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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Hydrology Mathematical models"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Hydrology Mathematical models"

1

Mulla, D. J. "Mathematical Models of Small Watershed Hydrology and Applications." Journal of Environmental Quality 32, no. 1 (January 2003): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.374a.

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2

Sawada, Yohei, and Risa Hanazaki. "Socio-hydrological data assimilation: analyzing human–flood interactions by model–data integration." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 4777–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4777-2020.

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Abstract. In socio-hydrology, human–water interactions are simulated by mathematical models. Although the integration of these socio-hydrological models and observation data is necessary for improving the understanding of human–water interactions, the methodological development of the model–data integration in socio-hydrology is in its infancy. Here we propose applying sequential data assimilation, which has been widely used in geoscience, to a socio-hydrological model. We developed particle filtering for a widely adopted flood risk model and performed an idealized observation system simulation experiment and a real data experiment to demonstrate the potential of the sequential data assimilation in socio-hydrology. In these experiments, the flood risk model's parameters, the input forcing data, and empirical social data were assumed to be somewhat imperfect. We tested if data assimilation can contribute to accurately reconstructing the historical human–flood interactions by integrating these imperfect models and imperfect and sparsely distributed data. Our results highlight that it is important to sequentially constrain both state variables and parameters when the input forcing is uncertain. Our proposed method can accurately estimate the model's unknown parameters – even if the true model parameter temporally varies. The small amount of empirical data can significantly improve the simulation skill of the flood risk model. Therefore, sequential data assimilation is useful for reconstructing historical socio-hydrological processes by the synergistic effect of models and data.

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3

Milks, Robert R., William C. Fonteno, and Roy A. Larson. "Hydrology of Horticultural Substrates: I. Mathematical Models for Moisture Characteristics of Horticultural Container Media." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 1 (January 1989): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.1.48.

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Abstract Moisture retention data were collected for five porous materials: soil, phenolic foam, and three combinations of commonly used media components. Two mathematical functions were evaluated for their ability to describe the water content–soil moisture relationship. A cubic polynomial function with linear parameters previously used on container media was compared to a closed-form nonlinear parameter model developed to describe water conductivity in mineral soils. In most tests for precision, adequacy, accuracy, and validation, the nonlinear function was superior to the simpler power series. The nonlinear function provides an excellent tool for describing the water content for media with widely varying physical properties.

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4

Mańko, Robert, and Norbert Laskowski. "Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the conceptual rainfall-runoff hydrological models on the selected rivers in Odra and Vistula basins." ITM Web of Conferences 23 (2018): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182300025.

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Identification of physical processes occurred in the watershed is one of the main tasks in hydrology. Currently the most efficient hydrological processes describing and forecasting tool are mathematical models. They can be defined as a mathematical description of relations between specified attributes of analysed object. It can be presented by: graphs, arrays, equations describing functioning of the object etc. With reference to watershed a mathematical model is commonly defined as a mathematical and logical relations, which evaluate quantitative dependencies between runoff characteristics and factors, which create it. Many rainfall-runoff linear reservoirs conceptual models have been developed over the years. The comparison of effectiveness of Single Linear Reservoir model, Nash model, Diskin model and Wackermann model is presented in this article.

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5

Sun, Si Miao, Chang Lei Dai, Hou Chu Liao, and Di Fang Xiao. "A Conceptual Model of Soil Moisture Movement in Seasonal Frozen Unsaturated Zone." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2612.

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Conceptual model is considered as one of the crucial and essential methods for scientific research on cold region hydrology. However, graphical conceptual model that integrates with a variety of influencing factors and specializes in describing soil moisture dynamic in seasonal frozen unsaturated zone has never occurred in any related researches, due to which the study on mechanism of frozen soil moisture movement has been delayed in a certain degree. Firstly, three stages of freezing and thawing process are divided in this article to serve for the further study in seasonal frozen unsaturated zone, which respectively are: the Stage of Freezing (Instable Freezing Stage and Stable Freezing Stage), the Stage of Thawing (Instable Thawing Stage and Stable Thawing Stage) and the Stage of Freeze-free. Secondly, based on different stages above, three characteristics and the relationships are analyzed, which include freeze-thaw-action and groundwater table, freeze-thaw-action and groundwater storage, freeze-thaw-action and soil surface evaporation. Thirdly, referred to related theories (Frozen Soil Hydrology and Snow & Ice Hydrology) and the construction of watershed model in warm regions, a whole set of graphical conceptual model and corresponding symbolic model have been built with freezing and thawing process as x-axis (time coordinate) and both soil frozen depth and different parameters as double y-axis. The different parameters include groundwater depth, soil water moisture rate and soil surface evaporation intensity. The graphical and symbolic conceptual models comprehensively describe the entire process and the factors relationships of soil moisture movement in seasonal frozen unsaturated zone. These models are expected to provide scientific basis for practical work in cold areas, such as hydrologic and hydraulic calculation in cold seasons, assessment and utilization of frozen area water resources and agricultural irrigation in cold regions, and also to provide references to the development of mathematical or experimental models in related researching fields.

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6

Ponnambalam, Kumaraswamy, and S. Jamshid Mousavi. "CHNS Modeling for Study and Management of Human–Water Interactions at Multiple Scales." Water 12, no. 6 (June 14, 2020): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061699.

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This paper presents basic definitions and challenges/opportunities from different perspectives to study and control water cycle impacts on society and vice versa. The wider and increased interactions and their consequences such as global warming and climate change, and the role of complex institutional- and governance-related socioeconomic-environmental issues bring forth new challenges. Hydrology and integrated water resources management (IWRM from the viewpoint of an engineering planner) do not exclude in their scopes the study of the impact of changes in global hydrology from societal actions and their feedback effects on the local/global hydrology. However, it is useful to have unique emphasis through specialized fields such as hydrosociology (including the society in planning water projects, from the viewpoint of the humanities) and sociohydrology (recognizing the large-scale impacts society has on hydrology, from the viewpoint of science). Global hydrological models have been developed for large-scale hydrology with few parameters to calibrate at local scale, and integrated assessment models have been developed for multiple sectors including water. It is important not to do these studies with a silo mindset, as problems in water and society require highly interdisciplinary skills, but flexibility and acceptance of diverse views will progress these studies and their usefulness to society. To deal with complexities in water and society, systems modeling is likely the only practical approach and is the viewpoint of researchers using coupled human–natural systems (CHNS) models. The focus and the novelty in this paper is to clarify some of these challenges faced in CHNS modeling, such as spatiotemporal scale variations, scaling issues, institutional issues, and suggestions for appropriate mathematical tools for dealing with these issues.

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7

Vieux, Baxter E. "Review of Mathematical Models of Large Watershed Hydrology by Vijay P. Singh and Donald K. Prevert." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 130, no. 1 (January 2004): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2004)130:1(89).

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8

Paz Pellat, Fernando, Jaime Garatuza Payán, Víctor Salas Aguilar, Alma Socorro Velázquez Rodríguez, and Martín Alejandro Bolaños González. "Budyko-Type Models and the Proportionality Hypothesis in Long-Term Water and Energy Balances." Water 14, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 3315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14203315.

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In the perspective of Darwinian hydrology, Budyko hypotheses can be the foundation of approaches for developing models. Numerous Budyko-type models meeting established boundary conditions (water and energy limits) have been developed based on the Budyko hypothesis on the long-term-average annual mass and energy balance. Some of these models are grounded on empirical bases, while others have been formulated on sophisticated mathematical developments. We analyze the basic hypotheses underlying some Budyko-type models; we first describe some published models and then examine their underlying hypotheses in a hydrologically intuitive space (precipitation versus runoff). The analyses show that the models studied are a consequence of assuming that two parallel straight lines (of unit slope) of different intercepts are indeed equal (proportionality hypothesis). This hypothesis gives rise to different Budyko-type models that, although mathematically correct and meeting the limits (partially) related to the Budyko hypotheses, do not yield any information about what happens between those limits. To overcome the extreme energy limit, an expolinear model is introduced.

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9

Rezaie-Balf, Mohammad, and Ozgur Kisi. "New formulation for forecasting streamflow: evolutionary polynomial regression vs. extreme learning machine." Hydrology Research 49, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 939–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2017.283.

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Abstract Streamflow forecasting is crucial in hydrology and hydraulic engineering since it is capable of optimizing water resource systems or planning future expansion. This study investigated the performances of three different soft computing methods, multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), optimally pruned extreme learning machine (OP-ELM), and evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) in forecasting daily streamflow. Data from three different stations, Soleyman Tange, Perorich Abad, and Ali Abad located on the Tajan River of Iran were used to estimate the daily streamflow. MLPNN model was employed to determine the optimal input combinations of each station implementing evaluation criteria. In both training and testing stages in the three stations, the results of comparison indicated that the EPR technique would generally perform more efficiently than MLPNN and OP-ELM models. EPR model represented the best performance to simulate the peak flow compared to MLPNN and OP-ELM models while the MLPNN provided significantly under/overestimations. EPR models which include explicit mathematical formulations are recommended for daily streamflow forecasting which is necessary in watershed hydrology management.

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10

Kinar, Nicholas J. "Introducing electronic circuits and hydrological models to postsecondary physical geography and environmental science students: systems science, circuit theory, construction, and calibration." Geoscience Communication 4, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-209-2021.

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Abstract. A classroom activity involving the construction, calibration, and testing of electronic circuits was introduced to an advanced hydrology class at the postsecondary level. Two circuits were constructed by students: (1) a water detection circuit and (2) a hybrid relative humidity (RH)/air temperature sensor and pyranometer. The circuits motivated concepts of systems science, modelling in hydrology, and model calibration. Students used the circuits to collect data useful for providing inputs to mathematical models of hydrological processes. Each student was given the opportunity to create a custom hydrological model within the context of the class. This is an example of constructivist teaching where students engage in the creation of meaningful knowledge, and the instructor serves as a facilitator to assist students in the achievement of a goal. Analysis of student-provided feedback showed that the circuit activity motivated, engaged, and facilitated learning. Students also found the activity to be a novel and enjoyable experience. The theory of circuit operation and calibration is provided along with a complete bill of materials (BOM) and design files for replication of this activity in other postsecondary classrooms. Student suggestions for improvement of the circuit activity are presented along with additional applications.

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Дисертації з теми "Hydrology Mathematical models"

1

Bailey, Mark A(Mark Alexander) 1970. "Improved techniques for the treatment of uncertainty in physically-based models of catchment water balance." Monash University, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8271.

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2

Mahanama, Sarith Prasad Panditha. "Distributed approach of coupling basin scale hydrology with atmospheric processes." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22088817.

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3

Washburne, James Clarke. "A distributed surface temperature and energy balance model of a semi-arid watershed." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186800.

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A simple model of surface and sub-surface soil temperature was developed at the watershed scale (-100 km²) in a semi-arid rangeland environment. The model consisted of a linear combination of air temperature and net radiation and assumed: (1) topography controls the spatial distribution of net radiation, (2) near-surface air temperature and incoming solar radiation are relatively homogeneous at the watershed scale and are available from ground stations and (3) soil moisture dominates transient soil thermal property variability. Multiplicative constants were defined to account for clear sky diffuse radiation, soil thermal inertia, an initially fixed ratio between soil heat flux and net radiation and exponential attenuation of solar radiation through a partial canopy. The surface temperature can optionally be adjusted for temperature and emissivity differences between mixed bare soil and vegetation canopies. Model development stressed physical simplicity and commonly available spatial and temporal data sets. Slowly varying surface characteristics, such as albedo, vegetation density and topography were derived from a series of Landsat TM images and a 7.5" USGS digital elevation model at a spatial resolution of 30 m. Diurnally variable atmospheric parameters were derived from a pair of ground meteorological stations using 30-60 min averages. One site was used to drive the model, the other served as a control to estimate model error. Data collected as part of the Monsoon '90 and WG '92 field experiments over the ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in SE Arizona were used to validate and test the model. Point, transect and spatially distributed values of modeled surface temperature were compared with synchronous ground, aircraft and satellite thermal measurements. There was little difference between ground and aircraft measurements of surface reflectance and temperature which makes aircraft transects the preferred method to "ground truth" satellite observations. Mid-morning modeled surface temperatures were within 2° C of observed values at all but satellite scales, where atmospheric water vapor corrections complicate the determination of accurate temperatures. The utility of satellite thermal measurements and models to study various ground phenomena (e.g. soil thermal inertia and surface energy balance) were investigated. Soil moisture anomalies were detectable, but were more likely associated with average near-surface soil moisture levels than individual storm footprints.

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4

Oliver, Marcel 1963. "Mathematical investigation of models of shallow water with a varying bottom." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191198.

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This dissertation is a mathematical investigation of the so-called lake and the great lake equations, which are shallow water equations that describe the long-time motion of an inviscid, incompressible fluid contained in a shallow basin with a slowly spatially varying bottom, a free upper surface and vertical side walls, under the influence of gravity and in the limit of small characteristic velocities and very small surface amplitude. It is shown that these equations are globally well-posed, i.e. that they possess unique global weak solutions that depend continuously on the initial data and on the bottom topography. Provided the initial data is in a class of sufficiently differentiable functions, it remains a member of that class for all times. In other words, the lake and great lake equations have global classical solutions. Moreover, if the equations are posed on a space-periodic domain and the initial data is real analytic, the solution remains real analytic for all times. The proof is based on a characterization of Gevrey classes in terms of decay of Fourier coefficients. Finally, a partial mathematical justification of the formal derivation of the lake equations is given. It is shown that solutions of the lake equation stay close to solutions of the rigid lid equations—the three dimensional Euler equations in the limit of small surface wave amplitude—in the following sense: For every error bound 6 there exists a time T = T(ε) such that for all times t ∈ [0, T] the difference between a solution to the lake equations and the solution to the rigid lid equation corresponding to the same initial data is less than E in a suitably chosen norm. Moreover, T tends to infinity as the aspect ratio of the basin tends to zero.

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5

Goodrich, David Charles. "Basin Scale and Runoff Model Complexity." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614028.

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Distributed Rainfall-Runoff models are gaining widespread acceptance; yet, a fundamental issue that must be addressed by all users of these models is definition of an acceptable level of watershed discretization (geometric model complexity). The level of geometric model complexity is a function of basin and climatic scales as well as the availability of input and verification data. Equilibrium discharge storage is employed to develop a quantitative methodology to define a level of geometric model complexity commensurate with a specified level of model performance. Equilibrium storage ratios are used to define the transition from overland to channel -dominated flow response. The methodology is tested on four subcatchments in the USDA -ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in Southeastern Arizona. The catchments cover a range of basins scales of over three orders of magnitude. This enabled a unique assessment of watershed response behavior as a function of basin scale. High quality, distributed, rainfall -runoff data was used to verify the model (KINEROSR). Excellent calibration and verification results provided confidence in subsequent model interpretations regarding watershed response behavior. An average elementary channel support area of roughly 15% of the total basin area is shown to provide a watershed discretization level that maintains model performance for basins ranging in size from 1.5 to 631 hectares. Detailed examination of infiltration, including the role and impacts of incorporating small scale infiltration variability in a distribution sense, into KINEROSR, over a range of soils and climatic scales was also addressed. The impacts of infiltration and channel losses on runoff response increase with increasing watershed scale as the relative influence of storms is diminished in a semiarid environment such as Walnut Gulch. In this semiarid environment, characterized by ephemeral streams, watershed runoff response does not become more linear with increasing watershed scale but appears to become more nonlinear.

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6

El, Didy Sherif Mohamed Ahmed 1951. "Two-dimensional finite element programs for water flow and water quality in multi-aquifer systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191110.

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Multiple aquifer systems similar to those that exist at coal gasification sites are complicated groundwater situations. In these types of systems, the aquifers are separated by aquitards through which interaction between aquifers can occur. The movement of the products of combustion into the coal seam and adjacent aquifers is a serious problem of interest. This dissertation presents two-dimensional finite element models for water flow and water quality in multiple aquifer systems. These models can be applied for general problems as well as the problems associated with the burned cavities in coal gasification sites. The Galerkin weightedresidual method is used in both models. Eight-noded isoparametric elements are used. Spatial numerical integration is performed using Gaussian quadrature. A weighted finite difference scheme is used, in both of them, for time integration. The two models are written in FORTRAN V for the CDC CYBER 175. They are applicable to one- or two-dimensional problems involving steady-state or transient flow. Each aquifer can have different initial conditions and boundary conditions. Boundary conditions, pumping rates, and the recharge can be specified as a function of time. The output of the flow program-nodal heads and velocity components is used as an input to the quality program. The numerical models were validated for simple problems that have available analytical solutions.

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7

Tang, Philip Kwok Fan. "Stochastic Hydrologic Modeling in Real Time Using a Deterministic Model (Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation Model), Time Series Model, and Kalman Filter." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4580.

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The basic concepts of hydrologic forecasting using the Streamflow Synthesis And Reservoir Regulation Model of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, auto-regressive-moving-average time series models (including Greens' functions, inverse functions, auto covariance Functions, and model estimation algorithm), and the Kalman filter (including state space modeling, system uncertainty, and filter algorithm), were explored. A computational experiment was conducted in which the Kalman filter was applied to update Mehama local basin model (Mehama is a 227 sq. miles watershed located on the North Santiam River near Salem, Oregon.), a typical SSARR basin model, to streamflow measurements as they became available in simulated real time. Among the candidate AR and ARMA models, an ARMA(l,l) time series model was selected as the best-fit model to represent the residual of the basin model. It was used to augment the streamflow forecasts created by the local basin model in simulated real time. Despite the limitations imposed by the quality of the moisture input forecast and the design and calibration of the basin model, the experiment shows that the new stochastic methods are effective in significantly improving the flood forecast accuracy of the SSARR model.

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8

Fonley, Morgan Rae. "Effects of oscillatory forcing on hydrologic systems under extreme conditions: a mathematical modeling approach." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2075.

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At the large watershed scale, we emphasize the effects of flow through a river network on streamflow under dry conditions. An immediate consequence of assuming dry conditions is that evapotranspiration causes flow in the river network to exhibit oscillations. When all links in the river network combine their flow patterns, the oscillations interact in ways that change the timing and amplitude of the streamflow waves at the watershed outlet. The geometric shape of the river network is particularly important, so we develop an analytic solution for streamflow which emphasizes that importance. Doing hydrology backward is a strategy recently developed by several researchers to deal with uncertainty in measurements of forcing terms applied to hydrologic models. The strategy has also been applied to resolve the assumption of homogeneity on realistic catchments that exhibit many heterogeneous properties. In this work, we demonstrate hydrology in the backward direction applied to two examples: using streamflow at the catchment scale to determine runoff at the hillslope scale and using the hillslope runoff to infer the applied evapotranspiration forcing under the assumption of dry conditions. In order to work across scales, we utilize the analytic solution for streamflow at the outlet of a river network. At the hillslope scale, we develop a soil model to create fluxes consistent with observed soil processes.

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9

Namde, Noubassem Nanas 1955. "Simulation of micro catchment water harvesting systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191121.

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A mathematical model for personal computers was prepared as a planning tool for development of micro catchment water harvesting systems. It computes runoff from natural or treated catchments, using estimated or actual parameters. The model also computes the water balance of the soil zone in the cultivated area and the water balance of the reservoir system which serves it. The model was calibrated with hydrolologic data and site characteristics for a location near Tucson, Arizona. Its prediction of cotton and grain sorghum yields was comparable to that of Morin (1977). An attempt was made to use weekly or monthly rainfall data for areas where daily data are unavailable. Lack of direct rainfall and runoff durations and infiltration characteristics made this attempt unsuccessful. This option cannot be used with the model in its current form.

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10

Henry, Eric James. "Contaminant induced flow effects in variably-saturated porous media." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191256.

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Dissolved organic contaminants that decrease the surface tension of water (surfactants) can have an effect on unsaturated flow through porous media due to the dependence of capillary pressure on surface tension. One and two-dimensional (1D, 2D) laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to study surfactant-induced unsaturated flow. The 1D experiments investigated differences in surfactant-induced flow as a function of contaminant mobility. The flow in a system contaminated with a high solubility, mobile surfactant, butanol, was much different than in a system contaminated with a sparingly soluble, relatively immobile surfactant, myristyl alcohol (MA). Because surface tension depression caused by MA was confined to the original source zone, the MA system was modeled using a standard unsaturated flow model (HYDRUS-1D) by assigning separate sets of hydraulic functions to the initially clean and source zones. To simulate the butanol system, HYDRUS-1D was modified to incorporate surfactant concentration-dependent changes to the moisture content-pressure head and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity functions. Following the 1D study, a two-dimensional flow cell (2.4 x 1.5 x 0.1 m) was used to investigate the infiltration of a surfactant contaminant plume from a point source on the soil surface, through the vadose zone, and toward a shallow aquifer. Above the top of the capillary fringe the advance of the surfactant solution caused a drainage front that radiated from the point source. Upon reaching the capillary fringe, the drainage front caused a localized depression of the capillary fringe and eventually a new capillary fringe height was established. Horizontal transport of surfactant in the depressed capillary fringe caused the propagation of a wedge-shaped drainage front in the downgradient direction. The numerical model HYDRUS-2D was modified to account for surfactant concentration-dependent effects on the unsaturated hydraulic functions and was successfully used to simulate the surfactant infiltration experiment. The extensive propagation of the drying front and the effect of vadose zone drainage on contaminant breakthrough time demonstrate the potential importance of considering surface tension effects on unsaturated flow and transport in systems containing surface-active organic contaminants or in systems where surfactants are used for remediation of the vadose zone or unconfined aquifers.

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Книги з теми "Hydrology Mathematical models"

1

Computer models of watershed hydrology. Highlands Ranch, Colorado: Water Resources Publications, 2012.

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2

Clarke, Robin T. Statistical modelling in hydrology. Chichester [England]: Wiley & Sons, 1994.

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3

1948-, Mizumura Kazumasa, ed. Suimongaku no sūri: Mathematics in hydrology. Tōkyō: Tōkyō Denki Daigaku Shuppankyoku, 2008.

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4

1948-, Mizumura Kazumasa, ed. Suimongaku no sūri: Mathematics in hydrology. Tōkyō: Tōkyō Denki Daigaku Shuppankyoku, 2008.

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5

Rushton, K. R. Groundwater Hydrology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2003.

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6

E, Meadows Michael, ed. Kinematic hydrology and modelling. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.

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7

Stochastic subsurface hydrology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1993.

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8

Lattermann, Alexander. System-theoretical modelling in surface water hydrology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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9

Lukes, Martin. Kalibrierung und Sensitivitätsanalyse eines Wasserhaushaltsmodells für Waldstandorte. Freiburg [Breisgau]: Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Abteilung Boden und Umwelt, 2006.

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10

P, Singh V. Hydrologic systems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Hydrology Mathematical models"

1

Chocat, Bernard. "Urban Hydrology Models." In Mathematical Models, 155–212. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557853.ch6.

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Fourmigué, Patrick, and Patrick Arnaud. "Reservoir Models in Hydrology." In Mathematical Models, 397–407. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557853.ch12.

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Remesan, Renji, and Dawei Han. "Evaluation of Mathematical Models with Utility Index: A Case Study from Hydrology." In Computational Intelligence Techniques in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 243–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8642-3_13.

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DeCoursey, Donn G. "Mathematical Models: Research Tools for Experimental Watersheds." In Recent Advances in the Modeling of Hydrologic Systems, 591–612. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3480-4_28.

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Amorocho, Jaime, and Baolin Wu. "Mathematical Models for the Simulation of Cyclonic Storm Sequences and Precipitation Fields." In Precipitation Analysis for Hydrologic Modeling, 210–25. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/sp004p0210.

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Gray, William G., and Michael A. Celia. "Incorporation of Interfacial Areas in Models of Two-Phase Flow." In Vadose Zone Hydrology. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109900.003.0006.

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The mathematical study of flow in porous media is typically based on the 1856 empirical result of Henri Darcy. This result, known as Darcy’s law, states that the velocity of a single-phase flow through a porous medium is proportional to the hydraulic gradient. The publication of Darcy’s work has been referred to as “the birth of groundwater hydrology as a quantitative science” (Freeze and Cherry, 1979). Although Darcy’s original equation was found to be valid for slow, steady, one-dimensional, single-phase flow through a homogeneous and isotropic sand, it has been applied in the succeeding 140 years to complex transient flows that involve multiple phases in heterogeneous media. To attain this generality, a modification has been made to the original formula, such that the constant of proportionality between flow and hydraulic gradient is allowed to be a spatially varying function of the system properties. The extended version of Darcy’s law is expressed in the following form: qα=-Kα . Jα (2.1) where qα is the volumetric flow rate per unit area vector of the α-phase fluid, Kα is the hydraulic conductivity tensor of the α-phase and is a function of the viscosity and saturation of the α-phase and of the solid matrix, and Jα is the vector hydraulic gradient that drives the flow. The quantities Jα and Kα account for pressure and gravitational effects as well as the interactions that occur between adjacent phases. Although this generalization is occasionally criticized for its shortcomings, equation (2.1) is considered today to be a fundamental principle in analysis of porous media flows (e.g., McWhorter and Sunada, 1977). If, indeed, Darcy’s experimental result is the birth of quantitative hydrology, a need still remains to build quantitative analysis of porous media flow on a strong theoretical foundation. The problem of unsaturated flow of water has been attacked using experimental and theoretical tools since the early part of this century. Sposito (1986) attributes the beginnings of the study of soil water flow as a subdiscipline of physics to the fundamental work of Buckingham (1907), which uses a saturation-dependent hydraulic conductivity and a capillary potential for the hydraulic gradient.

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Brusseau, Mark L. "Non ideal Transport of Reactive Solutes in Porous Media : Cutting Across History and Disciplines." In Vadose Zone Hydrology. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109900.003.0009.

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The potential for human activities to adversely affect the environment has become of increasing concern during the past three decades. As a result, the transport and fate of contaminants in subsurface systems has become one of the major research areas in the environmental/hydrological/earth sciences. An understanding of how contaminants move in the subsurface is required to address problems of characterizing and remediating soil and groundwater contaminated by chemicals associated with industrial and commercial operations, waste-disposal facilities, and agricultural production. Furthermore, such knowledge is needed for accurate risk assessments; for example, to evaluate the probability that contaminants associated with a chemical spill will reach an aquifer. Just as importantly, knowledge of contaminant transport and fate is necessary to design “pollution-prevention” strategies. A tremendous amount of research on the transport of solutes in porous media has been generated by several disciplines, including analytical chemistry (chromatography), chemical engineering, civil/environmental engineering, geology, hydrology, petroleum engineering, and soil science. This research includes the results of theoretical studies designed to pose and evaluate hypotheses, the results of experiments designed to test hypotheses and investigate processes, and the development and application of mathematical models useful for integrating theoretical and experimental results and for evaluating complex systems. While much of the previous research has focused on transport of nonreactive solutes, it is the transport of “reactive” solutes that is currently receiving increased attention. Reactive solutes are those subject to phase-transfer processes (e.g., sorption, precipitation/dissolution) and transformation reactions (e.g., biodegradalion). Of special interest in the field of contaminant transport is so-called nonideal transport. In the most general sense, nonideal transport can be described as transport behavior that deviates from the behavior that is predicted using a given set of assumptions. A homogeneous porous medium and linear, instantaneous phase transfers and transformation reactions are the most basic set of assumptions for ideal solute transport in porous media. As discussed in a recent review, transport of reactive contaminants is often nonideal (Brusseau, 1994). The potential causes of nonideal transport include rate-limited and nonlinear mass transfer and transformation reactions, as well as spatial (and temporal) variability of material properties.

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Van Genuchten, M. Th, and E. A. Sudicky. "Recent Advances in Vadose Zone Flow and Transport Modeling." In Vadose Zone Hydrology. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109900.003.0010.

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The fate and transport of a variety of chemicals migrating from industrial and municipal waste disposal sites, or applied to agricultural lands, is increasingly becoming a concern. Once released into the subsurface, these chemicals arc subject to a large number of simultaneous physical, chemical, and biological processes, including sorption-desorption, volatilization, and degradation. Depending upon the type of organic chemical involved, transport may also be subject to multiphase flow that involves partitioning of the chemical between different fluid phases. Many models of varying degree of complexity and dimensionality have been developed during the past several decades to quantify the basic physicochemical processes affecting transport in the unsaturated zone. Models for variably saturated water flow, solute transport, aqueous chemistry, and cation exchange were initially developed mostly independently of each other, and only recently has there been a significant effort to couple the different processes involved. Also, most solute transport models in the past considered only one solute. For example, the processes of adsorption- desorption and cation exchange were often accounted for by using relatively simple linear or nonlinear Freundlich isotherms such that all reactions between the solid and liquid phases were forced to be lumped into a single distribution coefficient, and possibly a nonlinear exponent. Other processes such as precipitation-dissolution, biodegradation, volatilization, or radioactive decay were generally simulated by means of simple first- and/or zero-order rate processes. These simplifying approaches were needed to keep the mathematics relatively simple in view of the limitations of previously available computers. The problem of coupling models for water flow and solute transport with multicomponent chemical equilibrium and nonequilibrium models is now increasingly being addressed, facilitated by the introduction of more powerful computers, development of more advanced numerical techniques, and improved understanding of the underlying transport processes. One major frustrating issue facing soil scientists and hydrologists in dealing with the unsaturated zone, both in terms of modeling and experimentation, is the overwhelming heterogeneity of the subsurface environment.

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"Measures of model performance, uncertainty and stochastic modelling." In Understanding Mathematical and Statistical Techniques in Hydrology, 71–85. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119077985.ch6.

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"REFERENCES l.Jovanovic,D.& Jovanovic,S.& Ocokolic,M.(1985) Hydrological analyses of and mean waters for hydrologically nonstudied watershed areas. IV Symposium of Yugoslav Association of Hydrology· Bled. (in Serbocroatian) 2 Probaska,S.& Petkovic,T .& Simonovic,S.(1979) Mathematical model for spatial interpolation ofhydrometeorological Report No 64, Institute for." In Hydraulic Engineering Software IV, 361. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286809-127.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Hydrology Mathematical models"

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Voronin, Alexander, Mikhail Kharitonov, Anna Vasilchenko, and Konstantin Dubinko. "Control Model of Hydrologic Safety of Inundated Territories." In 2020 2nd International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/summa50634.2020.9280670.

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Voronin, Alexander, Mikhail Kharitonov, Anna Vasilchenko, and Inessa Isaeva. "Control Model for Hydrologic Safety of Flooded Territories." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/summa53307.2021.9632213.

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Egderly, J. L., L. A. Roesner, C. A. Rohrer, and J. A. Gironás. "Quantifying Urban-induced Flow Regime Alteration and Evaluating Mitigation Alternatives Using Mathematical Models and Hydrologic Metrics." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)425.

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Yang, Jia, Ranran Cao, and Wei Bai. "The Research on the Interception Engineering Layout of Active Intercepting and Guiding in Water Intake Open Channel of Nuclear Power Plant." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92760.

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Abstract At present, most intercepting facilities in water intake open channel of nuclear power plant are passive. Moreover, the correlation between the layout of intercepting facilities and hydraulic conditions of water intake open channel is not considered. Hence, the layout of intercepting facilities is unreasonable. The cooling water intake system of nuclear power plants faces risks. In this paper, The flow field characteristics of water intake open channel under typical sea hydrologic conditions were studied. Then, the migration path and aggregation rule of floating or suspended objects are simulated along with the flow. The blockages-removal effect of floats and marine organisms are studied after different intercepting engineering measures are carried out in water intake open channel. The technical route combining mathematical model and physical model test is adopted. Finally, the principle and scheme of the interception engineering layout of active intercepting and guiding are proposed. The optimized interception engineering layout can effectively guide suspended or floating blockages to the outside of water intake, or guide blockages in water intake open channel to the area without disaster risks, where the blockages are also easy to be salvaged. It can significantly reduce the large quantity of blockages into the cooling water intake system, which will also reduce the blockage loads for all intercepting facilities. Thereby, the defense capability of nuclear power plant cold source system against potential water intake blockages is greatly improved.

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