Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Hindustani Authors"

Analyses ethnic residential patterns, in terms of spatial segregation, in Paramaribo, as these developed historically, and their correlation to the changing socioeconomic position of the various ethnic groups. Authors first point out how Paramaribo is at present one of the most multiethnic and multicultural cities of the Caribbean, and discuss the continuing importance of ethnic identity and boundaries. They further describe the history of Paramaribo's development since the period of slavery and after abolition, when many Creoles migrated to the city. Hindustani started migrating in higher numbers to Paramaribo since the early 20th c., mainly to the urban periphery, and since the 1960s also more Javanese. More recently (since the 1980s) migrants to Paramaribo include Maroons, Amerindians, Chinese, and Brazilians. Authors examine in how far the residential patterns were determined by socioeconomic factors, and/or by ethnicity. They conclude that socioeconomic factors have overall become more influential in residential patterns than ethnicity. They point out that residential ethnic mixing has increased, as almost half of Paramaribo's neighbourhoods are mixed, with no dominant ethnic group, although some ethnic concentration continues, as a quarter of the neighbourhoods can be called Creole, one-fifth of them Hindustani, and Creoles (and Maroons) reside for a higher percentage in the city centre, and Hindustani and Javanese more in the urban periphery.

Analyses ethnic residential patterns, in terms of spatial segregation, in Paramaribo, as these developed historically, and their correlation to the changing socioeconomic position of the various ethnic groups. Authors first point out how Paramaribo is at present one of the most multiethnic and multicultural cities of the Caribbean, and discuss the continuing importance of ethnic identity and boundaries. They further describe the history of Paramaribo's development since the period of slavery and after abolition, when many Creoles migrated to the city. Hindustani started migrating in higher numbers to Paramaribo since the early 20th c., mainly to the urban periphery, and since the 1960s also more Javanese. More recently (since the 1980s) migrants to Paramaribo include Maroons, Amerindians, Chinese, and Brazilians. Authors examine in how far the residential patterns were determined by socioeconomic factors, and/or by ethnicity. They conclude that socioeconomic factors have overall become more influential in residential patterns than ethnicity. They point out that residential ethnic mixing has increased, as almost half of Paramaribo's neighbourhoods are mixed, with no dominant ethnic group, although some ethnic concentration continues, as a quarter of the neighbourhoods can be called Creole, one-fifth of them Hindustani, and Creoles (and Maroons) reside for a higher percentage in the city centre, and Hindustani and Javanese more in the urban periphery.

The article analyses the historical role of the movement for defenсe of the Caliphate, which emerged in various regions of the Muslim world as a response to weakening and fall of the Ottoman Empire. The authors also focus on the social and political discussions of the 1920s - 1930s about the destiny of Muslim unity and the role of the future Caliphate. The article also deals with the transformation of conceptions of the Caliphate in the works of eminent ideologists and politicians of the Muslim world - Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, Muhammad Rashid Rida and Abul Kalam Azad. The authors give an overview of the history of Caliphatist congresses and conferences of 1920s - 1930s. The aims and tasks of the Caliphatist movement among the Muslims of South Asia are also under study. The article examines the reaction of the South Asian princely elites to the weakening of the Ottoman state and explores the interrelation between pro-Ottoman sentiments of Caliphatists and the radicalization of anti-colonial struggle of Indian Muslims. A special attention is given to the role of leaders of Indian Caliphatists in preparation of the antiBritish uprisings in North-Western Hindustan. The authors also examine common and specifi c features of views and political actions of advocates and supporters of the Caliphate in the Middle East and in the Islamic communities of South Asia. The analysis of the source data reveales several patterns of reaction of Muslims in the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia to the repudiation of the Caliphate by the Republican Turkey.

A quasi-linear zone of noticeable geological and geophysical changes, which coincides approximately with 102–103° E meridians, is termed by the authors as “geodivider”. Active submeridional faults are observed predominantly along the zone and coincide with its strike. Seismicity is most intensive in the central part of this zone, from the Lake Baikal to the Three Rivers Region at the Sino-Myanmar frontier. Transects with deep seismic sections and energy dissipation graphs show most sharply increasing seismic energy amounts and hypocenter depths in the western part of the geodivider which delimits (in the first approximation) the Central Asian and East Asian transitional zones between the North Eurasian, Indian and Pacific lithosphere plates. The transpression tectonic regime dominates west of the geodivider under the influence of the Hindustan Indentor pressure, and the transtension regime prevails east of it due to the Pacific subduction slab submergence and continuation. The regime change coincides with an abrupt increase in the crust thickness – from 35–40 km to 45–70 km – west of the geodivider, as reflected in the geophysical fields and metallogenic characteristics of the crust. The direction ofP- andS-waves anisotropy together with the GPS data show decoupling layers of the crust and mantle in the southern part of the geodivider. According to our investigations, the 102–103° E geodivider is a regional geological-geophysical border that may be compared with the Tornquist Line, and, by its scale, with the Uralian and Appalachian fronts and some others large structures.

Purpose. The paper presents a description of the stratigraphic and planigraphic situation at the excavation 3 of the Lakhuti IV site (Khovaling loess plateau, Tajikistan) recorded during field work in 2022.Results. The cross-section has 18 layers grouped into three strata: L6 glacial period sediments (MIS 14), 6a and 6b soil complexes (MIS 15). The identified technocomplexes belong to the late Karatau culture of the Lower Paleolithic of Tajikistan. The level 5.2 planigraphy indicates that the investigated area could be a fragment of a workshop site where primary processing of stone raw materials was carried out. The layer L6 artefacts indicates that the region was continuously developed by humans, and glacial conditions in the Middle Pleistocene affected the intensity of these processes only.Conclusions. The closest analogues to the late Karatau complexes can be traced in the Soan pebble-flake industries of the Northern Hindustan. They have a similar age to Tajik materials (second half of the Middle Pleistocene), geomorphological position (deposits of high terraces in the upper reaches of the Indus, Soan, and other rivers in the Himalayas foothill zone), a similar raw material base (river alluvium). Also they have a number of technical and typological characteristics, which include: citron and radial knapping; a higher percentage of large flakes and “citrons”; choppers, simple side-scrapers and unifaces in tool-kits; lack of bifacial technique. As a result of a new stage in the study of the Lower Paleolithic complexes in the region, authors proposed a new model, according to which the region was continuously developed by hominins, and glacial conditions mainly influenced the intensity of these processes.

The key aim of this research article is to analyze the performance of firms through dividend policy variables and shareholders’ wealth creation of the Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector of India. The selected companies comprise of all listed Nifty FMCG Index firms in National stock exchange. The variables like Dividend payout ratio (DPR), dividend yield (DY) and dividend per share (DPS) for dividend policy analysis and Market value added (MVA) were examined over a period of 10 years (2010-2019). Authors used Statistical tools like Spearman’s Correlation, Kruskal Wallis (KW) H test and Post hoc test of Dunn-Bonferroni. Results found that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between dependent and independent variables. KW test result shows that there is a significant difference between performance of sample firms. Post hoc test also validated the results of Kruskal Wallis test by considering pair wise comparison. Moreover, From the calculation of Market Value added (MVA), it was found that ITC added the highest wealth for its shareholders’ during the entire study period followed by Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) and Dabur India Limited. Godrej Industries added positive but lowest market value during the study period. All the selected firms created wealth for their shareholders. The study can be useful to the prospective investors and investment or brokerage firms to make investment decisions for the long term. Moreover, research can be further carried out by considering other areas like operational efficiency, Profitability and so on.

Famous Irish political scientist and historian, Benedict Anderson, in his book, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism has described nations as imagined communities. Stephen May, the British novelist, playwright, and TV writer, has viewed that language is used as a political tool to strengthen the imagined community of a nation-state. Eventually, many countries have been named after the language predominantly used in a particular country. But during the colonial expansion that the linguistic identity of a colonised nation like India and its people has been transformed in different ways. With the English Education Act, 1835 Lord Bentinck defeated the Orientalists and promoted English education in India. Consequently, different missionaries like Joshua Marshman, William Carey, William Ward, and Alexander Duff, who principally used English education to preach Christianity among the Indians, and British officials like Charles Grant, Lord Macaulay, William Hazlitt, and also some higher-class Indians like Raja Rammohan Roy, Keshab Chandra Sen, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay supported the Anglicist view and tried to spread the English education in India. Different English schools like Dharmatala Academy were built and in the curriculum of different universities, the writings of different English authors like Francis Bacon, William Shakespeare, John Milton, Joseph Addison, Alexander Pope were included. Many higher-class Indians became more interested in English study losing their interest in vernacular education. Vijay Agnew in her autobiography, Where I Come From, and Madhu Kishor in her article “The Dominance of Angreziyat in Our Education” have accused English education of making them unaware and ignorant of the Indian culture and writings. In this way, the higher-class English educated Indians have created one English nation within the Hindustan. Even the translation of different Indian classical texts into English like Sir William Jone’s translation of Abhjnanasakuntalam in 1789 and Sir Charles Wilkins’ translation of Bhagabadgita in 1784 has also paved the way for forming a different identity. In this context, the present paper aims to show how the different tools for spreading the English language divided the nation into two, supporting the divide and rule policy of the British, which is still effective in the so-called united, equal, and democratic India.

In Chapter 6, I take a step back using the conclusions that I reached about the background and nature of Ālāol’s poetics. I use those observations as a lens to look at cultural trends that spread eastward and southward from Hindustan during the Indo-Afghan and early Mughal periods. The Afghan rule in North India has been seen as a major moment in the making of a local Islamicate cultural ethos and development of multilingual literary cultures in South Asia. I observe the legacy in Bengal and the Deccan of the multilingual literary culture that was fashioned at the courts of the Lodis and of other regional polities during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. I come back on what constituted the multilingual literary culture of those courts and focus on the historical imaginary of Indo-Afghan authors, the nature of courtly sociability, and the development of romance as a cross-linguistic genre.

This chapter discusses the aesthetics of music in contemporary novels by Vikram Seth (A Suitable Boy and An Equal Music), Janice Galloway (Clara), Ian McEwan (Amsterdam), Amit Chaudhuri (The Immortals), and Kirsty Gunn (The Big Music). The music featured in these novels ranges from Western classical music (An Equal Music, Clara, and Amsterdam) to North Indian classical music (A Suitable Boy and The Immortals) to classical Scottish bagpipe music (The Big Music). In their own ways, all authors write against the perceived cultural centrality and aesthetic universality of European art music. While Seth in An Equal Music, Galloway, and McEwan undermine the aesthetic ideal of absolute music propounded by Eduard Hanslick, Seth in A Suitable Boy, Chaudhuri, and Gunn appropriate it for Hindustani music as a non-Western classical tradition and ceòl mór as a marginalised Western classical tradition. This, then, marks an act of decentring Western classical music and its self-perceived universal aesthetic validity, and is contrasted with the narrow range of music that E. M. Forster thought worthy of being considered sublime.

Abstract Hindustan Times—the very name itself exudes a subtle hue of intoxicating patriotism, and so has been its journey (quite peculiar, to say the least) on the path of truth telling, all through the 20th-century British Raj up until the political scenario of today. As the author analyses the genesis of this behemoth which began as a Delhi-centric paper by the Akalis in 1924, and recognized the presence of Sikh patriotism, following its trail which leads into 2019, she realizes that the organization has undergone a sea of changes, which are nothing short of revolutionary. The idea behind the start of the paper was to rouse the nationalistic sentiments among the masses through its writing. The Akalis also wanted to propagate the ideals of Sikhism through the paper to draw strength and inspiration from the ideals of Sikhism, so that they stayed motivated to fight for the cause of freedom. To reflect upon this and its subsequent effects, she looks into how the media house worked as a vehicle for change that sought to loosen the iron grip of the colonizers, and how it successfully soldiered on with its rousing words until India gained independence. No one could have predicted at the time that Hindustan Times was to become one of India’s most popular English dailies. The Hindustan Times changed ownership multiple times to finally stabilize under the patronage of the Birlas, who have since been the owners of the HT Group of companies. Post-independence, the chapter chronologically follows the changing patterns the organization undertook, as audience interests became important in a market that was fast moving from a social to a monetary field. Also mentioned at length are the motivations and inspiring stories of the people at HT, who derived from the past, and managed the group’s businesses in information, education, and entertainment in print (both newspapers and magazines), radio, and digital mediums, leading them to exponential growth and multifaceted diversification. The group has grown to establish a longstanding empire that has seen innumerable changes in various segments, and the author decodes this entire process by evaluating these changes in view of including design, layout, content, ownership, distribution, circulation, technology, geo-political launches, pricing strategies, visionary leadership, and changes in ownership. Additionally, the chapter talks about the impact of digitization on Hindustan Times and how they have adapted to it by modifying their growth and business models, making references to their annual reports and financial reviews. The author, in this book, seeks to analyse this roller coaster of a journey that has been undertaken by the HT Group after talking to Shobhana Bhartia, listing down her observations regarding the same. In presenting a holistic development map of Hindustan Times to her readers, the author gives them a glimpse of how India itself has progressed over the years.

A lengthy second chapter traces the author’s experiences of the war in China beginning with the Battle (or Relief) of Tianjin and concluding with the march on and takeover of Beijing to end the Boxer siege of the Foreign Legations. His personal narrative is interspersed with ruminations on Hindustan, caste, race, Japan and the key Japanese role in the success of the International Expedition, China, and Chinese history.

Abstract Decoding Business Dynamics: A Comparative Analysisand Theoretical Implications details a comparative analysis and decodes business dynamics of all the organizations under study, from various perspectives that serve the concerns of the book’s thematic approach. The print giants have been lined up sequentially, to be compared and contrasted upon essential parameters that seek to holistically recap the major aspects covered by the author. The bases for comparison range from the incipient genesis of these organizations to the current business models of growth followed by them. The author first begins by discussing the story behind how each newspaper was conceived. While those like Hindustan Times, The Hindu, The Indian Express, and Dainik Jagran were born out of efforts steeped in the national freedom struggle, The Times of India originated to cater especially to the British business class. Further still, Dainik Bhaskar was an entity that only emerged after India won independence. Closely associated with each organization’s origin story is the strategic intent behind launching them, which is what the author compares next. Chronologically tracing the values upon which the foundation of each newspaper is built sheds light on the changing visions of the companies with time and market environments. In the same breath, the visionary leadership and changing ownership patterns of the mentioned organizations are elaborated upon, thereby crediting the developments in each paper’s lifeline to the astute personalities responsible for them. The manner in which the ownership history of any company affects its functions will be simultaneously examined. Since the strength of any newspaper is shaped by its editorial clout, the author enlists the legendary editors that brick-by-brick etched out an identity for each paper, and how their editorial policies weighed the respective organizations’ popularity among Indian audiences. Product development and diversification is essential to any product’s shelf life. This basis of comparison observes how each product, in this case, each particular newspaper, has committed itself to constant growth, by branching out into multiple editions and supplements across genres. Credit has also been given to the newspapers for the development of product layout, design, and consumer-centrism in their pages. Following the various product trajectories, the author continues on to discuss the broader aspect of the companies’ business development and diversification from print into multiple verticals like radio, television, digital, and marketing solutions. Enunciating this angle is key to realizing the gigantic status of these organizations, as emphasized in the title of the book. Under the umbrella of business strategy, the companies’ development pertaining to their various mergers, acquisitions, takeovers, and strategic alliances is looked into, giving an insight into the necessity of collaborative relationships in the industry for survival. By then mapping the market expansion, geographical spread, regional penetration, and international footprints of each company, the author brings the reader back to on-the-ground realities pertaining to the Indian demographic, its acceptance of the products these organizations have given it, and the organizations’ mutual readiness to aggregate their own popularity by navigating these trends. The financial analysis of every organization is meant to reflect the consolidated sum of the success they have achieved, connoting the same through hard numbers for a clearer understanding. A review of the companies’ finances will also highlight the growing movement of mass media into commerciality, preparing the stage for the next point under question. An analysis of the business dynamics of growth strategies followed by each of these giants will proffer the reader a holistic understanding of the bedrock upon which the companies’ core policies lie. This will additionally reveal the companies’ management approach and simultaneously hint at the evolution of their strategic intents. Conclusively, the chapter also tracks the timeline of technological advancements in these organizations, giving weight to the procurement of print machinery and the potential the future holds in the wake of the technological revolution.

Research and/ or Engineering Questions/ Objective In the event of an accident, in today's vehicle belt, airbag systems and steering columns absorb the kinetic energy of occupants in front crashes. Most steering columns are equipped with a deformation device, which provides limited forward displacement of the steering wheel when being impacted dynamically by the occupant. As these features perform on fixed force levels, they deform less when loaded with lower energy, so e.g. when impacted by a smaller occupant. So especially for small occupants the maximum available forward displacement is not used, so they will be decelerated on a higher g-levels than needed.<br>Student researchers of Trier University of Applied Sciences, Germany, and Hindustan Institute of Technology and Sciences, India, started a joint research program with support of the German DAAD and investigated solution to provide maximum forward displacement for occupants of all sizes. This solution could improve vehicle safety significantly in Western markets with in average larger people (correlating approx. with 50%ile dummy) as well as Asian markets with an in average smaller population (correlating approx. with 5%ile dummy). In current legislation, safety systems such as the steering column must be validated in tests using 50%ile Hybrid III dummies only. A component simulation model with a standard restraint system was set up using HyperMesh and LS-Dyna to investigate kinematics and injury pattern for all available dummy sizes (5-50-95%ile). For the steering column a damping device was developed allowing adaptive force levels with help of magnetorheological fluids. Various load levels could be developed for the different dummy sizes. The kinetic energy thus could be dissipated over a longer distance so occupant injuries have been reduced. Feasibility studies on the advanced damper have proven the potential of the approach. To date, there is no technical implementation to determine the exact mass of an occupant in a vehicle, therefore only the seat position can be used as indicator for the mass and size. Nevertheless, a progressive absorption characteristic is included which will not load the occupants more than in today's systems. What does the paper offer that is new in the field including in comparison to other work by the authors? Magnetorheological fluids suffer of the problem of sedimentation, so their usage in rarely used restraint systems is critical. The design presented will ensure high level of dilution throughout the vehicle life, what is unique in the market. The solution thus can improve safety for a wide range of occupants in passenger cars and helps minimize or even prevent injuries. The method provides a general approach for an efficient way of improving occupant safety over a wide range of occupant sizes.