Готові списки джерел за темами / Heating management

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Heating management"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 1 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Heating management":

N., Baggyalakshmi, G. Bava harini, and Revathi R. "Internal Sales Management of Heating Materials and Heating Systems." International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 23, 2023): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajse/v10i2/iajse1018.

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Software - M3, Microsoft office dynamics 365 and Microsoft excel. The whole work deals with three types of categories HS (Heating System), PHS (Process Heating System) and HM (Heating Material). All these categories consist of many products. The heating system requires 3 to 6 weeks to be manufactured. The process heating material needs 3 months to be manufactured. The heating materials are usually kept ready for the orders. There are two types of sales- the field sales and the inside sales. The field sales take care of the getting orders from the customers. The inside sales takes care of the internal information of the customer, invoicing, and order confirmation. The inside sales also look after the payment process and order placement. Firstly, a PO is sent from the field sales regarding the customer and the order requested. As mentioned, customer master and financial based works are taken over by the inside sales. The customer master is used to check whether the customer is new or old, whether to accept the order and to also check whether payments can be made. All the information is uploaded in a M3 and Dynamics 365 software and an invoice is being created. The invoice is sent to the technical team. When the technical team confirms the order then the information is sent to the design team and the delivery date is finalized. Then the order is confirmed by the inside sales. The production is started after confirmation. There is a separate team for assembly. After confirmation the inside sales proceed with payment methods.

Sovetova, N., A. Sinitsyn, E. Tritenko, O. Derevianko, L. Mukhametova, A. Fedukhin, S. Makoev, and A. Kalyutik. "Regional management of district heating." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 288 (July 25, 2019): 012121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/288/1/012121.

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Van Der Meulen, S. F. "Load management in district heating systems." Energy and Buildings 12, no. 3 (November 1988): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(88)90063-1.

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Naumova, Olga Aleksandrovna, and Lilit Karenovna Kasparova. "MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AUTOMATION OF HEATING COMPANIES." Problemy razvitiya predpriyatii: teoriya i praktika, no. 1-2 (2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/pedtr-20-2021-2-pp.42.

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Li, Hongwei, and Stephen Jia Wang. "Load Management in District Heating Operation." Energy Procedia 75 (August 2015): 1202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.155.

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Watson, Jonathan A., Celina Gómez, D. E. Buffington, Ray A. Bucklin, Richard W. Henley, and Dennis B. McConnell. "Heating Greenhouses." EDIS 2019 (November 25, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ae015-2019.

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A greenhouse has one purpose: to provide and maintain the environment that will result in optimum crop production for maximum profit. This includes an environment for work efficiency as well as for crop growth. This publication is limited to describing equipment and methods used to control or maintain desirable temperature in a greenhouse during those periods when supplemental heat is required. There are many ways this can be accomplished from the standpoint of equipment used, type of fuel and construction used, and management practices followed. Because each operation usually has some unique characteristics, such as types of plants produced, level of desired production quality, type(s) of greenhouse(s) used, and management procedures followed, it is important that all of these factors be considered when selecting and installing a heating system. This 5-page fact sheet is a minor revision written by J. A. Watson, C. Gómez, D. E. Buffington, R. A. Bucklin, R. W. Henley, and D. B. McConnell, and published by the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, November 2019. AE11/AE015: Heating Greenhouses (ufl.edu)

Zhang, Qian. "Analysis and use of building heating and thermal energy management system." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191130120z.

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To explore the role and influence of thermal energy management system on building heating, by building a thermal energy management system based on the Internet of Things, the situation of heating system and building heating is analyzed, the heat utilization rate of building heating, the stability of heating temperature, the change of heating energy consumption are mainly studied, and the energy consumption of building and the comprehensive effect of thermal energy management system and residents? satisfaction are analyzed. The research results show that through the role of the Internet of Things thermal energy management system, the heat utilization rate of heating buildings has increased from about 65% to about 80%, about 15%. The fluctuation of heating water temperature is reduced from 12?C before the system is adopted to 4 ?C, which improves significantly. The coal consumption per hour of heating system is reduced from 63 kg/h to 50 kg/h, and the coal saving is about 15%. This not only saves resources but also reduces environmental pollution. The heat management system based on the Internet of Things has significantly improved the heating system and building heating. Through the application of thermal energy management system, not only the heat utilization rate is increased, but also the consumption of resources is reduced and the environment is protected. Meanwhile, it solves the problem of building heating and the maximization of efficiency in the operation of heating companies. The research on building heating and thermal energy management system has a positive effect on the follow-up research.

Jing, Lu, Liu Lei, Kong Weizheng, and Pan Fangyuan. "The Evaluation of the thermal storage electric heating system Operation Management." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127101026.

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Replacing fossil energy with the high proportion of renewable energy power in the field of enduse energy is the main way to reduce carbon emissions from energy combustion. Building heating is an important component in the field of end-use energy. The thermal storage electric heating system could use wind power during low power load periods at night for building heating. On the one hand, it helps to solve the problem of wind power accommodation, on the other hand it helps to achieve carbon emission reduction in the field of building heating. Based on the background of the thermal storage electric heating system for wind power accommodation, the influencing factors that affect the efficiency and benefits of electric heating system is analysed, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to construct regenerative electric heating system operation management evaluation system.

Rak, Aleksandra. "Management aspects of the heating system work." Production Engineering Archives 11 (June 2016): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2016.11.10.

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Wierzbiński, Marcin. "DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT IN DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0046.

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In the article author tries to scrutinize the problem regarding demand side management in district heating system. The aim of the article is to depict the ICT and IoT tools supporting demand side management in district heating. In the first part of the article the essence of demand side management was presented in particular in energy industry. After that the functionality and architecture of IT system supporting demand side management in district heating system were shown. In the last part of the article there were presented the benefits coming from implementation of such IT system in practice

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Дисертації з теми "Heating management":

Wernstedt, Fredrik. "Multi-Agent Systems for District Heating Management." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00258.

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This thesis investigates the applicability of multi-agent systems as a control approach for district heating systems. The consumers, i.e., the heat exchange systems, in current district heating systems are purely reactive devices and have typically no communication capabilities. They are only able to make local decisions without taking into account the global situation in the system. In this work, the possibilities of a new type of heat exchanger systems that has an open software environment and communication capabilities are explored. Operators of district heating systems have several, often conflicting, goals, e.g., to satisfy the demand of the customers and to minimize production costs. Major concerns are how to cope with the uncertainty caused by discrepancies between the estimated and actual customer demand, and the temporal constraints imposed by the relatively long production and distribution times (up to 24 hours). The approach studied in this thesis is to equip each consumer with an agent that makes predictions of future needs and to form clusters of consumers within which it is possible to redistribute resources fast and at a low cost. The agents have two fundamental goals: the local goal, which is to satisfy the customers’ needs, and the global goal, which is to improve the overall performance of the system by cooperating with the other agents in the cluster. Results from a simulation study indicate that the suggested approach makes it possible to reduce production while maintaining the quality of service. The study also show that it is possible to control the trade-off between quality-of-service and degree of surplus production. In another study, a smallscale experiment in a controlled physical environment, two agent-based approaches are evaluated and compared to existing technologies. The experiment shows that it is possible to automatically load balance a small district heating network using agent technology. Finally, a generalized formal characterization of the problem space under investigation is provided, i.e., production and logistics network management, together with a preliminary evaluation of the applicability of the suggested multi-agent system approach for this general problem area.

Fredriksson, Victor, and Bane Gluhajic. "Heating systems in small houses : A comparison between geothermal heating and district heating." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253799.

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District heating and geothermal heating are in present times two established heating systems that are often compared against each other. The purpose of this work is to describe which factors influence the choice of heating system during the planning stage and what the costs are for each system. In this paper, a typical house model has been developed and used as a basis for the comparison of both systems. The comparison has been made in the form of energy calculations in the energy calculation program BV2, where heat requirements and regulatory requirements for energy performance have been compared in different geographical areas in Sweden. Furthermore, cost calculations have been carried out based on the energy calculations' results, where investment costs and annual costs have been set against each other. The result of the work shows how the measurement of energy performance differs from the actual amount of purchased energy due to geographical conditions. In the southern parts of Sweden, where the geographical correction factor is below 0, consumers are penalized by raising the primary energy number, unlike the northern parts where the primary energy number is instead lowered. Based on the cost calculations, it can be concluded that district heating, when available, is more economically advantageous in the short term. Geothermal heating on the other hand is a more profitable alternative in the long run.
Fjärrvärme och bergvärme är idag två etablerade värmesystem som ofta ställs mot varandra. Syftet med det här arbetet är att redogöra vilka faktorer som påverkar valet av värmesystem under projekteringsstadiet och vilka kostnaderna som finns för respektive system. I arbetet har en typisk husmodel tagits fram och använts som grund för jämförelsen av båda systemen. Jämförelsen har dels gjorts i form av energiberäkningar i energiberäkningsprogrammet BV2 där värmebehov och myndighetskrav på energiprestanda har jämförts i olika geografiska områden i Sverige. Vidare har kostnadsberäkningar genomförts utifrån energiberäkningarnas resultat där investeringskostnader och årliga kostnader har ställts mot varandra. Resultatet av arbetet visar hur måttet på energiprestanda skiljer sig från den faktiska mängden köpt energi på grund ut av geografiska förhållanden. I de södra delarna i Sverige där den geografiska korrigeringsfaktorn understiger 0 straffas konsumenter genom att primärenergitalet höjs, till skillnad mot de norra delarna där primärenergitalet istället sänks. Utifrån kostnadsberäkningarna kan man dra slutsatsen att fjärrvärme, när den finns tillgänglig, är mer ekonomiskt fördelaktigt på kort sikt. Bergvärme å andra sidan är ett mer lönsamt alternativ på lång sikt.

Akinwale, Olawale A. (Olawale Akintunde). "System architecture design of a robust heating system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/110130.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-70).
Power outages are exponentially increasing because extreme weather conditions are occurring more frequently. In addition, the duration of the power outages are increasing. Unfortunately, the will to expand or convert the current electric grid is not there. The objective of this thesis is to design a new system - at a high level - that would protect homeowners from the effects of power outages. To do this, interviews were conducted with people who have actually experienced power outages during winter. Their preference for continued space heating during power outages prompted a design that uses natural gas fuel cell to power a furnace (or boiler) independent of the electric grid. The same system could also provide electricity to the homeowners, if the furnace is turned off. In addition to the system architecture design, surveys were conducted to determine pricing and financial analyses were performed to determine the commercial viability of the design. Consequently, the design proved to be too expensive. What's more, prices would have to drop significantly and / or other stakeholders, such as utility companies, insurance companies and governments, would have to cover most of the cost of the product for there to be a mass adoption.
by Olawale A. Akinwale.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

Jones, Joshua Levi. "Development of an advanced stem heating model /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd231.pdf.

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Leung, C. M. "Modelling and control of a greenhouse energy management system." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378339.

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Furtenback, Örjan. "Fuel substitution in district heating plants : CGE modeling with a forest resource /." Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/11862745.pdf.

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Du, Plessis Gerard. "Evaluation of alternative sanitary water heating configurations for demand side management / G. du Plessis." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/918.

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The largest percentage of sanitary hot water used in South Africa is heated by means of electrical resistance heaters. This is one of the major contributing factors to the undesirable high morning and afternoon peaks imposed on the national electricity supply grid. Water heating therefore continues to be of concern to Eskom, currently South Africa's only electrical utility company. New water heating technologies have been developed for large-scale sanitary water heating in the form of the so-called in-line heater (ILH) and stratified in-tank (SIT) configurations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of these newly developed water heating technologies under load shedding conditions. The performance of the ILH and SIT water heating technologies was evaluated via an existing simulation model under load shedding conditions. Furthermore, an extensive empirical investigation was conducted on a number of real-world water heating plants in order to evaluate the actual performance of the ILH-configuration. The results obtained via the empirical investigation were also employed to further verify the existing simulation model. A new model simulating the standing heat losses suffered by water heating systems was developed. The model can be used to simulate the standing heat losses suffered by a typical centralised water heating facility with good accuracy. It was found that the ILH-technology performs excellent under load shedding conditions. The ILH-plants under investigation were able to shed their entire load during peak demand periods while still supplying the occupants with sufficient hot water throughout the day. The SIT-technology proved to be a good alternative where the ILH-technology is not economically viable, realising the maximum load shedding potential in under-utilised water heating systems. It was also found that the implementation of these water heating systems on a national scale would provide the utility with substantial load shedding potential. The facilities at which the systems are installed would also benefit greatly with annual savings potential on electricity cost ranging from 8.5% to 24%.
Thesis (M. Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Östman, Albin, and Rickard Eriksson. "Optimal uppvärmningsmetod för villor i Stockholmsförort." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215315.

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Vid val utav uppvärmningssystem för ett småhus är det viktigt att väga in för ochnackdelar, eftersom alla system är bra på olika sätt. Vilket system kommer är mestlämpligt utifrån husets egenskaper och behov?I detta exmenserbete jämförs fjärrvärme, bergvärmepump och frånluftsvärmepump påett utvalt nyproducerat småhus. Resultatet ska baseras på systemets kostnad, livslängd,underhåll och miljöpåverkan.Resultatet har visat att för detta specifika småhus, har frånluftsvärmepumpen varitdominerande i de utförda kalkylerna.
When choosing a heating system for a house it is important to weigh in the different prosand cons, because every system is good in its own way. Which heating system may be ofinterest, depending on the conditions of the house and its requirements?This thesis will compare district heating, geothermal heating and exhaust air heating on aspecific brand new house. The result will base on the heating systems costs, lifetime,maintenance and environmental impact.The result has proven that for this particular house, the exhaust air heating pump hasbeen dominant in the calculations performed.

Holmgren, Kristina. "A System Perspective on District Heating and Waste Incineration." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7992.

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Fong, Kwong Fai. "Optimized design and energy management of heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems by evolutionary algorithm." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5216.

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Книги з теми "Heating management":

Lygnerud, Kristina. Risk management in Swedish district heating companies. Göteborg: BAS Publishing, 2010.

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Levermore, G. J. Building energy management systems: An application to heating and control. London: E & FN Spon, 1992.

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Pifer, Glenda. Energy efficiency begins at home: Energy management workbook. Washington, D.C?]: United States Dept. of Agriculture, 1985.

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Plant, Vicki La. Financial management for HVAC dealers. Pottsboro, Tex: VLE Enterprises, 1995.

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Purushothama, B. Humidification and ventilation management in textile industry. New Delhi: Woodhead Pub. India, 2009.

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C, Alkidas Alex, and Society of Automotive Engineers, eds. Vehicle thermal management. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1994.

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Almond, Douglas. Winter heating or clean air?: Unintended impacts of China's Huai River Policy. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2009.

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Purushothama, B., and B. Purushothama. Humidification and ventilation management in textile industry. New Delhi: Woodhead Pub. India, 2009.

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Payne, F. William. Energy management and control systems handbook. 2nd ed. Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press, 1988.

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E, Hirschfeld Herbert, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority., and Applies Energy Group Inc, eds. Multifamily dual system energy management and submetering system: Final report. [Albany, N.Y.]: NYSERDA, 2002.

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Частини книг з теми "Heating management":

Golwalkar, Kiran R. "Methods for Heating." In Production Management of Chemical Industries, 227–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28253-4_12.

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Capehart, Barney L., William J. Kennedy, and Wayne C. Turner. "Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning." In Guide to Energy Management, 299–345. Eighth edition, International version. | Lilburn, GA : The Fairmont Press, Inc., [2016]: River Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003152002-8.

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Cox, Robert. "Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems." In Energy Management Handbook, 261–97. Ninth edition. | Louisville, Kentucky : Fairmont Press, Inc., [2018]: River Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003151364-10.

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Abudawod, Baraa, Rupha Natarajan, Namitha Shetty, and Tugrul U. Daim. "Assessing Alternatives for District Heating." In Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management, 127–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16033-7_7.

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Li, Xiaoxia, Zhifeng Wang, Jinping Li, Ming Yang, Yakai Bai, and Longfei Chen. "Space Heating Management for Solar Heating System with Underground Pit Storage." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 1553–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9528-4_157.

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Friedman, Avi. "Alternative Energy, District Heating and Waste Management." In Designing Innovative Sustainable Neighborhoods, 151–70. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003203025-9.

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Morya, Sonia, Chinaza Godswill Awuchi, Pankaj Chowdhary, Suneel Kumar Goyal, and Farid Menaa. "Ohmic Heating as an Advantageous Technology for the Food Industry." In Environmental Management Technologies, 307–27. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003239956-19.

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Shah, Yatish T. "Modular Systems for Energy Usage in District Heating." In Modular Systems for Energy Usage Management, 259–323. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020] | Series: Sustainable energy: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367822392-6.

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Kaya, Durmuş, Fatma Çanka Kılıç, and Hasan Hüseyin Öztürk. "Energy Efficiency in Water Heating-Distribution-Pressurizing Systems." In Energy Management and Energy Efficiency in Industry, 479–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25995-2_18.

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Gökgedik, Harun, Veysel İncili, Halit Arat, and Ali Keçebaş. "Assessment of Total Operating Costs for a Geothermal District Heating System." In Energy Systems and Management, 293–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16024-5_28.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Heating management":

Imai, Shigeru, and Shoichi Kojima. "COMPARISON OF THERMAL COMFORT BETWEEN RADIANT HEATING AND CONVECTIVE HEATING IN HEATING ROOM." In International Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management. Association of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32738/ceppm.201310.0017.

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Pallotta, Vincenzo, Pascal Bruegger, and Beat Hirsbrunner. "Smart heating systems: Optimizing heating systems by kinetic-awareness." In 2008 Third International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdim.2008.4746833.

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Kersten, Anton, Andreas Andersson, Branko Ban, Yu Xu, Marcus Roden, Alireza Norouzzadeh, and Stefan Ryden. "Electric Vehicle Heating Management Techniques utilizing Drivetrain-Loss-Heating of Refrigerant." In IECON 2022 – 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon49645.2022.9968738.

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Fox, B. "Scheduling of heating load." In IEE Colloquium on The New NIE Energy Management System. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980476.

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Wernstedt, Fredrik, Paul Davidsson, and Christian Johansson. "Demand side management in district heating systems." In the 6th international joint conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1329125.1329454.

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Carbone, Francesco, Angelo Cenedese, and Cinzia Pizzi. "Consensus-based anomaly detection for efficient heating management." In 2017 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computed, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uic-atc.2017.8397585.

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Si-yuan, Wang, Wang Dong, Shao Cheng, and Zhang Runtong. "On Control Decision Management System for Heating Boilers." In 2007 Chinese Control Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2006.4347555.

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Tao, David D. J., Ronald C. Malec, and Tim G. Adams. "Waste Heat Management For Improved Passenger Compartment Heating." In 22nd FISITA Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/885029.

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Shevade, Shantanu, and Muhammad Rahman. "Microchannel Thermal Management During Volumetric Heating or Cooling." In 1st International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5959.

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Basalaev, Aleksandr A., Lev S. Kazarinov, and Dmitry A. Shnayder. "Heating Management System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2018 Global Smart Industry Conference (GloSIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glosic.2018.8570163.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Heating management":

Dev, H. Management Plan: Demonstration testing and evaluation of in situ soil heating. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107232.

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Dev, H. Demonstration testing and evaluation of in situ soil heating: Management Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10125951.

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Block, Jason, Eric Skiba, Wayne Swenson, Robin Neri, and Barnett Cleary. A System Approach to Deep Heating Savings Through Measurement, Management, and Motivation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1817213.

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Dev, H. Demonstration testing and evaluation of in situ soil heating. Management Plan, Revision 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/69429.

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Hanson, D. J., D. W. Golden, R. Chambers, J. D. Miller, B. P. Hallbert, and C. A. Dobbe. Depressurization as an accident management strategy to minimize the consequences of direct containment heating. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6387470.

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Sridhar, Song, and Nored. L52227 Guidelines-Quality Standards for Transportation of Gas Containing Mixed Corrosive Constituents. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010901.

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Gas quality specifications are set for commercial considerations and are influenced by several engineering factors including preventing corrosion, preventing blockages from freezing and hydrates, and the heating value of the gas. The Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) Enforcement Manual for internal corrosion control states that the operator should have a procedure to determine if the gas is corrosive. Violation exists if (1) the corrosive potential of the gas is not determined by appropriate tests, and (2) suitable monitoring methods are not used to determine the effectiveness of steps taken to minimize internal corrosion. The enforcement manual specifically calls for testing of the gas stream for oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and water content. Gas quality requirements differ between companies and sometimes business units, and no industry standard exists to address the issue. The results of this project were the development and approval of a guideline document, including a decision flow diagram, for accepting/rejecting gas for use by company materials/corrosion personnel. The gas quality acceptance guidance is a component of the overall approach to internal corrosion management. The three major components of internal corrosion management are gas quality data and acceptance that sets the basic parameters for internal corrosion, corrosion mitigation and monitoring that alleviates problems engendered by accepting gas of less than ideal quality, and risk assessment (including ICDA) that identifies and prioritizes monitoring and inspection of internal corrosion.

VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton, and Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.

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In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.

Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Noam Meiri. Development of Strategic Pre-Natal Cycling Thermal Treatments to Improve Livability and Productivity of Heavy Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593395.bard.

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The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and live performance led to the following hypothesis: Appropriate comprehensive incubation treatments that include significant temperature management changes will promote angiogenesis and will improve acquisition of thermotolerance and carcass quality of heavy broilers through epigenetic adaptation. It was based on the following questions: 1. Can TM during embryogenesis of broilers induce a longer-lasting thermoregulatory memory (up to marketing age of 10 wk) that will improve acquisition of thermotolerance as well as increased breast meat yield in heavy broilers? 2. The improved sensible heat loss (SHL) suggests an improved peripheral vasodilation process. Does elevated temperature during incubation affect vasculogenesis and angiogenesis processes in the chick embryo? Will such create subsequent advantages for heavy broilers coping with adverse hot conditions? 3. What are the changes that occur in the PO/AH that induce the changes in the threshold response for heat production/heat loss based on the concept of epigenetic temperature adaptation? The original objectives of this study were as follow: a. to assess the improvement of thermotolerance efficiency and carcass quality of heavy broilers (~4 kg); b. toimproveperipheral vascularization and angiogenesis that improve sensible heat loss (SHL); c. to study the changes in the PO/AH thermoregulatory response for heat production/losscaused by modulating incubation temperature. To reach the goals: a. the effect of TM on performance and thermotolerance of broilers reared to 10 wk of age was studied. b. the effect of preincubation heating with an elevated temperature during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation in the presence of modified fresh air flow coupled with changes in turning frequency was elucidated; c.the effect of elevated temperature on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis was determined using in ovo and whole embryo chick culture as well as HIF-1α VEGF-α2 VEGF-R, FGF-2, and Gelatinase A (MMP2) gene expression. The effects on peripheral blood system of post-hatch chicks was determined with an infrared thermal imaging technique; c. the expression of BDNF was determined during the development of the thermal control set-point in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” Recently, Piestunet al. (2008) demonstrated for the first time that TM (an elevated incubation temperature of 39.5°C for 12 h/d from E7 to E16) during the development/maturation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis (thermoregulation) and the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis (stress) significantly improved the thermotolerance and performance of broilers at 35 d of age. These phenomena raised two questions that were addressed in this project: 1. was it possible to detect changes leading to the determination of the “set point”; 2. Did TM have a similar long lasting effect (up to 70 d of age)? 3. Did other TM combinations (pre-heating and heating during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation) coupled with changes in turning frequency have any performance effect? The improved thermotolerance resulted mainly from an efficient capacity to reduce heat production and the level of stress that coincided with an increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2008; 2009). The increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2009) suggested an additional positive effect of TM on vasculogenesis and angiogensis. 4. In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of the chorioallantoic membrane development was thought to increase vasculogenesis and angiogenesis providing better vasodilatation and by that SHL post-hatch.

Katan, Jaacov, and Michael E. Stanghellini. Clinical (Major) and Subclinical (Minor) Root-Infecting Pathogens in Plant Growth Substrates, and Integrated Strategies for their Control. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568089.bard.

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In intensive agriculture, harmful soilborne biotic agents, cause severe damage. These include both typical soilborne (clinical) major pathogens which destroy plants (e.g. Fusarium and Phytophthora pathogens), and subclinical ("minor") pathogens (e.g. Olpidium and Pythium). The latter cause growth retardation and yield decline. The objectives of this study were: (1) To study the behavior of clinical (major) and subclinical (minor) pathogens in plant growth substrate, with emphasis on zoosporic fungi, such as Pythium, Olipidium and Polymyxa. (2) To study the interaction between subclinical pathogens and plants, and those aspects of Pythium biology which are relevant to these systems. (3) To adopt a holistic-integrated approach for control that includes both eradicative and protective measures, based on a knowledge of the pathogens' biology. Zoospores were demonstrated as the primary, if not the sole propagule, responsible for pathogen spread in a recirculating hydroponic cultural system, as verified with P. aphanidermatum and Phytophthora capsici. P. aphanidermatum, in contrast to Phytophthora capsici, can also spread by hyphae from plant-to-plant. Synthetic surfactants, when added to the recirculating nutrient solutions provided 100% control of root rot of peppers by these fungi without any detrimental effects on plant growth or yield. A bacterium which produced a biosurfactant was proved as efficacious as synthetic surfactants in the control of zoosporic plant pathogens in the recirculating hydroponic cultural system. The biosurfactant was identified as a rhamnolipid. Olpidium and Polymyxa are widespread and were determined as subclinical pathogens since they cause growth retardation but no plant mortality. Pythium can induce both phenomena and is an occasional subclinical pathogen. Physiological and ultrastructural studies of the interaction between Olpidium and melon plants showed that this pathogen is not destructive but affects root hairs, respiration and plant nutrition. The infected roots constitute an amplified sink competing with the shoots and eventually leading to growth retardation. Space solarization, by solar heating of the greenhouse, is effective in the sanitation of the greenhouse from residual inoculum and should be used as a component in disease management, along with other strategies.