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Статті в журналах з теми "Historic rural landscape"
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Chen, Yueying, and Wenbin Wei. "Alterations of Historic Rural Landscape Based on the Multifunctional Approach: The Case of Coastal Fishing Villages in the Yangtze River Basin." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 18, 2022): 7451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127451.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The historic landscape is an important component of a village, and the alteration of villages is a necessary process of development. To analyze characteristics of historic rural landscape alterations and the reasons behind them, this study utilized a landscape multifunctional approach and a comprehensive methodology comprising space syntax and field investigations. This study divides the historic rural landscape into two types, ecology-led and production-led patterns, which validate the relationship among ecology, social properties, and cultural connotation in space, offering a new perspective on the alteration of historic rural landscapes. Our findings indicate the interaction among ecology, production, and lives, both diachronically and synchronically, and suggest that it is possible to maintain ecological harmony, functional transformation, and the inheritance of cultural connotation through improving historic rural landscapes.
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Di Fazio, Salvatore, and Giuseppe Modica. "Historic Rural Landscapes: Sustainable Planning Strategies and Action Criteria. The Italian Experience in the Global and European Context." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 3834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113834.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper focuses on the historic and cultural dimension of landscape, in relation to the holistic and dynamic approach today required in landscape research. In this direction, the Authors investigate the present role played by historical rural landscapes in relation to their multifaceted character and function. In recent years there has been an ever-growing appreciation of their cultural value, depending on the differential speed of environmental change (relatively high) and people’s adaptation to it (relatively slow), as a matter of compensation. Although reference is often made to the global and the European contexts, Italy is given special attention, since the long history of civilization known by its rural landscapes makes them particularly worthy of consideration and offers a wide variety of examples assuming a more general interest. The main changes occurred in the Italian rural landscapes over the last two centuries are described by referring to their main causes and to the parallel change observed in the urban-rural dialectic. The notion of “cultural landscape”, as it emerges from the international debate and documents, is applied to historic rural landscapes, according to a varied range of conditions and characteristics. Knowledge, identification, interpretation and characterization are fundamental actions to define sustainable landscape management strategies. These last should be diversified according to landscape character, functionality, integrity and obsolescence, not being limited to outstanding landscapes only but considering all rural landscapes as heritage. To this end, heritage strategies and policies must go together with agricultural sectorial policies, since agriculture and farmers are the major actors of rural landscape protection and transformation. EU Common Agricultural Policy is considered by focusing on its effect on rural landscape and proposals coming from the heritage experts for its future implementation are examined. Emerging strategic measures and action criteria are singled out and presented. In any case, to protect historic rural landscapes, balanced change-dynamics and development vitality should be strengthened if present, introduced if not, so as to assure resilience. Neo-rurality today expresses the search for sustainable lifestyles, green development models and a better quality of life, implicitly offering new opportunities for the revitalisation of historic rural landscapes. Finally, a holistic approach and multidisciplinary cooperation are needed to allow for an effective synthesis of the many cultural visions, which today concern the theme of landscape.
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Hardesty, Donald. "Managing the Historic Rural Landscape; Managing Historic Sites and Buildings: Reconciling Presentation and Preservation:Managing the Historic Rural Landscape.;Managing Historic Sites and Buildings: Reconciling Presentation and Preservation." American Anthropologist 103, no. 2 (June 2001): 587–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2001.103.2.587.
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Cleere, H. "Book Review: Managing the Historic Rural Landscape; Managing Historic Sites and Buildings." European Journal of Archaeology 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146195710100400210.
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Nurme, Sulev, Zenia Kotval, Nele Nutt, Mart Hiob, and Sirle Salmistu. "Baroque manorial cores and the landscape." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 2 (November 17, 2014): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-06-2013-0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The concepts of “historically valuable landscape,” “historical landscape space,” “landscape space attached to an object of cultural importance,” etc. seem to be understood by most landscape professionals, yet these terms are highly abstract with many possible interpretations. The protected zone of cultural monuments prescribed by law helps to ensure the preservation of these historic artifacts and signifiers of local heritage. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper seeks to provide guidelines that can be articulated to protect cultural landscapes. These guidelines are based on a manorial core study was carried out in 2010 to analyze the changes in road networks and spatial systems of manors over the past 150 years. This study is part of a larger research effort on different aspects of Estonian baroque manor gardens. Findings – Many landscapes may contain historically relevant objects and phenomena not protected by law, which, nevertheless form the basis of a unique local landscape. The altering of such a landscape not only changes its natural form, but may directly impact the cultural identity and milieu of the area, thereby affecting how its inhabitants relate to their environment. Originality/value – Preservation of historic buildings and landscapes plays an important role particularly in relation to manor landscapes. This network has remained well preserved, and the rural landscape based on this Baltic-German manor culture is still strongly reflected in the current landscape through the existing historic landscape elements like housing, viewsheds, roads, etc. Without landscape analysis, it can be challenging for an outsider to understand the spatial context, especially when it has changed and evolved through the years.
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Swensen, Grete, and Anne Sætren. "Managing historic resources in active farming landscapes." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (May 13, 2014): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-12-2012-0072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – To counteract processes of landscape deterioration, marginalisation and loss of cultural heritage due to rural restructuring of farming in late-modern Norwegian society, an agricultural landscape scheme started up in 2009. The purpose of this paper is to examine the way this recently introduced strategy of directing particular resources to a group of selected agricultural landscapes contributes in instigating integrated landscape management and to gain insight in the role cultural heritage play. Design/methodology/approach – The authors ask how potential conflicts between local interpretations of cultural heritage and the assessments made by authoritative heritage managers are expressed in the initial planning documents. Findings – While the reasoning and selection of the two areas are strongly influenced by the authoritative heritage discourse, the agricultural landscape scheme is nonetheless open to local adaptations and adjustments, and the two plans vary both in form and contents due to the major stress put on active involvement of farmers to render long-term management feasible. Research limitations/implications – Examination of the role cultural heritage plays is part of a larger research project where problems related to biodiversity, legal implication and public participation are dealt with separately. Originality/value – The study will provide important results for future adjustments and potential enlargement and has transfer value to conservation schemes in other European countries.
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Karvelyte-Balbieriene, Vilma, and Indre Grazuleviciute-Vileniske. "Sustainability of Lithuanian villages with churches and landscape." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (May 13, 2014): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-09-2012-0043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical, cultural, and social significance and the role in landscapes of Lithuanian villages with churches and to formulate the hypothetical framework for their revitalization and consequent sustainable development of country's rural landscape. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology of the research encompassed the desktop study (analysis of literature, archival data, maps, and statistical data) and the analyses on site (observation, measurements, and recording in photographs of buildings and urban structures). Findings – The findings of the research include the analysis of the historical development of country's rural settlements with the religious function, formulation of the notion of the contemporary village with church, identification of the contemporary network of country's villages with churches and analysis of their current socioeconomic and sociocultural situation and the role in rural landscape. The results of the analyses were used formulating the hypothetical framework for the revitalization of the villages with churches and the sustainable development of the rural landscape. Originality/value – The analysis of literature demonstrated that Lithuanian villages with churches and their significance for the sustainable development of country's rural landscape are paradoxically neglected subjects. Meanwhile, the foreign experience has demonstrated that historic rural settlements, including the settlements with the religious function, are important not only as separate cultural assets but also can play an important role in the identity, viability, and the sustainable development of rural landscapes. Thus the findings of the research demonstrating the peculiarities and potential of Lithuanian villages with churches can be used in the fields of heritage preservation, landscape management, and rural development.
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Trapani, Ferdinando, Raffaele Savarese, and Fabiola Safonte. "A Territorial Approach to the Production of Urban and Rural Landscape." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v3iss1.188.
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The authors, starting from the examination of the historic data of Palermo landscapes on the south-east side, draws up an analysis of the landscape by illustrating the environmental characteristics and the intervention of man in its transformations. Therefore, determined by a certain point to refer to, the author, on the basis of archival, literary, and existing graphic documentation, has therefore sought to illustrate the evolution of the landscape in the geographical area of Maredolce while still presenting relations with the territory of Palermo. Examining the diaries at the end of the eighteenth century with the help of the water colored planks of the sites taking into account the great patrimony left by landscape painters of the period brought a great deal of information. In this sense it is possible to evaluate the transformation of Maredolce from swampy and abandoned land of the last seventeenth century (end of sugary activity) to that of new irrigation agriculture. Transformation that is common to the entire territory of Palermo, with which numerous comparisons are also carried out on the basis of archival documentation. With the introduction of the industrial economy of the citrus which has wiped out any past historical stratification; before being swept by the cementation of the ‘Conca d’Oro’ which still lasts and of which Maredolce (historic palace and its garden) is the last environmental and cultural heritage as a holistic ecosystem that should absolutely be saved by using integrated urban planning with responsible architectonic restoration approaches.
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Obeso Muñiz, Ícaro. "The spatial diffusion of economic activity in the Oviedo region (1970-2018)." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 72 (December 12, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo2019.72.09.
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The spread of economic activity in the Oviedo region in northern Spain in recent decades has deeply altered the territorial model. The traditional dichotomy between rural and urban landscapes is blurring, and many functions are being relocated in formerly rural areas. The construction of motorways, and other transport infrastructures, accompanied by the triggering action of both public and private investment, lax legal frameworks, and the amount of flat land, are the main factors that explain the process. Using historic aerial photographs and data gathered by public institutions, this article offers thematic maps to understand the phases and distribution of the spatial diffusion process. The spatial-temporal sequence of landscape changes helps us understand the processes of development in a peri-urban landscape characterised by a diffusion of functions and its role in landscape configuration.
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Garcia, Cecília Souza Gontijo, Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva, Schirley Fátima Nogueira da Silva Cavalcante Alves, and Mariel De Carvalho Rafael Salgado. "Transformations in the gardens and landscapes of the historical Traituba’s Farm." Ornamental Horticulture 23, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v23i1.953.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The historic garden should be considered one that has cultural significance, being not only the squares and public gardens, but also its first manifests found in the form of orchard garden and vegetable garden in the historic farms of Brazil. Traituba’s Farm located in southern Minas Gerais, on the Royal Road route, is considered an important historical farm that emerged in the eighteenth century during the settlement process of this region. It was in the same period, that current rural landscape from southern Minas Gerais, composed of several other historic farms and the historic rural gardens began their formation process. The aim of this study was to conduct a historical and cultural rescue of the gardens and landscapes of the Traituba’s Farm. With this rescue, characterize and analyze their landscapes in their different ages, as well as identify and understand the main morphological changes of its gardens included in the architectural complex of the farm. This study focused on the period between 1725 and 2013. To trace the historical, cultural and landscape evolution, it was made researches through site visits, interviews, bibliographic and iconographic research, always following the principles of studies of historic gardens. Traituba’s Farm since its formation was always a region icon, because of its wealth, power and intense trade. Its landscapes have undergone many changes and are characterized initially as a pastoral model, then the bucolic and picturesque style, after the construction of the new farmhouse. With the decline of its activities, decades later the model that remained was the picturesque and pastoral as its origin. For a long time, its gardens were presented as orchards gardens and vegetable gardens with utilitarian characteristics, influenced by the Portuguese culture. Just in 1950s the front yard received a significant intervention and new species were planted where that the design can be seen until today. The significance of this paper is due to the historical value of the Traituba’s Farm, the magnificence of its architectural ensemble, peculiarity of gardens and landscapes, and great cultural representation in the region
Дисертації з теми "Historic rural landscape"
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Martinho, da Silva Isabel. "Historic anthropogenic factors shaping the rural landscape of Portugal's Interior Alentejo." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289759.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
European rural landscapes are currently going through a process of degradation. In some regions, degradation arises via the intensification and industrialization of agricultural practices. On others, it results from the extensification of farming or even from its abandonment. This process, which leads to environmental and cultural loss, has been raising concerns about the preservation of European rural landscapes. But, while some conservation measures have already been enacted, the preservation of European rural landscapes faces several problems. One of the main difficulties results from the lack of knowledge about the process of landscape change, as this knowledge is fundamental to control landscape evolution. Within this context, this work brings some knowledge about the evolution of rural landscapes in Interior Alentejo, a region located in southern Portugal. Interior Alentejo is currently going through a process of landscape degradation via the extensification and abandonment of farming practices. The main rural landscapes identified in the region are: forest, montado, permanent crop landscapes, and open fields. Under permanent crop landscapes are classified orchards, olive groves, vineyards, mixed farming areas and tree coplanted fields. This dissertation describes the historic evolution of Interior Alentejo rural landscape from pre-history to present times. This study reveals the emergence of each landscape type and their main changes throughout history. At the same time, it allows the identification of the main anthropogenic factors of landscape change, and corresponding rules of action. To evaluate the effect of the interaction between anthropogenic factors and the main ecological factor varying in the region (soil fertility), the landscape evolution in counties with low and high soil fertility has been studied separately. Cultural heritage, political stability, the market, policies, social structure, population density, and technology have been the main anthropogenic factors of landscape change in Interior Alentejo. Knowledge about their rules of action, i.e., about their effect on the landscape, might be used to predict landscape changes and to control the process of landscape evolution.
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Wan, Cheuk-ting Jennifer. "Protect or pull down - in search of planning and heritage conservation of walled villages in Hong Kong : case studies of Nga Tsin Wai & Kat Hing Wai /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19906638.
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Cannon, Anne O'Kane. "Pastoralism and the landscape : a lower Lachlan survey." Master's thesis, Department of Prehistory and Historical Archaeology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8639.
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Dal, Pozzo Angelica. "Il paesaggio rurale storico nella proposta italiana del MIPAAF. Confronti internazionali, discussione teorica, applicazioni metodologiche." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426335.
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The aim of the research is to reflect on the recent project promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry policies (MiPAAF), which is aimed at the identification and cataloguing of Italian historical rural landscapes. The research has been developed through a twofold path: (I) the investigation and comparison of the Italian proposal with similar projects at international level; and (II) the application of the Italian methodologies to some study areas in the national territory. In accordance with the dual course of reflection and analysis, the thesis is articulated into two parts to which the conclusions follow.
The first part is dedicated to the investigation of the institutional projects on historical rural landscapes, adopted at national and international level, and their comparative study.
The second part is specifically focused on the Italian proposal by means of applications and discussion of the ministerial methodologies.
The final chapter, as a conclusion of the whole work, gathers possible orientations for the Italian project, as a result of the comparison with the international projects and the application of the Italian methodologies in the selected study areas.Il lavoro di ricerca si è proposto di studiare il recente progetto di individuazione e di catalogazione dei paesaggi rurali storici italiani, promosso dal Ministero delle Politiche Agricole, Alimentari e Forestali (MiPAAF). L’articolazione del lavoro si è sviluppata attraverso un duplice percorso: (I) la ricerca e il confronto con simili progettualità attive a livello internazionale e (II) l’applicazione delle metodologie proposte per il progetto italiano su alcune aree studio del territorio nazionale. In virtù del duplice percorso di riflessione e di analisi, il lavoro di tesi è articolato in due parti alle quali seguono le conclusioni. La prima parte è dedicata alla presentazione dei progetti istituzionali sui paesaggi rurali storici, attivi a livello nazionale e internazionale, e al loro studio comparativo; la seconda parte è specificamente incentrata sull’analisi della proposta italiana, attraverso l’applicazione e la discussione delle metodologie proposte. Chiude la tesi un capitolo conclusivo che raccoglie possibili indirizzi di sviluppo futuri per il progetto italiano, maturati dal confronto con le esperienze internazionali e dall’applicazione dei metodi sui casi di studio scelti.
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McKenzie, Joanne T. "Deep anthropogenic topsoils in Scotland : a geoarchaeological and historical investigation into distribution, character and conservation under modern land cover." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Deep anthropogenic topsoils – those augmented through long-term additions of mineral bulk among fertilising agents – retain in both their physical and chemical make-up significant indicators for cultural activity. This project researched the geographical distribution and historical context of deep anthropogenic topsoils in Scotland and the Isles, and used this information to investigate the impact of current land cover upon the cultural information they retain. In so doing, the project investigated the potential for conservation of this significant cultural resource. A review of the historical information available on agricultural and manuring practices for Scotland identified several factors likely to affect deep topsoil distribution and frequency. These were: the availability of bulk manures to Scottish farmers, the significance of the seaweed resource in determining fertiliser strategies in coastal areas, and the influence of urban settlement and associated patterns of domestic and industrial waste disposal on the location of deep topsoils. Evidence for widespread deep topsoil development was limited. The primary data source used – the First Statistical Account of Scotland – was manipulated into a spatial database in ArcView GIS, to which geographical data from the Soil Survey of Scotland and national archaeological survey databases were added. This was used to devise a survey programme aiming both to investigate the potential factors affecting soil development listed above, and to locate deep topsoil sites for analysis. Three sites were identified with deep topsoils under different cover types (woodland, arable and pasture). The urban-influenced context of two of these highlighted the significance of urban settlement to the location of Scottish deep topsoils. Analysis of pH, organic matter, and total phosphorus content showed a correlation between raised organic matter and a corresponding increase in phosphorus content in soils under permanent vegetation. By contrast, soils under arable cultivation showed no such rise. This was attributed to the action of cropping in removing modern organic inputs prior to down-profile cycling. The potential for pasture and woodland cover to affect relict soil signatures was therefore observed. Thin section analysis aimed to both provide micromorphological characterisation of the three deep topsoil sites and investigate the effect of modern land cover on micromorphological indicators. Distinctive differences in micromorphological character were observed between the rural and urban deep topsoils, with the latter showing a strong focus on carbonised fuel residues and industrial wastes. All sites showed a highly individual micromorphological character, reflective of localised fertilising systems. There was no correlation between land cover type and survival of material indictors for anthropogenic activity, with soil cultural indicators surviving well, particularly those characteristic of urban-influenced topsoils. Suggestions for preservation strategies for this potentially rare and highly localised cultural resource included the incorporation of deep anthropogenic topsoil conservation into current government policy relating to care of the rural historic environment, and the improvement of data on the resource through ongoing survey and excavation.
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Wan, Cheuk-ting Jennifer, and 溫卓婷. "Protect or pull down - in search of planning and heritage conservationof walled villages in Hong Kong: case studiesof Nga Tsin Wai & Kat Hing Wai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893922.
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Nelson, Velvet. "LANDSCAPE AND POSTCOLONIALISM IN BRITISH WEST INDIES TRAVEL NARRATIVES, 1815-1914." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1144161405.
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Auffret, Alistair G. "Seed mobility and connectivity in changing rural landscapes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89105.
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The success or failure of many organisms to respond to the challenges of habitat destruction and a warming climate lies in the ability of plant species to disperse between isolated habitats or to migrate to new ranges. European semi-natural grasslands represent one of the world's most species-rich habitats at small scales, but agricultural intensification during the 20th century has meant that many plant species are left only on small fragments of former habitat. It is important that these plants can disperse, both for the maintenance of existing populations, and for the colonisation of target species to restored grasslands. This thesis investigates the ecological, geographical and historical influences on seed dispersal and connectivity in semi-natural grasslands, and the mobility of plants through time and space. Seed dispersal by human activity has played a large role in the build-up of plant communities in rural landscapes, but patterns have shifted. Livestock are the most traditional, and probably the most capable seed dispersal vector in the landscape, but other dispersal methods may also be effective. Motor vehicles disperse seeds with similar traits to those dispersed by livestock, while 39% of valuable grasslands in southern Sweden are connected by the road network. Humans are found to disperse around one-third of available grassland species, including several protected and red-listed species, indicating that humans may have been valuable seed dispersers in the past when rural populations were larger. Past activities can also affect seed mobility in time through the seed bank, as seeds of grassland plant species are shown to remain in the soil even after the grassland had been abandoned. Today however, low seed rain in intensively grazed semi-natural grasslands indicates that seed production may be a limiting factor in allowing seeds to be dispersed in space through the landscape.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: In press. Paper 5: Manuscript.
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KELLY, BRANDON JAMES. "DETAILS OF THE EXISTING INFORMING THE DESIGN OF THE NEW: A CRITICAL APPROACH TO THE ADAPTIVE-REUSE OF WATERSMEET FARM, SOUTH CAROLINA, CREATING A HISTORICAL NATURE RETREAT CENTER." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1115181925.
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Kegley, Nan F. "Toward the preservation of rural, cultural, historic landscapes: a method for evaluating nineteenth century Blue Ridge farms." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research hypothesis of this study states that a systematic and operational method for evaluating rural, cultural, historic landscapes, particularly at the regional level, simply does not exist.
The purpose of this study was two-fold: first, to prove, through an informal survey of landscape architecture firms involved in historic preservation and preservation organizations, that the hypothesis was true, and secondly, to develop a method for evaluating a specific kind of rural, cultural, historic landscape -- nineteenth century farms in the Blue Ridge Belt.
The overriding objective in developing the method for evaluating nineteenth century Blue Ridge farms was to make the evaluation criteria as operational as possible, and, therefore, create a method which would be accessible to the non-professional. The criteria used to evaluate the farms was based on studies done of farms documented in the archives of the Shenandoah National Park in Luray, Virginia, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, and the Historic Landsmarks Commission in Richmond, Virginia. The method was designed so that every farm evaluated by means of the checksheet can be scored based on the degree to which it represents a typical nineteenth century Blue Ridge farm.M.L. Arch.
Книги з теми "Historic rural landscape"
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Jane, Grenville, ed. Managing the historic rural landscape. London: Routledge, 1999.
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Culleton, Brendan. Treasures of the landscape: County Wexford's rural heritage. (Wexford?): Wexford Organisation for Rural Development, 1994.
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Commisso, Michael. Cultural landscape report: Thomas and Worthington farms, Monocacy National Battlefield, Frederick County, Maryland. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, National Capital Region, Cultural Landscapes Program, 2013.
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APSAT 3: Paesaggi storici del Sommolago. Mantova: SAP, 2013.
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Angelucci, Diego E. APSAT 2: Paesaggi d'altura nel Trentino : evoluzione naturale e aspetti culturali. Mantova: SAP, 2013.
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Gilbert, Cathy. Cultural landscape report: Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Intermountain Region, 1998.
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Gilbert, Cathy. Cultural landscape report: Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park. Denver: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Intermountain Region, 1997.
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Fairclough, G. J. Yesterday's world, tomorrow's landscape: The English Heritage Historic Landscape Project 1992-94. London: English Heritage, 1999.
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Mastran, Shelley Smith. Rural conservation. Washington, D.C: National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1993.
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Haenraets, Jan. Condition report for Fort Hill Rural Historic District: Cape Cod National Seashore, Eastham, Massachusetts. Boston, Mass: National Park Service, [Northeast Region and Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation], 2007.
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De Meulder, Bruno, Julie Marin, and Kelly Shannon. "Evolving Relations of Landscape, Infrastructure and Urbanization Toward Circularity: Flanders and Vietnam." In Regenerative Territories, 107–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA great deal of the contemporary discourse around circularity revolves around waste—the elimination of waste (and wastelands) through recycling, renewing and reuse (3Rs). In line with industrial ecological thinking, the discourse often focuses on resource efficiency and the shift toward renewables. The reconstitution of numerous previous ecologies is at most a byproduct of the deliberate design of today’s cyclic systems. Individual projects are often heralded for their innovative aspects (both high- and low-tech) and the concept has become popularly embraced in much of the Western world. Nevertheless, contemporary spatial circularity practices appear often to be detached from their particular socio-cultural and landscape ecologies. There is an emphasis on performative aspects and far too often a series of normative tools create cookie-cutter solutions that disregard locational assets—spatial as well as socio-cultural. The re-prefix is evident for developed economies and geographies, but not as obvious in the context of rapidly transforming and newly urbanizing territories. At the same time, the notion of circularity has been deeply embedded in indigenous, pre-modern and non-Western worldviews and strongly mirrored in historic constellations of urban, rural and territorial development. This contribution focuses on two contexts, Flanders in Belgium and the rural highlands, the Mekong Delta and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, which reveal that in spite of the near-universal prevalence of the Western development paradigm, there are fundamentally different notions of circularity in history and regarding present-day urbanization. Historically, in both contexts, the city and its larger territory formed a social, economic and ecological unity. There was a focus is on the interdependent development of notions of circularity in the ever-evolving relations of landscape, infrastructure and urbanization. In the development of contemporary circularity, there are clear insights that can be drawn from the deep understandings of historic interdependencies and the particular mechanisms and typologies utilized. The research questions addressed are in line with territorial ecology’s call to incorporate socio-cultural and spatial dimensions when trying to understand how territorial metabolisms function (Barles, Revue D’économie Régionale and Urbaine:819–836, 2017). They are as follows: how can case studies from two seemingly disparate regions in the world inform the present-day wave of homogenized research on circularity? How can specific socio-cultural contexts, through their historical trajectories, nuance the discourse and even give insights with regard to broadened and contextualized understandings of circularity? The case studies firstly focus on past site-specific cyclic interplays between landscape, infrastructure and urbanization and their gradual dissolution into linearity. Secondly, the case studies explicitly focus on multi-year design research projects by OSA (Research Urbanism and Architecture, KU Leuven), which underscore new relations of landscape, infrastructure and urbanization and emphasize the resourcefulness of the territory itself. The design research has been elaborated in collaboration with relevant stakeholders and experts and at the request of governmental agencies.
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Verdini, Giulio, and Feiran Huang. "Enhancing Rural-Urban Linkages Through the Historic Urban Landscape Approach: The Case of Shuang Wan Cun in the Jiangsu Province." In Reshaping Urban Conservation, 459–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8887-2_26.
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Agnoletti, Mauro. "Valorising the European Rural Landscape: The Case of the Italian National Register of Historical Rural Landscapes." In Environmental History, 59–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6159-9_5.
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Cevasco, Roberta, and Diego Moreno. "Rural Landscapes: The Historical Roots of Biodiversity." In Environmental History, 141–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5354-9_4.
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Rodwell, Dennis. "Rural development." In The Routledge Handbook on Historic Urban Landscapes in the Asia-Pacific, 406–23. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429486470-24.
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Agnoletti, Mauro, and Antonio Santoro. "The Italian National Register of Historical Rural Landscapes." In Environmental History, 15–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58092-6_2.
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Magnaghi, Alberto. "The Role of Historical Rural Landscapes in Territorial Planning." In Environmental History, 131–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5354-9_3.
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Thorsen, Dorte, and Thomas Yeboah. "Mobility and the rural landscape of opportunity." In Youth and the rural economy in Africa: hard work and hazard, 78–91. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245011.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This chapter looks at young women's and men's strategies for mobility in rural economies in Uganda, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire. It draws on livelihood, life history and photo-voice interviews, as well as focus group discussions, with young people across 16 sites in the four countries. The chapter focuses on spatial mobilities resulting from: involuntary relocations because of conflict in society and/or disruption within the family setting; relocations for education; and relocations for work. The analysis investigates in particular the gendered nature of youth mobilities and immobilities, and their implications for livelihood building.
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Faraji, Farnaz, and Elham Masoumi. "The Challenges of Integrated Conservation and Development in Historic Rural Landscapes; Case Study: The Historic Villages of East Azerbaijan, Iran." In Placemaking and Cultural Landscapes, 153–71. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6274-5_9.
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Agnoletti, Mauro. "Italian Historical Rural Landscapes: Dynamics, Data Analysis and Research Findings." In Environmental History, 3–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5354-9_1.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Historic rural landscape"
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Villaverde Rey, Montserrat, and Anna Martínez Duran. "Making our Rural Landscape visible. A way to defend Anonymous Cultural Heritage." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a result of the energy transition, the traditional rural landscapes are being threatened by renewable energy macro-projects, often promoted by foreign companies. In response to this threat, our project aims to bring to light the Cultural Heritage hidden in these landscapes, built over centuries by wise hands and minds, using the natural resources available back then, in order to highlight their value and later defend them from this menace. The specific case of the surroundings of El Perelló and l’Ametlla de Mar, in Baix Ebre (Tarragona, Spain), a site with Neolithic, Iberian and Roman settlements, with a calcareous geography, situated between the mountains and the Mediterranean Sea, is analyzed. A rural landscape, built in a human and family scale, protected by the mountain of “Tossal de Montagut”. An agrarian mosaic drawn by sinuous walks and dry-stone walls, with beautiful and geometric traces, in which houses, wells, hunter shelters, farmyards, etc.., appear. A series of domestic elements that constitute organic ensembles and define a settlement in balance with nature. A place that, if we give in to the threat of these projects, will become into an industrial estate, and whose Cultural Heritage will be destroyed. We propose a reflection on the identity and fragility of these anonymous places, on the need to maintain alive their memory and their Cultural Heritage: natural and built. We try to contribute, from the perspective of the architecture, to the debate on the current conflicts between rural landscapes and renewable energies. Our project proposes to analyze, register, catalogue, redraw, etc. the architectonic elements in the affected landscape (approx. 800 Ha), highlighting the historical value of the place through historic archival work and the recording of the tradition and daily life of local people.
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Fedeli, Raul Enzo, and Stefano Magaudda. "Il progetto rewetland: riqualificazione ambientale dell’Agro Pontino attraverso la valorizzazione ricostruzione del paesaggio storico." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Il progetto “Rewetland” (programma LIFE+ 2008 – environment and governance.
www.rewetland.eu) prevede la predisposizione di un Programma di Riqualificazione Ambientale
(PRA) della Pianura Pontina attraverso la sperimentazione di tecniche di fitodepurazione
diffusa.
Il PRA si basa sull’analisi approfondita del paesaggio a partire da quello delle bonifiche dei Papi
(XV–XVII sec.), fino ad arrivare ai giorni nostri. La finalità dell’analisi del paesaggio è stata
quella di ricomporre gli elementi costituenti i diversi ambiti paesaggistici del territorio in quadri
unitari, quanto più possibile coerenti al loro interno e confrontabili tra loro per valutarne le
qualità paesaggistiche, le trasformazioni avvenute nel tempo o in atto, le necessità di processi
di riqualificazione, le potenzialità di assorbire nuovi interventi progettuali. L’utilizzo di strumenti
gis è stato indispensabile, sia per individuare le permanenze del paesaggio storico e rurale, sia
per definire e valutare i possibili scenari di intervento.
Le azioni, i progetti e gli interventi del PRA riguardano la rinaturalizzazione dei corsi d’acqua e
la realizzazione di aree umide ed ecosistemi filtro e favoriscono l’attivazione di buone pratiche
non solo per la gestione dei canali della bonifica ma anche per quella delle aziende agricole. La
metodologia utilizzata ha permesso di interpretare le trasformazioni del paesaggio dell’Agro
Pontino e nel contempo progettare interventi e azioni di riqualificazione ambientale che
rispondano a molteplici esigenze/obiettivi: il miglioramento della qualità delle acque, il
potenziamento della rete ecologica e della biodiversità, la rigenerazione dei paesaggi tipici delle
zone umide (re-wetland) che rappresentano la memoria del territorio. "Rewetland" project (LIFE+ 2008 - environment and governance. www.rewetland.eu) requires
the preparation of an Programma di Riqualificazione Ambientale (PRA) of the Pontine Plain
through experimentation with techniques of widespread phytoremediation.
The PRA is based on a thorough analysis of the landscape from those of the reclamation of the
Popes (XV -XVII cent.), up to the present day. The aim of the landscape analysis has been to
reconstruct the elements making up the different areas of the local landscape into unified
framework, as much as possible internally coherent and comparable to each other in order to
assess the quality of the landscape, the changes through time or now being implemented, the
necessity of regeneration processes, the potentialities to absorb new project interventions. GIS
software tools have been essential, both to identify the permanence of the historic and rural
landscape, and to define and evaluate the possible intervention scenarios.
PRA actions, projects and interventions regard the renaturalization of waterways and the
creation of wetlands and ecosystem filters and promote the activation of good practices not only
for the management of the drainage channels but also for the farms. The methodology used
allowed us to read the changes in the landscape of the Pontine Plain and at the same time to
design interventions and actions that respond to multiple environmental restoration needs and
objectives: improvement of water quality, enhancement of biodiversity and the ecological
network, regeneration of the typical landscapes of wetlands (re-wetland) that represent the
memory of territory.
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Cerasoli, Mario, and Rolando Mauricio Biere Arenas. "The sustainable future of the smaller historical centres, between "modulation of the protection" and new technologies." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The smaller historical centres can play an important role in the rebalancing of the territory, reversing the trends (now also historical) to urban concentration and metropolisation.
In an specific time of slowing urban growth, a greater attention to the rehabilitation and expansion of the concept of historicity, also to peripheral areas of the city and at the same time of the rural landscape, always more often the urban policies aim to reconnect the (interrupted) relations between historical city and territory, in order to build new development strategies centred on the complex identity of the historical places.
The possibilities and perspectives aimed to increasing the “attractiveness” of the smaller historical centres requires a “healthy combination” of criteria for urban intervention, starting from the “modulation of protection”, building restoration and use of new technologies, at urban level (in the logic of new “mini-Smart cities”) as building level (energy efficiency, etc.)
The "modulation of protection" is based on a scrupulous historical-critical reading of the historical centre and has as the main objective to prevent its "freezing".
It process consists of a set of rules for "correct behaviour" to provide the maintenance, restoration and conservation of these areas or parts of the historic building heritage, remained essentially unchanged (compared, for example, with the historical land registers) and, at the same time, allows the controlled transformation of the buildings that in the past have been transformed and today retain only the function of “urban footprint”.
The new ICT (digitals), the ability to “move” data and information instead of people, more clean energy due renewable sources, constitute a renewed opportunity to enhance and Re-inhabiting the smaller historical centres. While so it is important to protect these realities within the cultural landscape they are inserted, on the other it is possible rethink them in a smart key, identifying possibilities for a sustainable revitalization and regeneration.
In this framework, we will present some study experiences conducted under the framework of the research seminar on Recovery of the historical centres of the research Master's degree in Land Management and Valuation of the UPC.
In each case we will present methodological and thematic aspects; spatial analysis, strategies and policies for the conservation, maintenance and transformation, determination of assets and their classification, key projects and finally relevant aspects of the proposed Master Plans developed in the minor historical centres studied.
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Shi, Ding, and Dianhong Zhao. "A Study on the Approach of Sustainable Development on Traditional Cultural Landscapes Surrounding Metropolitan Shanghai." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/xndv1868.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At present, the area of urban built-up areas in Shanghai has been effectively controlled, and the once neglected rural landscape has attracted much attention. This study focuses on the methodology of effectively utilizing cultural landscape resources and promoting further harmonious development of urban-rural relations in Shanghai. As a category of cultural heritage, cultural landscape is an indispensable resource for urban development. During the process of urban and rural planning, local cultural landscapes need to be regarded as the driving source of urban development. For a long time, Shanghai, as an international metropolis, has lain particular emphasis on historical relics in the built-up areas of the city. However, since the cultural landscape resources surrounding the built-up areas have been neglected, the image of Shanghai lacks an echo with nature and the countryside. This study examines features of cultural landscapes in Shanghai and puts forward several issues in the conservation and sustainable development of cultural landscape resources, so as to provide the basis for heritage protection, urban and rural planning and tourism planning in Shanghai in the future.
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PRUS, Barbara, Stanisław BACIOR, and Małgorzata DUDZIŃSKA. "ASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL BIO-INDEX CHANGES IN RURAL AREAS IN SOUTHERN POLAND – CASE STUDY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intensity of land use could be considered as an indicator of rate of anthropogenic impact on landscape (CAI) and the coefficient of ecological stability (CES). These two bio-indexes are based on the land use categories. The CAI coefficient is the ratio of the sum of percentile areas of land characterized by considerable human impact in relation to the sum of percentile areas of lands with low or none anthropogenic pressure. The CES index describes the structure of land use in one unit according to land use categories weighted by given coefficients. The calculation of the complex integral index enables to know the potential of the environment, i.e. a natural resource reserve with a structure that allows self-regulation of ecosystems and expresses the environment's resistance to bearing anthropogenic loads. The aim of the study is to analyze the historical land use changes (in the period of 1845-2016) in rural areas of Southern Poland using bio-indexes such as the anthropogenic impact on landscape (CAI) and the coefficient of ecological stability (CES). The analysis led to the conclusion about the strong dynamics of changes during this period which is largely due to the growth of the percentile areas of lands with considerable human impact especially after the historical transformation in 1989 in Poland. At the same time, the attention should be paid to the land use changes as an effect of growing suburbanization. The results of the study can be used by public authorities, citizens and governing bodies to form a system of measures to calculate environmental potential and modelling changes which ensure the environmental protection and sustainable development of rural areas.
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Ulrich, Ondřej, and Markéta Šourková. "Could a spatial database of historical photographs be used for rural tourism promotion?" In Public recreation and landscape protection - with environment hand in hand… Mendel University in Brno, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0069.
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Pérez Lobelle, Jesús M. "La construcción de la identidad cultural de los paisajes rurales serranos: el caso de Montefrío." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6136.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Actualmente, los espacios rurales están siendo víctima de una pérdida continua de sus valores agrícolas, ambientales, históricos y culturales. El planeamiento urbanístico actual entiende en suelo rural como un negativo de la ciudad (suelo no urbanizable), al que le aplica herramientas de ordenación impropias y deslocalizadas. Este estudio pretende reconocer los valores propios que caracterizan y construyen este territorio y que conforman los elementos identitarios del paisaje rural (Sabaté, 2010; Magnaghi, 2011). Para esto, se plantea la diacronía como herramienta de revelación de estas identidades (González Villaescusa) con las que la planificación urbanística puede proteger las herencias culturales e incentivar el desarrollo de la conciencia del lugar en un escenario en continua evolución (Montasell, 2010).
El estudio se centra en el municipio de Montefrío (Granada) enclavado en la cordillera sub bética; un paisaje serrano con valores históricos, agrarios y etnológicos, alejado de las presiones urbanísticas, que lo convierten en un marco ideal para esta investigación. Nowadays, rural areas are the victim of a continuing loss of agricultural, environmental, historical, cultural values. The current urban planning interpret a rural land as a negative of the city (undeveloped land) where applies relocated and improper urban management tools. This study aims to recognize the values that characterize and build up the territory and from local identity components of the rural landscape (Sabaté, 2010; Magnaghi, 2011). For this, raises the evolution as a tool for disclosing these identities (González Villaescusa) with which urban planning can protect cultural heritage and encourage the development of a sense of place on a stage of continuos evolution (Montasell, 2010). The study focuses on the town of Montefrío (Granada) sub bética nestled in the mountains; a mountain landscape with historical, agricultural and ethnological values, remote from urban development pressures, away from urban pressures, making it an ideal framework for this research.
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Koštialová, Katarína. "Lesné prostredie a náučné chodníky ako potenciál vidieckeho turizmu." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-36.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The natural and cultural wealth of a particular place or locality plays an important role in rural tourism. The choice of the final destination is determined by several criteria, which merge with each other, such as landscape culture, natural potential, culture, history, opportunities for spending free time in an active way, genius loci of the locality, etc. In recent times, visiting the educational public footpaths is one of the popular free time activities. The object of the study, based on ethnological point of view, is to present existing initial information on the topic of educational public footpaths, analyze them as a specific form of tourism presenting natural and cultural wealth. The object of the study is educational public footpaths in the village of Oravská Lesná. With regards to methodology, the basic ethnographic methods, the study of literature, materials and documents were used. The educational public footpaths demonstrate not only natural and cultural values, but undoubtedly also reflect the identity of local society and they are strongly representative of the local area. The visitors to the educational public footpaths have the opportunity to perceive a relationship between the natural, landscape, cultural and historical phenomena in a more complex way directly in authentic environment. The study highlights the natural and cultural potential of the village and forest environment, serving as an initial determinant for domestic tourism in the village. The specific example of two educational public footpaths highlighted the sense of harmony between the local community and nature, with the specific type of cultural landscape reflecting history and spiritual values of local society.
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De La Pierre, Cristina, Donatella Martinet, and Barbara Scala. "Vernacular heritage protection by the Superintendence of the Aosta Valley." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15688.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The contribution wants to illustrate the role assumed by the Superintendence of the Aosta Valley to protect the vernacular architecture in the Valley. The particular morphological formation of the territory has been deeply conditioned by the forms, the building techniques, and the materials used. The first actions of protection promoted by the Superintendence have tried to address the urban planning characterizing the local regulatory plans through rules aimed at safeguarding the building heritage with a classification of buildings in categories. In 1986, the Superintendence then began research into historical rural architecture, recognizing this heritage as an integral part of the landscape and material testimony to the history of the Aosta Valley. Following an experimental phase, which allowed for the fine-tuning of the survey methodology, coordinated action of knowledge was promoted. Using special courses for young people, the surveyors were trained and for over twenty years they carried out a census of rural architecture throughout the region. After collecting and organising the material, exhibitions were held, and publications were prepared to illustrate the construction techniques and the buildings’ peculiarities to provide technicians with a better understanding of the architecture and the development of projects more attentive to their characteristics.
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Sáenz de Tejada Granados, Carlota, Eva Juana Rodríguez Romero, and Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro. "Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados¹, Eva J. Rodríguez Romero², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2, 3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rodrom@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: energy landscape, periphery, urban history, urban form, Madrid Conference topics and scale: City transformations The promotion or access to certain energy technologies has changed the humanized landscape throughout history; cities have been born around, and because of an energy source, or have been displaced in order for energy-related infrastructures to take their spot. However, and for any city from its very beginning, energy paradigm shifts have deeply altered their morphology. Not only extraction, but especially transformation and transport of resources materializes in artefacts, often controversial and soon-to-be obsolete. This is especially patent in the ever-changing city boundaries; the fringe of ‘proximity’, where the collision between the countryside and the urban mesh embodies the relations and contradictions between urban growth, energy demand and landscape protection. In a context of growing cities (both in terms of expansion of its artificial land and in terms of energy demand), we are facing two paths which not always converge: an inevitable low carbon transition and a growing sensitivity towards ordinary landscapes. This article, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’, studies the development of the city of Madrid in relation to its energy access and management, in a series of key stages: mid-19thC (before the bourgeois enlargement plan approved in 1860), early 20thC (when the introduction of electricity powered a deep urban transformation and outlaying urban cores were annexed), mid-late 20thC (when a rural exodus took place and the peripheries of Madrid grew rapidly) and today. References Ivancic, A. (2010) Land&Scape Series: Energyscapes (Gustavo Gili, Barcelona). Mumford, L. (2010, original 1934) Technics and Civilization (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago). Pinto, V. (coord.) (1995-2001) Madrid. Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad, Vol.1-Vol.2 (Lunwerg Editors and Fundación Caja Madrid, Madrid). Terán, F. (2006) En torno a Madrid. Génesis espacial de una región urbana (Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid). Vicente, V. (2015) El Ensanche Sur. Arganzuela (1860-1931). Los barrios negros (Los libros de la Catarata, Madrid). Zoido, F. (2006) ‘Paisaje e infraestructuras, una relación de interés mutuo’, Carreteras: Revista técnica de la Asociación Española de la Carretera, 150, 190-199.
Звіти організацій з теми "Historic rural landscape"
1
Malek, Mohammad Abdul, Aiko Kikkawa, Yasuyuki Sawada, and Abdul Kalam Azad. Rural Development in Bangladesh Over Four Decades: Findings from Mahabub Hossain Panel Data and the Way Forward. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/ppxg8315.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Mahabub Hossain Panel Data (MHPD) was initiated in 1988 and maintained by and named after the late Mahabub Hossain, a well-known agricultural and development economist who led a number of reputed organizations in Bangladesh (Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies and BRAC) and in the region (International Rice Research Institute). We portray the historical context, sampling evolution, survey structure and methodology, and academic and policy contributions of the MHPD with some lessons learned for the next step forward. The MHPD has tracked rural households for a period of over 3 decades (1988–2014) with five waves of household surveys covering over 2,800 households and has collected a wide range of information on household composition, schooling of household members, assets, cropping intensity and patterns including cost and return, employment and income, consumption, participation in different government and nongovernment programs. We reviewed several books and journal articles authored by Mahabub Hossain and related academic papers and documents and collated information on MHPD, including (i) mapping out information on past and ongoing panel or cross-sectional household survey data series in Bangladesh; (ii) undertaking the review of all past rounds of MHPD survey documents, such as survey implementation plans, questionnaires, codebooks, databases, and processed data; (iii) consulting relevant stakeholders, including the past implementers of the surveys and the users of the data as needed to validate documented information; (iv) taking stock of the contribution of MHPD to academic literature and policy development; and (v) drawing a number of lessons learned for future data collection and policy making. The report aims to (i) serve as a comprehensive reference document for scholars and policy makers who wish to understand MHPD for possible use in their research; and (ii) provide a comprehensive baseline from which we can consider ways to enhance MHPD further to continue contributing to understanding the economic and social issues of today and near future. By compiling all associated research work based on MHPD, we offer a historical landscape of Bangladesh’s social and economic development and a credible explanation for the Bangladesh development model for global comparison.
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Donnelly, Phoebe, and Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers: Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.