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Статті в журналах з теми "Households consumption":
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Dang, Quang Vang, and Quoc Duy Vuong. "DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLDS’ EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE IN THE MEKONG DELTA OF VIETNAM." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 5, no. 52 (October 31, 2023): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.5.52.2023.4127.
Анотація:
This study investigates the determinants of households’ educational expenditure in the Mekong Delta through the Viet Nam Living Standard Survey (VHLSS) data in 2022. The Tobit model is used to identify factors that may influence and explain the households’ expenditure on education in the Mekong Delta. The findings found that eight factors have a statistically significant impact of 1% to 10% on the households' educational expenditure. They include 06 factors (age of household head, ethnicity of household head, household’s size, place of residence, households with additional studying members and household’s average income) which positively impact on the households’ educational consumption and the other factors (educational level of household head and participation in local government) which have negative impacts on the educational consumption of the households. Given findings enable us to propose various suggestions to optimize the investment and expenditure for the education of households in the Mekong Delta.
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Gromek, Natalia, and Jolanta Perek-Białas. "Pet goods consumption in Polish households." Econometrics 26, no. 3 (2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/eada.2022.3.01.
Анотація:
This paper expands the considerations of Becker’s and Leibenstein’s family theories with a focus on the additional member of the household (pet/animal) in the analysis of consumption. It is the first analytical approach regarding pet goods consumption with references to microeconomic theories based on Polish data. The study analyses the households’ characteristics that have an impact on expenditure on pet goods. This article used the Polish Household Budget Surveys for 2018. The findings from the logistic regression models suggest that the household’s socio-economic group, place of living, children in household and whether the household rents the flat/accommodation impact on determining the probability of owning a pet among Polish house-holds; analyses of interactions between significant variables were also conducted. However, the human-animal bond could not be included in analysis, which is a limitation, the overall work is pioneering, as it shows the quantitative approach to household economy that highlights the need to elaborate the economic family theories of Becker and Leibenstein by a new family member – a pet.This paper expands the considerations of Becker’s and Leibenstein’s family theories with a focus on the additional member of the household (pet/animal) in the analysis of consumption. It is the first analytical approach regarding pet goods consumption with references to microeconomic theories based on Polish data. The study analyses the households’ characteristics that have an impact on expenditure on pet goods. This article used the Polish Household Budget Surveys for 2018. The findings from the logistic regression models suggest that the household’s socio-economic group, place of living, children in household and whether the household rents the flat/accommodation impact on determining the probability of owning a pet among Polish house-holds; analyses of interactions between significant variables were also conducted. However, the human-animal bond could not be included in analysis, which is a limitation, the overall work is pioneering, as it shows the quantitative approach to household economy that highlights the need to elaborate the economic family theories of Becker and Leibenstein by a new family member – a pet.
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Muzayyanah, Mujtahidah Anggriani Ummul, Sudi Nurtini, Rini Widiati, Suci Paramitasari Syahlani, and Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti. "HOUSEHOLD DECISION ANALYSIS ON ANIMAL PROTEIN FOOD CONSUMPTION: EVIDENCE FROM D.I YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE." Buletin Peternakan 41, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i2.18062.
Анотація:
Food consumption pattern in Indonesia has change. Consumption of animal protein food is increasing as income increase. Animal protein foods are come from fish products and livestock products. The aim of this study is to analyze household decision on animal protein food consumption based on socioeconomics determinant of the households. Household expenditure data were used in this study. Discrete choice model is used to measure household decision in consuming these foods. Socioeconomics determinants are measured by Binary Logistic regression to know the influence of these to the household’s decision. Marginal effect value from binary logistic regression analysis showed that households tend to increase consuming animal protein food from livestock products varies from 0.5 to 6.09 times associated to socioeconomic factors of the households. Further research need to analyze nutritional status of the household’s members.
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Choo, Mijin, and Dong Keun Yoon. "Impact of Disaster on Household Expenditures Using a Difference-in-Difference Analysis." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, no. 6 (December 31, 2023): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.6.91.
Анотація:
This study investigates the impact of the 2012 typhoon on household consumption expenditures in South Korea using a difference-indifferences model. We analyzed the changes in household consumption expenditures based on the extent and severity of disaster damage. Additionally, how these impacts vary depending on the employment status of the household head and the household’s income quartile was explored. The findings indicate that households experiencing disaster damage tend to reduce their consumption expenditures compared to unaffected households. Notably, households in the lowest income quintile and those with heads engaged in temporary or self-employment experience more significant declines. These research findings provide valuable insights for shaping future policies aimed at supporting household recovery and effectively directing post-disaster assistance resources.
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Ismah, Khairunnisa, Wan Abbas Zakaria, and Yaktiworo Indriani. "POLA KONSUMSI DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DI DESA MAJA KECAMATAN KALIANDA KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 8, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v8i1.4357.
Анотація:
This research aimed to analyze consumption pattern, food security level, and factors that influence the consumption pattern of household fisherman marker. This research was conducted by survey method. Location of this research was determined purposively in Maja Village, Kalianda District, South LampungRegency. The amount of research samples of 40 fisherman labor with the respondents in the research were the heads of household and housewives.The data was collected in April-May 2018. Data analysis method used was quantitative analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The consumption pattern was assessed by non-consecutively the Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) score based on the food recall of household consumption for 2x24 hours. The DDP score was calculated from the energy intake of each group of food consumed. The results showed that the number of types of food consumed by fisherman household was 10-13 kinds (62.5%) and the frequency of food consumed by fisherman household is rice. TheDesirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) score of fisherman household was 66.72. The level of food security of fishermanhousehold in Maja Village based on the results of cross classification between the level of energy sufficiency and share of food expenditure could be divided in four categories. There were11 households (27.5%) food resistant, 21 households (52.5%) less food, 4 households (10.0%) vulnerable food, and 4 households (10.0%) food insecure. The factors that influenced household’s consumption patterns at Maja Village were maternal age and household income.Key words: consumption patterns, fishing households, food security.
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Zhao, J., J. Zhang, and P. J. Barry. "Do formal credit constraints affect the rural household consumption in China?" Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 60, No. 10 (October 21, 2014): 458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/161/2013-agricecon.
Анотація:
The article investigates the consequences of credit constraints on rural household consumption in China. Based on a unique rural finance and consumption survey, the authors first identify the credit constraint status of rural households from formal financial institutions. Then, they apply an endogenous switching regression model to compare the consumption responses to household production inputs for credit constrained and non-constrained households. The estimation results reveal that the credit constraint could result in the crowding out effect of the aggregate household consumption from its production inputs. Nonetheless, similar to the non-constrained households, the credit constraint households are capable of smoothing their necessary consumption.
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JERYANA, I. PUTU, I. PUTU EKA NILA KENCANA, and G. K. GANDHIADI. "MODEL REGRESI TOBIT KONSUMSI SUSU CAIR PABRIK (Studi Kasus Rumah Tangga di Provinsi Bali)." E-Jurnal Matematika 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2014): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2014.v03.i02.p068.
Анотація:
Regression analysis is used to study the relationship between dependent (response) variable with one or more independent (causal) variables. While response data were censored, then Tobit regression model could be applied. According to Greene (2003), censored data were data with incomplete observation or the dependent variable has a value of zero, while for the other observations have particular value. This research aimed to model dairy milk’s consumption from households at Bali Province. By using data from Survey SosialEkonomiNasional (SUSENAS) or Social Economy’s National Survey (SENS) for year 2012, 615 households were selected as sampling unit using simple random sampling technique, and found 123 households who consumed dairy milk. The independent variables in our model were last education level completed by head of household’s (X1), head of household’s work (X2), age of head of household’s (X3), amount of expenditure for food consumption’s (X4), number of household members (X5), and household income (X6), the response variable was budget for buying dairy milk (Y). From six independent variables, is found only last education level by head household and amount of expenditure for food consumption had siginficant effect on Y’s. The final Tobit regression model were obtained using AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) method is Y = -3314724 + 565429,7 X1 + 0,014278 X4 with pseudo R2 as much as 16.79 per cent.
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Kuhe, Aondoyila, and Danladi Yusufu Bisu. "Influence of situational factors on household’s energy consumption behaviour." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-03-2019-0017.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper aims to present a systematic scoping review of the influences of some situational factors on the energy consumption behaviour of households. Household’s energy choice and manner of utilization define its energy consumption behaviour; it is a key factor in determining the energy efficiency of households. Despite the energy-efficient technological innovations and awareness on environmental/health implications of using certain energy sources and technologies, households still use inefficient, traditional energy sources and technologies. Some researchers have attempted to use economic and psychological theories to explain the situation with the hope of achieving a change in behaviour towards sustainable energy utilization but to no avail. This is because the theories fail to consider situations beyond individuals or households. A clear understanding of situational factors and how they influence household energy behaviour will provide information that will aid deeper research and policy formulation towards sustainable energy behaviour of households. Design/methodology/approach A scoping systematic review of available literature regarding real-life cases in both developed and developing countries was carried out to determine the possibility of situational factors affecting household energy choices and utilization. Findings The result of the review showed that situational factors have a significant influence on household’s energy consumption. The main policy implications observed are the need for laws that will encourage energy-saving renovations in houses, make compulsory the provision of recreational facilities in residential areas to reduce in-home energy consumption. The need for increased access to electricity and other efficient energy sources and cooking technologies has also been observed. Intensive awareness campaigns are required to disabuse the minds of people about cultural issues that mitigate improved cook stove adoption. Originality/value The paper provides information on the influence of some of the factors, which affect energy consumption in households, which fluctuate depending on the current situation of the consumer and are time-bound (situational factors). The information will help policymakers and regulators to understand the influence of situational factors on household energy consumption, thereby enabling them to make policies that will enhance sustainable energy consumption.
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Mondal, Md Sanaul Haque, Takehiko Murayama, and Shigeo Nishikizawa. "Determinants of Household-Level Coping Strategies and Recoveries from Riverine Flood Disasters: Empirical Evidence from the Right Bank of Teesta River, Bangladesh." Climate 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9010004.
Анотація:
Although recurrent floods cause detrimental impact for the people living in riverine floodplains, households are taking up various risks management strategies to deal with them. This paper examined household’s post-disaster coping strategies to respond and recover from riverine floods in 2017. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 377 households from the right bank of Teesta River in Bangladesh. Households employed different coping strategies including borrowing money, assets disposal, consumption reduction, temporary migration, and grants from external sources, to cope with flood. Results from logistic regression models suggested that increasing severity of flood reduced households’ consumption. Exposed households were more likely to borrow money. Consumption reduction and temporary migration were mostly adopted by agricultural landless households. Income from nonfarm sources was found to be an important factor influencing household’s decisions on coping. Furthermore, households that recovered from the last flood disaster seek insurance through their own savings and available physical assets, highlighting the role of disaster preparedness in resilient recovery. This study calls for the policy intervention at the household-level to enhance the adaptive capacity of riverine households so that people at risk can cope better and recover from flood disaster using their resources.
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TSIBOE, FRANCIS, JEFF LUCKSTEAD, BRUCE L. DIXON, LAWTON L. NALLEY, and JENNIE S. POPP. "ANALYZING LABOR HETEROGENEITY IN GHANAIAN COCOA PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SEPARABILITY IN HOUSEHOLD DECISIONS AND POLICY ASSESSMENT." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 50, no. 4 (June 27, 2018): 602–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2018.18.
Анотація:
AbstractResearchers have employed farm household models (FHMs) for policy analysis under the separability assumption. However, separability can fail, and the household's production and consumption decisions become simultaneous. Using 5 years of household data, the separability assumption among Ghana's cocoa-producing households is tested via heterogeneity of household adult males and females, household children, and hired and exchange labor. Results show labor is heterogeneous, implying a lack of separability. Simulation analysis also shows that ignoring nonseparability leads to an underestimation of policy effects. Thus, nonseparability in production and consumption decisions must be incorporated in FHMs developed for Ghanaian cocoa-producing households.
Дисертації з теми "Households consumption":
1
Weikum, Gary Lester. "The housing consumption of empty nest households." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26624.
Анотація:
The purposes of this study are to develop a demographic profile of empty nesters and describe their housing consumption; to determine the number of empty nesters who are occupying family housing; and provide a summary of the housing needs of empty nesters which cause them to occupy the type of housing which they do. This study is not intended to develop public policy to encourage empty nesters to move, rather, it attempts to answer some fundamental questions about the impact of empty nesters on the family housing supply in urban areas. A detailed examination of empty nester housing consumption in the Vancouver, C.M.A. Canada was conducted through analysis of 1981 Census Canada Public Use Sample Tapes. The findings indicate that empty nesters have a high propensity to live independently in owner-occupied family type single detached dwellings. Contrary to popular perception, condominiums have not attracted large numbers of empty nest couples. Empty nesters appear to retain their independent living arrangements and family type housing for as long as possible. Income, more than any other variable tested, influences the size of dwelling occupied by this group., and relatively low monthly housing costs caused by high equity situations may counteract any desire to economize space after the children have left the family home. This study was conducted as a result of the apparent lack of empirical data regarding empty nesters and the various assumptions that they were contributing to family housing shortage problems. It is important that researchers not pre-judge what is adequate housing for empty nesters. Rather, researchers should focus on the resources and needs of this group and attempt to supply appropriate housing from this direction rather than implement policies to get them out of their current housing units.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
2
Ding, Li. "United States households consumption a comprehensive analysis /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/4304.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
3
Frache, Derregibus Serafin. "Essays on households' consumption and saving decisions." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8909.
Анотація:
In this thesis I contribute to the applied study of households' consumption and saving behaviour. In the first chapter I introduce and explain why it is relevant to understand how households react to income shocks in terms of their consumption and saving decisions. The second chapter is inspired by a recent paper by Krueger and Perri (2011), who argue that the observed response of household wealth to income shocks, which is smaller over long periods, provides evidence in favour of the classic permanent-income model with perfect financial markets. Whether a model with financial market imperfections, however, such as the standard incomplete-markets model with liquidity constraints, can also generate such a wealth response crucially depends on the importance of precautionary wealth accumulation. I structurally estimate a model with a precautionary- savings motive and show that it can generate the observed wealth responses in the data. I further show that the wealth responses to income shocks do not allow us to rule out financial market imperfections. In the third chapter I extend the analysis, studying empirically what can be learned from international evidence on the way in which households react to income. I use detailed panel data from newly available surveys of Chile, Spain and the United States. Although it compares three different countries with dissimilar levels of development in their financial markets, the evidence suggests that the amount of precautionary savings in these economies is low and that household behaviour is not strongly influenced by the presence of borrowing constraints. The structural estimation for all countries suggests a low target level of wealth resulting from high levels of impatience or low levels of risk aversion. In the fourth chapter I extend the analysis to the real estate properties owned by the households. I revisit the Italian data, building on Kaplan and Violante (2014) who have argued that a substantial fraction of wealthy households with illiquid wealth, such as real estate, behave as hand-to-mouth consumers. In exploring the data, I find that, in the Italian sample, households which adjust their illiquid wealth show responses to income shocks like permanent-income consumers. Instead households which do not adjust their illiquid wealth, and whose behaviour in general can thus not be characterised by the first order conditions, show responses to income shocks which suggest a stronger precautionary-saving motive, such as wealthy hand-to-mouth consumers might be expected to show. The fifth chapter provides the conclusions of the thesis.
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MILLEMACI, EMANUELE. "Essays on consumption and financial decisions of Households." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/747.
Анотація:
Questa tesi contiene tre saggi in cui esamino le decisioni di consumo e finanziarie delle famiglie. Questi saggi si basano su un’analisi econometrica del dataset DHS, che raccoglie un’ampia quantità di informazioni sulle famiglie olandesi. I primi due saggi si concentrano sul tema del consumo familiare. Il terzo saggio offre un contributo empirico nel dibattito sulla forma della funzione di sconto individuale e, di conseguenza, affronta il problema della coerenza intertemporale.
Il primo saggio, dal titolo “Evaluating how predictable errors in expected income affect consumption”, studia le anomalie nel consumo familiare e propone un modello in cui le sue variazioni dipendono da errori prevedibili di predizione del reddito. L’ipotesi nulla di aspettative razionali è rifiutata a favore del modello comportamentale, dal momento che il consumo è influenzato dagli errori prevedibili di predizione del reddito. In media, gli agenti che fanno previsioni sul reddito molto basse (pessimisti) aumentano il loro livello del consumo in seguito a shock prevedibili positivi. In media, gli agenti che prevedono un reddito troppo alto (ottimisti) riducono il consumo in seguito a shock prevedibili negativi.
Il secondo saggio, dal titolo “Evidence on excess sensitivity of consumption to predictable income growth”, discende dal primo. Partendo dalla stessa equazione di Eulero, eseguo un test per stabilire se shock prevedibili del reddito possono aiutare a spiegare il consumo, anche nel caso in cui gli errori prevedibili sono inclusi nel modello. Inoltre, eseguo numerosi test per controllare gli effetti dovuti ai vincoli di liquidità. I risultati suggeriscono che, una volta inclusi gli errori prevedibili, l’effetto sul consumo dovuto al reddito si riduce ed è in generale poco significativo.
Il terzo saggio, dal titolo “Evidence on possible precommitment strategies of agents with dynamically inconsistent preferences”, studia la relazione tra preferenze temporalmente incoerenti e le scelte di risparmio e finanziarie degli individui. L’evidenza empirica suggerisce che gli individui con preferenze “dynamic inconsistent” in media tengono una quota minore della loro ricchezza sul conto corrente. Ciò potrebbe essere dovuto al fatto che questi individui implementano strategie di “precommitment” per limitare la tentazione di consumare tutto immediatamente.My dissertation contains three essays in which I examine the consumption and financial decisions of households. These essays are based on the econometric analysis of the dataset DHS which contains a wide quantity of information on Dutch families, including subjective expectations about future income. The first two works concentrate on household consumption decisions. The third work gives an empirical contribution in the debate on the shape of the subjective discount function and, therefore, on the problem of the dynamic inconsistency. Chapter 1 studies whether anomalies in consumption can be explained by a behavioral model in which agents make predictable errors in forecasting income. I show that the null hypothesis of rational expectations is rejected in favor of the behavioral model, since consumption responds to predictable forecast errors. On average agents who we are predictably excessively pessimistic increase consumption after the predictable positive income shock. On average agents who are too optimistic reduce consumption. Chapter 2 tests the excess sensitivity of consumption to predicted income growth using a modified version of the Euler equation which allows for myopia and/or irrationality. Using a number of self-reported financial indicators I select different subsets of the sample in order to distinguish the response to income changes of agents with and without possible liquidity constraints. Results suggest that the observed excess sensitivity to income becomes statistically insignificant when systematic errors in income forecasts are taken into account. Chapter 3 focuses on two main issues. First, I find that, on average, households' discount rates decline. This implies dynamically inconsistent preferences. Second, I calculate an indicator of the degree of dynamic inconsistency which may help one to understand how households overcome their self-control problems. I use the DHS households' reports on the compensation for receiving hypothetical rewards with delays. I find that individuals with more severely dynamicly inconsistent preferences on average hold a statistically significantly lower share of their total wealth in checking accounts. A possible interpretation is that subjects use precommitment strategies to limit their temptation to consume immediately.
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Seol, Youn Ni Shawn. "Empirical analysis of household consumption behavior." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7187.
Анотація:
Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 3, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Professor Shawn Ni, Dissertation Supervisor. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cilasun, Seyit Mumin. "Income And, Consumption And Saving Behavior Of Turkish Households." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611207/index.pdf.
Анотація:
Using 2002-2006 Household Budget Survey, this thesis investigates the income, consumption and saving dynamics of Turkish households within a life-cycle theory framework by employing cross-sectional analyses and cohort techniques. Cohort techniques are used not only to analyze these variables, but also to investigate the demographics and components of income and consumption. The analyses are deepened by dividing the sample according to the location of the households (urban-rural areas), and significant differences are found between urban and rural households, especially in terms of saving behaviors. Income, consumption and savings of formal and informal households are also investigated. Analyzing these households provides information regarding the precautionary saving since the higher income uncertainty of the informal households is expected to force them for extra saving due to precautionary motive. Finally, the life-cycle model and the precautionary saving hypothesis are tested by estimating log-linearized Euler equations. In the test of precautionary saving hypothesis, formal-informal data are used as a proxy for the risk variable. According to the estimation results, the predictions of the life-cycle model do not hold for Turkey but there is no evidence that this is due to precautionary saving.
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Arvesen, Anders. "Direct and Indirect Energy Consumption of Households in Beijing." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12877.
Анотація:
China's economy has grown at remarkable rates in the last three decades, bringing about big improvements in people's quality of life. On the downside, the increased economic activity has contributed to serious environmental problems, many of which are related to the country's energy system. Focusing particularly on Beijing, this study aims at illuminating how income growth and lifestyle changes relate to energy use in the society. An extended input-output analysis is applied to estimate the direct and indirect household energy consumption (HEC) of Beijing households at different levels of development in the year 2005. Using observations of how HEC varies across income groups in 2005 as a basis, projections of HEC towards 2015 are made. According to the results, the total HEC in Beijing amounts to 42% of the total direct energy use occurring in all sectors within Beijing's geographical boundaries. Hence, a significant portion of the energy use in the society can be linked with consumer activities. For urban residents, indirect influences on energy use are found to be more than three times greater than the direct influences. Mainly due to growing incomes, total HEC in urban Beijing will grow substantially in the period 2005-2015, even with overall efficiency improvements corresponding to the central government's targets. The results indicate that the share of transport related energy use to total HEC will increase significantly. Without major efficiency improvements, huge increases in transport related energy use is to be expected towards 2015. Air conditioners will be the most important single electrical appliance contributing to increased residential electricity consumption in the near future.Due to significant uncertainty, the figures should be taken as rough guides to the magnitude of different types of energy use only. Nonetheless, it is the author's opinion that the study produces valuable insights that can add to our understanding of the underlying drivers of energy use in the Beijing society. The estimates are considered sufficiently accurate to serve as a basis for making some recommendations for improving the energy efficiency of the society. Based on the findings of the study, the author calls on central and local governments to: 1) Further incorporate the important role of consumer behaviour and lifestyle into energy conservation policies; 2) Make strong efforts to mitigate transport related environmental problems, focusing attention both on producers and consumers; 3) Give high priority to constructing energy efficient buildings; 4) Further strengthen and expand the performance standard and labelling scheme for electrical appliances; 5) Consider imposing constraints on the promotion of consumerism by the mass media and advertising industry.
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Gross, Isaac. "Essays on macroeconomics and household heterogeneity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:67b69f93-f399-49f3-8e1c-b38b1b67bab1.
Анотація:
The goal of this thesis is to explore how household heterogeneity propagates and amplifies macroeconomic shocks within the economy using both economic theory and empirical data. The assumption of a single "representative" household has been a mainstay of macroeconomic research over the past half-century. However recent work suggests that not only is there a considerable degree of heterogeneity among households, but that these differences have a significant impact on a range of macroeconomic issues such as the e?ectiveness of fiscal stimulus (Kaplan et al., 2014; Broda and Parker, 2014), monetary policy (Auclert, 2017; Kaplan et al., 2016), the housing market (Attanasio et al., 2012; Blundell et al., 2008; Guerrieri and Iacoviello, 2017; Ngai et al., 2016; Mian et al., 2013), consumption (Ahn et al., 2017a; Blundell and Preston, 1998; Campbell and Cocco, 2007; Engelhardt, 1996) and employment (Ravn and Sterk, 2016; McKay and Reis, 2016; Abo-Zaid, 2013a) among many others. This literature has highlighted how households respond differently to aggregate shocks or changes in policy and how simply aggregating or averaging across them can obscure important truths about the economy. However, relaxing this assumption poses several challenges. The first is choosing the degree and manner in which households di?er. While in reality households can differ along many dimensions, in practice it is only feasible to include a small number of these in any given model. Thus one must choose the most salient dimensions along which households differ and the structural reasons behind such differences. For example, when examining the dynamics behind the housing market is it important to model differences in income, wealth, age, tastes or composition? No single model will be able to incorporate all these differences and so it is incumbent on researchers to proritise and justify their choices. In this thesis I will show why household heterogeneity in the housing and labour markets is both empirically relevant and an important consideration when considering the problem of optimal policy. The second challenge is a computational one. While models can be structured such that differentiated households make identical decisions, in general these differences will cause choices, and thus outcomes, across households to diverge. This produces a non-degenerate distribution of households across their specific state variables. This raises the problem of how this potentially infinite-dimension distribution is incorporated within the model. Previous literature has developed a range of options for handling this problem including approximating the distribution with a small handful of moments (Krusell and Smith, 1998) and approximating it with projection and perturbation methods (Reiter, 2009). In this thesis I will outline two different methods for dealing with this computational problem. The first, set out in Chapter 1, shows how market clearing prices can be feasibly calculated by aggregating over the distribution of households. The second approach involves simulating the model with aggregate uncertainty using numerical derivatives based on impulse response functions. The first chapter of this thesis will examine how heterogeneity in wealth and income affects households' decision to purchase housing and the implications for their consumption of non-durable goods. It constructs an Aiyagari-Bewley-Huggett model in which households are subject to an idiosyncratic income shock and thus hold different amounts of liquid wealth and illiquid housing. I then evaluate how the anticipated changes in household debt associated with the leveraged purchase of housing affect the consumption of non-durable goods. I show that the differences in income and wealth lead to significant variance in marginal propensities to consume among households. I show that households that are saving for a house deposit can have negative marginal propensities to consume as they lower their consumption in anticipation of being credit constrained as the probability that they will buy a house increases. This result has important implications for the design of fiscal policy, as it shows that payments to first time home buyers, which was a common policy response to the Global Financial Crisis, can lead to falls in aggregate consumption rather than stimulating growth. The second and third chapters examine how the combination of heterogeneity in workers' wages and downward nominal wage rigidity affects the transmission and design of different aspects of monetary policy. In Chapter 2 I show that in this environment there is a trade-off between a higher rate of inflation which gives workers more flexibility when setting real wages, at the cost of greater price dispersion in the goods market. After outlining a numerical algorithm to solve the model I use micro-data on the distribution of workers' change in wages to calibrate the nominal wage rigidity. I show that downward nominal wage rigidities bend the Phillips curve constraining the inflation rate from falling in times of low demand. This indicates that an inflation rate that is only moderately below its target can mask large falls in the output gap. Finally, I find that the monetary policy rule can be implemented by placing a higher weight on wage inflation, relative to a symmetric nominal wage rigidity. In Chapter 3 I discuss how downwardly rigid wages can amplify or mitigate the welfare loss caused by the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates and how this varies with the parameterisation of the model. I find that the optimal rate of inflation is increased by the presence of both nominal interest rate and wage rigidities, when modeled either separately or in tandem, and is 3 per cent in the baseline calibration of the model.
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Kinnan, Cynthia Georgia. "Smoothing consumption across households and time : essays in development economics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58203.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-163).
This thesis studies two strategies that households may use to keep their consumption smooth in the face of fluctuations in income and expenses: credit (borrowing and savings) and insurance (state contingent transfers between households). The first chapter asks why insurance among households in rural Thai villages is incomplete. The second chapter analyzes the impacts of micro-credit. The third chapter examines the interaction between interpersonal insurance and access to savings. The first chapter is motivated by the observation that interpersonal insurance within villages is an important source of insurance, yet consumption, while much smoother than income, is not completely smooth. That is, insurance is incomplete. This chapter attempts to identify the cause of this incompleteness. Existing research has suggested three possibilities: limited commitment-the inability of households to commit to remain within an insurance agreement; moral hazard-the need to give households incentives to work hard; and hidden income-the inability of households to verify one another's incomes. I show that the way in which "history" matters can be used to distinguish insurance constrained by hidden income from insurance constrained by limited commitment or moral hazard. This history dependence can be tested with a simple empirical procedure: predicting current marginal utility of consumption with the first lag of marginal utility and the first lag of income, and testing the significance of the lagged income term. This test is implemented using panel data from households in rural Thailand. The results are consistent with insurance constrained by hidden income, rather than limited commitment or moral hazard. I test the robustness of this result to measurement error using instrumental variables and by testing over-identifying restrictions on the reduced form equation for consumption. I test robustness to the specification of the utility function by nonparametric ally estimating marginal utility. The results suggest that constraints arising from private information about household income should be taken into account when designing safety net and other policies. My second chapter (co-authored with Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Rachel Glennerster) uses a randomized trial to analyze the impacts of micro credit in urban South India. We find that more new businesses are created in areas where a micro credit branch opens. Existing business owners increase their spending on durable goods but not non-durable consumption. Among households that did not have a business before the program began, those with high estimated propensity to start a business reduce non-durable consumption and increase spending on durables in treated areas. Those with low estimated propensity to start a business increase non-durable consumption and spend no more on durables. This suggests that some households use micro credit to pay part of the fixed cost of starting a business, some expand an existing business, and others pay off more expensive debt or borrow against future income. We find no effects on health, education, or women's empowerment. My third dissertation chapter (co-authored with Arun Chandrasekhar and Horacio Larreguy) is motivated by the observation that the ability of community members to insure one another may be significantly reduced when community members also have the ability to privately save some of their income. We conducted a laboratory experiment in rural South India to examine the impact of savings access on informal insurance. We find that transfers between players are reduced when savings is available, but that, on average, players smooth their consumption more with savings than without. We use social network data to compute social distance between pairs, and show that limited commitment constraints significantly limit insurance when risk-sharing partners are socially distant, but not when pairs are closely connected. For distant pairs, access to savings helps to smooth income risk that is not insured interpersonally.
by Cynthia Georgia Kinnan.
Ph.D.
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Martsynkevych, Vladlena. "Standby energy consumption in Ukraine making a case for households." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989356027/04.
Книги з теми "Households consumption":
1
Leitmann, Josef. How to collect data on household energy consumption. Washington, DC: Industry and Energy Dept., World Bank, 1989.
2
Raj, D. Solomon. Energy consumption pattern of households in India. New Delhi: Global Research Publications, 2011.
3
Crook, J. N. Credit constraints and US households. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, Management School, 1995.
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Dennerlein, Rudolf. Energieverbrauch privater Haushalte: Die Bedeutung von Technik und Verhalten. Augsburg: MaroVerlag, 1990.
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M, Magrabi Frances, ed. The Economics of household consumption. New York: Praeger, 1991.
6
Benito, Andrew. Does job insecurity affect household consumption? London: Bank of England, 2004.
7
Gambia. The consumption of households of the Gambia integrated household survey 2003-2004. Kanifing, Gambia: Gambia Bureau of Statistics, 2007.
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Gambia. The consumption of households of the Gambia integrated household survey 2003-2004. Kanifing, Gambia: Gambia Bureau of Statistics, 2007.
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S, Chern Wen, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Analysis of the food consumption of Japanese households. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003.
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Mark, Overton, ed. Production and consumption in English households, 1600-1750. London: Routledge, 2004.
Частини книг з теми "Households consumption":
1
Negishi, Takashi. "Households and Consumption." In Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, 29–50. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54535-4_3.
2
Goldsmith, Elizabeth B. "Households: Productivity and Consumption." In Social Influence and Sustainable Consumption, 105–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20738-4_7.
3
Danlami, Abubakar Hamid, and Shri Dewi Applanaidu. "Sustaining a Cleaner Environment by Curbing Down Biomass Energy Consumption." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1423–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_211.
Анотація:
AbstractEnvironmental degradation, soil erosion, and desertification are some of the consequences of high rate of traditional biomass fuel use by households in developing countries. The critical issues to raise here are how can these households be encouraged to change their energy consumption behavior? What are the factors that cause the rampant use of biomass fuel in developing countries? How and to what extent can these factors be manipulated so that households in developing countries are encouraged to adopt clean energy fuel an alternative to the most widely used biomass fuel? Therefore, this chapter tries to find answer to the above questions raised, by carrying out an in depth analysis of households’ use of biomass fuel in developing countries using Bauchi State, Nigeria, as the case study. Cluster area sampling technique was utilized to generate the various responses, where a total number of 539 respondents were analyzed. The study estimated ordered logit model to analyze the factors that influence the movement of households along the energy ladder from nonclean energy to the cleaner energy. Furthermore, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model was estimated to analyze the impacts of socio-economic, residential, and environmental factors on biomass energy consumption. It was found that age of the household head and his level of education, income, living in urban areas, home ownership, and hours of electricity supply have positive and significant impact on household energy switching from traditional biomass energy use to the cleaner energy. Therefore, policies that will enhance household income and the increase in the availability of cheap cleaner energy will encourage households switching to cleaner energy sources thereby reducing the level of environmental pollution in the study area.
4
Danlami, Abubakar Hamid, and Shri Dewi Applanaidu. "Sustaining a Cleaner Environment by Curbing Down Biomass Energy Consumption." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_211-1.
Анотація:
AbstractEnvironmental degradation, soil erosion, and desertification are some of the consequences of high rate of traditional biomass fuel use by households in developing countries. The critical issues to raise here are how can these households be encouraged to change their energy consumption behavior? What are the factors that cause the rampant use of biomass fuel in developing countries? How and to what extent can these factors be manipulated so that households in developing countries are encouraged to adopt clean energy fuel an alternative to the most widely used biomass fuel? Therefore, this chapter tries to find answer to the above questions raised, by carrying out an in depth analysis of households’ use of biomass fuel in developing countries using Bauchi State, Nigeria, as the case study. Cluster area sampling technique was utilized to generate the various responses, where a total number of 539 respondents were analyzed. The study estimated ordered logit model to analyze the factors that influence the movement of households along the energy ladder from nonclean energy to the cleaner energy. Furthermore, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model was estimated to analyze the impacts of socio-economic, residential, and environmental factors on biomass energy consumption. It was found that age of the household head and his level of education, income, living in urban areas, home ownership, and hours of electricity supply have positive and significant impact on household energy switching from traditional biomass energy use to the cleaner energy. Therefore, policies that will enhance household income and the increase in the availability of cheap cleaner energy will encourage households switching to cleaner energy sources thereby reducing the level of environmental pollution in the study area.
5
Wethal, Ulrikke. "Practices, Provision and Protest: Power Outages in Rural Norwegian Households." In Consumption, Sustainability and Everyday Life, 135–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11069-6_6.
Анотація:
AbstractElectricity plays a vital role in everyday life. However, electricity-dependent practices are often taken for granted, and the complex underlying infrastructure tends to be invisible—until power supply is disrupted. Drawing on qualitative interviews with rural Norwegian households, this chapter takes practices as the starting point for examining how daily life changes during power outages and how households experience the consequences of such outages. The aim is to use households’ perspectives to understand the consequences of power outages and show how disruption influences relations between infrastructures, practices, customers and providers. Using the three elements of practice—materials, competences, meanings—I demonstrate how power failures temporarily break the linkages between elements in electricity-dependent practices, and how households forge linkages between other items and technologies, embodied knowledge and competences, and new meanings, in order to continue daily life. This re-assembling of elements in practices demonstrates the complexity of power-outage consequences and explains how rural Norwegian households can cope relatively well with lengthy power outages. The chapter also sheds light on the difficulties of trying to reduce consequences to monetary terms. Rather than worrying about the economic costs of power outages, households focus on maintaining their daily routines. The ability to adapt during outages demonstrates a relatively high level of flexibility, but this does not mean that households do not value having secure power supplies.
6
Schmutzler, Armin. "Consumption and Savings Decisions of Households." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 157–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95671-3_6.
7
Moezzi, Mithra, Harold Wilhite, Loren Lutzenhiser, and Françoise Bartiaux. "Solar Water Heating: Informing Decarbonization Policy by Listening to the Users." In Consumption, Sustainability and Everyday Life, 85–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11069-6_4.
Анотація:
AbstractSolar water heating, working correctly, can slash fossil fuel use in households. These systems have been popular in some countries for decades. But even in places environmentally well-suited to solar water heating, the technology is not necessarily widely used. Despite favourable weather, its early embrace of rooftop photovoltaics, and a generous decade-long incentive program, solar water heating is uncommon in California households. While there are many possible explanations, there has been little fieldwork on who uses solar water heating, the experiences of those who do, and how they relate to these conventional explanations. This chapter presents a picture of what we learned by talking to California households who use solar water heating systems, and relates these findings to policies and strategies for achieving low-carbon futures. The interviews were an unusual ethnographic element of a larger research project that sought to provide a broad view of the socio-technical landscape of solar water heating in California. We also discuss the role of these interviews in that project and the challenges of producing an integrated socio-technical analysis that can satisfactorily inform technology-centred solutions to problems seen by policy.
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Shaw, Eric H., William Lazer, and Allen E. Smith. "Macro Consumption Patterns of Black American Households." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 3–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17392-4_2.
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McEachern, Steven. "Households, Work, Time Use and Energy Consumption." In Ways of Living, 33–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230273993_3.
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Jayasinghe, Maneka. "Socio-economic and Demographic Characteristics of Sri Lankan Households." In Poverty, Food Consumption, and Economic Development, 29–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8743-3_3.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Households consumption":
1
Kehayova-Stoycheva, Maria, and Svilen Ivanov. "Differences in Household Intentions for Sustainable Food Consumption." In 7th International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2023.235.
Анотація:
The main purpose of this paper is to present part of the results of a survey carried out on the territory of Bulgaria among the households of three Bulgarian cities. The research was conducted in two waves and covered 2,117 Bulgarian households, with the data collected through a survey. The focus of the presented results falls on examining the relationships between some demographic characteristics such as income, education, dwelling size, place of residence, household size, household life cycle, and intentions to consume sustainably produced food. The results of the study show the existence of relationships that can be analyzed. The revealed, albeit weak, regional differences in the intentions of households from the three cities to consume sustainably produced food and food products can be used in the construction of marketing strategies and tools aimed at stimulating the consumption of sustainably produced food products.
2
Ristić, Jadranka, and Vojkan Vučković. "SMANJENJE POTROŠNJE ELEKTRIČNE ENERGIJE KUPACA IZ KATEGORIJE DOMAĆINSTVO PRIMENOM ZAKLJUČKA VLADE REPUBLIKE SRBIJE." In 36. Savetovanja CIGRE Srbija 2023 Fleksibilnost elektroenergetskog sistema. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre36.1767r.
Анотація:
In the period of the global energy crisis, just before the winter period of 2022/2023. year, the Government of the Republic of Serbia adopted a Conclusion, which recommended the Public Company "Elektroprivreda Srbije" Belgrade to calculate a discount for customers from the "household" category for the rational consumption of electricity. In this way, all households in the Republic of Serbia were motivated to reduce electricity consumption, which the vast majority did. This paper describes in detail the criteria for calculating discounts for rational consumption of electricity for customers from the "household" category, the number of households and the amount of electricity they have reduced. Also, the financial benefits achieved both for customers from the "household" category and for the Public Enterprise "Elektroprivreda Srbije" Belgrade are described. The aim of the work is to support households to reduce electricity consumption in the Republic of Serbia, during the period of the global energy crisis.
3
Enache, Calcedonia. "Financial Stability of Romanian Households in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic Shocks." In 9th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2023/09/059.
Анотація:
The present paper examines the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the financial situation of Romanian Households, using a simple random sampling without replacement. For a larger investigation of the survey results, that offers a new perception in looking at issues of financial stability, a binary logistic regression model was applied in order to econometrically quantify the relationship between determinants and respondents' behavior regarding the use of savings to pay bills and credits commitment during the coronavirus pandemic. The results of the model show that the respondents’ household with four members and over used 2.75 times more savings to pay bills and credits commitment than those consisting of three or fewer members. It should be mention that, among the respondents participating in the research, slightly over 28 percent of the respondents have no emergency savings at all. In addition, less than a quarter of the responses (16.5 percent) indicate that staple foods were purchased with borrowed money in order to meet the basic consumption needs. The analysis of households’ resilience to shocks is significant in the epidemic context, as the ability of households to cope with the shock determines how much consumption will decrease and whether debtors will register outstanding debts.
4
Kott, M. "The electricity consumption in polish households." In 2015 Modern Electric Power Systems (MEPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/meps.2015.7477166.
5
Horsky, Vitalii. "PECULIARITIES OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BY HOUSEHOLDS." In Science in the Context of Modern Challenges: Problems and Development Priorities. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-318-7-3.
6
Soud, D., and P. Standley. "Characterisation of energy consumption in domestic households." In IET Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2011). IET, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.0169.
7
Wang, Lu, Mian Liu, and Shu-Yan Cao. "Sustainable Energy Consumption in Beijing Rural Households." In The 2nd Annual International Workshop on Materials Science and Engineering (IWMSE 2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813226517_0093.
8
Tiwari, Vidhulekha, Arnab Jana, and Santanu Bandyopadhyay. "Choice of Cooking and Lighting Energy Sources in Households: Empirical Evidence from Urban India." In ENERGISE 2023. Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62576/fvnj6197.
Анотація:
Household energy consumption constitutes approximately 30% of India's total energy usage. Since the fuel choice for cooking and lighting includes unclean fuels like kerosene, coal, dung cakes and firewood, studying it becomes imperative. This study examines the fuel choice for cooking and lighting in urban Indian households through Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis. The analysis incorporates variables depicting household economy, such as land ownership, expenditure, employment type, housing ownership, meals served, and access to the public distribution system. It is assumed that households make choices based on their specific household characteristics to maximise fuel utility. This study utilises data from the Household Consumer Expenditure Survey (2011-12) conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) of India. Results show that employment type, amount of food cooked, fuel availability, and household expenditure capacity significantly influence fuel choices. Additionally, households using cleaner fuels experience lower expenses for cooking and lighting due to improved fuel efficiency.
9
Kuncova, Martina. "Electricity supplier selection by a household in the Czech Republic in 2017 and 2018 – Monte Carlo simulation approach." In The 7th International Workshop on Simulation for Energy, Sustainable Development & Environment. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.sesde.002.
Анотація:
The situation on the electricity retail market in the Czech Republic is not clear because of the number of suppliers and its products. Although the information about the prices for the electricity consumption for households is available on the web and each household can change the supplier nearly with no extra effort and cost, households are still often not familiar with the individual price items of the products. In this article the analysis of the Czech electricity market from the distribution rate D25d point of view is made for the years 2017-2018 when the household annual consumption is simulated via Monte Carlo simulation model. The aim of this paper is to select such a supplier and product that minimizes the total costs of the electricity for a household for the selected distribution rate and compare it with the results from the previous years.
10
Ventrella, Jennifer, and Nordica MacCarty. "Development and Pilot Study of an Integrated Sensor System to Measure Fuel Consumption and Cookstove Use." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86041.
Анотація:
Accurate, accessible methods for monitoring and evaluation of improved cookstoves are necessary to optimize designs, quantify impacts, and ensure programmatic success. Despite recent advances in cookstove monitoring technologies, there are no existing devices that autonomously measure fuel use in a household over time and this important metric continues to rely on in-person visits to conduct measurements by hand. To address this need, researchers at Oregon State University and Waltech Systems have developed the Fuel, Usage, and Emissions Logger (FUEL), an integrated sensor platform that quantifies fuel consumption and cookstove use by monitoring the mass of the household’s fuel supply with a load cell and the cookstove body temperature with a thermocouple. Following a proof-of-concept study of five prototypes in Honduras, a pilot study of one hundred prototypes was conducted in the Apac District of northern Uganda for one month. The results were used to evaluate user engagement with the system, verify technical performance, and develop algorithms to quantify fuel consumption and stove usage over time. Due to external hardware malfunctions, 31% of the deployed FUEL sensors did not record data. However, results from the remaining 69% of sensors indicated that 82% of households used the sensor consistently for a cumulative 2188 days. Preliminary results report an average daily fuel consumption of 6.3 ± 1.9 kg across households. Detailed analysis algorithms are still under development. With higher quality external hardware, it is expected that FUEL will perform as anticipated, providing long-term, quantitative data on cookstove adoption, fuel consumption, and emissions.
Звіти організацій з теми "Households consumption":
1
Giavazzi, Francesco, and Michael McMahon. The Households Effects of Government Consumption. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17837.
2
McRae, Shaun D. Residential Electricity Consumption and Adaptation to Climate Change by Colombian Households. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005017.
Анотація:
This paper provides the first empirical estimates of the relationship between temperatures and household electricity consumption in Colombia, using electricity billing and weather data from 2010 to 2019. I find that higher temperatures (or higher values of the heat index) increase electricity consumption, with the largest effects observed for high-income households in regions with hot climates. However, I show that there has been partial convergence between low- and high-income households, with the effect of temperature on electricity consumption in lower-income neighborhoods more than doubling between 2011 and 2019. These results align with survey evidence of increased air conditioning adoption. Nevertheless, further growth in air conditioning adoption and use is required to alleviate the health effects of more frequent and severe heatwaves due to climate change.
3
S. Basso, Henrique, Ourania Dimakou, and Myroslav Pidkuyko. How consumption carbon emission intensity varies across Spanish households. Madrid: Banco de España, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29855.
Анотація:
The prominence of emission mitigation policies calls for an understanding of their potential distributional impact. To assess the distributional heterogeneity, we quantify and analyse the consumption emission intensity, defined as carbon emissions per unit of consumption, across households in Spain. With the exception of the poorest households, emission intensity decreases with income and peaks for households whose head is middle-aged (40 years old). Moreover, households whose main earner is less educated and male emit more per unit of expenditure. Thus, emission mitigation policies may disproportionately impact middle-aged households whose income is around €1,000, and whose head is male and less educated.
4
S. Basso, Henrique, Ourania Dimakou, and Myroslav Pidkuyko. How inflation varies across Spanish households. Madrid: Banco de España, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29792.
Анотація:
Inflation has distributional effects. Leveraging the data on consumption expenditure on goods across households provided in the Spanish Household Budget Survey we estimate household-specific inflation from 2006 to 2021 in Spain and analyse how it varies according to households’ known characteristics. We show that households with lower income and more members and whose head is less educated, older and male experience higher inflation. Lastly, we also depict the effects of the most recent price increases across households. The differences are substantial: in 2021, inflation for lower-income households (bottom quartile) was 2 percentage points higher than for higher-income households (top quartile), while for households whose head is over the age of 60 it was 1.5 percentage points higher than for younger households.
5
Attanasio, Orazio P., and Miguel Székely. Wage Shocks and Consumption Variability in Mexico during the 1990s. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011255.
Анотація:
This paper presents evidence on the relationship between economic shocks to relative male wages and changes in household consumption in Mexico during the 1990s, which is a period characterized by high volatility. In addition to performing this type of analysis for Mexico for the first time, the paper makes two main contributions. The first is the use of alternative data sources to construct instrumental variables for wages. The second is to examine differences across four consumption categories: non-durable goods, durable goods, education and health. Our results for non-durable goods consumption reject the hypothesis that Mexican households are able to insure idiosyncratic risk. For the comparisons across consumption categories, the conclusion is that households in Mexico tend to react to temporary shocks by contracting the consumption of goods that represent longer-run investment in human capital, which makes them more vulnerable in the future.
6
Martínez Jorge, Angel, and Javier Martínez Santos. Heterogeneous response and spillover effects of SSB taxes. Esade EcPol, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56269/20230327/amj.
Анотація:
In this paper we evaluate the taxation of sugar-sweetened and edulcorated beverages by using the natural quasi-experiment in Spain: in 2021 an increase in Value Added Tax was introduced in all regions of Spain except for some of them, which do not have VAT. These regions serve as a control group offering a unique opportunity in the literature for two reasons, the guarantee of avoiding cross-border consumer movements due to their geographical location and the opportunity to have a household consumption database with a rich set of characteristics. We find a pass-through of the tax to prices of over 95\% and a fall in soft drink consumption of 15\% among the poorest tertile of households, especially among those with children aged 5-16. In addition, we find a significant reduction in spending on unhealthy complementary goods among the same households in the first tertile. However, the remaining households did not react to the tax by reducing either their consumption of soft drinks or their consumption of complementary goods. Our results show the importance of considering the structure and economic capacity of the household, as well as the response of the consumption of complementary goods, when assessing the effect of this type of tax on consumption.
7
Nguyen, Kim. Do Australian Households Borrow to Keep up with the Joneses? Reserve Bank of Australia, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2022-06.
Анотація:
I examine whether and how local income inequality affects household debt and its composition using household panel data for Australia from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. I find that middle-income households without liquidity and credit constraints tend to borrow more for non-residential investment purposes as local income inequality rises, suggesting that they are trying to close the income gap. They also appear to try to close the consumption gap by accumulating more car debt with a rise in local income inequality. Both findings are consistent with households 'keeping up with the Joneses', but unlikely to have implications for macrofinancial stability given that households taking on debt appear well resourced.
8
Cooper, Daniel, Barry Cynamon, and Steven Fazzari. Sustainable Consumption and the Comprehensive Economic Well-Being of American Households. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2023.05.
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Ferreira, Clodomiro, José Miguel Leiva, Galo Nuño, Álvaro Ortiz, Tomasa Rodrigo, and Sirenia Vazquez. The heterogeneous impact of inflation on households’ balance sheets. Madrid: Banco de España, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/35932.
Анотація:
We identify and study analytically three key channels that shape how inflation affects wealth inequality: (i) the traditional wealth (or Fisher) channel through which inflation redistributes from lenders to borrowers; (ii) an income channel through which inflation reduces the real value of sticky wages and benefits; and (iii) a relative consumption channel through which heterogeneous increases in the prices of different goods affect people differently depending on their consumption baskets. We then quantify these channels during the 2021 inflation surge in Spain using detailed, high-frequency customer-level data from one of the main commercial banks. The unexpected nature of the inflation shock and its perception as temporary in this period in particular closely fit the assumptions behind our theoretical decomposition. Results show that the wealth and income channels are an order of magnitude larger than the consumption channel. Middle-aged individuals were, in net terms, largely unaffected by inflation, while the elderly suffered the most. We find similar results when using representative surveys on households’ wealth, income, and consumption.
10
Parker, Jonathan. Why Don't Households Smooth Consumption? Evidence from a 25 Million Dollar Experiment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21369.