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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "High temperature characterisations"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 25 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "High temperature characterisations"

Aminorroaya Yamini, S., D. R. G. Mitchell, and M. Avdeev. "In situ characterisation of nanostructured multiphase thermoelectric materials at elevated temperatures." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 48 (2016): 32814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp05232k.

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Multiphase thermoelectric materials exhibit higher efficiencies than their single-phase counterparts. Here, we performed in situ high temperature structural characterisations and shown a strong chemical interaction between secondary phases and matrices at elevated temperatures.

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Mazingue, T., M. Lomello-Tafin, M. Passard, C. Hernandez-Rodriguez, L. Goujon, J. L. Rousset, F. Morfin, and J. F. Laithier. "Catalytic and thermal characterisations of nanosized PdPt / Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for hydrogen detection." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2014): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-273-2014.

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Abstract. Palladium platinum (PdPt) has been intensively studied these last decades due to high conversion rate in hydrogen oxidation at room temperature with significant exothermic effects. These remarkable properties have been studied by measuring the temperature variations of alumina (Al2O3) supported nanosized PdPt nanoparticles exposed to different hydrogen concentrations in dry air. This catalyst is expected to be used as a sensing material for stable and reversible ultrasensitive hydrogen sensors working at room temperature (low power consumption). Structural and gas sensing characterisations and catalytic activity of PdPt / Al2O3 systems synthesised by co-impregnation will be presented. Catalytic characterisations show that the system is already active at room temperature and that this activity sharply increases with rise in temperature. Moreover, the increase of the PdPt proportion in the co-impregnation process improves the activity, and very high conversion can be reached even at room temperature. The thermal response (about 3 °C) of only 1 mg of PdPt / Al2O3 is reversible, and the time response is about 5 s. The integration of PdPt / Al2O3 powder on a flat substrate has been realised by the deposition onto the powder of a thin porous hydrophobic layer of parylene. The possibility of using PdPt in gas sensors will be discussed.

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Boontanom, Autchariya, and Piyada Suwanpinij. "High Purity Magnetite Microparticles Directly Derived from Mill Scale via Hydrogen-Reduction Method." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.286.

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This study develops a fast and simple way to produce high purity magnetite (Fe3O4) microparticles from mill scale by using hydrogen reduction with the addition of vapour as a retarding agent. By optimising the reduction temperature and gas flow rate, the characterisations by X-ray diffractometry technique shown that the Fe3O4 fraction of over 93 wt.-% is shown at the reduction temperature of 550 – 650 oC with the flow rate of the 4.5-5.5 mol%H2 + Ar gas + H2O gas mixture from 100 – 200 ml/min. The highest Fe3O4 fraction of over 99 wt.-% can be achieved from the reduction with the mixed gas at 650 oC and the flow rate of 200 ml/min for 4 hour.

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Nishiyama, Yoshitaka, Kazuyuki Kitamura, and Nobuo Otsuka. "Metal Dusting Behaviour of Alloy800H in Laboratory Carbonaceous Environments under High Pressure." Materials Science Forum 595-598 (September 2008): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.649.

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Metal dusting behaviour of alloy800H was investigated in a laboratory-pressurized reactor where CO-H2-CO2-H2O gas mixtures flowed continuously, simulating the gas environments in actual syngas production plant. Four test conditions, having a variety of gas pressures and H2O contents, were conducted for a long rod specimen that was imposed thermal gradient of 777°C to 454°C in a longitudinal direction. After an exposure of 100h at high pressure, metal dusting has initiated with a bell-shape distribution on the test specimens at temperatures between 600°C and 700°C. Gas pressure has accelerated metal dusting even if the gas atmospheres had the same gas composition. On the contrary, metal dusting has been alleviated with increasing the H2O content in the test gas. Oxide scale characterisations were analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy and XPS at the test specimen surfaces exposed at different temperature. The ratio of a protective Cr2O3 scale to spinel oxides such as FeCr2O4 and MnCr2O4 has increased with increasing the exposure temperature, with reducing the gas pressure, and with lowering the H2O content. These behaviours have been interpreted from thermodynamic indices: carbon activity ac and the oxide scale integrity related to oxygen potential Po2 as a function of temperature.

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Rahman, Atikur, Vipin Chawla, R. Jayaganthan, Ramesh Chandra, R. Ambardar, and S. Beer Mohamed. "Microstructural Characterisations and High Temperature Oxidation Studies of Nanostructured Co–Al Coatings Deposited on Superalloy." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 65, no. 2 (April 2012): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-011-0115-4.

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Xiao, Shenglei, Peng Wang, Damien Soulat, and Hang Gao. "Thermo-Mechanical Characterisations of Flax Fibre and Thermoplastic Resin Composites during Manufacturing." Polymers 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101139.

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The flax fibre reinforced composites with advanced structure, which can be regarded as recyclable parts, are potential and promising materials in the automobile industry. During their manufacturing, the reinforcements or prepregs should be performed to the desired shape beforehand. Mechanical behaviours accordingly play an important role during this process. However, this preforming process is usually under high temperatures, thus, the mechanical behaviours could be modified under this state. Especially for reinforcements produced by flax yarns, has barely been studied. To fill this gap, in this paper the thermos-mechanical characterization of Flax/Polyamide12 (PA12) commingled yarn and prepreg woven fabric is analysed using tensile and in-plane shearing tests under different temperatures and tensile speeds. The results conclusively show that strength can be improved by increasing the temperature below the PA12 melting value on woven fabrics, which is inverse tendency for single yarn. Moreover, increasing tensile speed could increase the strength of the single yarn and fabric. This reveals that the PA12 fluidity has great influence on tensile behaviour. The characterisation results would be employed as prescriptive recommendations in the process of manufacturing flax fibre-reinforced composite parts.

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Mat Salleh, M., M. F. Mohd Fauzi, and S. S. Md Nor. "The effect of chemically treated all-cellulose composites (ACCs) with dodecyltriethoxysilane (DTES) solution on the structural-property relationship." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1192, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1192/1/012002.

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Abstract Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on the Earth that is widely used in bio-based composites due to its high mechanical properties, availability and biodegradability. All-cellulose composites (ACCs) are known as a new class monocomponent of biocomposites due to both reinforcing and matrix phases that are based on cellulose. However, a technical challenge for ACCs is observed due to their propensity for high moisture absorption (water uptake), leading to the instability and deterioration of the mechanical properties. Therefore, this research focussed towards the improvement of the surface of ACCs in order to increase the resistance to water absorption. Prior to the characterisations, ACCs were chemically treated using dodecytriethoxysilane (DTES) coating solution by dip coating method. In this present study, the effects of two control factors: (i) DTES concentration (1.5, 7.5, and 12.5 vol%), and (ii) heating temperature (50, and 100 °C), were investigated on the ACCs. Upon completion of this treatment, three possible characterisations were conducted including of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water absorption (WA) testing. Creation of polysiloxane layer was expected to reduce the tendency to absorb water in ACCs while being applied in the outdoor applications.

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Kurajica, Stanislav, Vilko Mandić, Ivana Panžić, Mattia Gaboardi, Katarina Mužina, Ana Lozančić, Juraj Šipušić, et al. "In-Operando Diffraction and Spectroscopic Evaluation of Pure, Zr-, and Ce-Doped Vanadium Dioxide Thermochromic Films Derived via Glycolate Synthesis." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122537.

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Pure and doped vanadia (VO2, V0.98Zr0.02O2, V0.98Ce0.02O2) samples were prepared by wet chemistry synthesis from vanadyl glycolate intermediate phase and tape casted into films. Combining in-operando grazing incidence synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, we studied the structural evolution of the films under isothermal conditions. The setup allowed assessment of the thermochromic functionality with continuous monitoring of the monoclinic to tetragonal transition in pure and doped vanadia phases, responsible for the transmission and reflection of light in the infrared part of the solar spectrum. The materials characterisation by X-ray diffraction beamline (MCX) goniometer demonstrated ideal performance, combining flexible geometry, high resolution, and the potential to accommodate the multi-channel equipment for in-operando characterisation. This method proved viable for evaluating the relevant structural and physical, and thereof functional properties of these systems. We revealed that dopants reduce the transition temperature by 5 °C on average. The synthetic route of the films was held responsible for the observed phase separation. The more favourable behaviour of cerium-doped sample was attributed to cerium alkoxide behaviour. In addition, structural, microstructural, thermal, and spectroscopic characterisation on powder samples was performed to gain more insight into the development of the phases that are responsible for thermochromic features in a broader range of doping ratios. The influence of the dopants on the extent of the thermochromic transition (transmission to reflection hysteresis) was also evaluated using (micro) structural, thermal and spectroscopic methods of powder samples. Characterisations showed that zirconium doping in 2, 4, and 6 mol% significantly influenced the phase composition and morphology of the precursor. Vanadium oxides other than VO2 can easily crystallise; however, a thermal treatment regime that allowed crystallisation of VO2 as a single phase was established.

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Lhuissier, Pierre, Mario Scheel, Luc Salvo, Elodie Boller, Marco Di Michiel, and Jean Jacques Blandin. "4D Damage Characterization during Superplastic Deformation of Magnesium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 735 (December 2012): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.735.61.

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As for aluminium alloys, magnesium alloys are generally sensitive to strain induced cavitation when they are deformed in superplastic conditions. It has been widely shown that X-ray micro tomography is a particularly efficient tool for studying in 3D damage mechanisms during superplastic deformation. However, such characterisations are generally performed in post mortem conditions, namely on samples first deformed up to given strains and then characterised. In the present investigation, thanks to particularly short acquisition times offered by ESRF, damage induced by superplastic deformation of a magnesium alloy is studied thanks to tomography analyses performed in 4D conditions, namely directly during high temperature deformation tests. Such conditions provide unique opportunities for investigating nucleation, growth and coalescence of cavities since it is thus possible to follow each cavity up to the fracture process.

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Yuan, Sheng, Bérangère Toury, and Stephane Benayoun. "Preparation & Characterization of h-BN Coatings on Ti-Based Substrate Synthesized via the PDCs Route: Tribological Applications in Severe Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.858.

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H-BN coatings can be achieved by the Polymer Derived Ceramics (PDCs) route on metallic substrate, i.e. titanium. The ceramization process is led via an optical treatment by IR irradiation to overcome the problem of the metal stability at high temperature (needed in classical process). Structural and chemical characterisations by XRD, IR, RAMAN and EDS show that the obtained crackless coatings have a micro composite structure composed by a µ-layer of TiBx/TiN at the interphase, the h-BN coating and a layer of BN(O) at the surface. Hereafter, tribological and mechanical analyses investigated through nano- and micro-indentation give a weak friction coefficient and show a good adherence between the substrate and the coating. This good adherence can be explained by the formation of Ti-B-N bond at the interface.

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Дисертації з теми "High temperature characterisations"

Audouard, Lisa. "Conception et caractérisation de matériaux ultra haute température à gradient de propriétés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCA019.

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Le développement d’un nouveau prototype d’ergol vert destiné aux moteurs de repositionnement de satellites implique des conditions thermiques et environnementales plus sévères pour les matériaux de la chambre de combustion, par rapport aux conditions actuelles. De ce fait, des matériaux alternatifs dits Matériaux à Gradient de Propriétés (MGP) sont développés depuis plusieurs années dans le cadre d’une étude ONERA-CNES-ICB. Cette thèse a pour objectif de poursuivre le développement de ce type de matériau à gradient céramique/métal afin d’optimiser sa conception et d’assurer ainsi sa mise en œuvre jusqu’à 2400 °C en présence de vapeur d’eau. Premièrement, différentes configurations de MGP élaborés par projection thermique plasma sous air (APS) ont été testées sous flux thermique laser sous vide jusqu’à 2350 °C. La mise en place d’une modélisation de la fissuration de ces matériaux soumis à un choc thermique a permis de mieux faire le lien entre les dégradations observées et les configurations de MGP. En particulier, il a été montré que l’augmentation de l’épaisseur de la céramique à la surface du MGP est responsable de l’apparition et de la propagation de fissures plus profondes et déviées.Dans un second temps, la possibilité d’utiliser les MGP élaborés dans une ambiance oxydante à ultra haute température a été étudiée au moyen de deux bancs d’essais expérimentaux. Le premier d’entre eux est un banc laser qui a permis de tester les matériaux face à des chocs thermiques répétés jusqu’à 1800 °C et en présence de vapeur d’eau. Les matériaux testés ont présenté une bonne résistance et les mécanismes de dégradation relatifs à l’oxydation du MGP ont pu être identifiés et reliés à aux différentes configurations de MGP et aux conditions d’essai testées. Dans ces conditions, l’augmentation de l’épaisseur de la couche céramique assure une meilleure protection contre l’oxydation. Le second moyen d’essai a permis de qualifier les MGP dans la flamme H2/O2 d’une chambre de combustion. De ce fait, les conditions d’essais étaient relativement proches des conditions réelles visées. Aucune dégradation majeure n’a été relevée à la suite de ces essais en chambre de combustion, ce qui démontre le potentiel de ce type de MGP pour l’application visée.En parallèle, un travail a été mené sur l’amélioration de la partie en céramique du MGP. En effet, le métal utilisé a un coefficient de dilatation thermique deux fois inférieur à celui de la céramique choisie. De ce fait, et malgré la présence du gradient, de fortes contraintes thermomécaniques s’exercent au niveau des interfaces entre les différentes couches du MGP. Ainsi, un point clé de cette étude a consisté à comprendre l’influence de la composition de la céramique et en particulier du taux et de la nature de l’oxyde de terre rare utilisé sur le coefficient de dilatation thermique. De plus, des mesures de conductivité ionique et de conductivité thermique ont permis de rendre compte du rôle de barrière thermique et environnemental de la couche en céramique pure à la surface du MGP. Il a été montré que des compositions à base de forts taux de Lu2O3 étaient les plus prometteuses. Enfin, une dernière partie de cette thèse était consacrée à étudier la possibilité de cicatriser les fissures observées au sein de la couche céramique, apparues à la suite du traitement thermique ou à la suite d’un essai sous flux thermique. Pour cela, un disilicate d’yttrium a été introduit dans la couche en céramique pure du MGP directement au cours de l’élaboration par APS. Son influence sur la résistance des échantillons dans des conditions sévères de température et d’atmosphère a été reportée. En particulier, la présence de ce disilicate est responsable de transformations chimiques au sein du MGP au cours des essais à haute température
The development of a new green ergol prototype for satellite repositioning engines requires more severe thermal and environmental conditions for combustion chamber materials than is currently the case. As a result, alternative materials known as functionally graded materials (FGM) have been developed for several years as part of an ONERA-CNES-ICB study. The aim of this thesis is to pursue the development of this type of ceramic/metal gradient material, in order to optimize its design and ensure that it can be used up to 2400 °C in the presence of water vapor. Firstly, different configurations of FGM developed by air plasma thermal spraying (APS) were tested under vacuum laser heat flux up to 2350 °C. By modelling the cracking of these materials when subjected to thermal shock, the link between the observed degradations and the FGM configurations was better established. In particular, it has been shown that increasing the thickness of the ceramic on the FGM surface is responsible for the appearance and propagation of deeper, deviated cracks.Secondly, the possibility to use such FGM under an oxidising atmosphere at ultra-high temperature was studied through two experimental set ups. The first one is a laser test bench which allowed to assure the resistance of the materials submitted to repeated thermal schocks up to 1800 °C in presence of water vapour. The tested materials presented an appropriate behaviour under the tested conditions. The degradation mechanisms related to FGM oxidation have been identified and compared from one FGM configuration to another and linked to the tested conditions. The second one permits to qualify the behaviour of FGM in the H2/O2 flame of a combustion chamber. Thus, the tested conditions were relatively close to the ones of the intended application. No major degradation was observed after the combustion chamber tests, which demonstrates the potential of this type of FGM for the application.In parallel, a study was carried out about the improvement of the ceramic part of the FGM. Indeed, the thermal expansion coefficient of the chosen metal is twice lower than the one of the chosen ceramic. Thus, and despite the presence of graded layers in-between the metal and the ceramic, high thermomechanical stresses occur at the interfaces between the different layers of the FGM. Thus, a key point of this study consisted in the understanding of the influence of the ceramic composition, and in particular of the amount and nature of the rare earth oxide, on the thermal expansion coefficient. In addition, ionic conductivity and thermal conductivity measurements most accurately reflect the role of thermal and environmental barrier coating of the pure ceramic layer upon the FGM. It has been shown that high content Lu2O3 based compositions are the most promising to be used for the ceramic composition of the FGM. The last part of this thesis was dedicated to study the possibility to heal the cracks observed in the ceramic, which came either from the thermal treatment, either from the thermal tests. Thus, an yttrium disilicate was introduced in the pure ceramic layer of the FGM directly during the elaboration process with APS. Its influence on the resistance of FGM under harsh thermal and environmental conditions was finally reported. In particular, the presence of this disilicate is responsible of chemical transformations in the FGM during high temperature tests

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Yasmin, Asma. "Characterisation and evaluation of high temperature composites." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391379.

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Georgiades, Alexis N. "Synthesis and characterisation of novel high temperature polyimides." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733/.

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Lee, Elaine Tse Ching. "Synthesis and characterisation of high-temperature superconducting materials." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624888.

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Littleton, C. J. "Characterisation of high temperature corrosion products using Raman microscopy." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378937.

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Frost, A. J. "The characterisation of high temperature superconductors for power engineering." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239287.

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Hole, Christopher. "Pulsed magnetic field characterisation of technological high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294363.

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Davies, Michael I. "High temperature nanoindentation characterisation of P91 and P92 steel." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13233/.

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Modern demands in power generation call for higher efficiencies from every area of the power plant. One aspect of this is a drive to increase plant operating temperatures placing higher demand on structural materials. P91 and P92 are two steels commonly used in steam pipes. In order to accurately predict the service lifetime of components, mechanical properties at operating temperatures are critical. In particular properties of material around weld fusion joints are of interest as it is in these regions where failures occur. Conventional techniques such as Vicker’s hardness testing and uniaxial tensile testing are used to characterise the mechanical properties and creep behaviour of bulk materials. These techniques are often used to determine the properties of P91 and P92 parent and weld materials, the limitation of these techniques is that they require large volumes of material. They are therefore unable to determine differences in properties through the heat affected zone of the parent material which is typically only a few millimetres across. Nanoindentation is a technique which offers a potential solution to this problem. It was developed in order to examine the properties of thin films and small material volumes. In recent years several approaches have been developed to perform nanoindentation experiments at elevated temperature. These approaches have been examined in order to establish which provides the best thermal stability for high temperature nanoindentation measurements. This technique has then been used to perform high temperature nanoindentation experiments to determine the mechanical properties and creep behaviour of P91 and P92 steel. The correlation between nanoindentation measurements on bulk materials and those obtained using conventional methods is examined. In particular the significance of creep stress exponents calculated from nanoindentation dwell data is discussed. Nanoindentation is then used to characterise the heat affected zone of a weld, giving clear indications of the effects of microstructural differences on the material properties.

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Gribben, F. "Development and characterisation of high temperature elastomeric polymer blends." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437869.

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Manton, Stephen John. "Fabrication and characterisation of high temperature superconducting bulk YBCO." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396128.

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Книги з теми "High temperature characterisations"

M, McLean, Elliott I, Institute of Metals. Materials Science Committee., Institute of Metals. Materials Engineering Committee., and Institute of Metals. Continuing Education Committee., eds. Characterisation of high-temperature materials. London: Institute of Metals, 1988.

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Yasmin, Asma. Characterisation and evaluation of high temperature composites. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2000.

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Day, Michael J. Fabrication and characterisation of high-temperature superconductng thick films. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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Asab, Abdul. Synthesis and characterisation of new mercury-based high-temperature superconductors. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.

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Avenhaus, Beate. Characterisation of high temperature superconducting thin films and their microwave applications. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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French, Graham John. The development and application of a magneto-optical characterisation system for high temperature superconductors. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1998.

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Moussa, Mohamed A. A. Fabrication and characterisation of Nd-123 high-temperature superconducting thick films on yttria stabilized zirconia substrates. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2003.

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Quadakkers, W. J. Cyclic oxidation of high temperature materials: Mechanisms, testing methods, characterisation and life time estimation : proceedings of an EFC Workshop, Frankfurt/Main, 1999. London: IOM Communications, 1999.

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J, Quadakkers W., Schütze Michael, European Federation of Corrosion, and Institute of Materials (London, England), eds. Cyclic oxidation of high temperature materials: Mechanisms, testing methods, characterisation and life time estimation ; proceedings of an EFC Workshop, Frankfurt/Main, 1999. London: Published for the European Federation of Corrosion by IOM Communications, 1999.

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McLean, M. Characterisation Of High Temperature Materials: Non-destructive Testing (Characterisation of High Temperature Materials). Maney Publishing, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "High temperature characterisations"

Poulon-Quintin, A., M. H. Berger, and A. R. Bunsell. "Mechanical and Microstructural Characterisation of Nextel 650 Alumina-Zirconia Fibres." In High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites, 106–11. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605622.ch19.

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Zamboni, M., S. Koishikawa, M. Murakami, G. Yang, and J. S. Abell. "Magneto-Optical Characterisation of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox Single Crystals." In High-Temperature Superconductors and Novel Inorganic Materials, 189–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4732-3_32.

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Bhatnagar, Praneet, Nicolas G. Wright, A. B. Horsfall, Konstantin V. Vassilevski, C. Mark Johnson, Michael J. Uren, Keith P. Hilton, A. G. Munday, and A. J. Hydes. "High Temperature Characterisation of 4H-SiC VJFET." In Materials Science Forum, 799–802. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-442-1.799.

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Kaya, C., E. G. Butler, A. R. Boccaccini, and M. H. Lewis. "Processing and Characterisation of Mullite (Nextel™ 720) Fibre-Reinforced Mullite Matrix Composites from Hydrothermally Processed Mullite Precursors." In High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites, 639–44. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605622.ch97.

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Altenburg, H., H. Dyck, W. Jaszczuk, Ch Seega, C. Magerkurth, N. Munser, J. Plewa, et al. "Preparation and Characterisation of HTSC Powders, Shaping of Bulk Materials and Their Magnetic Properties." In High-Temperature Superconductors and Novel Inorganic Materials, 39–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4732-3_6.

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Munholland, Jonah, Derek Rosso, Davinder Randhawa, Craig Divine, and Andy Pennington. "Advances in Low-Temperature Thermal Remediation." In Advances in the Characterisation and Remediation of Sites Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 623–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34447-3_18.

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AbstractRemediation through traditional high-temperature thermal techniques (over 100 °C) are designed to remove contaminants like petroleum hydrocarbons via enhanced mobilization and volatilization. However, remedies of this nature can require significant infrastructure, capital, operational and maintenance costs, along with high energy demands and carbon footprints. Conversely, low-temperature thermal approaches (in the mesophilic range of ~15–40 °C) are an inexpensive and more sustainable method that can enhance the physical, biological, and chemical processes to remove contaminants. Heat transfer properties of subsurface sediments and other geological materials do not vary considerably and are relatively independent of grain size, unlike hydraulic properties that can vary several orders of magnitude within a site and often limit the pace of remediation of many in-situ technologies. Therefore, low-temperature thermal remediation is a promising alternative that can remediate contaminant mass present in both high- and low-permeability settings, including fractured rock. Emergence of risk-based non-aqueous phase liquid management approaches and sustainable best management practices further offer a platform for low-temperature thermal remedies to advance petroleum hydrocarbon remediation with lower capital and operational costs. Case studies demonstrating this approach along with preliminary sustainability comparisons of the associated reduced energy use and carbon footprint are described in this chapter.

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Somerville, Michael A., and Paul Kolton. "High Temperature Characterisation and Techno-Economics of E-Waste Processing." In REWAS 2016, 297–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48768-7_46.

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Berenov, A., N. Malde, Y. Bugoslavsky, L. F. Cohen, J. L. MacManus-Driscoll, and S. J. Foltyn. "Microstructural Characterisation of High Jc, YBCO Thick Films Grown at Very High Rates and High Temperatures by PLD." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 111–18. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118405932.ch10.

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Liu, Gaisheng, John F. Devlin, Peter Dietrich, and James J. Butler. "High-Resolution Characterization of the Shallow Unconsolidated Subsurface Using Direct Push, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Groundwater Tracing Technologies." In Advances in the Characterisation and Remediation of Sites Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 171–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34447-3_7.

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AbstractGroundwater protection and contaminated site remediation efforts continue to be hampered by the difficulty in characterizing physical properties in the subsurface at a resolution that is sufficiently high for practical investigations. For example, conventional well-based field methods, such as pumping tests, have proven to be of limited effectiveness for obtaining information, such as the transmissive and storage characteristics of a formation and the rate at which groundwater flows, across different layers in a heterogeneous aquifer system. In this chapter, we describe a series of developments that are intended to improve our discipline’s capability for high-resolution characterization of subsurface conditions in shallow, unconsolidated settings. These developments include high-resolution methods for hydraulic conductivity (K) characterization based on direct push (DP) technology (e.g., DP electrical conductivity probe, DP permeameter, DP injection logger, Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT), and High-Resolution K tool), K and porosity characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and groundwater flux characterization by monitoring the movement of thermal or chemical tracers through distributed temperature sensing (DTS) equipment or the point velocity probe (PVP). Each of these approaches is illustrated using field or laboratory examples, and a brief discussion is provided on their advantages, limitations, as well as suggestions for future developments.

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Paula, Andersan S., Karimbi K. Mahesh, Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes, Rui Miguel S. Martins, A. M. A. Cardoso, and Norbert Schell. "In Situ High Temperature Texture Characterisation in NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Using Synchrotron Radiation." In Materials Science Forum, 125–30. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-975-x.125.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "High temperature characterisations"

Valente, T., G. Marino, and M. Tului. "Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composite for High Temperature Applications Obtained by Plasma Spraying." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0032.

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Abstract Nose and wing leading edges for future generations space vehicles will withstand very high temperature in an oxidizing environment. UHTC (Ultra High Temperature Ceramics) materials are very promising candidate materials for such applications. An innovative, proprietary methodology was developed to produce, by plasma spraying deposition, a ceramic composite containing SiC particles (25 wt %) dispersed in a ZrB2 matrix. With such a technique both coatings and self standing parts were fabricated. In the present paper, the results of mechanical characterisations, carried out on self standing samples, are presented. Tensile and bending properties were determined by mechanical tests on as sprayed samples and on samples exposed at high temperature (2173 K) in oxidising conditions. Experimental results clearly evidenced the possibility to use the plasma spraying technology and suggest that the so fabricated ZrB2-SiC material is suitable to be adopted as protective coating.

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Paajanen, A., P. Penttilä, A. Zitting, and J. A. Ketoja. "New Tools to Study Water Interactions of Microfibril Bundles: Molecular Modelling Based on Nanoscale Characterization." In Advances in Pulp and Paper Research. Pulp & Paper Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2022.1.483.

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The picture of the smallest structural units of wood fibres, that is, cellulose microfibrils and their bundles, has become more accurate during the last couple of decades, when information gained from several experimental characterisations has been drawn together. This work has been supported by computational methods that allow one to test the behaviour of postulated structures on the nanometre scale, and thus help in interpreting the experimental data. Bound water is an essential component in these models, as it affects both the structural swelling and the mechanical properties of the fibre wall nanostructure. Moreover, mechanisms on this scale can be expected to drive similar properties of macroscopic fibres. We suggest that several large-scale problems in papermaking and converting could be approached with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations for varied chemical compositions and external conditions. We demonstrate this by first showing that simulated moisture diffusion rates agree with measured ones at room temperature, and then determine diffusion rates at elevated temperatures that lack reliable experimental data. These predictions provide key knowledge for further development of high-temperature drying and pressing processes. The results are important also when linking material performance at varied external conditions to the composition of the fibres.

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Dodoo, Daniel, Francis Kotoka, Godfred Appiah, and Samuel Tulashie. "Oil produced from Ghana cocoa bean for potential industrial applications." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/fzpf7288.

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Cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao) oil is a promising intermediate cocoa product with few research demonstrating its potential for the direct production of industrial cocoa products. The liquefied form could be utilised as an intermediate cocoa bean product to manufacture industrial cocoa products with a controllable yield and low cost. This study highlights the extraction and characterisations of oil obtained from the Ghana cocoa bean crop to evaluate its suitability for industrial applications. A solvent extraction method was employed to extract the oil at variable extraction temperatures and times. Kinetic and thermodynamic models were adopted to study the oil's extraction at varying temperatures and times. The maximum yield of the oil (21.62%) was reached at the highest temperature and time at 333 K and 130 min, respectively, following first-order kinetics. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the extraction process is a forward, irreversible, endothermic, and spontaneously favourable process with activation energy 15.57 kJ mol-1. Next, the physicochemical properties were below the recommended values and acceptable for industrial and commercial applications. For instance, the oil's iodine, peroxide, saponification, unsaponification, and free fatty acids were below the recommended standards acceptable for industrial applications. The gas chromatography identified stearic acid (37%), oleic acid (34%), and palmitic acid (26%) as the major fatty acids in the oil. Differential scanning calorimetry “thermal gravimetric studies showed that the oil was thermally stable at high temperatures until thermal decomposition occurred around 260Â°C. Likewise, computational modelling and Fourier infrared red spectroscopy analysis revealed that the oil was highly stable to thermal oxidation despite the high temperatures employed for the extraction process. All in all, the results indicate that the extraction process can be optimised to maximise the oil's yield and reduce production costs. The oil's chemical and physical properties make it a suitable intermediate cocoa product for industrial applications.

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Staroselsky, A., and B. Cassenti. "A visco-plastic damage model for high temperature creep of single-crystal superalloys." In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc070401.

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Katogi, H., K. Takemura, and R. Suzuki. "Tensile properties of surface treated jute fibers under high environmental (ambient) temperatures." In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc150041.

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Rojacz, H., F. Birkelbach, and M. Varga. "High temperature oxidation studies of binary and ternary iron based alloys at 700°C." In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc150341.

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Caminha, I., C. Barbosa, I. Abud, S. Santana de Carvalho, F. C. de Souza Coelho dos Santos, and M. de Jesus Monteiro. "A microstructural study on the high temperature oxidation, carburation and sulfidation of HK 40 and Incoloy 802." In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc130041.

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Tanaka, K., S. Yamada, Y. Matsuura, and T. Katayama. "FEM analysis of temperature distribution of CFRTP curved pipe mold heated by high-frequency direct resistance heating." In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc150211.

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Hamdi, Zakaria, Mariyamni Awang, Mahmood Bataee, and Maryam Vatanparast. "Proposing Low Temperature CO₂ for Enhancing Miscibility in High Temperature Reservoirs." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/186031-ms.

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Wenkai Tao, Si Chen, Xiaohua Liu, Huiwang Cui, Tianan Chen, and Johan Liu. "Reliability characterisation of Bi-modal high temperature stable Isotropic Conductive Adhesives." In High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2010.5582437.

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Звіти організацій з теми "High temperature characterisations"

Azzi, Elias S., Cecilia Sundberg, Helena Söderqvist, Tom Källgren, Harald Cederlund, and Haichao Li. Guidelines for estimation of biochar durability : Background report. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.lkbuavb9qc.

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Biochar is produced by heating biomass in the total or partial absence of oxygen. This report addresses the long-term persistence of biochar in soil and how this can be managed in climate calculations and reporting. The report consists of this summary and four chapters, which can be read independently. Different terms have been used to describe the durability of biochar carbon storage, but also the physical presence of biochar in soils, e.g. persistence, permanence, recalcitrance, residence times, stability. Today, the term “durability of carbon storage” is preferred in policy contexts, but various academic disciplines such as soil science have other established terms like “persistence”. Here, both durability and persistence are used, rather interchangeably. It is important to be aware of differences in meaning that exist between disciplines. The purpose of this report is to present the state of knowledge regarding the proportion of carbon in biochar that remains in the soil over time and provide recommendations for calculating this. There is a need to calculate the persistence of biochar in soil for national climate reporting, corporate climate reporting, carbon credit trading, and life cycle assessments for various purposes. On the persistence of biochar The amount of biochar remaining after a certain time depends on the properties of the biochar and the environment in which it is located. Nearly all research on biochar persistence has focused on its application in agricultural soils. The main reason for the high durability of biochar carbon storage is the formation of fused aromatic stable structures during biomass pyrolysis. A high degree of fused aromatic structures makes biochar much less prone to microbial decomposition than fresh biomass. Different biochars have different properties, and this influences how long they persist in the soil. To achieve biochar with properties that provide higher persistence, it should be produced at higher temperatures for a sufficient duration. Measuring and calculating biochar persistence Established quantification methods of 100-year biochar persistence (e.g. referenced in IPCC inventory guidelines and used in voluntary carbon markets, to date) extrapolate short-term soil decomposition processes, and do not fully consider the processes that may explain millennial persistence. Calculations regarding biochar persistence have traditionally used a time span of 100 years to describe the amount of remaining carbon after a certain time. The use of specifically 100 years lacks a well founded scientific reason, but has been regarded as “far enough” into the future from a climate perspective and close enough for modelling to be meaningful. An active area of research relevant for the understanding biochar carbon storage durability is the development of advanced analytical characterisation methods of biochar that will enable measurement of the physicochemical heterogeneity in carbon structures present in biochar. Another area of continued research is biochar incubation, with a focus on field conditions, to elucidate both differences from laboratory conditions, and how transport processes affect biochar in the field. Recommendation and conclusion In the project, available research data has been aggregated into a functional model that calculates how much of the carbon in biochar remains after a given number of years. The model is based on the H/C ratio of the biochar placed in the soil and the annual average temperature at the location. The model is made freely accessible to provide biochar market actors with the best available knowledge for estimating the durability of biochar carbon. Existing research results provide a sufficient foundation for estimation of the amount of biochar expected to remain over time. Future research results are expected to lead to increased knowledge regarding the decomposition properties of biochar, in particular biochars with a very low H/C ratio. Therefore, this recommendation will be revised by the end of the project in 2025.

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Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Erik Fridell, Jaakko Kukkonen, Jana Moldanova, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Achilleas Grigoriadis, Maria Moustaka, et al. Environmental impacts of exhaust gas cleaning systems in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea area. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361898.

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Description: Shipping is responsible for a range of different pressures affecting air quality, climate, and the marine environment. Most social and economic analyses of shipping have focused on air pollution assessment and how shipping may impact climate change and human health. This risks that policies may be biased towards air pollution and climate change, whilst impacts on the marine environment are not as well known. One example is the sulfur regulation introduced in January 2020, which requires shipowners to use a compliant fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5% (0.1% in SECA regions) or use alternative compliance options (Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems, EGCS) that are effective in reducing sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions to the atmosphere. The EGCS cleaning process results in large volumes of discharged water that includes a wide range of contaminants. Although regulations target SOx removal, other pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and combustion particles are removed from the exhaust to the wash water and subsequently discharged to the marine environment. Based on dilution series of the Whole Effluent Testing (WET), the impact of the EGCS effluent on marine invertebrate species and on phytoplankton was found to vary between taxonomic groups, and between different stages of the invertebrate life cycle. Invertebrates were more affected than phytoplankton, and the most sensitive endpoint detected in the present project was the fertilisation of sea urchin eggs, which were negatively affected at a sample dilution of 1 : 1,000,000. Dilutions of 1: 100,000 were harmful to early development of several of the tested species, including mussels, polychaetes, and crustaceans. The observed effects at these low concentrations of EGCS effluent were reduced egg production, and deformations and abnormal development of the larvae of the species. The ecotoxicological data produced in the EMERGE project were used to derive Predicted No Effect Concentration values. Corresponding modelling studies revealed that the EGCS effluent can be considered as a single entity for 2-10 days from the time of discharge, depending on the environmental conditions like sea currents, winds, and temperature. Area 10-30 km outside the shipping lanes will be prone to contaminant concentrations corresponding to 1 : 1,000,000 dilution which was deemed harmful for most sensitive endpoints of WET experiments. Studies for the Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea) revealed that the EGCS effluent dilution rate exceeded the 1 : 1,000,000 ratio 70% of the time at a distance of about 10 km from the port. This was also observed for 15% of the time within a band of 10 km wide along the shipping lane extending 500 km away from the port of Piraeus. When mortality of adult specimens of one of the species (copepod Acartia tonsa) was used as an endpoint it was found to be 3-4 orders of magnitude less sensitive to EGCS effluent than early life stage endpoints like fertilisation of eggs and larval development. Mortality of Acartia tonsa is commonly used in standard protocols for ecotoxicological studies, but our data hence shows that it seriously underestimates the ecologically relevant toxicity of the effluent. The same is true for two other commonly used and recommended endpoints, phytoplankton growth and inhibition of bioluminescence in marine bacteria. Significant toxic effects were reached only after addition of 20-40% effluent. A marine environmental risk assessment was performed for the Öresund region for baseline year 2018, where Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs) of open loop effluent discharge water were compared to the PNEC value. The results showed modelled concentrations of open loop effluent in large areas to be two to three orders of magnitude higher than the derived PNEC value, yielding a Risk Characterisation Ratio of 500-5000, which indicates significant environmental risk. Further, it should be noted that between 2018-2022 the number of EGCS vessels more than quadrupled in the area from 178 to 781. In this work, the EGCS discharges of the fleet in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, the English Channel, and the Mediterranean Sea area were studied in detail. The assessments of impacts described in this document were performed using a baseline year 2018 and future scenarios. These were made for the year 2050, based on different projections of transport volumes, also considering the fuel efficiency requirements and ship size developments. From the eight scenarios developed, two extremes were chosen for impact studies which illustrate the differences between a very high EGCS usage and a future without the need for EGCS while still compliant to IMO initial GHG strategy. The scenario without EGCS leads to 50% reduction of GHG emissions using low sulfur fuels, LNG, and methanol. For the high EGCS adoption scenario in 2050, about a third of the fleet sailing the studied sea areas would use EGCS and effluent discharge volumes would be increased tenfold for the Baltic Sea and hundredfold for the Mediterranean Sea when compared to 2018 baseline discharges. Some of the tested species, mainly the copepods, have a central position in pelagic food webs as they feed on phytoplankton and are themselves the main staple food for most fish larvae and for some species of adult fish, e.g., herring. The direct effect of the EGSE on invertebrates will therefore have an important indirect effect on the fish feeding on them. Effects are greatest in and near shipping lanes. Many important shipping lanes run close to shore and archipelago areas, and this also puts the sensitive shallow water coastal ecosystems at risk. It should be noted that no studies on sub-lethal effects of early 19 life stages in fish were included in the EMERGE project, nor are there any available data on this in the scientific literature. The direct toxic effects on fish at the expected concentrations of EGCS effluent are therefore largely unknown. According to the regional modelling studies, some of the contaminants will end up in sediments along the coastlines and archipelagos. The documentation of the complex chemical composition of EGCS effluent is in sharp contrast to the present legislation on threshold levels for content in EGCS effluent discharged from ships, which includes but a few PAHs, pH, and turbidity. Traditional assessments of PAHs in environmental and marine samples focus only on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) list of 16 priority PAHs, which includes only parent PAHs. Considering the complex PAHs assemblages and the importance of other related compounds, it is important to extend the EPA list to include alkyl-PAHs to obtain a representative monitoring of EGCS effluent and to assess the impact of its discharges into the marine environment. An economic evaluation of the installation and operational costs of EGCS was conducted noting the historical fuel price differences of high and low sulfur fuels. Equipment types, installation dates and annual fuel consumption from global simulations indicated that 51% of the global EGCS fleet had already reached break-even by the end of 2022, resulting in a summarised profit of 4.7 billion €2019. Within five years after the initial installation, more than 95% of the ships with open loop EGCS reach break-even. The pollutant loads from shipping come both through atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. This underlines the need of minimising the release of contaminants by using fuels which reduce the air emissions of harmful components without creating new pollution loads through discharges. Continued use of EGCS and high sulfur fossil fuels will delay the transition to more sustainable options. The investments made on EGCS enable ships to continue using fossil fuels instead of transitioning away from them as soon as possible as agreed in the 2023 Dubai Climate Change conference. Continued carriage of residual fuels also increases the risk of dire environmental consequences whenever accidental releases of oil to the sea occur.

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