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Статті в журналах з теми "Health facilities Australia Waste disposal"
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Andeobu, Lynda, Santoso Wibowo, and Srimannarayana Grandhi. "Medical Waste from COVID-19 Pandemic—A Systematic Review of Management and Environmental Impacts in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created a global medical emergency. The unforeseen occurrence of a pandemic of this magnitude has resulted in overwhelming levels of medical waste and raises questions about management and disposal practices, and environmental impacts. The amount of medical waste generated from COVID-19 since the outbreak is estimated to be 2.6 million tons/day worldwide. In Australia, heaps of single-use gowns, facemasks/face shields, aprons, gloves, goggles, sanitizers, sharps, and syringes are disposed everyday as a result of the pandemic. Moreover, the establishment of new home/hotel quarantine facilities and isolation/quarantine centres in various Australian states and territories have increased the risks of transmission among people in these facilities and the likelihoods of general waste becoming contaminated with medical waste. This warrants the need to examine management and disposal practices implemented to reduce the transmission and spread of the virus. This study reviews the various management and disposal practices adopted in Australia for dealing with medical waste from the COVID-19 pandemic and their impacts on public health and the environment. To achieve the aims of this study, prior studies from 2019–2021 from various databases are collected and analysed. The study focuses on generation of medical waste from COVID-19, management and disposal methods, current problems/challenges and environmental and public health impacts. Considering the enormous risks involved and the significance of appropriate handling and disposal of medical waste from COVID-19, this study provides insights on short and long term responses towards managing COVID-19 waste in Australia. The study contributes to Australia’s efforts against the transmission and spread of COVID-19 and provides recommendations for the development of workable and sustainable strategies for mitigating similar pandemics in the future.
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Ghafoor, Soheila, Salman Shooshtarian, Tayyab Maqsood, and Peter SP Wong. "Assessment of Public Opposition to Construction and Demolition Waste Facilities: A Case Study in Australia." Recycling 7, no. 5 (August 26, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling7050062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of public opposition (PO) to the siting of construction and demolition (C&D) waste management facilities in Australia. A qualitative case study of PO to the development proposal for the Gunnedah waste facility, in the state of New South Wales (NSW), was conducted. The waste facility is promised to process up to 250 kilotons of waste materials, much of which is C&D waste intended for use in road constructions after processing. Using a content analysis approach, the study analysed 86 public submissions that were lodged within the allocated development application exhibition period to systematically analyse the arguments used by the submitters about the establishment of the facility. The case study revealed five broad perceived risk classes to the siting of the Gunnedah waste facility, namely location, environmental, human health, financial and process risks. It was also shown that while not-in-my-back-yard (NIMBY) attitudes may have played a part in the PO to the sitting at the facility, the PO was heavily affected by the poor public participation process. The study outlines key strategies for an effective public participation process that may assist with the management of PO to the siting of C&D waste management facilities in Australia. The study contributes to the theory and practice of effective C&D waste management, enhancing the social acceptance of such facilities toward a more circular economy in the built environment.
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Renkas, Artur, Vasyl Popovych, and Dmytro Rudenko. "Optimization of Fire Station Locations to Increase the Efficiency of Firefighting in Natural Ecosystems." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 78, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.1.25581.
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Wild fires have a catastrophic impact on the environment and lead to people’s deaths. Such fires are relevant in the global context. Many countries declare some of their territories an ecological disaster zone during fires in natural ecosystems (USA, Portugal, Greece, Spain, Italy, Australia). Fires in ecosystems occurred in southern Ukraine in 2007 and in the eastern part of Ukraine in 2021, which destroyed large tracts of pine, as well as homes, buildings and caused human casualties. In the given research, much attention is paid to fire-prevention measures in natural ecosystems. It is proposed to optimize fire stations in the territory of Male Polissya (Ukraine), where frequent grass fires and grassland forest fires occur, since existing fire stations are not able to respond to all fires in the region in a timely manner due to the lack of forces and resources. Optimization of fire station locations was carried out using Voronoi diagrams. This research has a practical aspect, ensuring the protection of human health and life by preventing destructive fires in natural ecosystems through the creation of local safety facilities. On the example of 3 administrative districts of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine, it was established that in order to respond quickly to fires in ecosystems, it is necessary to create 20 additional fire stations, which has been determined by the 20-minute drive method approved by the state authorities. The algorithm proposed in this work can be applied to rural areas in other administrative units, both in Ukraine and other countries. The next step in the development of this technique is to determine the required amount of equipment and human resources for firefighting in ecosystems taking into account the projected dynamics of fires and the time required for the delivery of fire extinguishers to epicenters of these events.
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Derso, Sisay, Girum Taye, Theodros Getachew, Atkure Defar, Habtamu Teklie, Kassahun Amenu, Terefe Gelibo, and Abebe Bekele. "Biomedical waste disposal systems of health facilities in Ethiopia." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2018): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ehem.2018.05.
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Fleming, G. "Clayey barrier systems for waste disposal facilities." Environmental Pollution 91, no. 1 (1996): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(96)90012-3.
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Li, Haolin, Yi Hu, Junyan Lyu, Hao Quan, Xiang Xu, and Chenxi Li. "Transportation Risk Control of Waste Disposal in the Healthcare System with Two-Echelon Waste Collection Network." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5580083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates a vehicle routing problem arising in the waste collection of the healthcare system with the concern of transportation risk. Three types of facilities abstracted from the health system are investigated in this paper, namely, facilities with collection points, facilities without collection points, and small facilities. Two-echelon collection mode is applied in which the waste generated by small facilities is first collected by collection points, and then transferred to the recycling centre. To solve this problem, we propose a mixed-integer linear programming model considering time windows and vehicle capacity, and we use particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm for solving large-scale problems. Numerical experiments show the capability of the proposed algorithm. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of facilities with collection points and the collection routes. This research can provide a decision support tool for the routing of waste collection in the healthcare system.
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Silalahi, Novrika. "ANALISIS CHI-SQUARE HUBUNGAN SARANA SANITASI DASAR DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI PERUMAHAN PTPN V SEI SIASAM." Jurnal Penelitian Kesmasy 5, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpksy.v5i1.1087.
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Research background basic sanitation facilities are directly related to health problems, especially environmental health problems. Basic sanitation facilities which includes healthy latrine facilities, clean water facilities, waste management facilities and waste water disposal facilities. The purpose of the research is to find out relationship between healthy latrine facilities and the incidence of diarrhea, to determine the relationship between clean water facilities with the incidence of diarrhea, to determine the relationship between facilities waste management with the incidence of diarrhea, to determine the relationship between waste water disposal. The research method in this study uses quantitative descriptive with cross sectional research design. population in This study is a housing PTPN V as many as 1880 families. sample taken using a systematic sampling technique, namely the sampling technique sample based on the order of toddlers who become the population that has been given the serial number of the sample is 45 families. statistical test using chi square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between healthy latrine facilities and incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.181), there is a relationship between clean water facilities and the incidence of diarrhea (p=0.510), there is a relationship between waste processing facilities and the incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.039), there is a relationship between sewage drainage facilities and the incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.746) is recommended to parents or mothers to increase its role in the provision of basic sanitation facilities, which include: healthy latrine facilities, clean water facilities, waste management facilities and waste water disposal (SPAL), to avoid disease.
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Amfo-Otu, Richard, Enoch Akyeampong, Michael Affordofe, Philip A. Bannor, Yakubu Alhassan, Doreen Danso, Senam Tengey, et al. "Health care waste management in health facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 2355. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221506.
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Background: Healthcare waste management (HCWM) system in healthcare facilities is essential in dealing with the spread of infectious diseases, especially during an outbreak period such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The study assessed health care waste management situation in selected healthcare facilities in the greater Accra and Ashanti regions of Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This was a multi-facility-based cross-sectional study that used a monitoring tool of the health facilities regulatory agency of Ghana to collect information on health care waste management practices at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was gathered from 501 healthcare facilities in the greater Accra (335) and Ashanti (151) regions. Descriptive, Chi-square and multiple logistic regression were performed. All statistical analyses were considered significant at an alpha level of 0.05.Results: Less than half (45.7%) of the health facilities were assessed as having HCWM systems with majority (54.3%) having effective infectious waste management system. The health facilities in the greater Accra region (38.8%) and Ashanti region (60.9%) were categorized as poor on healthcare waste management system. The assessment levels of governance/leadership, management, quality assurance system, human resource, infection prevention and control equipment and water management were all significantly associated with the adherence to good HCWM systems.Conclusions: Health facilities were assessed as having good healthcare waste management systems, especially in the greater Accra region compared to the Ashanti, however treatment and safe disposal should be improved.
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Mbuvi, Caxton, Teresia Kyulu, and Kimani Makobu. "Proposed Solutions to Address the Challenges of Medical Waste Management in Health Facilities in Kamukunji Sub-County, Nairobi City County, Kenya." Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t6006.
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Medical waste management in Kenya has been greatly affected by the country's elevated production levels. The majority of medical facilities do not have an extensive medical waste management system, or if they do, they do not handle waste thoroughly, and therefore is detrimental to humans and the environment. This research focuses on health facilities’ management of medical waste in Kamukunji sub-county, assessing the specific problems of medical waste management in that area. This was a study focusing on healthcare workers, their working conditions and habits. This study was an analytical cross-sectional study design. Multistage sampling methods for the selection of 10 health facilities and 141 study participants. The R square was 0.746, indicating that medical waste management was harmed by a lack of funding, insufficient logistics, a lack of disposal sites, and a lack of understanding. This demonstrated a 74.6 percent variance in healthcare waste management due to a lack of funding, insufficient logistical supply, a lack of disposal site, and a lack of awareness. The remaining 25.4% implies that there were additional issues affecting the healthcare waste management systems of the ten health facilities evaluated. By explicitly identifying a given color with a certain category and its accompanying hazard, segregation aids to make waste processing safer. During the research period, Pumwani Maternity Hospital generated the most medical waste (80Kg) and Bahati Health Center generated the least (15Kg). The study concludes that periodic updates in medical waste management are necessary, as is refresher training for healthcare professionals and waste handlers. Additionally, it is advised that each health care facility have a safe and hygienic system in place for the handling, segregation, c collection, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of medical waste. All health facilities in Kenya, the study states, should adhere to the National Policy on Injection Safety and Medical Waste Management (2007). The 2007 strategy aims to emphasize the need of advocating for both the support and execution necessary to adequately manage healthcare waste. Keywords: Medical waste generation, health risks, medical waste management solutions, challenges of medical waste management, health facilities
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Oteng, Daniel, Jian Zuo, and Ehsan Sharifi. "Environmental emissions influencing solar photovoltaic waste management in Australia: An optimised system network of waste collection facilities." Journal of Environmental Management 314 (July 2022): 115007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115007.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Health facilities Australia Waste disposal"
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Cusack, Vincent. "The search for an effective international regime for the long-term safety and security of high level radioactive waste: Pangea and beyond." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/632.
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This thesis is a study of public policy issues relating to multinational geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste disposal (HLW). Nuclear states have attempted for decades to implement effective radioactive waste policies, though with limited success. The safe disposal of HLW has proven particularly troublesome and, thus far, a solution has eluded all states. A review of radioactive waste policy in the UK, the US and Switzerland reveals some of the underlying themes behind community opposition to repository siting and the reasons for a broader global search. The failure to achieve HLW repositories at a national level has led to much research into the technical, social and political obstacles to site selection, and into international collaboration. In 1999 Pangea Resources International (PRI) concentrated its efforts in securing a multinational HLW repository in the Australian outback, with its two main arguments being economic incentives for Australia and safety and security benefits for a broader range of nation states. The 'proposal' failed to gain public or political acceptance. An examination of the Pangea multinational project is undertaken to determine why the proponents were unable to adequately make their case for the shared repository's benefits. The study finds that the arguments presented to Australia were rejected because the public perceived the risks from hosting the repository to be much greater than the associated benefits.
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Sattar, Shaheen. "An environmental impact perspective of the management, treatment, and disposal of hazardous compounds generated as medical waste at selected hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/802.
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Thesis (MTech(Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.Pharmaceuticals have been formulated to influence physiological systems in humans, animals, and microbes but have never been considered as potential environmental pollutants by healthcare professionals. The human body is not a barrier to chemicals, but is permeable to it. Thus after performing their in-vivo functions, pharmaceutical compound introduced into the body, exit mainly via urine and faeces. Sewage therefore contains highly complex mixtures of chemicals in various degrees of biological potency. Sewage treatment works including those in South Africa, on the other hand, are known to be inefficient in removing drugs from sewage and consequently either the unmetabolised pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites emerge in the environment as pollutants via several trajectories. In the environment, the excreted metabolites may even undergo regeneration to the original parent molecule under bacterial influence, resulting in “trans-vivo-pharmaceutical-pol ution-cycles”. Although all incinerators are known to generate toxins such dioxins and furans from the drugs they incinerate, all the medicines disposed by the hospitals under research, were incinerated, as the preferred option of disposal. The incineration process employed was found to be environmentally unsafe. Expired and unused medicines which the general public discard as municipal solid waste become landfilled. Because many landfill sites are not appropriately engineered, the unwanted drugs landfilled therein, leach into the surrounding ground water, which is the influent source of water treatment plants. Water treatment plants, including those in South Africa, are also inefficient in eliminating pharmaceutical compounds, releasing them in sub-therapeutic concentrations into potable tap water as pollutants, the full effects of which are yet to be determined.
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Sattar, Mohamed Shaheen. "An environmental impact perspective of the management, treatment, and disposal of hazardous pharmaceutical compounds generated as medical waste at selected hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.Pharmaceuticals have been formulated to influence physiological systems in humans, animals, and microbes but have never been considered as potential environmental pollutants by healthcare professionals. The human body is not a barrier to chemicals, but is permeable to it. Thus after performing their in-vivo functions, pharmaceutical compound introduced into the body, exit mainly via urine and faeces. Sewage therefore contains highly complex mixtures of chemicals in various degrees of biological potency. Sewage treatment works including those in South Africa, on the other hand, are known to be inefficient in removing drugs from sewage and consequently either the unmetabolised pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites emerge in the environment as pollutants via several trajectories. In the environment, the excreted metabolites may even undergo regeneration to the original parent molecule under bacterial influence, resulting in "trans-vivo-pharmaceutical-pollution-cycles". Although all incinerators are known to generate toxins such dioxins and furans from the drugs they incinerate, all the medicines disposed by the hospitals under research, were incinerated, as the preferred option of disposal. The incineration process employed was found to be environmentally unsafe. Expired and unused medicines which the general public discard as municipal solid waste become landfilled. Because many landfill sites are not appropriately engineered, the unwanted drugs landfilled therein, leach into the surrounding ground water, which is the influent source of water treatment plants. Water treatment plants, including those in South Africa, are also inefficient in eliminating pharmaceutical compounds, releasing them in sub-therapeutic concentrations into potable tap water as pollutants, the full effects of which are yet to be determined.
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Makhura, Ramadimetja Rosina. "Knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal in Mapulaneng Hospital in the Ehlanzeni District of South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1639.
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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016.Background: Health care workers produce various types of waste in the course of rendering health care services. Each classification of waste must be disposed according to the prescribed guidelines. Improper disposal of waste may pose a danger to employees, patients and the environment. Health care workers must have adequate knowledge on disposal of medical waste. This study was therefore done to determine the knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal. Objectives: This study aims to determine the knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal at a hospital in the Mpumalanga Province in South Africa. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional research approach was used at a regional hospital for the Mpumalanga Province in the Bushbuckridge Municipality under the Ehlanzeni District. The study respondents included professional nurses, enrolled nurses, enrolled nursing assistants, medical doctors, dental health and allied health staff. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires analysed using International Business Management Statistical Package for Social Sciences 22 (IBM SPSS 22). Results: The results show that a high percentage of health care workers did not have adequate knowledge regarding disposal of medical waste but disposed medical waste appropriately. The results further show that knowledge and practice of health care workers had no association with age, gender and years of experience. There is an association between professional category and knowledge and practice of healthcare workers. Conclusion: Disposal of medical waste is the responsibility of all health care workers. There should be regular training of all categories of health care workers to improve their knowledge on disposal of medical waste and minimise the risks associated with improper waste management. This will further increase compliance with the guidelines of disposal of medical waste. Key words: Health care workers, medical waste, knowledge, practice, disposal
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Kudoma, Bongayi. "An evaluation of clinical waste management in Gaborone city council healthcare facilities." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14193.
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The management of clinical waste is of great importance due to its infectious and hazardous nature that can cause risks on environment and public health. The study was conducted to evaluate clinical waste management practices and to determine the amount of waste generated in five purposively selected healthcare facilities in Gaborone City Council. The surveyed healthcare facilities were of different size, specialization and category and included a referral hospital, two clinics and two health posts. To examine clinical waste management practices the study employed a range of methods including questionnaire survey which targeted 105 stratified randomly selected healthcare workers and ancillary staff, formal interviews with facility managers, field observations and literature reviews. Compliance with the Botswana Clinical Waste Management Code of Practice, 1996 and Waste Management Act, 1998 and other related documents were used as standards to assess clinical waste management practices. The waste management practices were analysed for a week in each healthcare facility to capture the daily management practices.
The generated clinical waste was weighed to compute the generation rates and was followed through the various management practices to the final disposal. Findings of the study revealed that clinical waste generation rates were: 0.75kg/patient/day for Princess Marina Hospital and 0.1 - 0.3kg/patient/day for clinics and health posts. Numerous aspects of clinical waste management were found to comply with the expected rules and standards at Princess Marina Hospital, but the clinics and health posts had less appropriate practices. Clinical waste generated at Princess Marina Hospital is quantified in reliable records and dedicated Infectious Control Officers are responsible for monitoring the management of clinical waste. The study revealed that clinics and health posts do not quantify clinical waste and there are no officers responsible for monitoring clinical waste and there are no documents for monitoring the management of clinical waste. The main treatment method of clinical waste for the surveyed healthcare facilities is incineration and it is being done properly. The study established that at least 80% of healthcare workers and ancillary staff have been vaccinated against hepatitis B and have received training in clinical waste management. Recommendations are given with the aim of improving clinical waste management practices in Gaborone City Council healthcare facilities.Environmental Management
M. Sc. (Environmental Management)
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Gabela, Sibusiso Derrick. "Health care waste management in public clinics in the iLembe District : situational analysis and intervention strategy." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1470.
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INTRODUCTION All waste generated at health care facilities in the past was regarded as hazardous and needed to be incinerated first before it was disposed. The purpose of this study was to investigate health care waste (HCW) management practices employed in public health clinics in the iLembe District, with a view of developing a HCW management intervention strategy. METHODOLOGY The study design was observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. Data was collected using a structured individual questionnaire, which was administered to key informants from 31 rural and urban government fixed public clinics in the iLembe District Municipality. RESULT Thirty public clinics in iLembe district participated in the study. A total of 210 kg/day (0.06 kg/patient/day) of HCW was estimated to be generated in public clinics, 69% was health care general waste (HCGW) and 31 % was health care risk waste (HCRW). The district's generation rate was 0.04 kg/patient/day and 0.018 kg/patient/day, for HCGW and HCRW, respectively. The study found that HCW was improperly managed in the district. DISCUSSION The findings are different when compared to World Health Organisation norms and this was attributed to improper segregation of waste categories other than sharp waste, which was given special treatment. Factors such as the number of patients, size of the clinic, types of health care services rendered, and socio-economics status of the patient played a pivotal role in the waste volume generated. It is evident that no proper HCW management plan was being implemented in the district public clinics. CONCLUSION The management of health care risk waste is of great concern. There is a need for development of a health care waste management intervention strategy that must be implemented consistently and universally in the district. RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended that a proper health care waste management intervention strategy be developed and implemented in the whole district. This strategy must incorporate training programmes and a waste management plan.Thesis (MPH)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.
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Netshifhefhe, Nditsheni Mavis. "Management of medical waste by professional nurses at three selected hospitals in Thulamela Municipality, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/980.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Health facilities Australia Waste disposal"
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Nessa, Khairun. Waste management in healthcare facilities: A review. Dhaka: ICDDR,B Centre for Health and Population Research, 2001.
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Health, Samoa Ministry of. National health care waste management plan. [Apia], Samoa: Ministry of Health, Health Promotion and Preventative Services Division, 2011.
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TEBODIN Raadgevende Ingenieurs (Hague, Netherlands). Verwerking ziekenhuisafval: Onderzoek naar de kostenaspecten van centrale of decentrale verwerking van speciale behandeling vereisende afvalstoffen afkomstig uit intramurale instellingen voor de gezondheidszorg TEBODIN Raadgevende Ingenieurs. 's-Gravenhage: Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer, 1985.
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E, Hester R., Harrison Roy M. 1948-, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), eds. Environmental and health impact of solid waste management activities. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.
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Tanzania. Wizara ya Afya na Ustawi wa Jamii. Healthcare waste management national policy guidelines. [Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, 2006.
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Zambia. Office of the Auditor General. Report of the Auditor General on medical waste management in Zambia. Lusaka]: Republic of Zambia, 2008.
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Guinea, Papua New. Guidelines for health-care waste management in Papua New Guinea. S.l: s.n., 2010.
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Ashok, Sahni. Hospital clinical waste, hazards management, and infection control: A resource for hospital administrators, health care professionals, and environmental advocates. Bangalore: Indian Society of Health Administrators, 2004.
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Tanzania. Wizara ya Afya na Ustawi wa Jamii. National standards and procedures for healthcare waste management in Tanzania. [Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, 2006.
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Turnberg, Wayne L. Survey of infectious waste management practices conducted by medical facilities in Washington State. [Olympia, Wash: The Dept., 1989.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Health facilities Australia Waste disposal"
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Tammemagi, Hans. "A New Approach." In The Waste Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128987.003.0016.
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We need waste disposal methods that allow the human race to live on this planet in harmony with nature, preserving our resources and habitat and leaving a legacy for our children and grandchildren that does not deprive them of opportunities. These changes will not come easily; they will require resolve and foresight. Just as a mathematician develops the proof to a mathematical theorem, we must start from a basic axiom, and step by step, following a logical progression, we must build a practical framework for waste management. We started this task in chapter 2, where we derived three general principles from the axiom of sustainable development. Can we apply these general principles to develop practical guidelines—first, to overcome the shortcomings of existing landfills, and second, to find other, innovative disposal methods that will conform with sustainable development? Let us look at each of the three principles in turn. Human health and the environment must be protected, both now and in the future. This principle is fundamental and places important constraints on the siting and design of disposal facilities, and also on the form of the waste. In particular, the final four words, “and in the future,” are very important. This principle can be satisfied in two ways: by reducing the toxicity of the wastes so they pose minimal risk, or by containing wastes so that they cannot escape and cause harm. In some cases, the latter method includes controlled leakage at a rate that the environment can assimilate without long-term degradation. Wastes must be managed so that no burden is placed on future generations and they are not deprived of the opportunities we have had. In other words, our grandchildren should not have to spend their valuable resources to solve our waste problems, nor should they be denied resources because our generation has depleted them. Neither should their health and environment be placed at risk because of our actions. The main impacts of landfills on future generations are the requirement to provide ongoing guardianship and maintenance; the loss of valuable land; and impairment of groundwater, surface water, and the atmosphere.
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Kayyal, Mohamad K. "Estimation of Amounts of Waste Generated from Healthcare Facilities." In Environmental Information Systems in Industry and Public Administration, 215–26. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-02-0.ch014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In response to government and public pressures, the healthcare industry has in the past few years directed a significant effort toward the proper and safe management of its medical waste streams. Medical waste is classified as a biohazardous waste, which according to a study published by the United States Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1990), may result in human infection and transfer of disease. This includes injury and infection with the Hepatitis B Virus (HVB) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), by janitorial and laundry workers, nurses, emergency medical personnel, and refuse workers who may come into contact with medical waste. In a recent survey conducted in the United States and Japan, and reported by the World Heath Organization (WHO) (1994), it was found that injuries by sharps constitute about 1% to 2% per annum for nurses and maintenance workers and 18% per annum for outside waste management workers. In Japan, the survey indicated that injuries by sharps constitute about 67% for in-hospital waste handlers and 44% for outside waste management workers. In order to reduce the risks associated with medical waste, proper management mechanisms should be adopted by healthcare facilities to protect the health of the staff within the medical facility, waste collectors/workers, and the public once the waste has left the facility for final disposal. These mechanisms include waste identification, segregation, storage, and treatment. However, and as a first step in the implementation of a waste management system, the management of a medical facility should conduct an audit of the generated waste streams.
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Ashipala, Daniel Opotamutale, Nestor Tomas, and Medusalem Hangula Joel. "Hepatitis E." In Epidemiological Research Applications for Public Health Measurement and Intervention, 144–56. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4414-3.ch009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hepatitis E (HEV) remains one of the foremost public health problems globally and it is estimated to have affected one-third of the human population. Usually, symptoms appear 2 to 9 weeks after exposure to the virus and include fever, fatigue, lack of appetite, abdominal pain, and jaundice. While the government has a duty to provide access to clean water, communities, and individuals can equally play an important role in practicing and maintaining good physical and environmental hygiene. In Namibia, the spread of HEV has been a public health concern since it's outbreak in 2017. Before then, the country had two outbreaks in 1983 and 1995-1996 which affected mainly areas lacking potable water and waste disposal facilities in Kavango region. This chapter ought to provide an overview and different prevention measures and supportive management approaches used to contain and prevent the spread of HEV. The above statistic calls for plans and actions from national, regional, district management teams to implement effective active surveillance interventions in place that are geared towards curbing the spread of HEV.
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Vladimirova, Romiana, and Pengfei Zhang. "A Critical Analysis of the Shipbreaking Industry in Bangladesh and Potential Practices for Environmental Sustainability and Worker Health and Safety." In Handbook of Research on the Future of the Maritime Industry, 1–33. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9039-3.ch001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has been made evident that in order to improve environmental protection and occupational safety in Bangladesh, it is critical for the country to develop multi-sectoral policy and strategy to promote sustainable shipbreaking practices. It emerges that infrastructures such as hazardous waste treatment, storage, disposal facilities (TSDF) are a critical issue that could determine whether or not Bangladesh could continue to operate in the ship breaking and recycling industry (SBRI), even though it does not seem like a current priority for the poverty-stricken country. This chapter aims to examine the current shipbreaking practices in South Asian countries by focusing particularly on Bangladesh and to what extent current practices have impacted the environment and worker health and safety. Primary research was sourced by questionnaires and interviews directed at industry professionals to evaluate whether sustainable shipbreaking practices from “green” yards such as Aliaga, Turkey or Alang, India can be applied in Bangladesh.
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Waqar-Un, Nisa, Luqman Riaz, Aansa Rukya Saleem, Rukya Saleem, Samia Qadeer, Tahir Hayat Malik, Nazneen Bangash, Talat Ara, and Audil Rashid. "Lifecycle Assessment of Emerging Water Pollutants." In Emerging Water Pollutants: Concerns and Remediation Technologies, 178–203. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97897815040739122010010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Emerging pollutants (EPs), also known as contaminants of emerging concern, include pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), surfactants, plasticizers, pesticides, etc., and the pharmaceuticals and personal care products are extensively used for therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes in health care settings, livestock industry, and agriculture. Consumption and production of PPCPs have generated significant quantities of toxic waste in affluent entering the water streams, which poses a risk to aquatic life, public health, and the ecosystem. Given the potential toxicity impacts, continuous exposure to PPCPs is of critical concern. However, the concentrations of PPCPs in the environment are low. Efforts are being made to synergize efficient and cost-effective PPCPs removal technologies to remediate these pollutants from the environment. Still, the success rate is low because of their low concentration (ppb or ppt) and complex chemical structure. Common wastewater treatment technologies are not found efficient enough to attain their complete elimination from the aquatic matrix. Concurrently, ecological problems associated with water quality and aquatic life are aggravated in the prone areas, particularly in the developing world, owing to inadequate monitoring, data management, and treatment facilities. The lifecycle assessment (LCA) is an effective tool for efficient monitoring, quantification, and damage incurred by various stages from production to possible disposal. This chapter summarizes the LCA process of PPCPs, including the release and accumulation, to examine the impacts and associated risks to water quality, the aquatic environment, and ultimately human beings. Furthermore, the deep insight of LCA will help to understand the kinetics of pollutants in environment exchange pools and help fill the existing knowledge gaps that would be a certain better step for management and remediation.
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Jacob, George, and Martina N. Cummins. "Common Organisms Responsible for Healthcare-associated Infection (HCAI)." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
MRSA are S. aureus which become methicillin resistant by the acquisition of the mec A gene which is on a mobile chromosomal determinant called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec). The mec A gene encodes for a penicillin- binding protein (PBP2a) which has a low affinity for isoxazolyl-penicillins (MICs to oxacillin/ meticillin ≥ 4μg/ ml) and is resistant to all classes of beta-lactam antibiotics. Current Department of Health (DOH) guidance (2014) recommends that mandatory MRSA screening be streamlined to include only: ● All patient admissions to high- risk units; ● Healthcare workers; and ● All patients previously identified as colonized or infected with MRSA. The guidance also advises Trusts to follow local risk assessment policies to identify other potential high- risk units or units with a history of high endemicity of MRSA; and The guidance also recommends regular auditing of compliance with MRSA screening policy. The 2006 guideline for the control and prevention of MRSA in healthcare facilities recommends the following four measures. ● Isolation MRSA- positive patients should be nursed in a single room or if none is available, cohorting into a bay after risk assessment. Patient movement, and the number of staff and visitors looking after the patient, should be minimized. ● Hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) All staff and visitors should decontaminate their hands with soap and water/or an alcohol rub before and after contact with the patient or their immediate surroundings. Single-use disposable gloves and aprons/non- permeable gowns should be used by staff and visitors if there is a risk of contamination with body fluids. ● Disposal of waste and laundry All waste from colonized/ infected patients should be placed in the infectious waste stream. All linen and bedding from patients colonized/infected with MRSA should be considered as contaminated and processed as infected linen. ● Cleaning and decontamination The patient’s room should be cleaned/disinfected daily with an appropriate detergent/disinfectant as per local policy. On discharge of the patient, the room needs to be terminally cleaned before it is reused. All patient equipment should either be single-patient use or be cleaned, disinfected, and sterilized.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Health facilities Australia Waste disposal"
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Prince, Robert E., Victor Magnus, and James W. Latham. "Lessons Learned Siting and Successfully Operating Two Large L/ILW Disposal Facilities in the U.S." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper addresses the experience, knowledge, and expertise that Duratek has acquired while performing environmental remediation at two large low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) disposal facilities in the United States. Environmental remediation and related waste disposal has been the company’s primary line of business line since it was founded in 1969. It has disposed of more than half of the low-level radioactive waste generated in the U.S. over the past thirty years, working with almost every radioactive waste generator in the country. That experience has allowed the company to develop a unique understanding of safe, efficient, and cost-effective LLRW disposal methods. The paper also tracks the history of waste disposal technology at the Barnwell Disposal Site in South Carolina and the U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Restoration Disposal Facility (ERDF) at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. In particular, it describes the evolution of trench design, operations, and disposal procedures for these facilities. It also discusses the licensing of one the most active waste disposal sites in the U.S., the success of which has been assured to customers and stake-holders because of: • Well trained personnel who are dedicated to the design, construction and operation of safe and efficient disposal facilities; • Commitment to strong community relations; • Comprehensive knowledge of proven disposal strategies, technologies, and management practices; • Capability and readiness to respond rapidly to routine and emergency situations; • Established record of comprehensive and responsive communications with regulatory authorities; • Commitment to quality, compliance and personnel health, and safety; and • Financial systems that ensure long-term facilities management.
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Needham, Michael. "Detecting Sources of Ionizing Radiation in the Waste Stream." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Why is the detection of radioactive sources important to the solid waste industry?: Radioactive material is used extensively in the United States in research, medicine, education, and industry for the benefit of society (e.g. smoke detectors, industrial process gauges, medical diagnosis/treatment). Generally speaking, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state governments regulate the use and disposal of radioactive materials. Licensed radioactive waste disposal facilities receive the bulk of the waste generated in the United States with exceptions for low-level waste (e.g. medical patient waste) that may be disposed of as municipal waste. According to the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc (CRCPD)., there has been an increasing number of incidence involving the detection of prohibited radioactive wastes at solid waste management facilities. While the CRCPD acknowledges that the increased incidence may be partially attributed to the growing number of solid waste facilities that have detection systems, undetected sources of ionizing radiation can harm the environment, have a negative impact on employee health and safety, and result in significant remedial actions. Implementing an effective detection/response plan can aid in the proper management of radioactive waste and serve to minimize the potential for negative outcomes.
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Lyon, F. L., M. B. Hebert, and S. A. Marinello. "An Evaluation of the Radiation Health Physics Data Collected at a Commercial NORM Oilfield Waste Disposal Facility With Application to Field Production Facilities." In SPE/EPA Exploration and Production Environmental Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/37893-ms.
Повний текст джерела
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Farin, S., G. Ouzounian, R. Miguez, and J. L. Tison. "Territorial Integration of the Geological Repository in France." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In France, a framework has been drawn up by the National Assembly and implemented by the government, in order to get the best relationship between Andra, among others, and the stakeholders and the inhabitants of the towns and countries where disposal facilities or projects are or could be established. The main threads of the two Acts passed in 2006, being relevant to the relationship with inhabitants are the information exchange and the local economic development. Dealing with the information exchange and diffusion: • The Local Information Committee (CLI), for each nuclear facility, has been reinforced and a specific, Local Information and Oversight Committee (for the Underground Laboratory in Meuse-Haute-Marne) has been renewed. The CLI was in charge of a general assignment to inform and consult on nuclear safety, radioprotection and environmental topics. Now, since 2006, the nuclear facility’s CLI and the CLIS are able to order study reports, measures and analyses to experts freely selected. • Creation of the High Committee for Transparency and Information on Nuclear Safety (HCTISN). This new authority aims to inform, consult and debate about the risks relevant to nuclear activities and their impacts on people’s health, environment and nuclear safety. Andra contributes to the functioning of CLI in disposal facilities at Manche and Aube Departments, and CLIS of the underground Laboratory at Meuse and Haute-Marne departments. This paper will present these contributions and how Andra’s action helps to reach the goals of information and exchange with the people around its facilities. Concerning the local economic development, there are specific organizations or schemes, depending on the facility: • Local taxes contributions based on the disposal facilities activities as is usual in France. • A High Level Committee (CHN) and two public interest groups (GIP) in Meuse and Haute-Marne departments have been set up since 1991 and 2005. Andra is represented in these three institutions, but they are not funded at all by Andra. This paper will show the Andra’s involvement in the local economic and territorial developments. Within this general framework Andra has developed information and exchanges actions with the stakeholders and the inhabitants around its facilities. Examples of these actions will be presented also.
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Svoboda, Karel, Josef Podlaha, David Sˇi´r, and Josef Mudra. "Experiences in the Field of Radioactive Materials Seizures in the Czech Republic." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, the amount of radioactive materials seizures (captured radioactive materials) has been rising. It was above all due to newly installed detection facilities that were able to check metallic scrap during its collection in scrap yards or on the entrance to iron-mills, checking municipal waste upon entrance to municipal disposal sites, even incineration plants, or through checking vehicles going through the borders of the Czech Republic. Most cases bore a relationship to secondary raw materials or they were connected to the application of machines and installations made from contaminated metallic materials. However, in accordance to our experience, the number of cases of seizures of materials and devices containing radioactive sources used in the public domain was lower, but not negligible, in the municipal storage yards or incineration plants. Atomic Act No. 18/1997 Coll. will apply to everybody who provides activities leading to exposure, mandatory assurance as high radiation safety as risk of the endangering of life, personal health and environment is as low as reasonably achievable in according to social and economic aspects. Hence, attention on the examination of all cases of the radioactive material seizure based on detection facilities alarm or reasonably grounds suspicion arising from the other information is important. Therefore, a service carried out by group of workers who ensure assessment of captured radioactive materials and eventual retrieval of radioactive sources from the municipal waste has come into existence in the Nuclear Research Institute Rez plc. This service has covered also transport, storage, processing and disposal of found radioactive sources. This service has arisen especially for municipal disposal sites, but later on even other companies took advantage of this service like incineration plants, the State Office for Nuclear Safety, etc. Our experience in the field of ensuring assessment of captured radioactive materials and eventual retrieval of radioactive sources will be presented in the paper.
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Soliman, Hossam Mohamed Hassan, Mamdouh Hanafy Abdou, Ebtisam Mohamed Fetohy, and Mohamed Fakhry Hussein. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Diabetic Patients Regarding Sharps Disposal." In 7th GoGreen Summit 2021. Technoarete, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/978-93-92106-02-6.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present research assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of diabetic patients concerning the disposal of sharps in community settings and the factors affecting them by using a validated interview questionnaire. A cross-sectional study was done. Three hundred eighty-four patients were selected by systematic random sampling and interviewed to answer the questionnaire at 2 diabetic centers in Alexandria. We found the respondents had fair knowledge (7.17±2.21 out of 10) and a positive attitude (3.682±0.87 out of 5) towards sharps disposal. However, the majority (95.1%) had poor disposal practices. Only (4.9%) of participants had acceptable disposal techniques through health care facilities. Good knowledge scores were related to high educational level, single marital status, living in an urban area, and being employed. Based on both crude and multivariable regression models, the study found that attitude was influenced by occupation status and that the parameters predicting disposal in healthcare settings were receiving advice from healthcare workers (HCW), knowledge score, and using insulin outside the house. In conclusion, most patients had inappropriate sharps disposal practices. Accordingly, the researchers expect a massive public health problem towards diabetic sharp waste discarding which implied the necessity to implement a proper community sharps disposal program in the future.
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Manegdeg, Reynald Ferdinand, Analiza Rollon, Florencio Ballesteros, Eduardo Magdaluyo, Louernie De Sales-Papa, Eligia Clemente, Emma Macapinlac, Roderaid Ibañez, and Rinlee Butch Cervera. "Waste-to-Energy Technology Suitability Assessment for the Treatment and Disposal of Medical, Industrial, and Electronic Residual Wastes in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63768.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Sanitary landfill is considered as a final repository of residual wastes. However, there is a need for volume reduction to increase the lifespan of the landfill and to stabilize these wastes to prevent environmental and health hazards. A possible option to achieve these objectives is a waste-to-energy (WtE) facility that can significantly reduce residual waste volume and generate electricity at the same time. In Metropolitan Manila, Philippines, there is no existing WtE facility for the treatment of residual wastes. In this study, the technical feasibility of a WtE plant for residual wastes from medical, industrial, and electronic sectors in the Metropolis is assessed. A multi-attribute decision analysis method was used in the selection of the most appropriate waste conversion and power generation technology for residual waste. Seven waste conversion technologies were compared according to overall efficiency, waste reduction rate, maximum capacity, reliability, lifespan, energy conversion cost, and environmental emissions. Four power generation technologies were then ranked according to efficiency, cost, footprint, work ratio, emissions, and complexity. The pyrolysis-Brayton plant was found to be the most suitable WtE plant for the identified residual waste. To determine WtE capacity, a waste analysis characterization study was conducted in wastes from health care facilities, manufacturing plants and treatment, storage and disposal facilities in Metropolitan Manila. Representative samples were obtained from these sectors to determine the generation rate and waste composition of residual wastes. Empirical, literature, and manufacturer’s data were used to calculate for product yield, energy requirement and energy yield for each sectoral waste. Based on the energy yield estimates, the WtE power plant was simulated at capacities of 1, 3, and 10 tons per day (tpd) for the three residual waste sectors. The 10 tpd plant simulation for medical and industrial waste resulted to electricity generation of 800 kW and 1.2 MW, at efficiencies of 23% and 24%, respectively. The 3 tpd plant simulation for electronic waste generated 200 kW at 21% efficiency. The waste reduction rate obtained for medical, industrial, and electronic wastes was 84%, 90%, and 71%, respectively. The results of the study showed that it is technically feasible to incorporate a WtE plant in the treatment and disposal of residual wastes in Metropolitan Manila. Furthermore, in consideration of the geographical attributes of the sectoral residual waste generators, the flexibility and small footprint of the pyrolysis-Brayton set-up is suitable. Installing 1–3 tpd plants in clustered locations will lessen transportation costs and land area requirement. Moreover, it is recommended that a financial feasibility study be done on the residual WtE plant, along with an enabling environment and business plan.
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Zemba, Stephen G., Michael R. Ames, and Laura C. Green. "Modeling and Measuring Impacts From Ash Landfilling: Using Data to Inform Regulatory Policy." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most ash generated by waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities in the U.S. is landfilled. Studies undertaken in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s indicated no significant environmental concerns associated with ash landfilling. However, in 2001, policy-makers at the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MA DEP) became concerned that the “cumulative” impacts of landfills, including ash landfills, might pose a risk to human health. To address this concern, we performed an in-depth assessment of impacts to air quality, and theoretical risks to health, from fugitive emissions associated with an ash landfill. Nine sources of fugitive ash emissions were modeled using methods that coupled detailed information about the site operations, ash properties, and meteorological conditions on an hour-by-hour basis. The results of these assessments, combined with ambient air data collected by others, demonstrated that the impacts from fugitive emissions of the ash were no more than negligible. Accordingly, in 2006, MA DEP revised its policy, exempting ash disposal landfills from the requirement to demonstrate no significant impact, effectively granting presumptive certainty to ash landfills that employ best management practices. Detailed analyses such as described herein, combined with robust data sets, can form the basis of more efficient regulatory policies.
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Greenman, William, and Kimberly Cole. "Management of Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Waste in the United States." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the United States, mixed-waste is typically defined as waste that contains both radioactive constituents and non-radioactive constituents that pose a threat to human health or the environment (hazardous waste). Prior to 1986 the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) had sole regulatory authority over mixed-waste because of its radioactive constituents. In 1986, however, the U.S. Environmental Protections Agency (EPA) was granted regulatory authority over the hazardous constituents in mixed-waste; and, a system of dual regulation was created. Dual regulation of mixed-waste by the EPA and the NRC has caused significant problems for the regulated community. The burden of dual regulation has contributed to the slow development of treatment technologies, and to the overall lack of treatment capacity available to U.S generators of mixed-waste. This paper reviews the requirements that the EPA and the NRC mandate with regard to mixed-waste generation, treatment and disposal; and it explores technical impacts of those requirements as they relate to generators, treatment facilities and the public.
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Svoboda, K., and A. Vokál. "Development of Testing Laboratory for Checking Radioactive Waste Packages in the Czech Republic." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the Czech Republic, radioactive wastes have been accumulated since the twenties of the past century without any consideration for the possible impact of generated wastes on the health of man and the environment. Since the sixties the radioactive wastes have been emplaced in abandoned mines Richard and Bratrství, with some of them only stored there for the future disposal in a planned Deep Geological Repository. Only in seventies more detailed rules for institutional waste management were issued by the decree of the Ministry of Health No. 59/1972, which were in 1997 replaced by Atomic Act No. 18/1997. The contemporary state of checking waste packages coming to the repositories for their disposal or storage has been based mainly on the measurements of dose rates, surface contamination and, first of all, checking of documents prepared by waste producers. The main objective of the development of a testing laboratory for checking radioactive waste packages in the Czech Republic is to establish a facility that will make possible to check independently the data provided by radioactive waste producers and to characterize the content of waste packages already stored or disposed of in disposal facilities in sixties, when so strict regulation requirements were not applied. The main aim of this paper is to describe the state of the development of main methodologies leading to the establishment of the laboratory. It is possible to divide into 3 main groups the essential methodologies now being developed in the laboratory: radiological, short-term properties and long-term durability properties. The emphasis is given, however, on the following non-destructive methods: • Segmented gamma scanning - already developed with the support of IAEA; • Digital radiography - under development; • Passive and active neutron assay - in prospective plan. The establishing of such a laboratory does not mean only to purchase very expensive equipment, enabling to determine the quality of waste packages, but also to establish Quality Control on all developed methodologies. While buying the equipment may be the matter of a rather short time, the development of methodologies, testing procedures and all quality assurance (QA) system documents may take years. A planned QA system of the laboratory is described in the last part of the article.