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Статті в журналах з теми "Human behaviour":
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Singh, Debashis. "Human behaviour." BMJ 319, Suppl S4 (October 1, 1999): 9910385b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.9910385b.
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Fuentes, Agustin. "Human niche, human behaviour, human nature." Interface Focus 7, no. 5 (August 18, 2017): 20160136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0136.
Анотація:
The concept of a ‘human nature’ or ‘human natures’ retains a central role in theorizing about the human experience. In Homo sapiens it is clear that we have a suite of capacities generated via our evolutionary past, and present, and a flexible capacity to create and sustain particular kinds of cultures and to be shaped by them. Regardless of whether we label these capacities ‘human natures’ or not, humans occupy a distinctive niche and an evolutionary approach to examining it is critical. At present we are faced with a few different narratives as to exactly what such an evolutionary approach entails. There is a need for a robust and dynamic theoretical toolkit in order to develop a richer, and more nuanced, understanding of the cognitively sophisticated genus Homo and the diverse sorts of niches humans constructed and occupied across the Pleistocene, Holocene, and into the Anthropocene. Here I review current evolutionary approaches to ‘human nature’, arguing that we benefit from re-framing our investigations via the concept of the human niche and in the context of the extended evolutionary synthesis (EES). While not a replacement of standard evolutionary approaches, this is an expansion and enhancement of our toolkit. I offer brief examples from human evolution in support of these assertions.
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Mukherjee, Mr Utsab, and Prof Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay. "Detection of Human Behaviour byObject Recognitionusing Deep Learning:A Review." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology 8, no. 2 (March 2020): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.2.2.
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Pate, Larry E. "Understanding Human Behaviour." Management Decision 25, no. 6 (June 1987): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb001477.
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Ferguson, Neil. "Capturing human behaviour." Nature 446, no. 7137 (April 2007): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/446733a.
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Brunarska, Zuzanna. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE ON THE STATE AND VOTING BEHAVIOUR IN RUSSIA." Studia Humanistyczne AGH 19, no. 1 (2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/human.2020.19.1.105.
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Samsuddin, Nor Malyana, Roshana Takim, and Abdul Hadi Nawawi. "Human Behaviour and Resilience Hospital." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 2, no. 5 (January 1, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v2i5.46.
Анотація:
Hospitals themselves vulnerable to numerous types of disasters and can get damaged risking the lives of human being. To a certain extent, despite hard resilience (structural and non-structural), human behavior is one of the contributing factors affecting the hospital’s capability in achieving disaster resilience. Hence, the objectives of the paper are twofold: to explore human weaknesses; and to investigate strategies for achieving disaster resilience for existing public hospitals. Qualitative research techniques employed in the form of focus group approach. The findings revealed that six human weaknesses and five strategies have been asserted by the respondents as of utmost critical.2398-4295 © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Disaster Resilience; Hard and soft Resilience; Hospital; Human Behaviour
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Boffi, Mario, and Matteo Colleoni. "Human behaviour and GIS." Netcom, no. 28-1/2 (December 16, 2014): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/netcom.1584.
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Knight, Chris, and Derek Bickerton. "Language and Human Behaviour." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 5, no. 4 (December 1999): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2661182.
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Jones, Dan. "Human behaviour: Killer instincts." Nature 451, no. 7178 (January 2008): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/451512a.
Дисертації з теми "Human behaviour":
1
Hollmann, Claudia. "A cognitive human behaviour model for pedestrian behaviour simulation." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2015. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/13831/.
Анотація:
Pedestrian behaviour simulation models are being developed with the intention to simulate human behaviour in various environments in both non-emergency and emergency situations. These models are applied with the objective to understand the underlying causes and dynamics of pedestrian behaviour and how the environment or the environment’s intrinsic procedures can be adjusted in order to provide an improvement of human comfort and safety. In order to realistically model pedestrian behaviour in complex environments, the specific human behaviour patterns which govern their behaviour need to be represented. It is thereby of importance to understand the causal chains between the surrounding conditions and the pedestrians’ behaviours: the impact of the environment’s purpose and facilities as well as the pedestrians’ individual goals on the pedestrians’ planning and route choice behaviour; the influence of emergent stimuli on the pedestrians’ plans and environment usage; the influence of the pedestrians’ environment usage under normal usage conditions on the pedestrians’ behaviour in response to a potential alarm event. In this thesis, a framework is developed for modelling advanced individual pedestrian behaviours and especially purpose-driven environment usage. The framework thereby aims to assist building and facility planners in improving a building’s layout in terms of pedestrian experience and walking routes. In this thesis, a comprehensive review on how individual pedestrian behaviour and the pedestrians’ environment usage are realised in current pedestrian behaviour simulation models has been undertaken. In addition, current theories on human decision making, goal-driven behaviour and emotion modelling have been surveyed from the research fields of artificial intelligence, virtual reality simulation, human psychology and human behavioural sciences. From this survey, theories suitable for this thesis’ cause have been identified and combined for the proposed Cognitive Pedestrian Agent Framework (CPAF). The proposed framework contains a sophisticated human decision making model, a multi-faceted individual knowledge representation, a model to realise situational and contextual awareness, and a novel realisation of a human path planning heuristic. The proposed framework has been demonstrated in the simulation of a building usage-cycle use case. Further, it has been outlined how the proposed framework could be used to model experiential alarm response behaviour.
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McMillan, Anne Sinclair. "Human masseter motor unit behaviour." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30673.
Анотація:
There is a dearth of knowledge on the functional organization of the anatomically complex human masseter muscle. Limited physiological studies suggest a functional organization which may differ significantly from human limb muscles. The present studies aimed to examine the putative relationship between structure and function in the human masseter muscle as a basis for understanding function and dysfunction in human jaw muscles.
In the first experiment single motor unit (SMU) activity was recorded from pairs of recording sites distributed throughout the masseter muscle. In each case SMU activity at a chosen location was used as a reference to search for synchronized SMU activity at another selected site. The locations of the needle tips were estimated in 3-dimensions (3-D) by means of an optical system, then transferred to 3-D reconstructions derived from Magnetic Resonance images. This approach permitted calculation of the linear distances between verified muscle recording sites. The mean separation of the sites from which synchronous SMU activity could be recorded was 8.8±3.4mm. The putative territories had a preferred orientation in the antero-posterior axis. Motor unit territories were larger than described previously, and appeared to be related to anatomical compartments.
The second experiment involved recording activity from stereotactically mapped masseter SMUs. In each case, the lowest sustainable firing frequency (LSFF) was reached by slow increases and decreases in voluntary firing rate, followed by sustained firing at the lowest possible rate. Pulse-discrimination and digital sampling of consecutive inter-spike intervals (ISIs) were then used to measure LSFF for 2-6 separate occlusal and postural tasks to which each unit contributed. There were significant differences between mean ISIs for the tasks performed by most units, which suggests descending drive to masseter units is highly task-dependent. There were also regional differences in unit task specificities.
In the third paradigm, reflex SMU activity was recorded from units in the masseter muscle and the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Bipolar electrodes fixed to the gingiva near the maxillary canine delivered single pulses of 1ms duration at sub-noxious levels of intensity. At constrained firing frequencies (10, 15Hz), pulses were injected sequentially, with increasing delays, after preselected spikes. More profound inhibition occurred in units firing at 10 than 15Hz. There were significant differences in masseter inhibitory responses when the unit task varied. Reflex inhibition in masseter and lateral pterygoid SMUs is highly frequency-dependent, and also task-dependent in masseter units.
The fourth study involved recording activity from SMUs in the masseter muscle. A midline load cell was fixed to the incisor teeth and aligned either perpendicular (P) or 30 degrees anterior (A) to the occlusal plane, without altering jaw position. A rigid spike-triggered averaging (STA) paradigm was used to extract the contribution of individual SMUs to the overall force at load cell orientations P and A. Spikes preceded or followed by an interval of less than 100ms were rejected prior to averaging. At background bite forces from 0.06-8N, the isometric forces apparently developed by individual units varied randomly with load cell orientations, (P range 36.2±19.6mN; A range 38.2±28.4mN). All units could be fired slowly with varying degrees of muscle coactivation, in some instances without contact on the load cell. The use of STA as a method for determining SMU tension in the masseter muscle appears to be task-dependent and in the presence of coactivation may be inappropriate.
The findings collectively indicate the heterogeneous nature of SMU behaviour in the human masseter muscle which is consistent with internal muscle compartments based on anatomical features and functional behaviour. There thus appear to be both physiological and anatomical substrates for differential motor control of selected regions of the human masseter muscle.Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Lawson, Glyn. "Predicting human behaviour in emergencies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12027/.
Анотація:
The outcome of an emergency is largely determined by the behaviour of the people involved. To improve the safety of buildings and to increase the effectiveness of response procedures and training programmes it is often necessary to predict human behaviour in emergency situations. There are several approaches which can be used to make these predictions, but not all had previously been systematically analysed and therefore their appropriateness for any given application was unknown. This thesis describes an analysis of approaches for predicting human behaviour in emergencies. The research focussed on approaches which could be used by human factors professionals to extend the contribution this systems-oriented and user-focussed discipline can make to managing risks and reducing danger. The investigated approaches were evaluated against criteria for judging their quality, including validity, reliability, resources, sensitivity and ethics. In research conducted to test the approaches, fire drills, virtual environments (VEs) and a new talk-through approach, in which participants describe the hypothetical actions they would take in an emergency scenario, demonstrated potential for predicting behaviour in emergency situations. These approaches were subsequently evaluated in a standardised comparison, in which each one was applied to analyse the behaviour demonstrated during an evacuation from a university building. The observed frequencies of behaviour produced by each approach were significantly correlated, as were the sequences of behaviour. All of the approaches demonstrated replicability. The resources required to apply each approach were relatively low, especially for the talk-through approach. Based on the findings from this research, and drawing upon previous work from the scientific literature, guidance was provided for selecting approaches and methods for behavioural prediction in emergency situations. The talk-through approach is suitable for use during the concept phase of a design as it is quick to implement and requires low resources. VEs and simulation tools are more appropriate for design activities when detailed CAD models become available. Fire drills can provide useful measures of human behaviour in evacuation scenarios, but require a physical representation of the building or environment under investigation. Fire drills, VEs and simulation tools can be used to inform emergency response procedures. Predictions from all of the aforementioned approaches can support the development of training programmes. This guidance was previously unavailable to human factors professionals and now serves both to inform design work and support the evaluation of existing evacuation procedures and protocols.
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Syed, Shazali Syed Tarmizi. "Human behaviour modelling through Human Intelligent Movement Software (HIMs)." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6382.
Анотація:
The concept of sustainable urban environments aims to provide urban facilities including transport interchanges that can accommodate a wide spectrum of the human population irrespective of gender, age or disability. A major objective is to reduce levels of social exclusion which arise from inadequacy in infrastructure that strongly affects certain members of society such as the elderly, disabled and poor. This research focuses on the particular aspect of crowded public spaces where it is envisaged that improvements in crowd flow could be achieved by a proper consideration of all the users of the space but particularly the elderly and disabled. The ultimate objective would be design tools that provide architects with the means to achieve inclusivity in design for the elderly and disabled with relative ease and speed. Therefore, this research has developed a methodology and a computing tool to implement aspects of human walking behaviour in public spaces. Human behaviours have been studied using a large-scale video observation involving over 17,000 subjects. The videos have been analysed to determine a number of different behaviours and their relationship to distinguishing characteristics of the subjects such as age, gender and disability. Algorithms for representing these behaviours have been developed and implemented as a simulation tool (HIMs) within commercially available gaming software. Two case studies, within shopping malls and a bus station, have been carried out to illustrate the feasibility of the work and simple examples of small environmental design changes that significantly affect crowd flow are shown.
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Rymill, Stephen Julian. "Psychologically-based simulation of human behaviour." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614295.
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Rando, C. J. "Human behaviour and the temporomandibular joint." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1322969/.
Анотація:
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), an umbrella term referring to a group of orofacial pain disorders, including disc displacement and osteoarthritis, affect a significant portion of the general population, with prevalence of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) at around 30%. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is intimately linked to mastication (and as such, diet), with research on animals and modern clinical studies suggesting that disorders of the TMJ may be connected to soft dietary composition and associated with a reduction of the craniofacial complex. Over the past 100,000 years, the size and shape of the human face has undergone marked changes, from large and robust, to relatively small and gracile. Concordantly, human diet has changed profoundly, first in the transition from hunter-gathering to agriculture, then again in the shift to the post-industrialised diet, markedly affecting the rate of caries and malocclusions, which have increased, and dental wear, the severity of which has notably decreased. The question remains as to whether these dietary shifts, particularly modernisation, have had an effect on the temporomandibular joint. This work aims to combine archaeological, evolutionary and clinical perspectives to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact changes in human behaviour (primarily those related to diet) have had on the prevalence and distribution of temporomandibular joint disorders, specifically osteoarthritis. Three different skeletal populations (modern Americans, Medieval and post-Medieval Londoners and Prehistoric Native Americans) were examined for the severity of tooth wear, presence of TMJ osteoarthritis, morphology of the TMJ and tooth loss, as well as undergoing a metric and geometric morphometric analysis. The results suggest that differing patterns of subsistence can impact the distribution and frequency of TMJ OA, with rates of OA highest in the contemporary populations, this seeming to contradict previous archaeological theories on TMJ OA, which typically associated high levels of OA with heavy tooth wear and using the teeth as tools. The results of this research also suggest that different methodological approaches need to be used when analyzing TMJ OA, utilising diagnostic techniques that are more clinically relevant, in part due to the unique and complex nature of the TM joint.
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Boulay, Bernard. "Human posture recognition for behaviour understanding." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4000.
Анотація:
During this thesis, we have proposed a real-time, generic, and operational approach to recognising human posture with one static camera. The approach is fully automatic and independent from the view point of the camera. Human posture recognition from a video sequence is a difficult task. This task is part of the more general problem of video sequence interpretation. The proposed approach takes as input information provided by vision algorithms such as the silhouette of the observed person (a binary image representing the person and the background), or her/his position in the scene. The first contribution is the modeling of a 3D posture avatar. This avatar is composed of a human model (defining the relations between the different body parts), a set of parameters (defining the position of the body parts) and a set of body primitives (defining the visual aspect of the body parts). The second contribution is the proposed hybrid approach to recognise human posture. This approach combines the use of 3D posture avatar and 2D techniques. The 3D avatars are used in the recognition process to acquire a certain independence from the camera view point. The 2D techniques represent the silhouettes of the observed person to provide a real-time processing. The proposed approach is composed of two main parts: the posture detection which recognises the posture of the detected person by using information computed on the studied frame, and the posture temporal filtering which filters the posture by using information about the posture of the person on the previous frames A third contribution is the comparison of different 2D silhouette representations. The comparison is made in terms of computation time and dependence on the silhouette quality. Four representations have been chosen: geometric features, Hu moments, skeletonisation, and the horizontal and vertical projections. A fourth contribution is the characterisation of ambiguous postures. Ambiguities can happen by using only one camera. An ambiguous posture is defined as a posture which has visually similar silhouettes rather an other posture. Synthetic data are generated to evaluate the proposed approach for different point of view. The approach has also been evaluated on real data by proposing a ground truth model adapted to the posture recognition purpose. A fifth contribution has been proposed by applying the results of the recognition to human action detection. A method based on a finite state machine has been proposed to recognise self-action (action where only one person acts). Each state v of the machine is composed of one or several postures. This method has been successfully applied to detect falling and walking actions. The human posture recognition approach gives good results. However, the approach has some limitation. The main limitation, is that we are limited in terms of postures of interest for computation time and discrimination reasons. The second limitation is the computation time of the 3D posture avatar generation. By using information about the movement of the observed person in the scene, the approach is able to treat 5-6 frames by second. Some improvement can be done to solve these limitations. In particular, the set of interest postures can be adapted automatically at each frame by considering the previously recognised postures to decrease the number of 3D posture silhouette to extractDurant cette thèse nous avons proposé une approche temps réel, générique et fonctionnelle pour reconnaître la posture des personnes filmées par une caméra statique. Notre approche est conçue pour être complètement automatique et indépendante du point de vue de la caméra. La reconnaissance de posture à partir de séquence vidéo est un problème difficile. Ce problème s'inscrit dans le champ de recherche plus général de l'interprétation de séquence vidéo. L'approche proposée prend en entrée des informations provenant d'algorithmes de vision telles que la silhouette de la personne observée (une image binaire où une couleur représente la personne et l'autre le fond) ou sa position dans la scène. La première contribution est la modélisation d'un avatar 3D de posture. Un avatar 3D de posture est composé d'un modèle 3D humain (définissant les relations entre les différentes parties du corps), d'un ensemble de paramètre (définissant les positions des différentes parties du corps) et d'un ensemble de primitive (définissant l'aspect visuel des parties du corps). La seconde contribution est la proposition d'une approche hybride combinant l'utilisation de modèles 3D et de techniques 2D. Les avatars 3D de postures sont utilisés dans le processus de reconnaissance pour avoir une certaine indépendance du point de vue de la caméra. Les techniques 2D représentent les silhouettes des personnes détectées pour garder un temps réel de calcul. Cette thèse montre comment les avatars 3D peuvent être utilisés pour obtenir une approche générique et fonctionnelle pour reconnaître les postures. Cette approche est composée de deux parties : la détection de postures qui reconnaît la posture de la personne détectée en utilisant seulement l'information calculée sur l'image considérée, et le filtrage temporel de posture qui reconnaît la posture en utilisant l'information provenant des images précédentes. Une troisième contribution a été faite en comparant différentes représentations 2D des silhouettes au niveau du temps de calcul nécessaire et de leur dépendance à la qualité de la silhouette. Quatre représentations ont été retenues : une représentation combinant différentes valeurs géométriques, les moment de Hu, la skeletonisation et les projections horizontale et verticale. Une quatrième contribution est la caractérisation des cas ambigus. Des ambiguïtés au niveau de la reconnaissance peuvent se produire en utilisant seulement une caméra statique. Une posture ambiguë est définie par plusieurs postures vii qui ont des silhouettes visuellement similaires. Des données de synthèse sont générées pour évaluer l'approche proposée pour différents points de vue. Ainsi, les postures ambiguës sont identifiées en considérant la posture et son orientation. L'approche est aussi évaluée pour des données réelles en proposant un modèle de vérité terrain pour la reconnaissance de posture. Une cinquième contribution a été proposée en appliquant le résultat de notre approche à la reconnaissance d'action. Une méthode utilisant des machines à états finis a ainsi été proposée pour reconnaître des actions faisant intervenir une seule personne. Chaque état de la machine est composé d'une ou plusieurs postures. Cette méthode est appliquée avec succès pour détecter les chutes et la marche. Bien que notre approche donne de très bon taux de reconnaissance, il subsiste quelques limitations. La principale limitation de l'approche est qu'elle est limitée en nombre de postures d'intérêt pour des raisons de temps de calcul et de discrimination entre les postures considérées. La seconde limitation est le temps nécessaire à la génération des silhouettes des avatars 3D de posture. En utilisant l'information sur le déplacement de la personne dans la scène, l'algorithme de reconnaissance de posture traite entre 5 et 6 images par seconde. Des améliorations peuvent être faites pour résoudre ces limitations. En particulier, nous pourrions adapter automatiquement l'ensemble des postures d'intérêt au cas considéré, en utilisant par exemple la posture reconnue précédemment pour restreindre les postures 3D dont nous voulons extraire les silhouettes
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Miszkiewicz, Justyna J. "Ancient human bone histology and behaviour." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/38319/.
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Buss, Keno. "Behavioural patterns for the analysis of creative behaviour." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4938.
Анотація:
Analysing human creativity has always been a difficult undertaking. The reason for this is the vagueness of the term creativity itself. Philosophers and Researchers have tried to unveil the secrets behind creativity since centuries. Besides some principles e.g. defined by Finke, Ward, and Smith, there is no holistic understanding about term creativity and there will always be discussions between researchers of different disciplines about how creativity is achieved. Current approaches try to understand creativity through studying the creative artifact or the creative human himself. These approaches have not lead to any promising results. Instead of focussing on creativity itself, it is more promising to look at the creative process of creators. Through this, it is possible to analyse what happened during the creation of an artefact. The aim of the analysis is the identification of certain behaviours within the creative process, which lead to very creative results or in opposite hinder creativity. The gained knowledge is used for the creation of patterns, describing this specific behaviour. The analysis of the creative process is not only interesting for artists, but also for engineers, researchers, students and many others. Important target groups for this approach are schools and universities. Being able to early recognise problems in the learning curve of a student will enable a directed support, in order to improve the student's performance. Until now, the main problem for analysing the creative process of a creator is the lack of information on how an artefact was created. Most creators tend not to make many notes during their creative phase, even if there are famous exemptions like Beethoven who left behind a huge amount of notices and marked changes in his work. Hence, the challenge is the development of a powerful framework, which can cope effectively with the recording and presentation of this creative process, in order to enable detailed analyses. Modern computer technology fosters the recording of the creative process of a person. Much of today's creative work is achieved with computers and powerful software applications. Computer networks and the internet enable new ways of collaboration. The creation of a flexible, collaborative tool-set is the ideal approach for the mapping and analysis of the creative process. A novel approach, based on these ideas, was developed by the members of the Creative Technologies Research Programme at the Software Technology Research Laboratory (STRL). The central aim of the approach is the mapping of the human creativity with so-called creativity maps. A creativity map is basically transition system, which allows to store and represent the creative process as well as to hold each version of the artefact. The developed De Montfort Creativity Assistant (DMCA), is a collaborative, web-enabled state-of-the-art software framework, realising the theoretical concepts. This thesis represents a substantial contribution to the research project. The focus of the presented work lies on the analysis and the support of the creative process. Several novel techniques for the analysis of massive data sets have been developed. The presented techniques enable a domain-independent analysis and support of the creative process. This is huge improvement over previous concepts, which are highly specialised and focus on the creative artefact itself. The presented approach required the development of several novel techniques. The major contributions of the presented research are: - Behavioural Patterns Enable the description of constructs inside the creativity map. These constructs represent the creative behaviour of the creator. - Techniques for a Computer-supported Information Extraction A pattern description language enables the computer-supported information extraction from creativity maps. - Knowledge Repository Knowledge, gained through the analysis processes, is stored centrally and shared with other creators in order to stimulate further growing of knowledge. - Concepts for the Analysis and Support of the Creative Process Novel concepts allow the structured analysis and support of the creative process, regardless of the creator's domain. All developed techniques have been implemented in several tools, which aim to enrich the DMCA with the ability of a computer-supported analysis and support of the creative process.
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James, Hannah Victoria Arnison. "Becoming human : the emergence of modern human behaviour within South Asia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609772.
Книги з теми "Human behaviour":
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McConnell, James V. Understanding human behaviour. 5th ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1986.
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McConnell, James V. Understanding human behaviour. 7th ed. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College, 1992.
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McConnell, James V. Understanding human behaviour. 5th ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1986.
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McConnell, James V. Understanding human behaviour. 5th ed. Tokyo: CBS Publishing Japan Ltd., 1986.
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McConnell, James V. Understanding Human Behaviour. New York: Holt,Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
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McConnell, James V. Understanding human behaviour. 5th ed. Tokyo: CBS Publishing Japan Ltd., 1986.
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McConnell, James V. Understanding human behaviour. 7th ed. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College, 1992.
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Cartwright, John. Evolution and Human Behaviour. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-34801-2.
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Kossowska, Małgorzata, Natalia Letki, Tomasz Zaleskiewicz, and Szymon Wichary. Human Behaviour in Pandemics. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003254133.
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Cartwright, John. Evolution and Human Behaviour. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05296-4.
Частини книг з теми "Human behaviour":
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Sackville-Ford, Mark, and Sarah Baggaley. "Being human." In Behaviour Management, 129–46. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429402104-11.
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Mills, Stuart. "Human Behaviour and Machine Behaviour." In AI for Behavioural Science, 7–20. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003203315-2.
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Ribes, Emilio. "Human Behaviour as Operant Behaviour." In Behaviour Analysis and Contemporary Psychology, 117–34. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003316718-11.
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Uomini, Natalie T. "Paleoneurology and Behaviour." In Human Paleoneurology, 121–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08500-5_6.
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Megarry, Tim. "Modern Humans and Human Behaviour." In Society in Prehistory, 266–90. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24248-1_11.
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Brindley, John M. "Understanding Human Behaviour." In Modern Policing, 133–51. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003368083-14.
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Cardini, Filippo-Enrico. "Human behaviour and human language." In Consciousness and the Cultural Invention of Language, 1–10. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003347170-1.
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File, Sandra E. "Zinc and Behaviour." In ILSI Human Nutrition Reviews, 225–34. London: Springer London, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3879-2_14.
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Bratton, John, Peter Sawchuk, Carolyn Forshaw, Militza Callinan, and Martin Corbett. "Human resource management." In Work and Organizational Behaviour, 455–82. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36602-2_17.
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Strong, Colin. "Human Flourishing Through Behaviour Change." In Human Flourishing, 85–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09786-7_6.
Анотація:
AbstractWe tend to think of flourishing as a place we get to, where we have arrived, but often do not see that act of change itself is a core facet of what it means to flourish. Indeed, we argue that flourishing is in fact our ability to change and adapt rather than a state that we are striving for. This points to human flourishing requiring an ‘adaptive’ approach to manage change: supporting careful navigation, negotiation and trade-offs. On this basis we need to identify the barriers that get in the way of enacting these possibilities and as such organisations and institutions that seeks to facilitate behaviour change will lean on barrier identification as well identifying ways to overcome them thought educating, assisting and facilitating. Using a behaviour change framework to identify the mechanisms shaping behaviour can help to identify ways to overcome barriers and facilitate positive outcomes.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Human behaviour":
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Dugdale, Julie, Mahyar T. Moghaddam, and Henry Muccini. "Human behaviour centered design." In ICSE '20: 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3377815.3381375.
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Bulling, Andreas. "Human visual behaviour for collaborative human-machine interaction." In the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2800835.2815378.
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Kazienko, Przemyslaw, Tomasz Kajdanowicz, Radoslaw Michalski, and Piotr Brodka. "From Data to Human Behaviour." In 2013 International Conference on Social Intelligence and Technology (SOCIETY). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/society.2013.14.
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"Characterising behaviour of human agents." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.g4.smajgl.
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Vassio, Luca. "Human Behaviour on the Web." In the 5th International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3345645.3351106.
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Walker, Guy, and Malcolm Calvert. "Driver Behaviour at Roadworks." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100629.
Анотація:
Road networks around the world are reaching a critical stage in their lifecycle. Typically constructed in the 1960’s and 70’s, many of the structures, now over forty years old, require increasingly significant levels of maintenance in order to ensure their continued integrity and performance. Many national transport authorities while planning ahead for this use traffic microsimulation models to help them predict the likely effects of associated roadwork on traffic flow. The challenge faced is that these models consistently under-predict traffic flows, and the resultant queue lengths, even though there is nothing fundamentally different from a speed or lane restriction for roadworks compared to those used in other normal circumstances. The reasons for this over-prediction or under-prediction are that ‘real’ traffic behaves differently from ‘modelled’ traffic. This paper explores these differences with reference to a case study example, reviews the psychological literature for explanatory factors, and uses this to propose new guidelines for how models should be designed and calibrated for improved accuracy. In the case study presented in this paper, approximately a lane’s worth of capacity is being lost due to ‘soft’ driver behaviour factors. This paper helps to explain why this is happening and how it can be recovered.
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Hanlon, Susannah, and Julie McLeod. "Human information behaviour in conversation: understanding the influence of informal conversation on learning in a political party." In ISIC: the Information Behaviour Conference. University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47989/irisic2031.
Анотація:
Introduction. This paper explores information behaviour in the underrepresented but increasingly important area of informal conversations and their influence on learning within political parties. The application of an extended model on information behaviour in conversation, which arose from the initial research analysis, enabled more granulated interpretation of results. This facilitated greater understanding, through the information behaviour lens, of informal conversations and how they contribute to learning. Method. Qualitative case-study of a political party. Analysis. Template analysis was used, followed by the application of the emergent extended model of human information behaviour in conversation. Results. Characteristics of informal conversation reflected the unique nature of the organisation. The extended model provided additional insights into context, information seeking and knowledge sharing during the conversations including motivations and affective factors, and outcomes from the conversations. Conclusions. A key reason for engaging in informal conversation was the need to strengthen capacity to influence. Self-efficacy was increased through mutual support and engaging in information behaviours. Application of the extended information behaviour model confirmed that learning occurred during informal conversations at individual and group level. Additional research is needed to test the model further with political parties and their members before extending it to wider applications.
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Paay, Jeni, Jesper Kjeldskov, Mikael Skov, Rahuvaran Pathmanathan, and Jon Pearce. "Promoting pro-environmental behaviour." In the 25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2541016.2541045.
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Galata, A., N. Johnson, and D. Hogg. "Learning Behaviour Models of Human Activities." In British Machine Vision Conference 1999. British Machine Vision Association, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.13.2.
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Maruf, Hasan Al, Nagib Meshkat, Mohammed Eunus Ali, and Jalal Mahmud. "Human behaviour in different social medias." In ASONAM '15: Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining 2015. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2808797.2809395.
Звіти організацій з теми "Human behaviour":
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Cavatorta, Elisa, and Orazio Attanasio. Innovations in measurement and the evaluation of human behaviour. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb9.
Анотація:
If policymakers or researchers aim to improve an intervention, scale it up, or assess why it works and for whom, then focussing solely on direct outcomes is not enough. There are several ways in which evaluations can go beyond traditional outcome measurement and explore the underlying drivers of impact and the behaviours of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. - Measurement goes hand in hand with developing a theory of change, and the two work best when they evolve jointly: new (and better) measurements could allow the consideration of more flexible and realistic theories, while theory informs the construction and design of new measures. - Linking measurement to human behaviour and decision-making processes offers useful angles for identifying the underlying drivers of an intervention’s impacts. - Measurement innovation and improvements—including the construction of new measures—are an important endeavour requiring cross-disciplinary input. This endeavour should be promoted.
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Lucas, Brian. Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.138.
Анотація:
Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).
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Lorenz, Markus. Auswirkungen des Decoy-Effekts auf die Algorithm Aversion. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783947850013.
Анотація:
Limitations in the human decision-making process restrict the technological potential of algorithms, which is also referred to as "algorithm aversion". This study uses a laboratory experiment with participants to investigate whether a phenomenon known since 1982 as the "decoy effect" is suitable for reducing algorithm aversion. For numerous analogue products, such as cars, drinks or newspaper subscriptions, the Decoy Effect is known to have a strong influence on human decision-making behaviour. Surprisingly, the decisions between forecasts by humans and Robo Advisors (algorithms) investigated in this study are not influenced by the Decoy Effect at all. This is true both a priori and after observing forecast errors.
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Ringhand, Madlen, Maximilian Bäumler, Christian Siebke, Marcus Mai, and Felix Elrod. Report on validation of the stochastic traffic simulation (Part A). Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2021.242.
Анотація:
This document is intended to give an overview of the human subject study in a driving simulator that was conducted by the Chair of Traffic and Transportation Psychology (Verkehrspsychologie – VPSY) of the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) to provide the Chair of Automotive Engineering (Lehrstuhl Kraftfahrzeugtechnik – LKT) of TUD with the necessary input for the validation of a stochastic traffic simulation, especially for the parameterization, consolidation, and validation of driver behaviour models. VPSY planned, conducted, and analysed a driving simulator study. The main purpose of the study was to analyse driving behaviour and gaze data at intersections in urban areas. Based on relevant literature, a simulated driving environment was created, in which a sample of drivers passed a variety of intersections. Considering different driver states, driving tasks, and traffic situations, the collected data provide detailed information about human gaze and driving behaviour when approaching and crossing intersections. The collected data was transferred to LKT for the development of the stochastic traffic simulation.
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Kassing, W., R. Eckart, and H. Spitz. Application of the computer program GENMOD for modeling the behaviour of radionuclides in the human body and for performing calculations of internal dose. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/262988.
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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.
Анотація:
The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.
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Bäumler, Maximilian, Madlen Ringhand, Christian Siebke, Marcus Mai, Felix Elrod, and Günther Prokop. Report on validation of the stochastic traffic simulation (Part B). Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2021.243.
Анотація:
This document is intended to give an overview of the validation of the human subject study, conducted in the driving simulator of the Chair of Traffic and Transportation Psychology (Verkehrspsychologie – VPSY) of the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), as well of the validation of the stochastic traffic simulation developed in the AutoDrive project by the Chair of Automotive Engineering (Lehrstuhl Kraftfahrzeugtechnik – LKT) of TUD. Furthermore, the evaluation process of a C-AEB (Cooperative-Automatic Emergency Brake) system is demonstrated. The main purpose was to compare the driving behaviour of the study participants and the driving behaviour of the agents in the traffic simulation with real world data. Based on relevant literature, a validation concept was designed and real world data was collected using drones and stationary cameras. By means of qualitative and quantitative analysis it could be shown, that the driving simulator study shows realistic driving behaviour in terms of mean speed. Moreover, the stochastic traffic simulation already reflects reality in terms of mean and maximum speed of the agents. Finally, the performed evaluation proofed the suitability of the developed stochastic simulation for the assessment process. Furthermore, it could be shown, that a C-AEB system improves the traffic safety for the chosen test-scenarios.
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Vigneri, Marcella. The Science in the Middle: Middle Level Theory in International Development Evaluation. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmwp3.
Анотація:
This paper discusses how Middle Level Theory is becoming an important tool in the evaluation of international development programmes by connecting abstract theory to project level theory. The paper discusses three defining features of how mid-level theorising generates transferable knowledge across disciplines and settings; it consolidates empirical regularities in human behaviour, it explains the diversity of outcomes observed across contexts, and it is explicit about causal principles observed in different settings. These attributes are illustrated using examples from interventions in international development that show the potential of the method in improving the design of international development programmes.
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Bernard, Michael Lewis, Dereck H. Hart, Stephen J. Verzi, Matthew R. Glickman, Paul R. Wolfenbarger, and Patrick Gordon Xavier. Simulating human behavior for national security human interactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900422.
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Gilbert, Stanley. Human Behavior in Home Fires. National Institute of Standards and Technology, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2191.