Готові списки джерел за темами / Human ecology

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Human ecology"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 31 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Human ecology"

Konstańczak, Stefan. "Human ecology." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2006): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2006.4.1.01.

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Environmental problems do have a universal dimension: they concern entire humanity as well as each human being individually, therefore, a new ecology needs to be developed in which man will play a principal role being a focal point of the study, its creator and executor of its assumptions, the discipline thus understood is one of the aspects of general ecology for it studies relationships between man as a species and its environment, the author believes that, regardless of the standpoint that representatives of various sciences may take, the future of our species depends on the interdisciplinary approach toward the questions that are subject to human ecology studies.

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Flannery, Maura C. "Human Ecology." American Biology Teacher 56, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4449808.

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Max-Neef, Manfred. "Human ecology, human economy." Ecological Economics 40, no. 2 (February 2002): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8009(01)00260-9.

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Szpoton, Szczepan. "Environmental Ecology versus Human Ecology." Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v47i3.948.

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A collation of environmental ecology with human ecology was the essence of the article. The field of the research included the topics: blending the range of care for ecosystem with the responsibility for our own human nature; presenting a connection between sexuality and procreation concentrated on the gift of marital unity yet protecting the dignity of human procreation; pointing at the areas of human life where the “ecological conversion” takes place.

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Catton, William R. "Foundations of Human Ecology." Sociological Perspectives 37, no. 1 (March 1994): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389410.

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As with other sciences, ecology's conceptual foundations emerged long after its origin. Clarification of these foundations should enable human ecology to provide understanding of the fact that industrial civilization causes ecosystem breakdowns. Arthur Tansley's reasons for superseding the community concept and coining the term “ecosystem” need to be known. Sociologists have widely misunderstood the term. Their “ecological complex” is not synonymous with it. Tinkering with ensuing lists of variables can be highly misleading. Human ecology should be the study of whatever ecosystems involve humans. Until we put behind us the unnerving impact of inappropriate criticism, rejoin bioecology enough to get over thinking of succession as invader-driven, and recognize seral stages for what they are, sociologists will fail to comprehend the ineluctable difference between industrialism and ecological climax. Available literature can facilitate sociologists' necessary retooling.

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Souza, Larissa Fernanda De Alencar, and Juracy Marques dos Santos. "Entre os Direitos Culturais e a Ecologia Humana / Between Cultural Rights And Human Ecology." ID on line. Revista de psicologia 15, no. 57 (October 31, 2021): 828–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v15i57.3258.

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Resumo: O trabalho em epígrafe visa discutir as relações que se estendem entre os direitos culturais e a Ecologia Humana. De forma bibliográfica e analítica, apresentamos o percurso que leva da definição de cultura aos direitos culturais. Dentro dessa discussão, analisamos a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos como primeiro passo de promoção dos direitos culturais, importante para aprofundamento da discussão e extensão no devido debate. Num segundo momento, destacam-se os direitos culturais e políticas públicas culturais no Brasil, apresentando um histórico que passa pela constituição a aplicação de direitos culturais por meio das políticas públicas desenvolvidas. Por conseguinte, se discute a Ecologia humana em seu âmbito de Ecologia Cultural, em favor de analisar a importância de direitos culturais dentro desta matéria. Com base na Declaração de Friburgo, documento internacional que versa sobre a aplicação de direitos culturais, essa análise se dará através de 3 aspectos: a autodeterminação dos povos, o direito a identidade e patrimônio cultural, e os princípios de governança democrática. Assim, compreendemos que a ecologia humana cultural e os direitos culturais possuem uma relação mútua e interdependente para alcançar seus objetivos. Palavras-chave: Ecologia Cultural; Direitos Humanos; Autodeterminação dos Povos; Governança Democrática. Abstract: The above work aims to discuss the relationships that extend between cultural rights and Human Ecology. In a bibliographical and analytical way, we present the path that leads from the definition of culture to cultural rights. Within this discussion, we analyze the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a first step in promoting cultural rights, which is important for deepening the discussion and extending the due debate. In a second moment, cultural rights and cultural public policies in Brazil stand out, presenting a history that goes through the constitution and application of cultural rights through the developed public policies. Therefore, human ecology is discussed in its scope of cultural ecology, in favor of analyzing the importance of cultural rights within this matter. Based on the Friborg Declaration, an international document that deals with the application of cultural rights, this analysis will be carried out through 3 aspects: the self-determination of peoples, the right to identity and cultural heritage, and the principles of democratic governance. Thus, we understand that cultural human ecology and cultural rights have a mutual and interdependent relationship to achieve their goals. Keywords: Cultural Ecology; Human Rights; Self-determination of People; Democratic Governance.

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Borden, Rich. "Human Ecology Section." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 89, no. 4 (October 2008): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2008)89[365a:hes]2.0.co;2.

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West, S. A., and M. N. Burton-Chellew. "Human behavioral ecology." Behavioral Ecology 24, no. 5 (January 22, 2013): 1043–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars229.

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Cronk, Lee. "Human Behavioral Ecology." Annual Review of Anthropology 20, no. 1 (October 1991): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.20.100191.000325.

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Steiner, Frederick. "Urban human ecology." Urban Ecosystems 7, no. 3 (September 2004): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ueco.0000044035.22316.d1.

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Дисертації з теми "Human ecology"

Correia, Vera Cristina Oliveira. "Do pensar geral ao agir local: a actuação do pólo de educação ambiental de Odemira numa perspectiva de ecologia humana." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16240.

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O presente trabalho procura, através da Ecologia Humana, fazer algumas reflexões sobre a relação Homem - Meio e a importância da educação ambiental, nomeadamente através da atuação do Pólo, no seu primeiro ano de funcionamento. Este é um projeto da responsabilidade do Município de Odemira, que contou com apoio do governo, para implementar nesta região, um sistema integrado de educação ambiental ativa. Neste sentido, depois de compreender as camadas ecológicas que circundam a população desta região, estudou-se o desempenho deste projeto, aplicou-se um questionário aos seus principais intervenientes, estabelecimentos do pré-escolar e 1° ciclo do concelho de Odemira. Verificando-se que este teve uma boa atuação, considera-se um bom exemplo a seguir pelas autarquias do nosso país. /ABSTRACT - The present paper attempts to, through Human Ecology, make not only some reflexions on the Man Nature relationship, but also to reflect on the importance of Environmental Education, using the example of the Polo de Educação Ambiental de Odemira, during its first year of existence. This is a project that was initiated by the Municipio de Odemira, and that had the support of the Portuguese Government, in order to implement, in this region, an active and integrated system of environmental education. In order to achieve this goal, it was important to understand the ecological layers that surround this region’s population, through the use of an enquiry by questionnaire, applied to its main interveners, members of kindergarten and primary schools. We could verify that this Polo played a good role and it is a good example to follow by all the public authorities in this country.

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Currie, T. E. "The evolutionary ecology of human groups." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17272/.

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I argue that thinking about human cultures as similar to biological species is a productive way to investigate human cultural diversity. I apply theory and methods from evolutionary biology to tackle questions about the evolution of human political organisation and the diversity of ethnolinguistic groups. Phylogenetic comparative methods developed in biology have been applied to cultural systems. The use of such methods has been criticized because of the ability of cultural traits to be transmitted horizontally. I conducted simulations that revealed that under realistic scenarios horizontal transmission does not increase the chances of inferring false relationships between cultural traits in phylogenetic co-evolutionary analyses. Debates rage as to whether or not there have been regularities across cultures in the pattern and process of the evolution of human political organization. I used linguistic and ethnographic data from a sample of Austronesian-speaking societies and employed a phylogenetic comparative method to test different models of the evolution of political complexity. The data support the hypothesis that societies pass through stages of political organization in a particular order in the direction of increasing complexity. Decreases in complexity are also possible but may not follow a regular sequence. There is no evidence that the increase in political complexity over time in Austronesian societies is the result of a driving force. I also used phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate the coevolution of intensive agriculture and political organization. I found that in Austronesian societies changes to complex chiefdoms and states are less likely unless agriculture has first been intensified. As with biological species there is a latitudinal gradient in the diversity human ethnolinguistic groups. I constructed a database that integrates language, ethnographic, and environmental data to test various hypotheses concerning the present day distribution of ethnolinguistic groups. Political complexity was found to be an important predictor of the area a language covers.

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Marshall, Joanna. "The microbial ecology of the human foot." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328884.

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Mishina, O. "Ecology and law: the human rights case." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11698.

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Shaw, L. P. "The microbial ecology of human-associated bacterial communities." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10046977/.

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The bacterial communities within the human body have important associations with health and disease. Understanding their complexity requires ecological approaches. In this thesis, I apply ecological techniques and models to explore the microbial ecology of human-associated bacterial communities at multiple scales. In the first half of this thesis, I explore the oral microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data to characterise the effect of various factors on its diversity. Multiple factors apart from disease can also affect the oral microbiome, but their relative importance remains a matter of debate. In Chapter 2, I use a dataset of saliva samples from a family of related Ashkenazi Jewish individuals to show that host genetics plays much less of a role than shared household in explaining bacterial community composition. In Chapter 3, I use a large dataset of plaque samples from women in Malawi to investigate associations between bacterial taxa and periodontal disease. I show that the signals from gingivitis and periodontitis can be distinguished, and use correlation networks to identify important taxa for the development of disease. The second half of this thesis deals with the effect of antibiotics on the human microbiome. I demonstrate new approaches at two extremes of scale: abstracting the gut microbiome to a single metric, and also investigating the worldwide distribution and diversity of a single resistance gene. In Chapter 4, I develop a new and simple mathematical model of the gut microbiome's response to antibiotic perturbation and fit it to empirical data, showing that in some individuals the gut microbiome appears to return to an alternative stable state, raising questions about the long-term impact of antibiotics on previously healthy bacterial communities. Antibiotic use also selects for resistance, which is a growing concern, particularly as resistance can be transmitted horizontally on mobile genetic elements. In Chapter 5, I describe a global dataset of isolates containing the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and use the diversity present within a composite transposon alignment to explore its distribution and spread across multiple bacterial communities.

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Rounsefell, Vanda Barbara. "From egocity to ecocity : an ecological, complex systems approach to humans and their settlements." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr8595.pdf.

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Smillie, Christopher Scott. "Computational insights into the ecology of the human microbiota." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103273.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computational and Systems Biology Program, February 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-110).
The vast community of microbes that inhabit the human body, the human microbiota, is important to human health and disease. These microbes contribute to human metabolism, the development of the immune system and pathogen resistance, while imbalances among them have been associated with several diseases. In this work, I develop computational methods to gain key insights into the ecological principles that shape these communities. In the first chapter, I develop an evolutionary rate heuristic that leads to the discovery of a massive network of recently exchanged genes, connecting diverse bacteria throughout the human microbiota. Using this network, I examine the roles of phylogenetic distance, geographic proximity and ecological overlap in shaping rates of horizontal gene transfer. Of these factors, ecological similarity is the principal force shaping gene exchange. In the second chapter, I focus on the microbial communities within a person, identifying the factors that affect the stability of the human microbiota. Alpha-diversity is strongly correlated with stability, but the direction of this correlation changes depending on the body site or subject being examined. In contrast, beta-diversity is consistently negatively correlated to stability. I show that a simple equilibrium model explains these results and accurately predicts the correlation between diversity and stability in every body site, thus reconciling these seemingly contradictory relationships into a single model. In the final chapter, I explore the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to treat recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. I develop a new method to infer the genotypes and frequencies of bacterial strains in metagenomics samples. I apply this method to a dataset covering twenty patients before and after FMT, uncovering key ecological rules that govern the colonization and growth of bacteria in human subjects after FMT.
by Christopher Scott Smillie.
Ph. D.

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Green, Brian E. "Sharing Water: A Human Ecological Analysis of the Causes of Conflict and Cooperation Between Nations Over Freshwater Resources." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1039201377.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 159 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Kazimierz M. Slomczynski, Dept. of Sociology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-159).

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Gulia, Colonel Kuldip Singh. "Human ecology of Sikkim:a case study of upper Rangit Basin." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/120.

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Henry, Kenneth Donald. "Loving the earth introducing reformed Christian eco-spirituality to adults /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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Книги з теми "Human ecology"

Steiner, Frederick. Human Ecology. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-778-0.

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Bates, Daniel G., and Judith Tucker, eds. Human Ecology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5701-6.

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Steiner, Dieter. Human Ecology. London: Taylor & Francis Inc, 2003.

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Rusong, Wang, Zhao Jingzhu, and Ouyang Zhiyun, eds. Human systems ecology. Beijing: China Science & Technology Press, 1991.

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J, Hill M., and Marsh Philip, eds. Human microbial ecology. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1990.

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R, Miller Julia, ed. Encyclopedia of human ecology. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2003.

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D, Wright Scott, ed. Human ecology: Crossing boundaries. Fort Collins, CO: Society for Human Ecology, 1993.

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J, Bogue Donald, ed. Essays in human ecology. Chicago: Social Development Center, 1999.

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E, Brown Daniel, ed. Fundamentals of human ecology. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1998.

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Netting, Robert McC. Cultural ecology. 2nd ed. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland Press, 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Human ecology"

Hamilton, Marcus J., Oskar Burger, and Robert S. Walker. "Human ecology." In Metabolic Ecology, 248–57. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119968535.ch20.

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Prentiss, Anna Marie. "Human Ecology." In Handbook of Evolutionary Research in Archaeology, 217–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11117-5_11.

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Dyball, Robert, and Barry Newell. "Human ecology." In Understanding Human Ecology, 6–13. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429283215-3.

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Dempsey, Jessica, and Juanita Sundberg. "Political ecology." In Introducing Human Geographies, 586–99. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265853-51.

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Bates, Daniel G., and Judith Tucker. "Introduction." In Human Ecology, 1–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5701-6_1.

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Yasuoka, Hirokazu. "The Wild Yam Question: Evidence from Baka Foraging in the Northwest Congo Basin." In Human Ecology, 143–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5701-6_10.

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Boyd, David J. "Life Without Pigs: Decisions, Community Action, and Subsistence Changes Among the Irakia Awa, Papua New Guinea." In Human Ecology, 155–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5701-6_11.

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Pedersen, Jon, and Tor A. Benjaminsen. "Food Security and Pastoralism in the Northern Sahel." In Human Ecology, 173–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5701-6_12.

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Hunt, Robert C. "Labor Productivity and Agricultural Development: Testing Boserup." In Human Ecology, 195–211. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5701-6_13.

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Crate, Susan. "Following Netting: The Cultural Ecology of Viliui Sakha Households in Post-Soviet Siberia." In Human Ecology, 213–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5701-6_14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Human ecology"

Barkova, Eleonora, Zoya Bezveselnaya, Nataliya Mamedova, Bogdan Vasyakin, and Irina Yablochkina. "Human ecology in the context of urban space ecology." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIER OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0125352.

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Kavinova, Irina. "Human Ecology — Between Idleness and Labour." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cesses-18.2018.176.

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Zhao, Xuan, Cliff Lampe, and Nicole B. Ellison. "The Social Media Ecology." In CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858333.

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Vella, Kellie, Jessica L. Oliver, Tshering Dema, Margot Brereton, and Paul Roe. "Ecology Meets Computer Science." In CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376663.

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Jacobs, Daniel. "Wild Life: Institute for Hybrid Ecology." In 110th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.110.42.

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Typical definitions of the term “wild” are often negative in structure: wild animals are undomesticated or untamed, plants are uncultivated, spaces and landscapes are uninhabited, and people are ungoverned. Embedded in the very structure of language, the wild or the “natural” order of the world is set in opposition to human habitation. Nature is wild, while human nature is cultured, civilized, ordered, controlled. This binary view of human versus nature is overly reductive and destructive because it positions humans outside of, and detached from, nature [1]. This detachment allows humans to argue that the appropriation, extraction, and exploitation of natural resources, other species, and people is reasonable and inevitable, justifying actions that lead to ecosystem collapse and environmental injustice [2].

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Zolotukhin, S., and Anna Ilunina. "THE INFLUENCE OF AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC ON THE ECOLOGY." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_60-62.

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The article deals with the use of automobiles as one of the most important reasons of intoxication of environment. The damage to ecology consists in the toxic property of the waste and noise. The factors of climatic changes and classification of human diseases due to chemical pollution of automobile transport are being analyzed. Several innovations developed to optimize the data of ecologic damage of traffic are proposed.

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Arpentieva, M. R., T. A. Akhmetova, F. D. Pertiwi, D. B. Sansyzbayeva, and G. K. Kassymova. "To the Problem of Ecology of Understanding Human Being by Human." In Challenges of Science. Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022.02.

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There are several approaches to considering the concept of environmental friendliness of psychological impact, among which the dialogical one should be especially highlighted. Dialogue as a way of “co-being” and “being-human”, acts as a natural form and method of psychological influence and help, specifying the peculiarities of understanding the client in a situation of psychological counseling, the collapse of the atmosphere of dialogue means failure to be oneself and the loss of the possibility of inter-human contact. A meaningful indicator of professional understanding in psychological counseling is understanding strategies as ways of forming meaning that lies in the approaches to understanding themselves. Environmental friendliness of understanding presupposes understanding that is born in dialogue, "co-existence", "fundamentally responsive", characterized by "direct contact" with the inner world of another, reflecting the process of experiencing his / her otherness, its capabilities, necessity, and productivity, the presence of a need for understanding, functions, and factors of understanding. It is important to understand that in addition to the values and goals of those communicating, understanding and transitioning to his / her new strategy is possible if a human has the desire to look and understand, it is determined in the event of the response.

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Saad-Sulonen, Joanna. "eParticipation as an information ecology." In the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952309.

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Mahdavi, Ardeshir. "Human Ecology and Building Science: A Necessary Synthesis." In First International Symposium on Sustainable Human–Building Ecosystems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479681.001.

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Quintana, Rafael. "The Ecology of Human Behavior: A Network Perspective." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1686378.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Human ecology"

Passell, Howard David, Leonard A. Malczynski, Marissa Devan Reno, and Daniel L. Villa. Human ecology, resilience, and security in 2030. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1059465.

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White, G. J. Microbial ecology of terrestrial Antarctica: Are microbial systems at risk from human activities? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/379946.

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Prather, Hannah. Examination of Human Impacts on the Biodiversity and Ecology of Lichen and Moss Communities. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5507.

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Leslie, Katie L., Rachel L. Welicky, Maureen A. Williams, and Chelsea L. Wood. Parasite Biodiversity. American Museum of Natural History, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0150.

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In this module, students have the opportunity to discover the hidden world of parasites: they will come face to face with living parasites, learn about what differentiates parasites from free-living species, observe some common adaptations to a parasitic lifestyle, explore the ecological role of parasites in food webs, and assess how parasite abundance might change in a changing world. To accomplish these goals, this module includes an introductory PowerPoint presentation (including a video of parasite ecologist Dr. Chelsea L. Wood delivering this introductory lecture) and two exercises. The first exercise is a wet lab that involves dissecting an easy (and disturbing) source of live parasite material: fresh fish from your local seafood market. The second exercise is a computer lab that will allow students to engage with real data to answer the question: how do human impacts on ecosystems change the abundance of parasites in wildlife? This module will introduce students to the basics of parasite ecology and provide an opportunity to practice their data analysis and interpretation skills.

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Wolff, Patrick, Brett DeGregorio, and Aaron Rice. Demonstration of subsurface passive acoustic monitoring (SPAM) to survey for and estimate populations of imperiled underwater-calling frogs. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42386.

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The management and recovery of threatened and endangered amphibians on Department of Defense (DoD) lands relies on an understanding of their distribution and abundance. Fortunately, most anuran species can be surveyed acoustically using vocalizations during the breeding season. This work demonstrated the use of subsurface passive acoustic monitoring (SPAM) to survey for rare underwater-calling, at-risk anuran species on DoD installations. We evaluated the performance of SPAM relative to traditional passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) (microphone) and human manual calling survey (MCS) methods. Results showed that SPAM outperformed PAM and MCS in validation experiments where calls were generated underwater; SPAM was less successful than PAM and MCS in the field demonstration. Most leopard frog calls were apparently produced in air despite previous reports of extensive underwater-calling behavior. This project highlights how acoustic information can help address a data gap in the ecology of at-risk species, which can help refine future survey methodology and management efforts. Ultimately, the utility of SPAM for underwater-calling species will depend on the focal species, the landscape where it occurs, and technological considerations available to the surveyor. SPAM is more expensive than traditional methods but, in some situations, may be the only way to effectively detect species.

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Marqués Pascual, J., and DF López Jiménez. Bases teóricas de la Ecología Humana de la Comunicación. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/cil2016-096.

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Amelia Reddish, Amelia Reddish. The impact of humane roost exclusion on the roosting ecology and home range size of the white bellied free tailed bat. Experiment, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/10831.

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Collins, Andrew, Tara Cornelisse, Suzanne Macey, and Mark Weckel. Community Buzz: Conservation of Trees and Native Bees in Urban Areas. American Museum of Natural History, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0146.

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The world is increasingly urbanized and yet, even in urban areas, humans remain dependent on the ecosystem services that nature provides. This case study-exercise explores selected aspects of the dynamic between humans and urban ecology in three parts. First, we briefly discuss urban ecosystems and the context of biodiversity conservation in urban areas. Then, through a case study of the Million Trees program in New York City, we provide evidence and start a discussion about the possible benefits—as well as potential negative social, ecological, and economic consequences—of urban trees. And finally, we introduce biodiversity conservation in urban green spaces through an exercise on native bees. After reading about the importance of, and threats to, native bees, students take on stakeholder roles to decide if their neighborhood should accept a grant to create and maintain bee habitat in an urban park. Students are tasked with conducting additional research and participating in a classroom town hall meeting to present and support their argument for or against the creation of native bee habitat.

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Anderson, Donald M., Lorraine C. Backer, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Holly A. Bowers, V. Monica Bricelj, Lesley D’Anglada, Jonathan Deeds, et al. Harmful Algal Research & Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS), 2024-2034. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/69773.

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Harmful and toxic algal blooms (HABs) are a well-established and severe threat to human health, economies, and marine and freshwater ecosystems on all coasts of the United States and its inland waters. HABs can comprise microalgae, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae (seaweeds). Their impacts, intensity, and geographic range have increased over past decades due to both human-induced and natural changes. In this report, HABs refers to both marine algal and freshwater cyanobacterial events. This Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS) 2024-2034 plan builds on major accomplishments from past efforts, provides a state of the science update since the previous decadal HARRNESS plan (2005-2015), identifies key information gaps, and presents forward-thinking solutions. Major achievements on many fronts since the last HARRNESS are detailed in this report. They include improved understanding of bloom dynamics of large-scale regional HABs such as those of Pseudo-nitzschia on the west coast, Alexandrium on the east coast, Karenia brevis on the west Florida shelf, and Microcystis in Lake Erie, and advances in HAB sensor technology, allowing deployment on fixed and mobile platforms for long-term, continuous, remote HAB cell and toxin observations. New HABs and impacts have emerged. Freshwater HABs now occur in many inland waterways and their public health impacts through drinking and recreational water contamination have been characterized and new monitoring efforts have been initiated. Freshwater HAB toxins are finding their way into marine environments and contaminating seafood with unknown consequences. Blooms of Dinophysis spp., which can cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, have appeared around the US coast, but the causes are not understood. Similarly, blooms of fish- and shellfish-killing HABs are occurring in many regions and are especially threatening to aquaculture. The science, management, and decision-making necessary to manage the threat of HABs continue to involve a multidisciplinary group of scientists, managers, and agencies at various levels. The initial HARRNESS framework and the resulting National HAB Committee (NHC) have proven effective means to coordinate the academic, management, and stakeholder communities interested in national HAB issues and provide these entities with a collective voice, in part through this updated HARRNESS report. Congress and the Executive Branch have supported most of the advances achieved under HARRNESS (2005-2015) and continue to make HABs a priority. Congress has reauthorized the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act (HABHRCA) multiple times and continues to authorize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to fund and conduct HAB research and response, has given new roles to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and required an Interagency Working Group on HABHRCA (IWG HABHRCA). These efforts have been instrumental in coordinating HAB responses by federal and state agencies. Initial appropriations for NOAA HAB research and response decreased after 2005, but have increased substantially in the last few years, leading to many advances in HAB management in marine coastal and Great Lakes regions. With no specific funding for HABs, the US EPA has provided funding to states through existing laws, such as the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and to members of the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, to assist states and tribes in addressing issues related to HAB toxins and hypoxia. The US EPA has also worked towards fulfilling its mandate by providing tools and resources to states, territories, and local governments to help manage HABs and cyanotoxins, to effectively communicate the risks of cyanotoxins and to assist public water systems and water managers to manage HABs. These tools and resources include documents to assist with adopting recommended recreational criteria and/or swimming advisories, recommendations for public water systems to choose to apply health advisories for cyanotoxins, risk communication templates, videos and toolkits, monitoring guidance, and drinking water treatment optimization documents. Beginning in 2018, Congress has directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop a HAB research initiative to deliver scalable HAB prevention, detection, and management technologies intended to reduce the frequency and severity of HAB impacts to our Nation’s freshwater resources. Since the initial HARRNESS report, other federal agencies have become increasingly engaged in addressing HABs, a trend likely to continue given the evolution of regulations(e.g., US EPA drinking water health advisories and recreational water quality criteria for two cyanotoxins), and new understanding of risks associated with freshwater HABs. The NSF/NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program has contributed substantially to our understanding of HABs. The US Geological Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Aeronautics Space Administration also contribute to HAB-related activities. In the preparation of this report, input was sought early on from a wide range of stakeholders, including participants from academia, industry, and government. The aim of this interdisciplinary effort is to provide summary information that will guide future research and management of HABs and inform policy development at the agency and congressional levels. As a result of this information gathering effort, four major HAB focus/programmatic areas were identified: 1) Observing systems, modeling, and forecasting; 2) Detection and ecological impacts, including genetics and bloom ecology; 3) HAB management including prevention, control, and mitigation, and 4) Human dimensions, including public health, socio-economics, outreach, and education. Focus groups were tasked with addressing a) our current understanding based on advances since HARRNESS 2005-2015, b) identification of critical information gaps and opportunities, and c) proposed recommendations for the future. The vision statement for HARRNESS 2024-2034 has been updated, as follows: “Over the next decade, in the context of global climate change projections, HARRNESS will define the magnitude, scope, and diversity of the HAB problem in US marine, brackish and freshwaters; strengthen coordination among agencies, stakeholders, and partners; advance the development of effective research and management solutions; and build resilience to address the broad range of US HAB problems impacting vulnerable communities and ecosystems.” This will guide federal, state, local and tribal agencies and nations, researchers, industry, and other organizations over the next decade to collectively work to address HAB problems in the United States.

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JCPP Editorial: Volume 64, Issue 09, September 2023. ACAMH, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.25048.

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