient resolution to examine cellular uptake of Au nanoparticles, and the final position of these nanoparticles inside the cell was imaged.

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Sandford, James, Woodrow Barfield, and James Foley. "Empirical Studies of Interactive Computer Graphics: Perceptual and Cognitive Issues." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 5 (September 1987): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100508.

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Анотація:

Two experiments were performed to test the effects of varying computer graphics realism cues (wireframe vs. solid figures, flat vs. smooth shading for solid figures, and one or two light sources for solid figures) on the performance of a standard cognitive task (mental rotation) and on the subjective perceived realism of the computer-generated images. In the mental rotation experiment, mean reaction times were slower for wireframe than for smooth and flat shaded images and significant effects for figure complexity and angle of rotation were shown. In the second experiment, subjective ratings of image realism indicated that wireframe images were viewed as less realistic than solid model images and that number of light sources was more important in conveying image realism to users than was the type of shading.

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Do, A., A. M. Angulo, S. R. Nagel, G. N. Hall, D. K. Bradley, W. W. Hsing, L. A. Pickworth, N. Izumi, H. F. Robey, and Y. Zhou. "High spatial resolution and contrast radiography of hydrodynamic instabilities at the National Ignition Facility." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 8 (August 2022): 080703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087214.

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Анотація:

We are developing techniques for studying the Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) and Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instabilities in a planar geometry at high-energy-densities at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In particular, through the improvement of experimental imaging quality, we are progressing toward the study of the turbulent regime of the mixing regions in capsule implosion experiments for inertial confinement fusion, which requires few micrometers resolution. Using 60 NIF beams, a solid shock tube is driven launching a shock wave that crosses the interface between a dense and a light material pre-machined in the target to obtain sinusoidal ripples, which results in RM and RT instabilities that are imaged using the NIF Crystal Backlighter Imager. High-quality images were obtained with a mean resolution of 7 μm and improved contrast. While the obtained resolution does not allow the observation of the smallest scale of the “turbulent” energy spectrum, the generated image encompasses 63% of the total flow energy, a 50% improvement over previous studies, which is observed for the first time a roll-up feature in a high energy density-type RT experiment.

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Pham, Nam, Jong-Weon Lee, Goo-Rak Kwon, and Chun-Su Park. "Hybrid Image-Retrieval Method for Image-Splicing Validation." Symmetry 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11010083.

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Recently, the task of validating the authenticity of images and the localization of tampered regions has been actively studied. In this paper, we go one step further by providing solid evidence for image manipulation. If a certain image is proved to be the spliced image, we try to retrieve the original authentic images that were used to generate the spliced image. Especially for the image retrieval of spliced images, we propose a hybrid image-retrieval method exploiting Zernike moment and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) features. Due to the symmetry and antisymmetry properties of the Zernike moment, the scaling invariant property of SIFT and their common rotation invariant property, the proposed hybrid image-retrieval method is efficient in matching regions with different manipulation operations. Our simulation shows that the proposed method significantly increases the retrieval accuracy of the spliced images.

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Kim, H. G., W. Yoon, S. Rhee, and T. Kim. "AUTOMATIC METHOD FOR GENERATING 3D BUILDING MODELS WITH TEXTURE FROM UAV IMAGES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2022 (May 30, 2022): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2022-375-2022.

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Анотація:

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically generating 3D building models from UAV image based point cloud data and for mapping building texture from UAV images. The proposed method generates dense point clouds from UAV images and isolates points from building areas through a statistical analysis. It then generates solid models as 3D building models by point cloud analysis per building area. Texture for 3D building solid models are created by mapping model face to UAV images. In order to verify the proposed method, various UAV image sets and point clouds were tested. As results, the possibility of generating cluster-type solid building models based on UAV images was confirmed. It is expected that this method can contribute to the active usage of UAV images in 3D spatial information generation. In the future, we plan to conduct research on improving the accuracy of curved building shapes and texturing accuracy.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Image solide"

Marchand, Olivier. "Etude du procédé de projection plasma de suspensions pour l'élaboration de piles à combustible à oxyde solide." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597338.

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Анотація:

Augmenter la durée de vie des piles à combustible de type SOFC en abaissant leur température de fonctionnement tout en maintenant un prix de fabrication raisonnable est un des enjeux du secteur énergétique. Ces travaux de recherche entrent dans ce cadre par l'utilisation de la projection plasma de suspensions pour fabriquer des couches céramiques ou cermets finement structurées sur support métallique poreux. Dans cet objectif, la compréhension du procédé s'est avérée être une étape indispensable. A cette fin l'utilisation de la Vélocimétrie par Image de Particules spécialement adaptée aux contraintes de la projection plasma a permis une meilleure caractérisation des jets injectés mais aussi une compréhension plus poussée des phénomènes régissant le traitement des particules. Fort de ces informations, les couches composant le cœur de pile ont été élaborées : l'anode et l'électrolyte, constituée respectivement d'un cermet nickel-zircone yttriée et de zircone yttriée et enfin la cathode composée d'un conducteur mixte La2NiO4.

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Nugue, Matthieu. "Outils pour l'étude conjointe par simulation et traitement d'images expérimentales de la combustion de particules d'aluminium utilisées dans les propergols solides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS229/document.

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Анотація:

L’ajout de particules d’aluminium dans le chargement des moteurs à propergol solide améliore les performances propulsives, mais peut aussi entraîner différents phénomènes néfastes, dont des oscillations de pression. Des travaux de recherche sont réalisés depuis de nombreuses années afin d’améliorer la compréhension de ces phénomènes, notamment par l’utilisation de la simulation numérique. Cependant les données d’entrée de la simulation numérique, en particulier la taille et la vitesse initiale des particules d’aluminium dans l’écoulement, sont souvent difficiles à obtenir pour des propulseurs réels. L’ONERA développe depuis plusieurs années un montage d’ombroscopie permettant de visualiser les particules d’aluminium proches de la surface de petits échantillons en combustion. La présente étude porte sur le développement d’outils pour analyser les images expérimentales du montage d’ombroscopie et améliorer l’interaction avec la simulation numérique diphasique. Une première partie concerne des échantillons de propergol contenant des particules inertes, dont l’intérêt est de permettre de valider les méthodes de mesure sur des images relativement simple et avec des données de référence. Les outils mis en œuvre portent sur la détection et le suivi des particules dans des séquences d’image, ainsi que sur la localisation de la surface du propergol. Une bonne correspondance des distributions de taille a été obtenu avec les distributions de référence. La mise en vitesse des particules quittant la surface a été confrontée à un modèle simplifié de transport de particules dans un écoulement constant. L'utilisation de ce modèle a permis de souligner l'importance de la population de pistes détectées pour bien exploiter un profil de vitesse moyen, en particulier en termes de diamètre moyen. Une simulation numérique diphasique a ensuite été réalisée pour l’expérience d’ombroscopie. Différents paramètres ont été étudiées (type et taille de maillage, paramètres thermodynamiques...) afin d'obtenir un champ stationnaire simulé pour les gaz du propergol. Le mouvement des particules inertes simulées a pu être comparé aux profils expérimentaux pour différentes stratégies d'injection, soit en utilisant un diamètre moyen, soit à partir d’une distribution lognormale. L’autre partie de l'étude est consacrée à l’analyse des images expérimentales de la combustion de particules d’aluminium. La complexité des images dans ces conditions a conduit à utiliser une approche de segmentation sémantique par apprentissage profond, visant à classer tous les pixels de l'image en différentes classes, en particulier goutte d'aluminium et flamme d'aluminium. L’apprentissage a été mené avec une base restreinte d’images annotées en utilisant le réseau U-Net, diverses adaptations pour le traitement des images d’ombroscopie ont été étudiées. Les résultats sont comparés à une technique de référence basée sur une détection d’objets MSER. Ils montrent un net gain à l’utilisation de techniques neuronales pour la ségrégation des gouttes d'aluminium de la flamme. Cette première démonstration de l'utilisation de réseau de neurones convolutifs sur des images d'ombroscopie propergol est très prometteuse. Enfin nous traçons des perspectives côté analyse d’image expérimentales et simulation numériques pour améliorer l’utilisation conjointe de ces deux outils dans l’étude des propergols solides
The addition of aluminum particles in the solid propellant loading improves propulsive performance, but can also lead to various adverse phenomena, including pressure oscillations. Research has been carried out for many years to improve the understanding of these phenomena, particularly through the use of numerical simulation. However, the input data of the numerical simulation, especially the size and the initial velocity of the aluminum particles in the flow, are often difficult to obtain for real rocket motors. ONERA has been developing a shadowgraphy set-up for several years to visualize aluminum particles near the surface of propellant samples in combustion. The present study deals with the development of tools to analyze the experimental images of the shadowgraphy set-up and to improve the interaction with the two-phase digital simulation. A first part concerns propellant samples containing inert particles, which interest is to make it possible to validate the measurement methods on relatively simple images and with reference data. The implemented tools concern the detection and the tracking of particles in image sequences, as well as the location of the surface of the propellant. Good correspondence of size distributions was obtained with reference distributions. The velocity of particles leaving the surface has been confronted with a simplified model of particle transport in a constant flow. The use of this model has made it possible to emphasize the importance of the population of detected tracks in order to make good use of an average velocity profile, particularly in terms of average diameter. A two-phase flow simulation was then carried out for the shadowgraphy experiment. Different parameters were studied (type and size of mesh, thermodynamic parameters ...) in order to obtain a simulated stationary field for propellant flow. The movement of the simulated inert particles could be compared to the experimental profiles for different injection strategies, either using a mean diameter or using a lognormal distribution. The other part of the study is devoted to the analysis of experimental images of the combustion of aluminum particles. The complexity of the images under these conditions has led to the use of a deep learning semantic segmentation approach, aiming to classify all the pixels of the image into different classes, in particular aluminum droplet and flame. The learning was conducted with a restricted base of annotated images using the U-Net neural network, with various adaptations on the processing of the experimental images were studied. The results are compared to a reference technique based on MSER object detection. They show a clear gain in the use of neural techniques for the segregation of aluminum drops of the flame. This first demonstration of the use of convolutional neuronal network on propellant shadowgraphy images is very promising. Finally, we draw perspectives on experimental image analysis and numerical simulation to improve the joint use of these two tools in the study of solid propellants

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Serrano-Soucarre, Jacqueline. "Integration sur reseau prediffuse d'un systeme d'extraction de contours." Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0041.

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Анотація:

Conception et verification d'un circuit d'extraction rapide des contours d'une image video sur un reseau prediffuse en technologie cmos 3 microns. Partant d'une maquette preexistante en circuits standards, l'ensemble des problemes lies a l'integration sont developpes: dissipation, rapidite, densite d'integration qui imposent des contraintes au niveau de l'architecture du circuit. L'utilisation des outils de conception est egalement decrite. I. Generalites sur les circuits specifiques, description du systeme initial, et cahier des charges. Ii. Solutions adoptees, en particulier en ce qui concerne la modification du schema logique afin de respecter le cahier des charges, tenant compte des contraintes imposees par la technologie et le type de matrice. Iii. Simulation et verification des prototypes realises en milieu industriel

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BOUDH-HIR, MOHAMED ESSALAH. "Contribution a l'etude theorique de la structure et de la thermodynamique d'un fluide polaire au voisinage d'une surface." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066040.

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Анотація:

Le profil position-orientation donne par les approximations type msa, lhnc. . . Est identique a celui des spheres dures. Il est montre que, meme dans ce cas, il existe des orientations privilegiees. Loin de la surface, seul le potentiel image classique subsiste. Au voisinage de celle-ci, le resultat est plus complique et ne peut etre prevu par la theorie classique. Il est montre aussi qu'un potentiel anisotrope faible ( equiv. A kt) suffit pour produire des effets observables sur le plan experimental. Deux approximations ont ete comparees: blip et l'inegalite de gibbs-bogolioubov. Enfin, etude des fonctions de correlation de paire: il est montre que, sur la surface et loin de celle-ci, ces fonctions sont decrites par les potentiels direct et image. Dans la region intermediaire, la solution est plus compliquee

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Assali, Pierre. "Modélisation géostructurale 3D de parois rocheuses en milieu ferroviaire : application aux ouvrages en terre." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD009.

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Анотація:

Ce travail de thèse vise une optimisation des méthodologies de modélisation géostructurale, permettant d'aboutir à une meilleure gestion des aléas rocheux affectant le système ferroviaire. La caractérisation géométrique des massifs rocheux est entreprise grâce à une classification des modèles en sous-ensembles correspondant aux principales familles de discontinuités. En parallèle de cette caractérisation automatisée, une seconde approche dite manuelle a été examinée. Cette approche combine données tridimensionnelles (nuages de points denses) et support photographique (images 2D). Les données sur les discontinuités planaires, traditionnellement acquises manuellement en certains points nécessairement accessibles du massif, résultent désormais de l'analyse des modèles couvrant l'ensemble de l'ouvrage. Ce projet a permis le développement d'un outil de modélisation améliorant la connaissance du patrimoine rocheux sans engager la sécurité du personnel, ni la capacité de la ligne ferroviaire
This project aims at an optimization of geostructural modeling methodolgies, leading to a better knowledge and a better management of the rock risk impacting the railway system. Acquired 3D models are exploited in order ton convert 3D point clouds into geostructural analysis. Hence, we have developed a semi-automatic process that allows 3D models to be combined with the results of field surveys in order to provide more precise analyses of rock faces, for example, by classifying rock discontinuities into subsets according to their orientation. A second approach is proposed, combining both 3D point clouds (from LiDAR or image matching) and 2D digital images. Combining these high-quality data with the proposed automatic and manual processing method greatly improves the geometrical analysis of rock faces, increases the reliability of structural interpretations, and enables reinforcement procedures to be optimized

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Hassen, Barkai Allatchi. "Caractérisation d’un écoulement diphasique dans un airlift sous dépression. Application pour l’extraction des matières solides en suspension." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI038.

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Анотація:

Les colonnes à bulles sont des contacteurs gaz-liquide très répandus en milieu industriel, notamment dans des applications de procédés chimiques, biologiques et minéralogiques. Dans la gamme de colonne à bulles disponible, l'airlift sous dépression est une innovation française présentant des caractéristiques très intéressantes pour le pompage hydraulique, le transfert de masse et la séparation des matières en suspension. Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du développement de cet airlift amélioré, très utilisé dans le milieu industriel. L'objectif de la thèse est la caractérisation hydrodynamique de la colonne airlift sous dépression et l'analyse de ses capacités à assurer la fonction de séparation solide-liquide pour des particules en suspension. Le travail est exclusivement expérimental et le dispositif expérimental est constitué d'une colonne à bulles verticale transparente en plexiglass soumise à une dépression en tête et connectée à un bassin de recirculation hydraulique. L'analyse hydrodynamique a été réalisée à l'aide de capteur de pression différentielle pour l'étude globale et à l'aide d'une double sonde optique pour une caractérisation locale. Les résultats obtenus ont permis d'étudier le régime d'écoulement pour les principaux paramètres : le taux de vide, la vitesse d'ascension et le diamètre des bulles. La Vélocimétrie par Images des Particules a été appliquée pour visualiser et analyser les structures d'écoulement dans le bassin de recirculation. Les capacités extractives de la colonne ont été étudiées en eau douce avec ajout de produits tensioactifs. La caséine soluble et le Methyl Iso Butyl Carbinol (MIBC) sont les deux tensioactifs qui ont donné les meilleurs résultats en termes de séparation solide-liquide des matières en suspension. Ce travail a contribué à la compréhension de l'hydrodynamique des airlift sous dépression et a permis de mettre en évidence les potentialités de cette colonne dans le processus de séparation solide-liquide. Le travail ouvre aussi la voie à la modélisation numérique de l'hydrodynamique de la colonne en s'appuyant sur les résultats expérimentaux
Bubble columns are gas-liquid contactors widely used in industry, especially in chemical, biological and mineralogical process applications. In the range of bubble columns available, the vacuum airlift is a French innovation with very interesting characteristics for hydraulic pumping, mass transfer and suspended matter separation. This thesis work is part of the development of this improved airlift, which is widely used in the industrial environment. The objective of the thesis is the hydrodynamic characterization of the airlift column under vacuum and analysis of its capacities to ensure the solid-liquid separation function. This work is exclusively experimental and the experimental setup is a vertical bubble column in plexiglass under vacuum and connected to a recirculation basin. The hydrodynamic analysis was carried out using a differential pressure sensor for the global study and using a double optical probe for local characterization. Results obtained made it possible to study flow regime. The main parameters obtained are the void fraction, superficial velocity and bubbles diameter. Particle Image Velocimetry is applied to visualize and analyze the flow structures in the recirculation basin. The extracting capacities of the column were studied in tap water with the addition of surfactants. Soluble casein and Methyl Iso Butyl Carbinol (MIBC) are the two surfactants that have given the best results in terms of solid-liquid separation of suspended matter. This work contributed to the understanding hydrodynamics for vacuum airlift column and helped to highlight the potential of this column in the solid-liquid separation process. This work also opens the way to numerical modelling of airlift column hydrodynamics from experimental results

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Calmes, Lonnie Kirkland. "Solid-state Raman image amplification." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288920.

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Amplification of low-light-level optical images is important for extending the range of lidar systems that image and detect objects in the atmosphere and underwater. The use of range-gating to produce images of particular range bins is also important in minimizing the image degradation due to light that is scattered backward from aerosols, smoke, or water along the imaging path. For practical lidar systems that must be operated within sight of unprotected observers, eye safety is of the utmost importance. This dissertation describes a new type of eye-safe, range-gated lidar sensing element based on Solid-state Raman Image Amplification (SSRIA) in a solid-state optical crystal. SSRIA can amplify low-level images in the eye-safe infrared at 1.556 μm with gains up to 106 with the addition of only quantum-limited noise. The high gains from SSRIA can compensate for low quantum efficiency detectors and can reduce the need for detector cooling. The range-gate of SSRIA is controlled by the pulsewidth of the pump laser and can be as short as 30-100 cm, using pump pulses of 2-6.7 nsec FWHM. A rate equation theoretical model is derived to help in the design of short pulsed Raman lasers. A theoretical model for the quantum noise properties of SSRIA is presented. SSRIA results in higher SNR images throughout a broad range of incident light levels, in contrast to the increasing noise factor with reduced gain in image intensified CCD's. A theoretical framework for the optical resolution of SSRIA is presented and it is shown that SSRIA can produce higher resolution than ICCD's. SSRIA is also superior in rejecting unwanted sunlight background, further increasing image SNR. Lastly, SSRIA can be combined with optical pre-filtering to perform optical image processing functions such as high-pass filtering and automatic target detection/recognition. The application of this technology to underwater imaging, called Marine Raman Image Amplification (MARIA) is also discussed. MARIA operates at a wavelength of 563 nm, which passes most efficiently through coastal ocean waters. The imaging resolution of MARIA in the marine environment can be superior to images produced by laser line scan or standard range-gated imaging systems.

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Rayner, Anton. "Laser cooling of solids /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16448.pdf.

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Ding, Li Ping. "Multicomponent adsorption in heterogeneous microporous solids /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16729.pdf.

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Li, Qin. "Simulations of dynamic behaviour of packed particulate systems : applications of discrete element methods /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16731.pdf.

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Книги з теми "Image solide"

Beskin, N. M. Images of geometric solids. Moscow: Mir Publishers, 1985.

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Beskin, N. M. Images of geometric solids. Moscow: MIR Pub., 1985.

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Baker, Ronald Gilbert. Solid images: A collection of memories. Largo, Md: Solid Image Photographic Service, 1994.

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EG & G Reticon. Image sensing and solid state camera products 1994/1995. Sunnyvale, Ca: EG & G Reticon, 1994.

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International Conference on Defect Recognition and Image Processing in Semiconductors (7th 1997 Templin, Germany). Defect recognition and image processing in semiconductors 1997: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Defect Recognition and Image Processing in Semiconductors (DRIP VII) held in Templin, Germany, 7-10 September 1997. Bristol: Institute of Physics Pub., 1998.

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Powers, John P. Automatic particle sizing from rocket motor holograms. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990.

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Hockgraver, Valerie Ruth. Implementation of ImageActionplus software for improved image analysis of solid propellant combustion holograms. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Attridge, Steve. The soldier in late Victorian society: Images and ambiguities. [s.l.]: typescript, 1993.

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Congo, Janet. Free to be God's woman: Building a solid foundation for a healthy self-image. Ventura, Calif., U.S.A: Regal Books, 1988.

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Mickūnaitė, Giedrė. Maniera Greca in Europe’s Catholic East. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982666.

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How and why does vernacular art become foreign? What does ‘Greek manner’ mean in regions far beyond the Mediterranean? What stories do images need? How do narratives shape pictures? The study addresses these questions in Byzantine paintings from the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, contextualized with evidence from Poland, Serbia, Russia, and Italy. The research follows developments in artistic practices and the reception of these images, as well as distinguishing between the Greek manner – based on visual qualities – and the style favoured by the devout, sustained by cults and altered through stories. Following the reception of Byzantine and pseudo-Byzantine art in Lithuania and Poland from the late fourteenth through the early eighteenth centuries, Maniera Greca in Europe’s Catholic East argues that tradition is repetitive order achieved through reduction and oblivion, and concludes that the sole persistent understanding of the Greek image has been stereotyped as the icon of the Mother of God.

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Частини книг з теми "Image solide"

Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia, and Daniel Thalmann. "Solid modeling." In Image Synthesis, 53–83. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68060-4_4.

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Barnsley, M. F., J. H. Elton, A. D. Sloan, and H. Strickland. "Fractal Image Encoding." In Unconventional Photoactive Solids, 1–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0727-3_1.

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Zhang, Kun, Shi Pan, Shi Fa Wu, and Ming Gao. "A New Method to Obtain Tip Shape from Images and Reconstruct the Corresponding Image." In Solid State Phenomena, 873–76. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-30-2.873.

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Sadovnikov, Albert, Petja Salmela, Lasse Lensu, Joni-Kristian Kamarainen, and Heikki Kälviäinen. "Mottling Assessment of Solid Printed Areas and Its Correlation to Perceived Uniformity." In Image Analysis, 409–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11499145_42.

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Gdoutos, Emmanuel E. "Digital Image Correlation (DIC)." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 251–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89466-5_12.

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Moreira, Daniel, William Theisen, Walter Scheirer, Aparna Bharati, Joel Brogan, and Anderson Rocha. "Image Provenance Analysis." In Multimedia Forensics, 389–432. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7621-5_15.

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AbstractThe literature of multimedia forensics is mainly dedicated to the analysis of single assets (such as sole image or video files), aiming at individually assessing their authenticity. Different from this, image provenance analysis is devoted to the joint examination of multiple assets, intending to ascertain their history of edits, by evaluating pairwise relationships. Each relationship, thus, expresses the probability of one asset giving rise to the other, through either global or local operations, such as data compression, resizing, color-space modifications, content blurring, and content splicing. The principled combination of these relationships unveils the provenance of the assets, also constituting an important forensic tool for authenticity verification. This chapter introduces the problem of provenance analysis, discussing its importance and delving into the state-of-the-art techniques to solve it.

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Adan, Miguel, and Antonio Adan. "Solids Characterization Using Modeling Wave Structures." In Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44871-6_1.

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Bornert, Michel, François Hild, Jean-José Orteu, and Stéphane Roux. "Digital Image Correlation." In Full-Field Measurements and Identification in Solid Mechanics, 157–90. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118578469.ch6.

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Cail, I. Milan, and Nicholas Chare. "Images of Solace." In On the Nude, 78–89. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003049968-8.

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Wernet, Mark P. "Digital Particle Image Velocimetry." In Optical Metrology for Fluids, Combustion and Solids, 69–104. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3777-6_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Image solide"

Harris, William M., George J. Nelson, John R. Izzo, Kyle N. Grew, Wilson K. S. Chiu, Yong S. Chu, Jaemock Yi, Joy Andrews, Yijin Liu, and Piero Pianetta. "Full Field Imaging of Nickel Oxidation States in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Materials by Xanes Nanotomography." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54947.

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A greater understanding of nickel reduction-oxidation cycling (redox) mechanisms at the microstructural level can enhance SOFC performance and reliability. Transmission x-ray microscopy (TXM) provides several techniques for exploring oxidation states within SOFC electrode microstructure. X-ray nanotomography and full field x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy are new TXM techniques that have been applied in tandem to study samples of varying nickel (Ni) and nickel oxide (NiO) compositions. The imaged samples are treated as mock SOFC anodes containing distinct Ni and NiO regions. XANES spectra for the individual materials provide a basis for the processing and analysis of these mixed samples. Images of composite samples obtained using x-ray nanotomography are treated using numerical image processing steps including: scaling, tomographic reconstruction, and image alignment and subtraction. The distinct nickel and nickel oxide phases have been uniquely identified using full field XANES nanotomography. Applications to SOFC anodes are discussed.

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Do, Gabsoo, Sadanori Sase, Yeonghwan Bae, Tatsurou Maeda, Shigeaki Ueno, and Tetsuya Araki. "Three-dimensional measurement of internal structure in frozen food materials by cryogenic microtome spectral imaging system." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7411.

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The objective of this work was to establish a three-dimensional measuring method for the size, morphology and distribution of internal structure such as ice crystals, bubbles and solids content within an ice cream sample by using a cryogenic microtome spectral imaging system (CMtSIS). The 3-D images of ice crystals, bubbles and milk solids were recognized by reconstructing the circles in 2-D images into 3-D spheres; and the Overrun by Volume (ORV) was obtained by incorporating the area of bubbles on integrated image and the volume of bubbles in the 3-D image. Keywords: Ice crystal, Bubble, Internal structure, Spectral imaging, Micro- to macro-scale, Freeze-Drying

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Wang, Y., and D. Durmus. "Variability in image quality assessment metrics with different image capturing devices." In Optical Devices and Materials for Solar Energy and Solid-state Lighting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pvled.2022.pvm3h.5.

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Occupants’ subjective evaluations of the visual environment can be estimated using image quality assessment metrics. Images captured by a webcam, iPhone, and HDR camera resulted in only small differences in image quality metrics.

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Sugawara, Yoshiki, Takahiro Tsukahara, and Yasuo Kawaguchi. "Multidimensional Measurements of Turbulent Boundary Layer Including Scattered Particles Using PIV Technique." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-32390.

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Although many experimental researches on solid-gas flows have been conducted, the involved stress balance problem has not been elucidated. To have a deep investigation of the stress balance in gas flow with entrained solid particles, this study conducts particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiment on a horizontal turbulent boundary layer. In the experiment, air and micro-scale glass beads are chosen as the gas phase and solid particles, respectively. The velocities of both air and solid particles are obtained simultaneously based on the acquired images and by image processing; each term of the stress balance equation is calculated and the influences of solid particles are analyzed. Based on the experiment results, the dominant term of the stress in the solid-gas flow as well as the influence of the solid particles on the stress distributions are identified.

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Yuan, Zehuan, Tong Lu, and Yirui Wu. "Deep-dense Conditional Random Fields for Object Co-segmentation." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/471.

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We address the problem of object co-segmentation in images. Object co-segmentation aims to segment common objects in images and has promising applications in AI agents. We solve it by proposing a co-occurrence map, which measures how likely an image region belongs to an object and also appears in other images. The co-occurrence map of an image is calculated by combining two parts: objectness scores of image regions and similarity evidences from object proposals across images. We introduce a deep-dense conditional random field framework to infer co-occurrence maps. Both similarity metric and objectness measure are learned end-to-end in a single deep network. We evaluate our method on two benchmarks and achieve competitive performance.

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Breitenstein, O., F. Altmann, T. Riediger, D. Karg, and V. Gottschalk. "Use of a Solid Immersion Lens for Thermal IR Imaging." In ISTFA 2006. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2006p0382.

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Abstract A hemispherical silicon solid immersion lens (SIL) was used to improve the spatial resolution of front-side thermal IR imaging in lock-in mode. The bottom of the SIL was coneshaped to reduce the footprint of the SIL to the size of the imaged region. Caused by the lock-in operation mode, the detection limit improves by 2-3 orders of magnitude, and scattered light does not limit the image contrast. By using this SIL in combination with an IR camera working in the 3-5 μm wavelength range, a spatial resolution of 1.4 μm was obtained for thermal IR imaging. An automatic SIL positioning facility was constructed to place the SIL exactly in the center of the imaged region and to easily remove it after the detailed investigation.

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Zhou, Yiqiang, and L. L. Hoberock. "Flaw Detection Using Image Registration and Fusion Techniques." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49703.

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The inspection of polished metal contoured surfaces, such as silverware pieces, is much more difficult than for a flat surface, considering the complex curved surface, reflections, and shadows. It is hard to detect flaws when they overlap with shadows and specular reflections, which is typically the case. In this paper, this problem is solved using image registration and image fusion techniques. A continuous-inspection system is developed to take two images sequentially under different lighting conditions when the object is passing under the camera. Shadows and reflections shift, while the flaws do not. From the differences of these two images, flaws can be distinguished from shadows and reflections, and the lost information due to specular reflections can be made up. Fused images without specular reflections were obtained, and a new feature based image registration algorithm is developed to compare these two fused images to detect the surface flaws.

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Murugappan, Sundar, Vinayak, Karthik Ramani, and Maria C. Yang. "APIX: Analysis From Pixellated Inputs in Early Design Using a Pen-Based Interface." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48680.

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Product development is seeing a paradigm shift in the form of a simulation-driven approach. Recently, companies and designers have started to realize that simulation has the biggest impact when used as a concept verification tool in early stages of design. Early stage simulation tools like ANSYS™ Design Space and SIMULIA™ DesignSight Structure help to overcome the limitations in traditional product development processes where analyses are carried out by a separate group and not the designers. Most of these commercial tools still require well defined solid models as input and do not support freehand sketches, an integral part of the early design stage of product development. To this extent, we present APIX (acronym for Analysis from Pixellated Inputs), a tool for quick analysis of two dimensional mechanical sketches and parts from their static images using a pen-based interface. The input to the system can be offline (paper) sketches and diagrams, which include scanned legacy drawings and freehand sketches. In addition, images of two-dimensional projections of three dimensional mechanical parts can also be input. We have developed an approach to extract a set of boundary contours to represent a pixellated image using known image processing algorithms. The idea is to convert the input images to online sketches and use existing stroke-based recognition techniques for further processing. The converted sketch can now be edited, segmented, recognized, merged, solved for geometric constraints, beautified and used as input for finite element analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in the early design process with examples.

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Wang, Hua, Francisco Felis, Severine Tomas, Fabien Anselmet, and Muriel Amielh. "An improved image processing method for particle characterization by shadowgraphy." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4614.

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Shadowgraphy is one of the most popular imaging techniques to characterize moving particles by their size,geometry as well as velocity, due to its simplicity. However, it requires advanced image processing to handle various image defects such as non-uniform illumination, overlapped particles, etc., which are normally only solved for individual applications. This study proposes a robust image processing method for particle shadowgraphy, aiming to process imperfect particle shadow images. The proposed method first detects qualified particles from particle shadow images, and then processes detected particles individually. Therefore different defects from different particles can be handled separately and locally. An overlapped particles detection and separation algorithm is also implemented to improve the accuracy of size and geometry characterization.The proposed method is first proved by synthetic generated particle shadow images, followed by a proof test with shadow images from a transparent dot pattern target. Finally this method is successfully applied to a shadowimage acquired from a water spray and proved to be able to handle various issues of shadowgraphy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4614

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Itano, Keiko, Koji Ochiai, Koichi Takahashi, Takahide Matsushima, and Hiroshi Asahara. "An Automated Image Analysis and Cell Identification System Using Machine Learning Methods." In 2020 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2020-9630.

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Abstract In many biological laboratories, biologists analyze images and identify cell or organ states manually. There are some problems: lack of human resource and high experimental costs, among others. Identification results vary according to the person. To solve these problems, the process automation of biologists’ operations and quantitative identification are needed. Here, a cell-foci-phenotype identification system is developed by applying image processing and machine learning methods to fluorescent cell images. With this system, cell-foci-phenotype with high accuracy can be predicted and biologists’ efforts in doing image analysis can be reduced.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Image solide"

Kenes, Bulent. Per Jimmie Åkesson: A Smiling Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing? European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/lp0002.

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Jimmie Åkesson and his party, the Sweden Democrats (SD), are not yet authentically democratic. They are still “the same old iron gang as usual” despite concerted efforts to change their image. Of course, Åkesson has steered the SD away from the Nazi movement onto a more parliamentary path. But its essence – alarmist resistance to immigrants and Islamophobia – has remained the same, and there is still no solid indication that Åkesson has matured or moderated over the years.

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Varastehpour, Soheil, Hamid Sharifzadeh, and Iman Ardekani. A Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning Algorithms. Unitec ePress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.092.

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Deep learning algorithms are a subset of machine learning algorithms that aim to explore several levels of the distributed representations from the input data. Recently, many deep learning algorithms have been proposed to solve traditional artificial intelligence problems. In this review paper, some of the up-to-date algorithms of this topic in the field of computer vision and image processing are reviewed. Following this, a brief overview of several different deep learning methods and their recent developments are discussed.

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Patwa, B., P. L. St-Charles, G. Bellefleur, and B. Rousseau. Predictive models for first arrivals on seismic reflection data, Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329758.

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First arrivals are the primary waves picked and analyzed by seismologists to infer properties of the subsurface. Here we try to solve a problem in a small subsection of the seismic processing workflow: first break picking of seismic reflection data. We formulate this problem as an image segmentation task. Data is preprocessed, cleaned from outliers and extrapolated to make the training of deep learning models feasible. We use Fully Convolutional Networks (specifically UNets) to train initial models and explore their performance with losses, layer depths, and the number of classes. We propose to use residual connections to improve each UNet block and residual paths to solve the semantic gap between UNet encoder and decoder which improves the performance of the model. Adding spatial information as an extra channel helped increase the RMSE performance of the first break predictions. Other techniques like data augmentation, multitask loss, and normalization methods, were further explored to evaluate model improvement.

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Habib, Ayman, Darcy M. Bullock, Yi-Chun Lin, and Raja Manish. Road Ditch Line Mapping with Mobile LiDAR. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317354.

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Maintenance of roadside ditches is important to avoid localized flooding and premature failure of pavements. Scheduling effective preventative maintenance requires mapping of the ditch profile to identify areas requiring excavation of long-term sediment accumulation. High-resolution, high-quality point clouds collected by mobile LiDAR mapping systems (MLMS) provide an opportunity for effective monitoring of roadside ditches and performing hydrological analyses. This study evaluated the applicability of mobile LiDAR for mapping roadside ditches for slope and drainage analyses. The performance of alternative MLMS units was performed. These MLMS included an unmanned ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a portable backpack system along with its vehicle-mounted version, a medium-grade wheel-based system, and a high-grade wheel-based system. Point cloud from all the MLMS units were in agreement in the vertical direction within the ±3 cm range for solid surfaces, such as paved roads, and ±7 cm range for surfaces with vegetation. The portable backpack system that could be carried by a surveyor or mounted on a vehicle and was the most flexible MLMS. The report concludes that due to flexibility and cost effectiveness of the portable backpack system, it is the preferred platform for mapping roadside ditches, followed by the medium-grade wheel-based system. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulders, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data, and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulder, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively.

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Comparison of mechanical behavior between longitudinal lap-welded joints and transverse fillet welded joints of high strength steel. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.302.

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Анотація:

Mechanical behavior of twenty-eight longitudinal lap-welded joints made of high strength steels (HSS) under tension load was investigated by experimental study. Weaknesses due to traditional deformation measurements for fillet welded joints can be perfectly solved by digital image correlation techniques (DIC). The effect of parameters (e.g. weld size, weld length and mismatch ratio) on mechanical properties (e.g. ultimate strength, failure modes, weld ductility and fracture angle) of longitudinal fillet welds and transverse fillet welds, which was introduced in detail in previous work by the authors, were compared. Generally, because of the difference on the combination of shear force and tension force, the fracture angle of longitudinal welded specimens (around 50) were much more divergent from transverse welded specimens (around 20) even though both of them failed at welded zone (welded zone only refers to weld metal in this paper), resulting that the mean strength of longitudinal welded specimens were only 0.58 time of transverse welded specimens. Conversely, the mean deformation capacity of longitudinal welded specimens was almost 4.0 times of transverse welded specimens. Moreover, it was confirmed that the predicted loads of EC3 and AISC Specification were close and slightly conservative for all specimens.

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