Готові списки джерел за темами / High purity water

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "High purity water"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "High purity water"

1

Bennett, Anthony. "Water processes and production: High and ultra-high purity water." Filtration & Separation 46, no. 2 (March 2009): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(09)70034-5.

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2

Cutler, Frances. "Anion Analysis of High Purity Water." Journal of the IEST 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.29.1.76653tm833850471.

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The semiconductor, power and pharmaceutical industries all require ultra high purity water for process control. While the type of demineralizer system used and the specific contaminants of concern may differ, the problems associated with maintaining and monitoring process water quality are similar. The power industry has become increasingly concerned over the levels and transport of trace impurities in steam cycle systems as a result of corrosion problems experienced at supercritical generating units. On-line sodium analysis and continuous conductivity and acid conductivity measurements, used to monitor the high purity water in steam cycle systems, had not prevented the turbine and reheater corrosion in supercritical units. In order to identify the contaminants responsible, ion chromatographic (IC) techniques were developed for analysis of chloride, fluoride, sulfate, formate, acetate, and glycolate at the ppb and ppt levels (parts per billion and parts per trillion). In addition to a discussion of the 1C procedures developed, the paper provides a summary of sample collection and conditioning methods and identifies potential interferences. The paper also examines the relationships between conductivity (or its reciprocal, resistivity), acid conductivity and the level of ionic contamination and presents evidence demonstrating that specific analytical techniques such as 1C need to be used in conjunction with conductivity or resistivity monitoring of ultra pure water.
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3

Ball, M., and R. R. Harries. "Resins for high-purity water production." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 45, no. 2 (April 24, 2007): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280450203.

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4

Chen, Ting Yi, Wen Lu, Wei Liu, Ya Dian Xie, and Ye Qi Fu. "Preparation of Purity Al2O3 for LED Sapphire Materials by Ammonium Aluminum Sulfate and its Performance." Advanced Materials Research 1053 (October 2014): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.50.

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The preparation of aluminium sulfate adopting the sulfuric acid heating method with Al (OH)3 as raw material, and join the β complexing agent in aluminium sulfate solution to remove impurities; ammonium aluminum sulfat is prepared by the reaction of the ammonium solution and aluminum sulfate, and purify ammonium aluminum sulfate to get high purity ammonium aluminum sulfate crystals containing crystal water. Purify the crystallization of ammonium aluminum sulfate with containing water treated at 1250 °C for 3 h. Then the high purity alumina was prepared. Break the high purity alumina to press, and then again process in 3 h under 1650 °C, get Al203 which is craw materials of sapphire crystal LED. The samples were characterized by atomic absorption spectrum (AAS), differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), scanning electron microscopy, XRD and chemical analysis. The purity of high purity alumina is 99.991%, which will be applied to the LED manufacturers on sapphire artificial sapphire growth test.
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5

Liang, Liu Jian, Jin Hu, Wang Kai Jun, and Zhu Xiao Qin. "Preparation of High-Purity Alumina by Hydrolyzing High-Purity Metal Aluminum." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 805–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.805.

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This paper puts forward a new method for the preparation of 99.999% high-purity alumina used for the LED underlay sapphire, which has above 99.999% high-purity aluminum atomized the active aluminum powder by the supersonic multistage cooling way, then makes the powder form the hydrate of the alumina through the hydrolyzing reaction, and finally gets 99.999% high-purity alumina by means of the calcinations and the follow-up granularity treatment. By the processing way, the reactant is only aluminum and water, and there is no other additive, which profitably keeps the product pure and completely satisfies the requirements of synthetic crystals while tested.
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6

Miwa, Tomoo, Yoshinori Noguchi, and Atsushi Mizuike. "Speciation of silica in high-purity water." Analytica Chimica Acta 204 (1988): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)86372-2.

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7

Bennett, Anthony. "Advances in high purity water filtration technologies." Filtration & Separation 41, no. 7 (September 2004): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(04)00318-0.

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8

Martin, Michael W., and Russel A. Giacofei. "Ultratrace anion analysis of high-purity water." Journal of Chromatography A 644, no. 2 (August 1993): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80716-l.

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9

Sowell, Michael W. "PRODUCTION OF HIGH PURITY WATER FROM ELECTROPLATING PROCESS RINSE WATER." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2004, no. 6 (January 1, 2004): 796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864704784105607.

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10

Singh, Rajindar. "Production of high-purity water by membrane processes." Desalination and Water Treatment 3, no. 1-3 (March 2009): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2009.443.

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Дисертації з теми "High purity water"

1

Gehman, Victor H. "Impulse electrical breakdown of high-purity water." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-162624/.

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2

Barrett, G. "Towards detection of endotoxin in high-purity water utilising a surface plasmon resonance biosensor." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11094.

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The aims of this project were to develop a system for monitoring a continuous stream of high grade purified water for potential contamination by bacterial endotoxins. The monitoring system was to be designed so that it could be readily integrated within a closed water purification processing system. The project was viewed as a developmental stage towards the development of a commercial sensor with wide ranging applications within the pharmaceutical and environmental sectors. This text details the development of testing protocols for the examination of ultra pure water using different sensing matrices. The endotoxin structure is comprised of three main sections with specific chemistry. These regions have each been considered as potential areas for detection. The development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) systems and protocols for the detection of endotoxin was shown both to be possible and practical within given experimental parameters. In order to assess the potential for this sensing within a more established experimental system and to further expand the potential sensing layers for endotoxins, further experiments were carried out using a BIAcore system. The use of the BIAcore allowed the examination of alternative sensing surfaces based on the specific nature of the endotoxin molecule rather than the use of literature based reactants that have previously displayed an affinity for the endotoxin molecules. The methods used within this project have concentrated on the overall chemistry of the endotoxin molecule. The potential binding/complexing agents have been targeted at the three principal regions of the endotoxin structure using the chemical nature of these regions as an attractive surface to the sensing layer.
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3

Barrett, Gary. "Towards detection of endotoxin in high-purity water utilising a surface plasmon resonance biosensor." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11094.

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Анотація:
The aims of this project were to develop a system for monitoring a continuous stream of high grade purified water for potential contamination by bacterial endotoxins. The monitoring system was to be designed so that it could be readily integrated within a closed water purification processing system. The project was viewed as a developmental stage towards the development of a commercial sensor with wide ranging applications within the pharmaceutical and environmental sectors. This text details the development of testing protocols for the examination of ultra pure water using different sensing matrices. The endotoxin structure is comprised of three main sections with specific chemistry. These regions have each been considered as potential areas for detection. The development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) systems and protocols for the detection of endotoxin was shown both to be possible and practical within given experimental parameters. In order to assess the potential for this sensing within a more established experimental system and to further expand the potential sensing layers for endotoxins, further experiments were carried out using a BIAcore system. The use of the BIAcore allowed the examination of alternative sensing surfaces based on the specific nature of the endotoxin molecule rather than the use of literature based reactants that have previously displayed an affinity for the endotoxin molecules. The methods used within this project have concentrated on the overall chemistry of the endotoxin molecule. The potential binding/complexing agents have been targeted at the three principal regions of the endotoxin structure using the chemical nature of these regions as an attractive surface to the sensing layer.
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4

Choung, J. W. "Development of conventional and microbubble flotation techniques to produce high purity coal for coal-water mixture fuels." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381395.

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5

Khoza, Samukelisiwe Nozipho Purity. "Characteristic behaviour of pebble bed high temperature gas-cooled reactors during water ingress events / Samukelisiwe Nozipho Purity Khoza." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8706.

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The effect of water ingress in two pebble bed high temperature gas-cooled reactors i.e. the PBMR-200 MWthermal and the PBMR-400 MWthermal were simulated and compared using the VSOP 99/05 suite of codes. To investigate the effect of this event on reactivity, power profiles and thermal neutron flux profiles, the addition of partial steam vapour pressures in stages up to 400 bar into the primary circuit for the PBMR-400 and up to 300 bar for the PBMR- 200 was simulated for both reactors. During the simulation, three scenarios were simulated, i.e. water ingress into the core only, water ingress into the reflectors only and water ingress into both the core and reflectors. The induced reactivity change effects were compared for these reactors. An in-depth analysis was also carried out to study the mechanisms that drive the reactivity changes for each reactor caused by water ingress into the fuel core only, the riser tubes in the reflectors only and ingress into both the fuel core and the riser tubes in the reflectors. The knowledge gained of these mechanisms and effects was used in order to propose design changes aimed at mitigating the reactivity increases, caused by realistic water ingress scenarios. Past results from simulations of water ingress into Pebble Bed Reactors were used to validate and verify the present simulation approach and results. The reactivity increase results for both reactors were in agreement with the German HTR-Modul calculations.
Thesis (MSc (Engineering Sciences in Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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6

COSTA, PRISCILA. "Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para caracterização do filtro cuno do reator IEA-R1 utilizando o método de Monte Carlo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23659.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-04-14T11:33:08Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T11:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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7

Luo, Man-Lin, та 羅嫚琳. "Thermal Conversion of α- Cellulose to High Purity Graphene and its Application for the High Efficiency Removal of the Chloride Ions in Water". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/859eyn.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系所
103
Graphene is a monolayer graphite that has higher electron mobility than silicon, high heat conduction and special optical properties. Many graphene fabrications have been proposed, such as chemical vapor deposition, chemical reduction of graphene oxide, and the exfoliation method. However, these processes are unfeasible due to high cost and the difficulty of removing byproducts. Since 2012 to 2014, our research group identified a feasible method of characterizing graphene sheet content quantitatively in carbon materials and processes for the preparation of high graphene sheet content carbon materials (GSCCMs) from biochar. From these results, we observed a formation of graphene sheet containing α-cellulose content of woody biomass materials. Therefore, in this study we investigated an economic route to mass production of graphene from α-cellulose materials, and its application to remove methyl blue and chloride from MSWI fly ash washing wastewater by graphene. It was found that the efficiency of XRD quenching on GSCCMs increased with the changing of heat-treatment temperature due to the increment in the size of graphene sheets. The highest graphene sheet content of graphene from α-cellulose has 98.95 % at 1500 oC for 48 hr, with an average conductivity and resistivity of 95.69 S/cm and 0.0104 Ω‧cm, respectively. The highest graphene sheet was separated into a monolayer graphene after it was immersed in 30 % of H2O2 solution at room temperature. According to the industry reports, the cost of artificial graphite and graphene for a CVD process is 1,450 USD/ton and 28.57 USD/g, respectively, and the cost of α-cellulose is 40 USD/kg. In this study, the production cost of GSCCMs from α-cellulose was about 0.11 USD/g, and graphene yield was 12.3 %. Therefore, preparing graphene from biomass materials could highly reduce the cost. Homemade graphene from α-cellulose (the graphene content ~ 90 %) removed approximate 177,000 ppb of methylene blue and high chloride content from MSWI fly ash waste water using washing processes. From results, using optical activation homemade graphene from α-cellulose has the advantage of high stability and fast, non (or low) - secondary pollutants etc. When the treatment time was set at 5 minutes, the removal ratio of chloride was achieved at 66.67 % and has 2.22 times higher removal ratio of chloride than other carbon materials. When the treatment time was set at 20 minutes, the removal ratio of chloride was achieved at 100 %. The removal ratio of methyl blue was achieved 100 % at 5 min by using homemade graphene from α-cellulose as working electrode of 3D- asymmetric electrochemical system. The utilization of homemade graphene from α-cellulose is promising, and can be applied as a treatment unit for industrial wastewater in the future.
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Книги з теми "High purity water"

1

Paul, David H. High purity water treatment. Farmington, NM (P.O. Box 2590, Farmington, 87499): D.H. Paul, Inc., 1992.

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2

Madan, Brij M. Components for high purity water treatment systems. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1987.

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3

1947-, Parekh Bipin S., ed. Reverse osmosis technology: Applications for high-purity-water production. New York: M. Dekker, 1988.

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4

Melter, Theodore H. High-purity water preparation for the semiconductor, pharmaceutical, and power industries. Littleton, CO: Tall Oaks Pub., 1993.

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5

Administration, Food and Drug. High Purity Water Systems (Report). F O I Services, 1993.

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6

United States. Food and Drug Administration. Division of Field Investigations., ed. Guide to inspections of high purity water systems. [Rockville, Md.?]: Division of Field Investigations, Office of Regional Operations, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 1993.

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7

United States. Food and Drug Administration. Division of Field Investigations, ed. Guide to inspections of high purity water systems. [Rockville, Md.?]: Division of Field Investigations, Office of Regional Operations, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 1993.

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8

United States. Food and Drug Administration. Division of Field Investigations, ed. Guide to inspections of high purity water systems. [Rockville, Md.?]: Division of Field Investigations, Office of Regional Operations, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 1993.

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9

Meltzer, Theodore H. High Purity Water Preparation for the Semiconductor, Pharamaceutical, and Power Industries. Tall Oaks Books, 1997.

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10

Guide to Inspections of High Purity Water Systems (Fda Inspection Guidelines). Interpharm Pr, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "High purity water"

1

Fishkin, S. "High purity water." In Handbook of Downstream Processing, 456–508. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1563-3_17.

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2

Zoccolante, Gary V. "Chapter 6 High-Purity Water." In Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences, 159–92. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372242-7.

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3

Krapf, E., and R. Preisser. "High Purity Water for Semiconductor Manufacturing." In Process Technologies for Water Treatment, 181–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8556-1_17.

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4

Garzarolli, F., P. Dewes, S. Trapp-Pritsching, and J. L. Nelson. "Irradiation Creep Behavior of High-Purity Stainless Steels and Ni-Base-Alloys." In Ninth International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors, 1027–34. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787618.ch107.

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5

Jandik, Petr, Allan L. Heckenberg, Yair Egozy, Jeffrey Denoncourt, D. A. Stewart, and A. J. Brinklow. "Application of a Diode Array UV Detector for Chromatographic Evaluation of Processes Used in Making High Purity Water." In Recent Developments in Ion Exchange, 98–126. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3449-8_11.

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6

Griscom, David L. "Thermal Bleaching of γ-Ray-Induced Defect Centers in High Purity Fused Silica by Diffusion of Radiolytic Molecular Water." In Structure and Bonding in Noncrystalline Solids, 369–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9477-2_18.

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7

Akashi, Masatsune, and Guen Nakayama. "Effects of Acceleration Factors on the Probability Distribution of Stress-Corrosion Crack Initiation Life for Alloys 600, 182, and 82 in High-Temperature and High-Purity Water Environments." In Ninth International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors, 389–97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787618.ch40.

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8

"high-purity water." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 677. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_80945.

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"High-Purity Water." In Good Design Practices for GMP Pharmaceutical Facilities, 177–210. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series:: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372242-16.

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"High Purity Water." In Good Design Practices for GMP Pharmaceutical Facilities, 145–88. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849398537-11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "High purity water"

1

Highsmith, Anita K., Carol J. Reed, Bill M. Kaylor, Matthew J. Clarke, and Edwin W. Ades. "Detection and Chemical Analysis of High Purity Water." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/911480.

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2

Wenthold, Randal M. "Hollow Fiber Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Products for High Purity Water Treatment Applications." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/pid-25619.

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Abstract For years in the semiconductor inductor industry the only choice individuals had for microfiltration or ultrafiltration devices consisted of flat sheet membrane manufactured into spiral wound or pleated filtration products. Polysulfone hollow fiber technology has evolved in the medical device industry for use as the highest purity type filtration device available. This unique technology is now available for use in the semiconductor business segment as well with product offerings that may be used in laboratory to large-scale applications.
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3

Herter, Karl-Heinz, Xaver Schuler, and Thomas Weissenberg. "Crack Growth Behavior of Ferritic Pressure Vessel Steels in Oxygenated High Temperature Water Under Transient Loadings." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97370.

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The assessment of the influence of the LWR coolant environment and postulated chloride transients on the crack growth is of importance for ageing management with regard to safety and reliability. Aim of the investigations was to determine cyclic crack growth rates at LWR conditions and to study possible size effects and the impact of chlorides on environmentally assisted cracking. Crack growth experiments were performed with fracture mechanics specimens of different size in simulated BWR water of high purity and under the effect of chloride transients with RPV steel 22NiMoCr3-7. Subsequent to a phase of cyclic loading, the specimens were exposed to static load, interrupted by partial unloadings. All cyclic crack growth rates da/dN vs. ΔK in high purity water were in good agreement with ASME XI water curves. No significant influence of specimen size on the crack growth behavior and with regard to SCC could be detected in high purity water environment. Cyclic induced crack propagation immediately stopped when turning to static load. Under static load the chloride transients did not cause crack initiation by SCC. Load transients in chloride containing environment initiated significant SCC-induced crack growth. A “chloride memory effect” with regard to a preceding chloride transient at static load, leading to SCC-induced crack propagation during subsequent load transients in high purity water environment did not arise.
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4

Andresen, Peter L. "Factors Influencing SCC and IASCC of Stainless Steels in High Temperature Water." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2663.

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SCC growth studies were performed in high temperature, high purity water on various grades and various conditions of stainless steel. The synergistic effects of corrosion potential, sensitization, cold work (yield strength), temperature and irradiation were evaluated, and their implications to interpreting and modeling SCC in unirradiated and irradiated structures are discussed.
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Hillis, J. E., and K. N. Reichek. "High Purity Magnesium AM60 Alloy: The Critical Contaminant Limits and the Salt Water Corrosion Performance." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/860288.

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Ioka, Ikuo, Jun Suzuki, Kiyoshi Kiuchi, and Jumpei Nakayama. "Application of Extra High Purity Austenitic Stainless Steel to Weld Overlay." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30197.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) was understood to be the result of a combination of susceptible material, a corrosive environment and tensile stress above a threshold. An Extra High Purity Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steel (EHP alloy) was developed with conducting the new multiple refined melting technique in order to suppress the total impurities (C, O, N, P, S, B, Si, Mn) less than 100ppm. EHP alloy has great intergranular corrosion resistance. It is considered that intergranular corrosion becomes initiation of SCC. So, we try to apply EHP alloy to weld overlay materials to prevent from occurring SCC. EHP alloy (Fe-25Cr-20Ni, Fe-25Cr-35Ni) was melted by the new technique. The conventional weld metals (Type Y316L and Inconel 82) were also prepared as comparisons. Specimens were machined from the welded metal of each material. Intergranular corrosion tests were performed in boiling 8kmol/m3 HNO3 solutions containing 1kg/m3 Cr(VI) ions. The intergranular corrosion of conventional weld metals was severer than those of EHP alloys. Crevice Beam Bending tests to evaluate susceptibility of SCC were carried out in high temperature water of 561K with saturated oxygen (32ppm) for 1000h. Though cracks and intergranular corrosion were observed in all specimens, cracks of conventional weld metals were much more than those of EHP alloys. It was confirmed that EHP alloy has also excellent SCC resistance as a weld overlay material.
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Rebak, Raul B. "Resistance of Ferritic Steels to Stress Corrosion Cracking in High Temperature Water." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97352.

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Austenitic stainless steels such as type 304 and 316 are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in high temperature water environments typical of boiling water reactors (BWR) and pressurized water reactors (PWR). The accumulation over time of irradiation dose on the austenitic materials increases further their susceptibility to environmental cracking. Ferritic steels containing chromium are less susceptible to irradiation damage such as void swelling. Ferritic steels also offer desirable higher thermal conductivity and lower thermal expansion coefficient. Little is known however about the stress corrosion cracking behavior of ferritic steels in high temperature water. Crack propagation rate studies were conducted using four types of wrought and welded ferritic steels (5 to 17% Cr) in high purity water at 288°C containing dissolved oxygen or dissolved hydrogen. Results show that the ferritic steels are notably more resistant to environmental assisted cracking than the austenitic materials.
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8

Yuan, Qingwang, Xiangyu Jie, and Bo Ren. "High-Purity, CO2-Free Hydrogen Generation from Crude Oils in Crushed Rocks Using Microwave Heating." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206341-ms.

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Abstract While the demand for hydrocarbon resources has been continuously increasing in the past 150 years, the industry is, however, criticized for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and concomitant global warming concerns. The oil and gas industry also face growing pressures in the ongoing energy transition. Generating and producing hydrogen (H2) directly from petroleum reservoirs has the potential to mitigate environmental impacts while revolutionizing the traditional petroleum industry and enabling it to become a clean hydrogen industry. This paper proposes a novel approach to generate high-purity, CO2-free hydrogen from the abundant oil and gas resources in petroleum reservoirs using microwave heating. In this work, laboratory experiments were conducted to validate this scientific proof-of-concept and examine the roles of crushed rocks, catalysts, and water/oil ratio in hydrogen generation from crude oils in a reactor. A maximum of 63% ultimate hydrogen content is obtained in the generated gas mixtures, while the original CO2content in all experiments is negligible (<1%). Catalysts can promote hydrogen generation by accelerating rate and locally enhancing microwave (MW) absorption to create ‘super-hot spots'. Water also participates in reactions, and additional hydrogen is generated through water-gas shift reactions. The water-oil ratio in porous rocks affects the ultimate hydrogen yield. Overall, this research demonstrates the great potential of using MW heating to generate high-purity, CO2-free hydrogen from in situ petroleum reservoirs. Further research and wide application of this technology would potentially transform petroleum reservoirs to hydrogen generators, thus mitigating the environmental impacts of traditional petroleum industry while meeting the increasing demand for clean hydrogen energy. This technology would also benefit the safe transition towards a decarbonized society.
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Isdahl, Ole Morten, and Tor Olav Seltveit. "State-of-the-Art Development of Offshore Water Deaeration Processes Utilizing High-Purity Nitrogen for Chemical Free Oxygen Removal." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30559-ms.

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10

Howell, A. G. "Copper Deposition in Stator Cooling Water Systems." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32295.

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Water cooled steam turbine-generator stator systems are subject to flow restrictions and pluggage by copper that originates from within the stators. Deposition may occur within hollow stator bars or coils, or in filters or screens in the water flow circuit. In extreme cases of deposition, flow restriction can cause the generator to overheat due to reduction of cooling flow, resulting in unit outages and potentially serious equipment damage. Chemistry programs to minimize corrosion and transport of copper within the system include high oxygen, low oxygen, and alkaline (pH elevation). In all cases high purity water is required for the application. Examination of copper deposits can provide clues to the adequacy of the chemistry treatment program for minimizing system corrosion.
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Звіти організацій з теми "High purity water"

1

James Torkelson, Neng Ye, Zhijiang Li, Decio Coutinho, and Mark Fokema. Robust Low-Cost Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor for High-Purity Hydrogen Production form Coal-Derived Syngas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/943552.

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2

Young, George A., and Nathan Lewis. The Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Rate of Alloy 600 Heat Affected Zones Exposed to High Purity Water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822113.

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3

Tiegs, T. N., and L. Leaskey. Diffusion Resistant, High-Purity Wafer Carriers For SI Semiconductor Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769361.

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4

Tiegs, T. N. Diffusion Resistant, High-Purity Wafer Carriers For SI Semiconductor Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814218.

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