Готові списки джерел за темами / Hygrothermal and energy performance

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Hygrothermal and energy performance"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Hygrothermal and energy performance":

1

Blumberga, Andra, Ritvars Freimanis, Edite Biseniece, and Agris Kamenders. "Hygrothermal Performance Evaluation of Internally Insulated Historic Stone Building in a Cold Climate." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020866.

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In most cases, internal insulation is the only solution to improve the energy efficiency of historic buildings. However, it is one of the most challenging and complex energy efficiency measures due to changes in boundary conditions and hygrothermal behavior of the wall, particularly in cold climates. This study presents the long-term monitoring of the hygrothermal performance of an internally insulated historic stone wall building. The study aimed to assess the hygrothermal behavior of the dolomite wall if mineral wool insulation is applied internally on the north-east wall in the rooms with and without high internal moisture load. The measurements included temperature, relative humidity, water content, and heat flux. Monitoring results are compared with 1D hygrothermal simulations and a building energy consumption simulation. The in situ measurement results and hygrothermal assessment shows energy consumption decreased by 55% with relative humidity under the insulation staying belove 60% for most of the time, with short periods of increase over 80%. Energy consumption simulation shows an energy saving potential of up to 72% in the case of proper energy management.
2

Lawrence, Mike, Enrico Fodde, Kevin Paine, and Pete Walker. "Hygrothermal Performance of an Experimental Hemp-Lime Building." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.413.

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The use of hemp-lime as a construction technique is a novel approach which combines renewable low carbon materials with exceptional hygrothermal performance. The hemp plant can grow up to 4m over a four month period, with a low fertilizer and irrigation demand, making it very efficient in the use of time and material resources. All parts of the plant can be used the seed for food stuffs, the fibre surrounding the stem for paper, clothing and resin reinforcement, and the woody core of the stem as animal bedding and aggregate in hemp-lime construction. The unique pore structure of the woody core (shiv) confers low thermal conductivity and thermal and hygric buffering to hemp-lime. The construction technique promotes good air tightness and minimal thermal bridging within the building envelope. All these factors combine to produce low carbon, hygrothermally efficient buildings which are low energy both in construction and in use, and offer opportunities for recycling at end of life. This paper reports on the hygrothermal performance of an experimental hemp-lime building, and on the development of a computerized environmental model which takes account of the phase change effects seen in hemp-lime.
3

Olaoye, Toba Samuel, Mark Dewsbury, and Hartwig Kunzel. "A Method for Establishing a Hygrothermally Controlled Test Room for Measuring the Water Vapor Resistivity Characteristics of Construction Materials." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010004.

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Hygrothermal assessment is essential to the production of healthy and energy efficient buildings. This has given rise to the demand for the development of a hygrothermal laboratory, as input data to hygrothermal modeling tools can only be sourced and validated through appropriate empirical measurements in a laboratory. These data are then used to quantify a building’s dynamic characteristic moisture transport vis-a-vis a much more comprehensive energy performance analysis through simulation. This paper discusses the methods used to establish Australia’s first hygrothermal laboratory for testing the water vapor resistivity properties of construction materials. The approach included establishing a climatically controlled hygrothermal test room with an automatic integrated system which controls heating, cooling, humidifying, and de-humidifying as required. The data acquisition for this hygrothermal test room operates with the installation of environmental sensors connected to specific and responsive programming codes. The room was successfully controlled to deliver a relative humidity of 50% with ±1%RH deviation and at 23 °C temperature with ±1 °C fluctuation during the testing of the water vapor diffusion properties of a pliable membrane common in Australian residential construction. To validate the potential of this testing facility, an independent measurement was also conducted at the Fraunhofer Institute of Building Physics laboratory (IBP) Holzkirchen, Germany for the diffusion properties of the same pliable membrane. The inter-laboratory testing results were subjected to statistical analysis of variance, this indicates that there is no significant difference between the result obtained in both laboratories. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates that a low-cost hygrothermally controlled test room can successfully replace the more expensive climatic chamber.
4

Pungercar, Vesna, and Florian Musso. "Hygrothermal Performance of Salt (NaCl) for Internal Surface Applications in the Building Envelope." Materials 15, no. 9 (May 2, 2022): 3266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093266.

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Salt (NaCl), as a by-product from the potash and desalination industry, can be the solution to the scarcity of building materials and might replace more energy-consuming materials. However, salt carries the risk of deliquescence in humid environments. This study conducted fundamental research on the hygrothermal performance of salt for internal surface applications in the building envelope in six different climate conditions. In addition, salt’s performance was also compared with that of gypsum in similar applications. The simulation models (using WUFI®Pro, WUFI®Plus) and in situ measurements were applied to investigate the hygrothermal consequences of the incorporation of salt on the thermal envelope, indoor environment, and energy consumption. Our studies revealed that salt provided the best hygrothermal responses without Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) in very hot-dry and the worst in very hot-humid climates. With an energy-efficient thermal envelope and HVAC, salt can also find an indoor application in temperate, continental, and subpolar climates. In comparison to gypsum, salt has a slightly higher energy demand (heating, cooling, and dehumidification) due to its higher thermal conductivity and moisture resistance. This study fills the knowledge gap on salt’s hygrothermal performance and shows the potential in its utilization.
5

Heracleous, C., R. Panagiotou, I. Ioannou, A. Michael, and M. Philokyprou. "Hygrothermal Performance of Adobe Structures." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1196, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1196/1/012059.

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Abstract Vernacular architecture incorporates many cooling and heating passive design strategies related to the structural envelope, the different architectural arrangements and the way of living of the inhabitants. Adobe walls are considered to be high thermal mass masonries, as they have the ability to store thermal energy. The high thermal inertia of these materials regulates indoor temperature variations through considerable time lags, thus contributing to the improvement of thermal comfort conditions. This study deals with the environmental behaviour of an adobe historic building in the rural area of Nicosia, Cyprus. The aim of this study is the investigation of the hygrothermal performance of the external adobe masonry walls of the structure under study. For this purpose, in-situ long-term monitoring is currently being carried out, focusing on the indoor and outdoor environmental conditions of a south wall of a room which has two exposed surfaces, the north towards the street and the south towards a courtyard. The south wall is being monitored with temperature/moisture sensors, installed at various locations along its thickness and height. In situ monitoring is complemented with laboratory measurements of the thermophysical (thermal conductivity, porosity, and sorptivity) properties of the main masonry material (adobes). Rising damp height, time of wetness, thermal inertia and decrement factor have all been calculated based on the laboratory and in-situ measurements. The results are analysed in terms of existing standards and analytical equations. The findings of this research may be used to evaluate the overall thermal performance of historic adobe buildings and the effectiveness of adobe walls in the improvement of indoor comfort conditions.
6

Nagy, Balázs, and Tamás K. Simon. "Energy and hygrothermal performance of builtin mineral wool thermal insulations." MATEC Web of Conferences 163 (2018): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816308001.

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The paper analyses the monitoring measurement results on energy performance and hygrothermal behaviour of built-in rock and glass mineral wool thermal insulations in an energy efficiently refurbished typical single-family dwelling house in Hungary. The experimental monitoring measurements included an external weather station; internal air condition measurements; temperature, relative humidity and heat flux sensors in the layers of the facade and attic. An energy meter was installed into the heating systems. Apart from the insulated one, the energy consumption of an uninsulated but identical family house close by to the refurbished one was monitored as control. In the paper, apart from comparing the energy performance of the monitored buildings, the conjugated heat and moisture behaviour of the built-in mineral wool insulations were examined and compared to their design values and conditions. The temperature and moisture correction factors were evaluated. The paper presents laboratory measurements on the thermal conductivity of built-in and etalon mineral wool insulation samples also. The circumstances were set according to the experienced built-in conditions in the monitored buildings and compares the energy and hygrothermal performance of new and aged insulations.
7

Ganguly, Shashwat, Fan Wang, and Michael Browne. "Comparative methods to assess renovation impact on indoor hygrothermal quality in a historical art gallery." Indoor and Built Environment 28, no. 4 (July 8, 2018): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18785791.

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This paper presents a set of methods for renovation impact assessment of indoor hygrothermal conditions in a culturally significant historical building, functioning as an art gallery. A new parameter, Renovation Impact Index (RII), was developed and used for the assessment. The RII is defined as the performance gradient of indoor hygrothermal conditions over two annual periods, the year before and the year after the renovations. The performances of the two most critical parameters to artwork conservation – temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) – were assessed with respect to conservation specifications. RII was defined over two windows: tight set points specified in the BS 5454 : 2000 Conservation Standard and a relaxed strategy for energy saving potential. ‘Global’ Performance Index was obtained as a combined effect of T and RH. A seasonal analysis was undertaken for detailed study of renovation impact on individual seasons. Results identified the positive effects of the renovation solutions, with the indoor environment then being less influenced by outdoor weather changes. In addition to energy savings of 27%, the positive RII estimate showed quantitative improvement in hygrothermal performance. The proposed methods can be extended to other renovation projects in similar buildings to assist building managers to target future improvements.
8

Pedroso, Marco, Maria da Glória Gomes, José Dinis Silvestre, Ahmed Hawreen, and Inês Flores-Colen. "Thermophysical Parameters and Hygrothermal Simulation of Aerogel-Based Fibre-Enhanced Thermal Insulating Renders Applied on Exterior Walls." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 27, 2023): 3048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073048.

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Aerogel-based renders have been the subject of research in the last few years due to their high thermal insulation characteristics and the need for buildings to become more energy-efficient. This study compares the hygrothermal behaviour of an aerogel-based render (reference) with the same base formulation, replacing the powder with three different fibres (aramid 0.5%, sisal 0.1%, and biomass 0.1%, by total volume) that can be used in buildings’ envelopes. The experimental programme allowed us to characterise and compare the thermophysical properties of the different formulations and then simulate the hygrothermal performance of these solutions when applied to walls for different climatic conditions, considering additional parameters such as total water content, drying potential, water content levels, and thermal insulating performance. These thermophysical parameters were then included in hygrothermal numerical simulations. The results allowed us to verify that the incorporation of fibres improved the hygrothermal properties due to lower capillary absorption and higher water vapour permeability. These renderings showed a high potential for application to building envelopes in different climatic conditions, improving their energy efficiency by up to 20% when compared to other conventional solutions.
9

Muñoz-González, Carmen, Ángel León-Rodríguez, Rafael Suárez Medina, and Catherine Teeling. "Hygrothermal Performance of Worship Spaces: Preservation, Comfort, and Energy Consumption." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 3838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113838.

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The energy problem, one the most important on a global scale, greatly affects the environment. Much of the current energy consumption occurs in existing buildings, including heritage buildings with varying protected status. Energy intervention and heritage conservation conflict to some extent, as research focuses more on the search for improved energy efficiency solutions for materials and systems than on their application to heritage buildings. This study describes experimental research on environmental conditioning techniques in spaces of worship in a temperate climate in southern Spain. Buildings were monitored and assessed in the implementation of different environmental techniques—active and combined (passive and active)—with the aim of improving the thermal comfort conditions of the faithful while preserving the cultural heritage of these buildings. The need for a control system of RH and the air system was concluded, as well as radiant floors and radiators, which, in the considered case studies, would barely affect the artworks. 24- and 12-h operation are better suited to heritage preservation than occasional use. All operation schedules are valid for thermal comfort.
10

Salonvaara, Mikael, Philip Boudreaux, Andre Desjarlais, Florian Antretter, and Eric Werling. "Validation of Hygrothermal Simulations with Wall Performance Experiments in an Environmental Chamber." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017204010.

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory is developing a web tool, built on a rule-based expert system, that aids stakeholders in designing energy-efficient moisture-durable walls. Currently, the tool’s expert system database is mostly populated with expert opinion, but work is being done to incorporate durability assessment based on stochastic hygrothermal modeling. Chamber experiments have been conducted to validate the hygrothermal models. The measured temperature and humidity have been compared with those predicted by the hygrothermal model. Experiments and comparison to one-dimensional hygrothermal modeling results were completed with two walls, a Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) based wall and a Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) based wall. The two walls were succumbed to typical Chicago weather in ORNL’s Heat, Air and Moisture chamber. The walls were sequentially exposed to different scenarios, including diffusion, wetting, air leakage and solar radiation. For the most part, the hygrothermal simulations can be successfully used to predict the performance of these wall systems for the moisture transport phenomenon. Errors between measured and simulated values decreased as measurements got closer to the interior side of the wall. The root mean square error was larger for relative humidity (up to 17.5%-RH for CMU) than for temperature (up to 4.5°C for CMU wall). The errors were larger for the CMU wall than the wood frame wall. The phenomenon, including liquid water, caused large discrepancies between measurement and simulation results, and simulated results showed slower drying of materials than measured results. The one-dimensional nature of the simulation model made simulating air leaks difficult but not impossible.
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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Hygrothermal and energy performance":

1

Herrera, Gutierrez-Avellanosa Daniel. "Energy efficiency improvements in traditional buildings : exploring the role of user behaviour in the hygrothermal performance of solid walls." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2109.

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Thermal improvement of traditional and historic buildings is going to play a crucial role in the achievement of established carbon emission targets. The suitable retrofit options for traditional buildings are, however, very limited and their long term performance is still uncertain. Evaluation of risks, prior to any alteration of building physics, is critical to avoid future damage to the fabric or occupants’ health. Moisture dynamics in building envelopes are affected by the enclosure’s geometry, materials properties and external and internal boundary conditions. Since the internal boundary is heavily influenced by users, understanding their behaviour is essential to predict the outcome of energy retrofit measures more accurately. The effect of user behaviour on energy demand has been extensively investigated; however, its impact on the hygrothermal performance of the envelopes has barely been explored. This research approached the connection between users and buildings from a new angle looking at the effect that user behaviour has on moisture dynamics of buildings’ envelopes after the retrofit. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to develop a holistic evaluation of the question. Firstly, factors influencing the adoption of energy efficiency measures in traditional buildings were explored by means of semi-structured interviews with private owners and project managers. Subsequently, a multi-case study including interviews with occupants and monitoring of environmental conditions was conducted. Data collected at this stage was used to explore users’ daily practices of comfort and to characterise the internal climate of traditional dwellings. Lastly, users’ impact was quantified using Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) numerical simulation. This allowed for the evaluation of the hygrothermal performance of walls under different internal climate scenarios. Combined results of interviews, environmental monitoring and simulation showed that internal climate can compromise envelope performance after the retrofit and highlighted the need to consider users in the decision making process. Ultimately, the results of this research will help to increase awareness about the potential impact of user behaviour and provide recommendations to decision makers involved in the energy retrofit of traditional structures.
2

Ibrahim, Mohamad. "Étude de l’amélioration de la performance énergétique de bâtiments due à l’emploi d’enduit minéral à fort pouvoir isolant." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0043/document.

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En France, le secteur du bâtiment est le plus grand consommateur d'énergie et représente environ 43% de la consommation totale d'énergie. L'isolation thermique dans le bâtiment est nécessaire afin d'améliorer son efficacité énergétique. Dans certains pays dont la France, la rénovation des bâtiments occupe une place essentielle dans la stratégie de transition énergétique. La stratégie mise en place consiste donc à renforcer l'isolation thermique des enveloppes de bâtiment et ceci en perdant le moins de surface habitable possible. Ceci justifie le fait de développer et de mettre en œuvre à l'avenir des matériaux super isolants comme les aérogels. Les objectifs de cette étude sont d'examiner le comportement thermique des bâtiments et d'étudier l'amélioration possible de leur efficacité énergétique en utilisant un nouvel enduit isolant à base d'aérogels de silice et ainsi que l'énergie solaire. Tout d'abord, la performance thermique et hygrothermique des murs extérieurs est étudiée afin de trouver la meilleure structure de ces murs. Deuxièmement, nous étudions l'évolution du confort thermique et du comportement énergétique des maisons en adoptant le nouvel enduit isolant comme isolation extérieure. Cette évolution a aussi été représentée par un modèle mathématique. On a comparé les résultats obtenus à l'aide de ces modèles avec les mesures expérimentales faites sur une maison récemment construite. Enfin, le potentiel de réduction de la charge de chauffage en adoptant un système actif dans la paroi est analysé. Ce système est proposé pour capter une partie de l'énergie solaire qui tombe sur la façade sud et qui est disponible pendant les journées non nuageuses en hiver, et la transférer vers la façade nord par l'intermédiaire de canalisations d'eau intégrées dans l'enduit isolant objet de l'étude
In France, the building sector is the largest consumer of energy and accounts for about 43% of the total energy consumption. The building sector offers significant potential for improved energy efficiency through the use of high-performance insulation and energy-efficient systems. For existing buildings, renovation has a high priority in France because these buildings represent a high proportion of energy consumption and they will be present for decades to come. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the so-called super-insulating materials, such as Aerogels. The objectives of this study are to examine the thermal behavior of buildings and to foster energy efficiency through the use of a newly developed aerogel-based insulating coating as well as the use of renewable energy sources, specifically solar energy. Firstly, the thermal and hygrothermal performance of exterior walls having different layer composition structures are examined. Secondly, the heating energy demand as well as the risk of summer overheating is examined for different construction periods and under different climates. Also, a mathematical model is built and compared to experimental measurement of a recently built full-scale house. Finally, the potential to decrease the heating load by adopting a closed wall loop system is scrutinized. The latter is a proposed system to capture some of the solar energy falling on the south facade available during non-cloudy winter days and transfer it to the north facade through water pipes embedded in the aerogel-based coating
3

Huang, Puxi. "Hygrothermal performance of Moso bamboo-based building material." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715306.

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This study focuses on the hygrothermal performance of Moso bamboo. The knowledge in this aspect is remarkable important for the research of building energy saving and the low carbon building design. However, the detailed hygrothermal properties of Moso bamboo are fairly rare. To obtain these data, a series of experimental works have been done for measurement of density, porosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, water vapour permeability, hygrothermal expansion and sorption isotherm of Moso bamboo. To obtain further understanding on the hygrothermal performance of Moso bamboo, a number of dynamic heat and moisture transfer experiments were conducted. These experiments simulated two extreme outdoor environments and one indoor environment. The temperature and RH responses of Moso bamboo panels were monitored. Then a coupled transient heat and moisture transfer numerical simulation at the material level was conducted to predict and validate the hygrothermal performance of Moso bamboo. A sensitivity study of the hygrothermal properties of bamboo was also presented to indentify the influence of each hygrothermal property of Moso bamboo. Major findings include the following aspects. Both experiment and simulation results appear to be consistent with the results of measurements of the basic hygrothermal parameters. The parametric study found that density can be regarded as the most sensible parameter to influence the temperature simulation results at the transient state, while the thermal conductivity dominated the temperature variation at the steady state. The water vapour diffusion resistance factor can be regarded as the most critical parameter to influence the RH simulation results. The influence of liquid water diffusivity is negligible in this study. The parametric study results indicated that the simulation with moisture is more accurate than the simulation without moisture in both equilibrium and transient state. The results also imply that the existence of moisture could increase the heat capacity and reduce the thermal conductivity. The results of this study recommend that the external part of the bamboo culm wall can be utilised to minimise the RH variation of the panel while the internal part of the bamboo culm wall is suitable to increase the thermal insulation performance of the panel. To avoid hygroexpansion, the implementation of external part of bamboo culm wall needs to be minimised.
4

Jones, Christopher J. "Hygrothermal conditioning and fatigue behaviour of high performance composites." Thesis, University of Bath, 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353393.

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The static and fatigue properties of advanced epoxy-based composites reinforced with carbon, glass or aromatic polyamide (Kevlar-49) fibres have been measured for a range of different loading and environmental conditions. Cross-plied laminates were tested in tension in the 0/90 and +/-45° orientations and also under flexural loading. The laminates were similar, except for the type of fibre. The effects of environmental exposure were assessed by preconditioning test specimens to equilibrium by either drying at 60°C, storage at 65%RH at ambient temperature or boiling in water. Moisture absorption was through the resin alone for CFRP and GRP and by additional absorption by the fibres for KFRP. Fatigue testing revealed that the tensile performance in the 0/90 orientation is strongly dependent on the level of cyclic strain. 0/90 CFRP has excellent fatigue and environmental resistance but GRP exhibits a steep fatigue curve and the static and low cycle fatigue strengths are both reduced by boiling. The fatigue strength of 0/90 KFRP is reduced by drying, more so than by boiling, and in all conditions the stress/log-life curves are characterised by a downward curvature or 'knee'. Tensile preloads do not significantly affect the residual fatigue properties or the equilibrium levels of moisture uptake, although extensive damage involving cracking in both longitudinal and transverse plies may lead to increased absorption rates. A tendency for Kevlar fibres to split or 'defibrillate' plays an important role in most failures of KFRP. It limits the shear strength and causes flexural failures to occur at the compression surface at low stress levels. 0/90 CFRP also fails at the compression surface in flexure but GRP fails at the tensile surface, the environmental fatigue performance resembling that under axial tensile loading. The +/-45° tensile and low cycle fatigue strengths are sensitive to the effects of conditioning, all laminates exhibiting optimum performance after conditioning at 65%RH, although generally these effects become insignificant at long lives.
5

Zhang, Li. "Hygrothermal resistance of the interface in high performance polymer composites." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/MQ40916.pdf.

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6

Latif, Eshrar. "Hygrothermal performance of hemp based thermal insulation materials in the UK." Thesis, University of East London, 2013. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3454/.

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This thesis explores the hygrothermal performance of hemp insulation in the context of the United Kingdom. The key objectives of this investigation were to assess the heat and moisture management capacities of hemp insulations in two constructions typical to the UK, of timber frame and solid brick walls and to put the findings of the assessment into the greater context of conventional insulation materials by comparing hemp insulation’s performance with that of stone wool. The assessments were performed by means of laboratory-based experiments, in situ experimental monitoring and computer based numerical hygrothermal simulations. The most important finding during the laboratory-based experiment is that, in high relative humidity, the likelihood and frequency of interstitial condensation is higher in stone wool insulation than in hemp insulation. In terms of the material properties, one of the key findings during the laboratory-based experiment is the high level of moisture buffering capacities of hemp insulations, and therefore their potential in managing moisture in buildings. The in situ assessment of hygrothermal properties of hemp and stone wool insulations confirms the findings of the laboratory based experiments of the corresponding moisture management capacities of these two insulation materials. Parametric analysis of the in situ data shows that mould spore germination is possible in the insulations in vapour open walls although the visual observation has not confirmed the outcome of this analysis. In terms of thermal conductivity, the important finding is that the equivalent thermal conductivity of hemp and stone wool insulations are always equal or below the manufacturers’ declared thermal conductivity values. Long-term hygrothermal performances of hemp and stone wool insulation in timber frame and solid brick walls have been also assessed using a numerical hygrothermal simulation tool (WUFI). As far as the WUFI predictions are concerned, the application of the hemp or stone wool insulation on solid brick wall does not seem to be feasible with reference to condensation and mould growth in the insulations.
7

Desmarais, Guylaine. "Impact of added insulation on the hygrothermal performance of leaky exterior wall assemblies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/MQ47814.pdf.

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8

Younes, Chadi. "Developing an Enhanced Model for Combined Heat and Air Infiltration Energy Simulation." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/743.

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The need for efficient, sustainable, and planned utilization of resources is ever more critical. In the U.S. alone, buildings consume 34.8 Quadrillion (1015) BTU of energy annually at a cost of $1.4 Trillion. Of this energy 58% is utilized for heating and air conditioning. Several building energy analysis tools have been developed to assess energy demands and lifecycle energy costs in buildings. Such analyses are also essential for an efficient HVAC design that overcomes the pitfalls of an under/over-designed system. DOE-2 is among the most widely known full building energy analysis models. It also constitutes the simulation engine of other prominent software such as eQUEST, EnergyPro, PowerDOE. Therefore, it is essential that DOE-2 energy simulations be characterized by high accuracy. Infiltration is an uncontrolled process through which outside air leaks into a building. Studies have estimated infiltration to account for up to 50% of a building’s energy demand. This, considered alongside the annual cost of buildings energy consumption, reveals the costs of air infiltration. It also stresses the need that prominent building energy simulation engines accurately account for its impact. In this research the relative accuracy of current air infiltration calculation methods is evaluated against an intricate Multiphysics Hygrothermal CFD building envelope analysis. The full-scale CFD analysis is based on a meticulous representation of cracking in building envelopes and on real-life conditions. The research found that even the most advanced current infiltration methods, including in DOE-2, are at up to 96.13% relative error versus CFD analysis. An Enhanced Model for Combined Heat and Air Infiltration Simulation was developed. The model resulted in 91.6% improvement in relative accuracy over current models. It reduces error versus CFD analysis to less than 4.5% while requiring less than 1% of the time required for such a complex hygrothermal analysis. The algorithm used in our model was demonstrated to be easy to integrate into DOE-2 and other engines as a standalone method for evaluating infiltration heat loads. This will vastly increase the accuracy of such simulation engines while maintaining their speed and ease of use characteristics that make them very widely used in building design.
9

Čtrnáctý, Jaromír. "Energy Performance Contracting." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11032.

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Energy Performance Contracting is an energy saving method, when the supplier guarantees a certain minimal level of energy savings to the customer, as well as non-rising energy costs. The method was developed at the turn of 70's and 80's in the USA and has spread to dozens of countries around the world till today, although the rate of the EPC market development differs from country to country. The method is useful mostly for heating, electricity and gas cost savings by the end-users. In the Czech Republic, the method has been used since 1993. Until now, several dozens, or even hundreds of projects have been realized, mostly for public sector customers. This paper analyzes the current state of the EPC method usage around the world as well as in the Czech Republic, the key part comprises of the EPC principles description, based on data from real EPC contracts. The work is concluded by a SWOT analysis of the method and by a discussion of the following question: "Can EPC projects blockade the overall saving potential in some cases?" The key information source for most of the work were answers to questions sent to eight Czech ESCO companies representatives, as well as the outputs from guided interviews with four of them, which were taking place between January and May 2009.
10

Wu, Dongxia. "Experimental and numerical study on passive building envelope integrated by PCM and bio-based concrete." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0104.

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Les économies d'énergie et la réduction des émissions des gaz à effet de serre dans le secteur du bâtiments ainsi que le maintien d’un confort hygrométrique prennent une importance majeur ces dernières décennies. L'utilisation de matériaux à changement de phase (MCP) ou de matériaux hygroscopiques d'origine végétale pour l'enveloppe des bâtiments est une solution prometteuse. Les MCP conduit à améliorer le confort thermique intérieur et à réduire la consommation d'énergie, tandis que les matériaux hygroscopiques biosourcés sont des matériaux respectueux de l'environnement et permettent la régulation de l'humidité intérieure et assure une isolation thermique optimale. Cependant, seules quelques études ont exploré l'application l’intégration de ces deux types de matériaux et analysé de manière exhaustive les performances énergétiques et hygrothermiques. Cette thèse propose une solution d'enveloppe passive qui intègre le PCM et le béton de chanvre biosourcé pour améliorer simultanément les performances énergétiques, et hygrothermiques du bâtiment. Les principaux objectifs de cette étude sont d'examiner la faisabilité des enveloppes intégrées, d'étudier de manière exhaustive les performances hygrothermiques et énergétiques ainsi que les avantages et les inconvénients de différentes configurations avec le PCM placé à différents endroits du béton de chanvre.Tout d'abord, des expériences ont été menées en comparant les performances hygrothermiques d'une enveloppe de référence (béton de chanvre uniquement) et de trois enveloppes intégrées avec du MCP placé à différents endroits dans deux conditions limites typiques. Les résultats ont montré la faisabilité des enveloppes intégrées. La présence de PCM a augmenté les inerties thermique et hygrique de l'enveloppe. Par conséquent, le déphasage a été augmenté et l'amplitude de la température et de l'humidité relative a été réduite. Les différentes configurations présentaient des avantages et des inconvénients différents. La configuration dans laquelle le MCP est placé au milieu du béton de chanvre est intéressante car elle présente une faible fluctuation et un dephasage interessant à la fois pour les variations de la température et de l'humidité relative, et conduit ainsi à de grandes économies d'énergie.Ensuite, le modèle physique i, de transfert de la chaleur et de l’humidité, à l’échelle de l'enveloppe a été développé. Ce modèle intègre la dépendance de la température et de la caractéristique hygroscopique du béton de chanvre. La précision du modèle a été validée par comparaison avec les données expérimentales. Sur la base du modèle validé, les simulations ont été effectuées dans un climat méditerranéen afin d'étudier de manière exhaustive les performances hygrothermiques et énergétiques de l'enveloppe intégrée. Les résultats ont mis en évidence le rôle indispensable du transfert d'humidité dans la détermination de la charge hugrothermique, ainsi que l'effet précieux de l'enveloppe sur l'amélioration des performances énergétiques et hygrothermiques. En outre, l'enveloppe intégrée avec le PCM proche de (mais pas en contact avec) l'intérieur a montré un grand potentiel pour économiser de l'énergie et s'adapter aux variations d'humidité du climat tout en garantissant l'équilibre de l'humidité dans le béton de chanvre. Enfin, l'analyse paramétrique a été réalisée du point de vue des propriétés du MCP (épaisseur, chaleur latente et plage de transition de phase), et le risque d'application (condensation et développement de moisissures) a été évalué. Les résultats de l'analyse paramétrique ont montré que les performances de l'enveloppe pouvaient être améliorées en augmentant l'épaisseur et la chaleur latente de MCP et en identifiant la plage de transition de phase appropriée du MCP. Les résultats de l'évaluation des risques ont confirmé que l'enveloppe ne présentait aucun risque de condensation et de développement de moisissures
With the development of society, the demand for energy saving and carbon emission reduction in buildings as well as the indoor thermal and humidity environment comfort is gradually increasing. Using Phase change materials (PCMs) or bio-based hygroscopic materials as building envelopes are promising solutions. PCMs can improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption, while bio-based hygroscopic materials are environment-friendly materials that enable indoor humidity regulation and thermal insulation. However, only a few studies have explored the integrated application of the two types of materials and comprehensively analyzed the energy and hygrothermal performance. This dissertation proposed a passive envelope solution that integrates PCM and bio-based hemp concrete (HC) to simultaneously improve the energy, thermal, and hygric performances of buildings. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the feasibility of the integrated envelopes, to comprehensively study the hygrothermal and energy performance as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different configurations with PCM placed in different locations of the HC, and to conduct the parametric analysis and evaluate the application risks of the integrated envelope.First, experiments were conducted by comparing the hygrothermal performance of a reference envelope (HC only) and three integrated envelopes with PCM placed in different locations under two typical boundary conditions. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the integrated envelopes. The presence of PCM increased the thermal and hygric inertia of the envelope. As a result, the time delay was increased and the temperature/relative humidity amplitude was decreased. Different configurations had different advantages and disadvantages. The configurations with PCM placed in the middle of the HC was worth noting as it had small temperature/relative humidity fluctuation, long temperature time delay, and large energy savings.Then, the mathematical model of the integrated envelope that couples heat and moisture transfer and considers the temperature dependence of HC’s hygroscopic characteristic was developed. The accuracy of the model was validated by comparison with the experimental data. Based on the validated model, the simulations were performed in a Mediterranean climate to comprehensively investigate the hygrothermal and energy performance of the integrated envelope. The results highlighted the indispensable role moisture transfer plays in determining the indoor hygric environment and heat load, as well as the valuable effect of the integrated envelope on improving both energy and hygrothermal performance. Besides, the integrated envelope with PCM close to (but not in contact with) the interior showed great potential for saving energy and adapting to climate humidity variation while guaranteeing moisture equilibrium within the HC.Finally, the parametric analysis was performed from the perspective of PCM properties (thickness, latent heat, and phase transition range), and the application (condensation and mold growth) risk was evaluated. The results of the parametric analysis illustrated that the performance of the integrated envelope could be improved by increasing the thickness and latent heat and identifying the appropriate phase transition range of the PCM. The risk evaluation results confirmed that the integrated envelope was free from the risk of condensation and mold growth
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Книги з теми "Hygrothermal and energy performance":

1

Karagiozis, Achilles. Building enclosure hygrothermal performance study phase I. Oak Ridge, Tenn: The Laboratory, 2002.

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2

Cook, Geoffrey K. Appraising building defects: Perspectives on stability and hygrothermal performance. Harlow: Longman, 1992.

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3

Chang, Li. Hygrothermal resistance of the interface in high performance polymer composites. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.

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4

Mukhopadhyaya, Phalguni, and Diana Fisler, eds. Advances in Hygrothermal Performance of Building Envelopes: Materials, Systems and Simulations. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1599-eb.

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5

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. and Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative Inc, eds. Energy performance listings. [Albany, N.Y.] (NYSERDA, 286 Washington Ave. Ext., Albany 12203-6399): Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative, Inc., 1997.

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6

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. and Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative Inc, eds. Energy performance listings. Albany, NY (NYSERDA, 286 Washington Ave. Ext., Albany 12203-6399): Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative, 1997.

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7

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. and Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative Inc, eds. Energy performance listings. [Albany, N.Y.] (NYSERDA, 286 Washington Ave. Ext., Albany 12203-6399): Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative, Inc., 1996.

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8

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. and Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative Inc, eds. Energy performance listings. Albany, N.Y. (NYSERDA, 286 Washington Ave. Ext., Albany 12203-6399): Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative, Inc., 1997.

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9

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. and Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative Inc, eds. Energy performance listings. [Albany, N.Y.] (NYSERDA, 286 Washington Ave. Ext., Albany 12203-6399): Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative, Inc., 1997.

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10

Boemi, Sofia-Natalia, Olatz Irulegi, and Mattheos Santamouris, eds. Energy Performance of Buildings. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20831-2.

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Частини книг з теми "Hygrothermal and energy performance":

1

Fantucci, Stefano, Elisa Fenoglio, Valentina Serra, Marco Perino, Marco Dutto, and Valentina Marino. "Hygrothermal Characterization of High-Performance Aerogel-Based Internal Plaster." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 259–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9868-2_22.

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2

Miljan, Martti-Jaan, and Jaan Miljan. "Hygrothermal Performance of Timber External Walls Insulated with Natural and Industrial Materials." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 957–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00662-4_81.

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3

Altmäe, Erik, Aime Ruus, Jane Raamets, and Ernst Tungel. "Determination of Clay-Sand Plaster Hygrothermal Performance: Influence of Different Types of Clays on Sorption and Water Vapour Permeability." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 945–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00662-4_80.

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4

Martín-Garín, Alexander, Iñigo Rodríguez-Vidal, Jorge Otaegi, José Miguel Rico-Martínez, José Antonio Millán-García, María Senderos Laka, and Elena Lucchi. "Hygrothermal Performance Analysis of Building Components and Materials. A Tool for Energy Refurbishments Assessments." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 417–39. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2714-2_23.

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5

Cyphers, Rex A., Carly M. Wagner, and Jodi M. Knorowski. "Development of Standards to Evaluate, Analyze, and Retrofit Mass Wall Assemblies and Steep Sloped Roof Assemblies of Existing Buildings for Compliance with Energy Codes." In Advances in Hygrothermal Performance of Building Envelopes: Materials, Systems and Simulations, 50–68. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp159920160107.

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6

Béjat, Timea, and Didier Therme. "Experimental Analysis of the Hygrothermal Performance of New Aerogel-Based Insulating Building Materials in Real Weather Conditions: Full-Scale Application Study." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 677–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9868-2_57.

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7

Delgado, J. M. P. Q., Ana Sofia Guimarães, António C. Azevedo, Romilde A. Oliveira, Fernando A. N. Silva, and Carlos W. A. P. Sobrinho. "Physical and Hygrothermal Material Properties." In Structural Performance of Masonry Elements, 7–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03270-8_2.

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8

Newman, Roger H., Armin Thumm, E. C. Clauss, and M. J. L. Guen. "Improving Hygrothermal Performance in Epoxy-Biofibre Composites." In Advanced Materials and Processing IV, 287–90. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-466-9.287.

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9

Zirkelbach, Daniel, Beate Schafaczek, and Hartwig Künzel. "Hygrothermal Performance and Damage Risk of Green Roofs." In Hygrothermal Behavior, Building Pathology and Durability, 141–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31158-1_7.

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10

Delgado, João M. P. Q., and P. Paula. "Hygrothermal Performance Evaluation of Gypsum Plaster Houses in Brazil." In Advanced Structured Materials, 1–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91062-8_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Hygrothermal and energy performance":

1

Zheng, J. Y., Z. Q. Chen, and M. X. Zhang. "Hygrothermal performance of diatomite-based humidity control building material." In 6th International Conference on Energy and Environment of Residential Buildings (ICEERB 2014). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.1625.

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2

Kočí, V., J. Maděra, and R. Černý. "Computational assessment of energy efficiency and hygrothermal performance of retrofitted historical building envelopes." In ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esus150161.

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3

Iacob, Adrian. "THERMAL BRIDGES HYGROTHERMAL PERFORMANCE IN BUILDING ENVELOPES SUBMITTED TO ENERGY REHABILITATION." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on NANO, BIO AND GREEN � TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b62/s26.053.

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4

Pihelo, Peep, and Targo Kalamees. "Hygrothermal performance of AAC exterior wall after additional insulation with prefabricated elements in Estonia." In IV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES II 2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0170884.

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5

Evard, Anni, Endrik Arumägi, Siim Lomp, and Targo Kalamees. "Energy and hygrothermal performance challenges in the renovation of a over 100-year-old wooden apartment building into a nearly zero-energy building." In 2nd International Conference on Moisture in Buildings 2023. ScienceOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14293/icmb230053.

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6

Boumediene, Naima, Florence Collet, Sylvie Prétot, Lazhar Ayed, and Sami Elaoud. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Hygrothermal Behaviour of a Washing Fines Hemp Test Wall." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.195.

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Bio-based materials are a promising tracks that offer thermal and environmental performances in order to reduce the consumption of energy and of non-renewable resources. For this purpose, in a previous study, the LGCGM worked on the development of Washing Fines Hemp composites (WFH) and characterized them on multiphysical points of view. Such materials show low thermal conductivity and high moisture buffer ability. In order to characterize their hygrothermal behavior at wall scale, a test wall is set up in an air-conditioned bi-climatic test room to simulate indoor and outdoor climates. This paper investigates the characterization of hygrothermal behavior of Washing Fines Hemp wall under typical Tunisian summer climate. It consists in an experimental study, supplemented by numerical simulation performed with WUFI Pro V6.5 software. The experimental hygrothermal response of the wall to such solicitations is analyzed from the temperature and relative humidity kinetics at several positions in the wall and from temperature and vapor pressure profiles. It shows that for daily cycles the two thirds of the thickness of the wall on the exterior side are active, as well regarding heat and moisture phenomena. More sorption-desorption phenomena are highlighted. The numerical results are consistent with experimental data for temperature and underestimate vapor pressure in the inner part of the wall.
7

Mortada, Nourhan, Annabelle Phelipot-Mardele, and Christophe Lanos. "Impact of Biobased Surfactants on Hygrothermal Behaviour of Gypsum Foams." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.715.

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Reduce the impact of the building sector has become a key point of sustainable development. The production of lightweight materials for the building industry is therefore a must. To produce such materials, foaming is a process commonly used to trap air bubbles and achieve a range of low densities. A sufficient low thermal conductivity and an acceptable ability to regulate humidity variations in order to limit overall energy consumption are the sought properties. In this study, a direct foaming method is applied to formulate gypsum foams using a commercial Plaster and two biobased foaming agents based on proteins. An anionic surfactant (α-olefin sulphonate sodium salt) is used as a reference surfactant. Varying the mixing time, protein content and water content, gypsum foams were produced. The foam volume is measured continuously during the mixing step and the foam homogeneity is controlled. The densities of fresh foams and of the hardened foams are used to identify the links between formulation and foams properties. Gypsum foam specimens with different densities ranging from 300 to 750 kg/m3 are produced. The thermal conductivity and the Moisture Buffer Value measurements are performed. Such properties appear directly linked to the porosity and pore connection of the foams. The obtained results highlight the contribution of biobased surfactant to the performance of gypsum foams.
8

A´lvarez, G., M. A. Chagolla, J. P. Xama´n, M. J. Jime´nez, S. Sua´rez, and M. R. Heras. "A TRNSYS Simulation and Experimental Comparison of the Thermal Behavior of a Building Located in Desert Climate." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90272.

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This paper describes a TRNSYS simulation of a space of an office building in dessert climate. The space simulated by TRNSYS represents a meeting room which is placed in one of the high mass buildings of the Plataforma Solar of Almeria located in the desert of Tabernas, Spain. The meeting room was selected because hygrothermal variables are being measured. The simulation results are compared with experimental data of the meeting room. The main goal is to describe the thermal behavior of the meeting room of this high mass building in free evolution and verify its thermal performance with the measured data. Climate input variables to the simulation were solar radiation, dry bulb temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity recorded by a meteorological station installed on top of the building. As a first approach coolest winter day and hottest summer day were analyzed. The comparison results between the TRNSYS simulation results and measured ones show a maximum percentage difference of 4.51% (0.60 °C).
9

Ouldboukhitine, Salah, Sofiane Amziane, and Maroua Benkhaled. "Sensitivity Study on the Parameters of a Hygrothermal Transfer Model of Air, Heat and Mass Transfer." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.860.

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The energy performance of buildings represents a major challenge in terms of sustainable development. The buildings and buildings construction sectors combined are responsible for over one-third of global final energy consumption and nearly 40% of total direct and indirect CO2 emissions. In order to reduce the energy consumption of buildings and their harmful impact on the environment, special attention has been paid in recent years to the use of bio-based materials. Several works have been carried out in the last decades in order to model the coupled heat, air and moisture transfers in the building envelope but the difficulties lies in the identification of numerous parameters that the HAM proposed models use. In the present paper, a sensitivity study regarding the HAM parameters is implemented in order to apprehend the most determining parameters during the transfer processes. A reduced model based on these parameters is then determined.
10

Novak, Paulo Rogerio, Nathan Mendes, and Gustavo Henrique da Costa Oliveira. "Simulation and Analysis of a Secondary HVAC System Using MATLAB/SIMULINK Platform." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59570.

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In this paper, the mathematical model of a secondary system (fan-coil) of a HVAC equipment is described. This system was inserted into a computer code developed in Matlab/Simulink platform devoted to the analysis of buildings hygrothermal behavior and performance of closed-loop control systems. The model is presented in terms of state-space variables that represent the energy and mass balance for each component of the fan-coil. Results are presented in terms of a comparative analysis of the cooling coil temperature and external air ventilation rate effects on the room air psychrometrics state. Finally, the control system performance is presented for both temperature and relative humidity.

Звіти організацій з теми "Hygrothermal and energy performance":

1

Goldberg, Louise F., and Brianna Steigauf. Cold Climate Foundation Retrofit Energy Savings. The Simulated Energy and Experimental Hygrothermal Performance of Cold Climate Foundation Wall Insulation Retrofit Measures -- Phase I, Energy Simulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1220005.

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2

Goldberg, L. F., and B. Steigauf. Cold Climate Foundation Retrofit Energy Savings: The Simulated Energy and Experimental Hygrothermal Performance of Cold Climate Foundation Wall Insulation Retrofit Measures -- Phase I, Energy Simulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1079101.

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3

Pfluger, Rainer, and Alexander Rieser, eds. Conservation compatible energy retrofit technologies: Part IV: Documentation and assessment of energy and cost-efficient HVAC-systems and strategies with high conservation compatibility. IEA SHC Task 59, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task59-2021-0007.

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Historic building restoration and renovation requires sensitivity to the cultural heritage, historic value, and sustainability (i.e., building physics, energy efficiency, and comfort) goals of the project. Heat recovery ventilation can contribute to the mentioned goals if ventilation concepts, and airflow distribution is planned and realized in a minimally invasive way. Compared to new buildings, the building physics of historic buildings are more complicated in terms of hygrothermal performance. In particular if internal insulation is applied, the need for dehumidification is needed for robust and risk-free future use, while maintaining the building’s cultural value. As each ventilation system has to be chosen and adapted individually to the specific building, the selection of the appropriate system type is not an easy task.
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Liu, Pei, and Chiemi Iba. Influence of Energy-saving Renovation Plan on the Hygrothermal Distribution Inside Kyo-machiya Soil Walls Considering their Moisture Buffering Effect. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541650556.

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Kyo-machiya are traditional townhouses in Kyoto that represent an important aspect of cultural heritage preservation. Because of the poor thermal insulation performance, they require energy-saving renovations. However, their unique soil walls possess a moisture-buffering effect that can be strongly influenced by the applied renovation plan and are expected to remain functional even after renovation. Conventional renovation methods apply an inside vapor barrier to the interior insulation to prevent condensation between the insulation and wall; however, applying this barrier may hinder the buffering effect and deteriorate the unique interior appearance of the soil wall. Therefore, we conducted a case study on the hygrothermal environment of a typical Kyo-machiya structure in winter when the moisture generated by indoor activities was adsorbed by soil walls. We used the finite difference method to divide the various renovated envelope systems into thin layers and calculated the temperature and humidity distributions. Based on these results, we propose the use of exterior insulation for renovations, owing to its excellent thermal performance. However, if the space between the adjacent buildings is insufficient, interior insulation can be applied without a vapor barrier.
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Ramos, Nuno M. M., Joana Maia, Rita Carvalho Veloso, Andrea Resende Souza, Catarina Dias, and João Ventura. Envelope systems with high solar reflectance by the inclusion of nanoparticles – an overview of the EnReflect Project. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541621982.

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High reflectance materials constitute an attractive idea to reduce cooling loads, which is crucial for attaining the Nearly Zero Energy Buildings goal, also presenting the benefit of broadening the range of colours applicable in building facades. The EnReflect project intended to re-design envelope systems by increasing their solar reflectance through nanotechnology. The main idea was to produce novel nanomaterial-based coatings with high near-infrared (NIR) reflectance by tuning their optical properties and testing their compatibility with typical insulation technologies such as ETICS. As such, this project focused on the synthesis of nanoparticles with improved NIR reflectance, the evaluation of the hygrothermal-mechanical behaviour of thermal insulation systems with the application of the improved coating solutions, the characterization of the more relevant material properties and the durability assessment. One of the main achievements was the development of a facile synthesis of a nanocomposite with improved performance in the NIR region that allowed the reflectance improvement of a dark-finishing coating. Also, the incorporation of such nanoparticles had a positive effect on keeping their optical properties after accelerated ageing cycles. The development of numerical simulations allowed the estimation of the maximum surface temperature in Mediterranean climates under different optical parameters. The study of the hygrothermal behaviour of thermal enhanced façades led to the development of a new durability assessment methodology which contributed to closing a standardization gap.
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Veloso, Rita Carvalho, Catarina Dias, Andrea Resende Souza, Joana Maia, Nuno M. M. Ramos, and João Ventura. Improving the optical properties of finishing coatings for façade systems. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541592743.

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The need to improve energy efficiency of the building stock has led to a continuous increase in the implementation of exterior thermal insulation systems, such as ETICS. Progressively, these systems are being applied with darker colours, increasing the concern for hygrothermal behaviour and durability. Despite the significant developed studies, very few reports regarding their optical properties are available. The optical and catalytic capacity turns nanomaterials into excellent candidates for use in finishing coatings with high solar reflectance with dark colours without affecting the aesthetic characteristics, thus improving the durability of such coatings. Our study targeted the development of innovative envelope systems by increasing their solar reflectance through new finishing coatings formulations with the inclusion of nanoparticles. For that, it is necessary to develop and optimize nanoparticles formulations to achieve a high near-infrared reflectance. Here, we studied how the incorporation of reflective nanomaterials influence the optical behaviour of a black colourant for a finishing coating, varying the concentration in the coating from 0 to 20%. Such optical performance was experimentally evaluated through spectral reflectance calculations using a modular spectrophotometer, which allowed an understanding of the relation between these properties and the morphological and structural characteristics of the nanoparticles. The results from such studies can help formulate new finishing coatings with increased near-infrared reflectance of buildings façades, using, for instance, more than one type of nanoparticle.
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Karagiozis, A. N. Building Enclosure Hygrothermal Performance Study, Phase 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885668.

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Pallin, Simon B., Manfred Kehrer, and Andre Omer Desjarlais. Hygrothermal Performance of West Coast Wood Deck Roofing System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1126977.

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Chiang, Martin Y. M., and Gregory B. McKenna. Hygrothermal effects on the performance of polymers and polymeric composites:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5826.

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Boudreaux, Philip, Mikael Salonvaara, and Andre Desjarlais. Comparing Retrofit Wall Performance Predicted from Hygrothermal Simulations to Measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1798618.

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