Готові списки джерел за темами / HCh models

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "HCh models"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "HCh models"

1

Rodrigues, Stephen F., Shantel A. Vital, and D. Neil Granger. "Mild Hypercholesterolemia Blunts the Proinflammatory and Prothrombotic Effects of Hypertension on the Cerebral Microcirculation." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 33, no. 4 (January 2, 2013): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2012.194.

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Although an increased leukocyte and platelet adhesion is observed in cerebral venules of mice with either hypertension (HTN) or hypercholesterolemia (HCh), it remains unclear whether the combination of HTN and HCh exerts a comparable effect on leukocyte and platelet recruitment in the cerebral microvasculature. Thus, we examined whether HCh alters platelet and leukocyte adhesion, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, in cerebral venules in two models of murine HTN: DOCA salt-induced and angiotensin II (Ang II) induced. In both models, the mice were placed on either a normal or cholesterol-enriched diet. An enhanced recruitment of adherent leukocytes and platelets in cerebral venules was noted in both HTN models in the absence of HCh, but not in its presence. The Ang II-induced increase in BBB permeability was attenuated by HCh as well. Both total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were elevated in the HCh mice. The HTN-induced increase in leukocyte and platelet adhesion was attenuated in apolipoprotein A-I transgenic mice (ApoA1-Tg) and blunted in wild-type mice treated with the ApoA1 mimetic peptide, 4F. Our findings indicate that mild HCh significantly blunts the cerebral microvascular responses to HTN and that HDL may have a role in mediating this beneficial effect of HCh.
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2

Brown, Russell F., and Mark T. Holtzapple. "A comparison of the Michaelis-Menten and HCH-1 models." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 36, no. 11 (December 20, 1990): 1151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260361110.

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3

Rubini, Elisabetta, Giuliano Paglia, David Cannella, Alberto Macone, Antonella Di Sotto, Marco Gullì, Fabio Altieri та Margherita Eufemi. "β-Hexachlorocyclohexane: A Small Molecule with a Big Impact on Human Cellular Biochemistry". Biomedicines 8, № 11 (16 листопада 2020): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110505.

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Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) belong to a heterogeneous class of organic compounds blacklisted by the Stockholm Convention in 2009 due to their harmful impact on human health. Among OCPs, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is one of the most widespread and, at the same time, poorly studied environmental contaminant. Due to its physicochemical properties, β-HCH is the most hazardous of all HCH isomers; therefore, clarifying the mechanisms underlying its molecular action could provide further elements to draw the biochemical profile of this OCP. For this purpose, LNCaP and HepG2 cell lines were used as models and were subjected to immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and RT-qPCR analysis to follow the expression and mRNA levels, together with the distribution, of key biomolecules involved in the intracellular responses to β-HCH. In parallel, variations in redox homeostasis and cellular bioenergetic profile were monitored to have a complete overview of β-HCH effects. Obtained results strongly support the hypothesis that β-HCH could be an endocrine disrupting chemical as well as an activator of AhR signaling, promoting the establishment of an oxidative stress condition and a cellular metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis. In this altered context, β-HCH can also induce DNA damage through H2AX phosphorylation, demonstrating its multifaceted mechanisms of action.
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4

Cumming, Jacqueline, Phoebe Dunn, Lesley Middleton, and Claire O’Loughlin. "The health care home in New Zealand: rolling out a new model of primary health care." Journal of Integrated Care 26, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-04-2018-0031.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on the origins, development and early impacts of a Health Care Home (HCH) model of care being rolled out around New Zealand (NZ). Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on a literature review on HCHs and related developments in primary health care, background discussions with key players, and a review of significant HCH implementation documents. Findings The HCH model of care is emerging from the sector itself and is being tailored to local needs and to meet the needs of local practices. A key focus in NZ seems to be on business efficiency and ensuring sustainability of general practice – with the assumption that freeing up general practitioner time for complex patients will mean better care for those populations. HCH models of care differ around the world and NZ needs its own evidence to show the model’s effectiveness in achieving its goals. Research limitations/implications It is still early days for the HCH model of care in NZ and the findings in this paper are based on limited evidence. Further evidence is needed to identify the model’s full impact over the next few years. Originality/value This paper is one of the first to explore the HCH model of care in NZ.
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5

Zazo, Santiago, José-Luis Molina, Verónica Ruiz-Ortiz, Mercedes Vélez-Nicolás, and Santiago García-López. "Modeling River Runoff Temporal Behavior through a Hybrid Causal–Hydrological (HCH) Method." Water 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113137.

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The uncertainty in traditional hydrological modeling is a challenge that has not yet been overcome. This research aimed to provide a new method called the hybrid causal–hydrological (HCH) method, which consists of the combination of traditional rainfall–runoff models with novel hydrological approaches based on artificial intelligence, called Bayesian causal modeling (BCM). This was implemented by building nine causal models for three sub-basins of the Barbate River Basin (SW Spain). The models were populated by gauging (observing) short runoff series and from long and short hydrological runoff series obtained from the Témez rainfall–runoff model (T-RRM). To enrich the data, all series were synthetically replicated using an ARMA model. Regarding the results, on the one hand differences in the dependence intensities between the long and short series were displayed in the dependence mitigation graphs (DMGs), which were attributable to the insufficient amount of data available from the hydrological records and to climate change processes. The similarities in the temporal dependence propagation (basin memory) and in the symmetry of DMGs validate the reliability of the hybrid methodology, as well as the results generated in this study. Consequently, water planning and management can be substantially improved with this approach.
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6

O'Driscoll, K., B. Mayer, J. Su, and M. Mathis. "The effects of climate change on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the North Sea." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 5 (September 10, 2013): 1525–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-1525-2013.

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Abstract. The fate and cycling of two selected legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), PCB 153 and γ-HCH, in the North Sea in the 21st century have been modelled with combined hydrodynamic and fate and transport ocean models. To investigate the impact of climate variability on POPs in the North Sea in the 21st century, future scenario model runs for three 10 yr periods to the year 2100 using plausible levels of both in situ concentrations and atmospheric, river and open boundary inputs are performed. Since estimates of future concentration levels of POPs in the atmosphere, oceans and rivers are not available, our approach was to reutilise 2005 values in the atmosphere, rivers and at the open ocean boundaries for every year of the simulations. In this way, we attribute differences between the three 10 yr simulations to climate change only. For the HAMSOM and atmospheric forcing, results of the IPCC A1B (SRES) 21st century scenario are utilised, where surface forcing is provided by the REMO downscaling of the ECHAM5 global atmospheric model, and open boundary conditions are provided by the MPIOM global ocean model. Dry gas deposition and volatilisation of γ-HCH increase in the future relative to the present. In the water column, total mass of γ-HCH and PCB 153 remain fairly steady in all three runs. In sediment, γ-HCH increases in the future runs, relative to the present, while PCB 153 in sediment decreases exponentially in all three runs, but even faster in the future, both of which are the result of climate change. Annual net sinks exceed sources at the ends of all periods.
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7

Veal, Britney, Jessica Yauk, and Hongdao Meng. "ARE CAREGIVERS HEALTHIER?: ASSESSING CAREGIVERS' EPISODIC MEMORY IN A MATCHED AND UNMATCHED SAMPLE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2077.

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Abstract Recent findings using an advanced methodological technique of propensity matching have found that caregivers may have better cognitive health compared to non-caregivers. However, there are limited studies assessing how personality and other psychosocial variables may affect the relationship between caregiver status and cognition. Utilizing the healthy caregiver hypothesis (HCH), the current study examined the association between caregiving and episodic memory in a matched (N= 1,246) and unmatched (N=3,112) sample of caregivers from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. The interaction between caregiving status and personality was also examined. Unadjusted models showed no difference between caregiver status and episodic memory in the samples; however, depression was significantly (p=<.0001) related to cognition in the unmatched sample. In adjusted models for the unmatched sample, conscientiousness (p=0.043), pessimism (p=0.006), and feeling constrained (p=0.028) were found to be significantly associated with episodic memory. In the matched adjusted models, conscientiousness was no longer a significant predictor, but number of chronic conditions was significantly related to episodic memory (p=0.001). The interaction between caregiving and extraversion also approached significance (p=0.076). Findings suggest extraverted caregivers may have better episodic memory performance. These findings highlight the importance of implementing propensity matching in caregiving research. Future research is needed to examine the relationship between coping style and personality specific domains in relation to the HCH.
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8

Criswell, Rachel, Virissa Lenters, Siddhartha Mandal, Hein Stigum, Nina Iszatt, and Merete Eggesbø. "Persistent Environmental Toxicants in Breast Milk and Rapid Infant Growth." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 70, no. 3 (2017): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000463394.

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Background/Aims: Many environmental toxicants are passed to infants in utero and through breast milk. Exposure to toxicants during the perinatal period can alter growth patterns, impairing growth or increasing obesity risk. Previous studies have focused on only a few toxicants at a time, which may confound results. We investigated levels of 26 toxicants in breast milk and their associations with rapid infant growth, a risk factor for later obesity. Methods: We used data from the Norwegian HUMIS study, a multi-center cohort of 2,606 mothers and newborns enrolled between 2002 and 2008. Milk samples collected 1 month after delivery from a subset of 789 women oversampled by overweight were analyzed for toxicants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals, and pesticides. Growth was defined as change in weight-for-age z-score between 0 and 6 months among the HUMIS population, and rapid growth was defined as change in z-score above 0.67. We used a Bayesian variable selection method to determine the exposures that most explained variation in the outcome. Identified toxicants were included in logistic and linear regression models to estimate associations with growth, adjusting for maternal age, smoking, education, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, parity, child sex, cumulative breastfeeding, birth weight, gestational age, and preterm status. Results: Of 789 infants, 19.2% displayed rapid growth. The median maternal age was 29.6 years, and the median pre-pregnancy BMI was 24.0 kg/m2, with 45.3% of mothers overweight or obese. Rapid growers were more likely to be firstborn. Hexachlorobenzene, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), and PCB-74 were identified in the variable selection method. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in β-HCH exposure was associated with a lower odds of rapid growth (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42-0.94). Newborns exposed to high levels of β-HCH showed reduced infant growth (β = -0.03, 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01 for IQR increase in breast milk concentration). No other significant associations were found. Conclusions: Our results suggest that early life β-HCH exposure may be linked to slowed growth. Further research is warranted on the potential mechanism behind this association and the longer-term metabolic effects of perinatal β-HCH exposure.
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9

O'Driscoll, K., B. Mayer, J. Su, and M. Mathis. "The effects of global climate change on the cycling and processes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the North Sea." Ocean Science 10, no. 3 (May 27, 2014): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-397-2014.

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Abstract. The fate and cycling of two selected legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), PCB 153 and γ-HCH, in the North Sea in the 21st century have been modelled with combined hydrodynamic and fate and transport ocean models (HAMSOM and FANTOM, respectively). To investigate the impact of climate variability on POPs in the North Sea in the 21st century, future scenario model runs for three 10-year periods to the year 2100 using plausible levels of both in situ concentrations and atmospheric, river and open boundary inputs are performed. This slice mode under a moderate scenario (A1B) is sufficient to provide a basis for further analysis. For the HAMSOM and atmospheric forcing, results of the IPCC A1B (SRES) 21st century scenario are utilized, where surface forcing is provided by the REMO downscaling of the ECHAM5 global atmospheric model, and open boundary conditions are provided by the MPIOM global ocean model. Dry gas deposition and volatilization of γ-HCH increase in the future relative to the present by up to 20% (in the spring and summer months for deposition and in summer for volatilization). In the water column, total mass of γ-HCH and PCB 153 remain fairly steady in all three runs. In sediment, γ-HCH increases in the future runs, relative to the present, while PCB 153 in sediment decreases exponentially in all three runs, but even faster in the future, due to the increased number of storms, increased duration of gale wind conditions and increased water and air temperatures, all of which are the result of climate change. Annual net sinks exceed sources at the ends of all periods. Overall, the model results indicate that the climate change scenarios considered here generally have a negligible influence on the simulated fate and transport of the two POPs in the North Sea, although the increased number and magnitude of storms in the 21st century will result in POP resuspension and ensuing revolatilization events. Trends in emissions from primary and secondary sources will remain the key driver of levels of these contaminants over time.
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10

Li, Lun, Andrew Wister, and Barbara Mitchell. "EXAMINATION OF THE HEALTHY CAREGIVER EFFECT AMONG OLDER ADULTS FINDING FROM THE CANADIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGING." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2359.

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Abstract Objective. The Healthy Caregiver Hypothesis (HCH) suggests that caregiving is associated with beneficial health impacts for family caregivers. However, mixed results have been reported, particularly when different levels of caregiving intensity were examined. This study analyzes the relationship between caregiving intensity and three health indicators (functional health, chronic illness, and self-rated general health) among Canadian older adults over three years. Method. We drew upon a sub-sample of 11,344 participants aged 65 and older from the Baseline and Follow-up 1 data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging and used linear mixed models to test the hypothesis based on different levels of caregiving intensity. Results. Older adults who provided low-intensity care recently or continuously reported better functional health and self-rated health than non-caregivers. In contrast, older adults with low-intensity caregiving responsibility developed more chronic conditions over time compared to non-caregivers, but this association was not found for high-intensity caregivers. Discussion. This study elucidates the HCH by incorporating caregiving intensity to understand patterns of better functional health and perceived health, but more chronic conditions. The findings yielded from different health indicators suggest the impact of caregiving on health may be domain specific.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "HCh models"

1

Ilyina, Tatjana P. "The fate of persistent organic pollutants in the North Sea multiple year model simulations of {[gamma]-HCH [gamma-HCH], {[alpha]-HCH [alpha-HCH] and PCB 153." Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2874201&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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2

Ilyina, Tatjana P. "The fate of persistent organic pollutants in the North Sea : multiple year model simulations of [gamma]-HCH, [alpha]-HCH and PCB 153 /." Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0710/2006939205.html.

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3

Sandberg, Daniel. "Experiments, Computations and Models for Probabilistic HCF Design." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-182436.

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High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) failure is a common failure type for many mechanical components. Traditional HCF design is based on the deterministic safety factor approach, typically used in conjunction with the point stress method. A current development is to explicitly model the uncertainty of the design set-up, and compute the probability of failure, pf. If pf can be computed in an appropriate way, the contributions to fatigue can be identified and managed. Probabilistic design gives improved control over safety, which helps to avoid overly conservative design. One of the applications dealt with in this work is gas turbine compressor blades. For this type of component requirements on safety coincide with requirements on high efficiency, low weight, etc. In such case, methods for accurate fatigue assessment become extra important. In order to perform an appropriate fatigue design, certain requirements must be fulfilled. For example, the fatigue model that is used must be accurate and the relevant material parameters must be accurately determined. Other requirements are that the mesh used in the FE-computations for the stress field is fine enough, a HCF post-processor that enables application of fatigue models to real components must be available and a method for computation of pf including all uncertainties should also be available. In Paper A, it is shown that for a gas turbine compressor blade, it is the number of elements through the blade’s thickness that is the most important mesh property for convergence in . In Paper B, it is investigated which test strategy that should be used in order to perform accurate estimations of material parameters in multiaxial HCF criteria by use of as few laboratory tests as possible when different types of scatter are present, and when the cost to perform the fatigue tests is taken into consideration. It is shown that performing tests on few stress ratios located far away from each other is the best strategy, and that for tests performed in a high quality laboratory, scatter in specimen misalignment has an insignificant influence on the parameter estimation. In Papers C and D, the prediction accuracy for the probabilistic volume based Weakest Link (WL) model and the Volume method for the Probability of Fatigue (VPF) is investigated. A novel specimen design is suggested for investigation of the volume effect. Based on the results, the newly developed VPF is favoured for design purpose. In Paper D, the HCF post-processor AROMA-PF is also presented, and used for computation of pf for a real gas turbine compressor blade geometry. The behavior of the predicted fatigue probability curves is very different between WL and the VPF for low pf-values. In Paper E, a new method for fatigue probability assessment is presented. The classification of aleatory uncertainty type 1 and type 2 is also introduced. The suggested method is applied to a bladed disk in a gas turbine for computation of pf. The results show that the epistemic uncertainty in the modeling of the aero-forcing gives the major contribution to uncertainty in pf.

QC 20160222


COMP10
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4

Blackburn, Ian Russell. "A conceptual multi-model HCI model for the blind." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/575.

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The ability for blind people to read and write Braille aids literacy development. A good level of literacy enables a person to function well in society in terms of employment, education and daily living. The learning of Braille has traditionally been done with hard copy Braille produced by manual and more recently electronic Braille writers and printers. Curtin University is developing an electronic Braille writer and the research on an interface for Braille keyboard devices, presented in this thesis, forms part of the Curtin University Brailler project.The Design Science approach was the research method chosen for this research because of the flexibility of the approach and because it focuses upon the building of artefacts and theory development. The small sample size meant that both individual interviews and a focus group were employed to gather relevant data from respondents. The literature review covers a variety of areas related to computer interfaces and Braille keyboard devices. A key finding is that the interaction paradigm for Braille keyboard devices needs to differ to interfaces for sighted individuals because of the audio, tactile and serial nature of the information gathering strategies employed by blind people as compared with the visual and spatial information gathering strategies employed by sighted individuals. In terms of usability attributes designed to evaluate the interface consistency was found to be a key factor because of its importance to learning and memory retention.However, two main functions carried out on a computer system are navigating and editing. Thus the model of interface for Braille keyboard devices presented in this thesis focuses upon navigation support and editing support.Feedback was sort from by interviews with individuals and a focus group. Individual interviews were conducted face to face and via the telephone and the focus group was conducted via Skype conference call to enable participants from all over the world to provide feedback on the model.The model was evaluated using usability attributes. Usability was important to the respondents, in particular consistency, learnability, simplicity and ease of use were important. The concept of rich navigation and infinitely definable key maps were understood by respondents and supported. Braille output is essential including the ability to show formatting information in Braille.The limitations of the research included the few respondents to the interviews and the choice to focus upon a theoretical model rather than implementing the model on an actual device. Future research opportunities include implementing the interface concepts from the model on to touch screen devices to aid further development of the interface and implementing the interface on a physical device such as the Curtin University Brailler.
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5

Sandberg, Daniel. "Use of Experiments, Computations and Models for HCF Design." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Inst.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-160354.

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6

Oshlyansky, Lidia. "Cultural models in HCI : Hofstede, affordance and technology acceptance." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42813.

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There are many models of culture available to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers and industry sector practitioners that could potentially help in tackling the challenge of designing across cultures. Models by Hall and Hofstede (investigated in this thesis) among others, are used by the HCI community to shape research, frame research findings and inform design. However, very limited information is available that proves the applicability of these models to the field. There is currently no large scale, multi-country study that addresses the suitability and applicability of cultural models to the topical areas covered by HCI. The consequence of this lack of validated applicability is that the community, due to a lack of tools or knowledge, have to rely on guesswork or rules of thumb when tackling cross-cultural research and design. The research described here sets out to investigate when cultural models can be applied and to which HCI topics. This thesis explores the relationship and applicability of Hofstede's cultural model to two HCI topics which span Ito and Nakakoji's (1996) model of cultural impact on interaction. These two topics are cross-cultural affordance and cross-cultural technology acceptance. The thesis contingently also looks at the viability of doing cross-cultural research by using standardised tools and measures. The first study described here was a research project exploring the differences in affordances between two cultures and how or if Hofstede's cultural model could be applied to explain the findings of this study. The results from the affordance study showed that cultural differences do exist at the affordance level of interaction. However, Hofstede's cultural model could not help explain HCI at the lower end of Ito and Nakakoji's cultural influence model, at the level of affordance. The affordance study also provided useful insight into the questionnaire method used for gathering data in the second, larger scale project on technology acceptance. The second study which focused on cross-cultural technology acceptance, at the high end of Ito and Nakakoji's model, was a large scale, multinational, exploratory study. It investigated how Hofstede's cultural model could assist in understanding cross-cultural differences in technology acceptance as expressed when using websites. The research sought to understand how and if Hofstede's cultural model as measured by the Value Survey Module (VSM) would correlate with website acceptance as measured by the Unified Theory Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Both models were measured using questionnaires in 11 countries and 6 different languages. Results of this second study showed that Hofstede's model was not helpful at the higher end of Ito and Nakakoji's cultural influence model. Indeed the results cast doubt as to the validity of Hofstede's model as measured by the VSM while validating the use of the UTAUT cross-culturally.
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7

Buschmann, Udo. "Modellierung und Simulation von Hoch-Temperatur-Korrosionsprozessen." Düsseldorf VDI-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993723861/04.

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8

Rocha, Marcio. "New routes to HCI : a transdisciplinary approach." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3767.

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Анотація:
This thesis bring together different disciplines – philosophy of mind, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, cybernetics and the performing arts – in a transdisciplinary investigation that raises new questions about the human mind and our relationship with computers and machines in a way that contributes to and helps elucidate the human computer interaction (HCI) debate. It chooses transdisciplinarity as the methodology best able to mobilize new ideas and generate a different approach to HCI, one that will develop fresh insights and produce critical ways of thinking about the problems of contemporary life in relation to our interaction with technologies (in the broadest sense of the term). The thesis reconciles the artificial with human nature by using transdisciplinary methods to reduce the friction between human beings and computers. It does this by revisiting early mechanical machines and automatons (from mythology and science), as well as exploring the subject in relation to elements of the performing arts. In the process, the thesis confronts the concepts of ‘artificial’ and ‘natural’ intelligence, and explores various models of mind and intelligence, as well as examining the physicality or materiality of artefacts in terms of their congruence with the paradigm of the ‘embodied mind’. The preliminary studies and literature review carried out for the research revealed that the model of the mind currently proposed by HCI as the basis for theories of how humans interact with computers is unsatisfactory, limited and very problematic, not least because it is a disembodied and representational conception of the human mind. In order to relieve HCI of this problematic issue, the thesis introduces the concept of the ‘embodied mind’, which brings a deeper understanding of how the mind works; its recognition that the human mind, body and the world are interrelated entities gives us a new insight into how we can improve our interactions with machines and computers. To achieve this, the research explores the conceptualization of human characteristics such as intelligence and cognition, and confirms 7 that these concepts are subject to change, manifested in different forms, distributed, situated and contextualized. Intelligence is not interpreted as a literal entity, as it is in cognitive psychology, or as a quality that belongs to or empowers human beings alone, but inspired by the philosophy of artificial intelligence (AI), the thesis argues that it is a manifestation that ‘emerges’ when favourable conditions facilitate interactions between agents and artefacts. Through a focused analysis and interpretation of early automatons, robots, and artificial and mechanical machines, the study explores the concept that technology is both a practice and an imaginative idea, and not just a concrete manifestation of a solution to human problems. It perceives automatons, especially ‘fraudulent’ automatons, as true archaeological discoveries, evidence of the fact that our human ambitions and ideas are not limited by the technological expressions of different eras; they represent a special repository of the desire to capitalize on and make such ideas manifest even when the technology for their materialization is not yet available. The thesis also brings ventriloquism and puppetry into the discussion, as both objects and performative practices, in order to highlight the human relationship with the material environment, as well as related aspects of human and non-human agency. This indicates that cybernetics could prove a useful framework for an understanding of elements of the relationship between the human and the artificial. The thesis therefore tackles the problems and limitations imposed by cognitive science, computer science and psychology, currently the main disciplines concerned with improving human relationships with computers and machines, but more specifically, it offers a more historically and philosophically informed contribution to the study of HCI.
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Ng, Wing Lon. "Ökonometrische Modellierung von Durationsprozessen ultra-hoch frequenter Orderbuchdaten /." Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014770244&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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10

Dijana, Karuović. "Model korisničkog interfejsa interaktivnog obrazovnog softvera." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnički fakultet Mihajlo Pupin u Zrenjaninu, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20091014KARUOVIC.

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Oblast istraživanja ove disertacije obuhvata interakciju čoveka i računara.Kreirani su: model korisničkog interfejsa, sa smernicama za kvalitetnijurealizaciju obrazovnih softvera namenjenih najmlađim korisnicima, modelobrazovnog softvera na zakonima FITSA, kurikulum nastavnog predmetaInterakcija čoveka i računara. Očekivano poboljšanje obrazovnih efekatanastave prikazano je kroz vrednovanje rezultata istraživanja ostvarenihtestiranjem preciznosti prilikom rešavanja testova znanja kod onih testova kojise prilagođavaju performansama korisnika.
The research area of this thesis includes the interaction of man andcomputer. Model of the user interface, with guidelines for betterimplementation of educational software for the youngest users, a model ofeducational software to the laws Fits, curriculum teaching subject interactionof man and computer were created. Expected improvement of the educationaleffects of teaching is shown through the evaluation of results achieved whentesting the accuracy of solving tests in those tests that adapt to userperformance.
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Книги з теми "HCh models"

1

Ahmed, Seffah, Vanderdonckt Jean, and Desmarais Michel C, eds. Human-centered software engineering: Software engineering models, patterns and architectures for HCI. London: Springer, 2009.

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2

(Switzerland), Kunstmuseum Thun, and Schweizer Alpen-Club, eds. Hoch hinaus: Kunstmuseum Thun. Thun: Kunstmuseum Thun, 2005.

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Ellis, Randall P. Diagnostic cost group (DCG) and hierarchical coexisting conditions (HCC) models for Medicare risk adjustment. Waltham, MA: Health Economics Research, 1996.

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4

Skerbisch, Hartmut. "So hoch," sagte er sich: Skulptur = "So high," he said to himself : sculpture. Wien: Triton, 1997.

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5

Steinhorst, Hildegard-Maria. Statisch-dynamische Verbundanalyse von zeitlich und räumlich hoch aufgelösten Niederschlagsmustern: Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel der Gebiete von Köln und Bonn. St. Augustin: Asgard, 2000.

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6

1838-1886, Richardson H. H., ed. H.H. Richardson: Architectural forms for an American society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

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7

Bauer, Hans H. Estimates of ground-water recharge to the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, for predevelopment and current land-use conditions / by H.H. Bauer and J.J. Vaccaro. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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8

Bauer, H. H. Estimates of ground-water recharge to the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, for predevelopment and current land-use conditions / by H.H. Bauer and J.J. Vaccaro. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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9

Bauer, Hans H. Estimates of ground-water recharge to the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, for predevelopment and current land-use conditions / by H.H. Bauer and J.J. Vaccaro. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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10

Bauer, Hans H. Estimates of ground-water recharge to the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, for predevelopment and current land-use conditions / by H.H. Bauer and J.J. Vaccaro. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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Частини книг з теми "HCh models"

1

Eddington, David. "6. A comparison of two analogical models." In Human Cognitive Processing, 141–55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hcp.10.12edd.

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2

Benz, Anton. "Implicature of complex sentences in error models." In Human Cognitive Processing, 273–306. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hcp.40.11ben.

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3

Leonard, Dick. "H.H. Asquith." In Modern British Prime Ministers from Balfour to Johnson, 27–39. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003031963-4.

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4

Alpers, Charles E., Tomasz A. Wietecha, and Kelly L. Hudkins. "Experimental Models of Mixed Cryoglobulinemia." In HCV Infection and Cryoglobulinemia, 145–53. Milano: Springer Milan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1705-4_18.

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5

Long, John, Steve Cummaford, and Adam Stork. "HCI Design Knowledge as Models and Methods." In HCI Design Knowledge, 49–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79209-0_6.

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6

Lebedev, Pavel. "Financial Aspects of HCs Business Models." In Hidden Champions in CEE and Turkey, 95–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40504-4_8.

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7

Saeed, Mohsan, Eva Billerbeck, and Charles M. Rice. "HCV Molecular Virology and Animal Models." In Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 29–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7355_2018_51.

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8

Pförtsch, Waldemar, and Uwe Sponholz. "H2H Management im Bangalore Modell." In Das neue Marketing-Mindset, 287–394. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25519-0_5.

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9

Kaptein, Maurits. "Using Generalized Linear (Mixed) Models in HCI." In Human–Computer Interaction Series, 251–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26633-6_11.

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10

Schulze, Wolfgang. "A new model of metaphorization: Case semantics in East Caucasian." In Metonymy and Metaphor in Grammar, 147–75. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hcp.25.10sch.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "HCh models"

1

Allam, Hesham, Hani Qusa, Omar Alameer, Jinesh Ahmad, Enas Shoib, and Hatim Tammi. "Theoretical Perspective of Technology Acceptance Models: Towards a Unified Model for Social Media Applciations." In 2019 Sixth HCT Information Technology Trends (ITT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itt48889.2019.9075064.

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2

Choi, Myung Bin, Yong Min Kim, Myung Hwan Yun, Seungmo Ku, Kangwon Kim, Byungki Jin, and Ga-Won Kim. "Application possibility of web based model house to real model house." In HCI Korea 2016. The HCI Society of Korea, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17210/hcik.2016.01.240.

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3

Pidd, Mike. "Model development and HCI." In the 28th conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/256562.256785.

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4

Bennett, Daniel T. "Complex Systems Models of Cognition for HCI." In Proceedings of the 33rd International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference. BCS Learning & Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/hci20dc.4.

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5

Casaday, George, and Cynthia Rainis. "Requirements, models, and prototypes for HCI design." In Conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/257089.257373.

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6

Casaday, George, and Cynthia Rainis. "Models, prototypes, and evaluations for HCI design." In Conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/223355.223741.

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7

Greaves, David J. "Layering RTL, SAFL, Handel-C and Bluespec constructs on Chisel HCL." In 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Codesign (MEMOCODE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memcod.2015.7340477.

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8

Fuchs-Godec, Regina, Rok Špendl, and Urban Bren. "The Inhibition Effect of Natural Honey on Corrosion of Stainless Steel in a 17 % HCl Solution." In International Conference on Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy. University of Maribor, University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-353-1.4.

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9

Szasz, Christoph, and Sven Lauer. "Sensitivity Analysis of Cylinder Head Fatigue Life Prediction Using Statistical Models." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5559.

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Анотація:
For the efficient virtual development of combustion engine cylinder heads in terms of high cycle fatigue (HCF) it is highly important to have a reliable development process that represents reality in the best possible way. Most of today’s standard HCF procedures are capable of delivering high quality results for a specific load combination. However, loads are usually subject to variation. This is also valid for loads the cylinder head is subjected to. Assembly loads and operating loads considered during the virtual development process are widely determined by the production process which again is subject to variation due to certain tolerances, wear of the tooling equipment etc. As it is highly important to ensure the fatigue design of a cylinder head, there is the need for new analysis models capable of capturing every possible load variation. Within the framework of this paper the influence of different variable loading parameters on the cylinder head HCF margin of a heavy duty diesel engine will be discussed. A design of experiments (DoE) analysis is used together with the 3-d finite element method (FEM) for the investigations. Furthermore a methodology for the probabilistic assessment of the cylinder head HCF margin based on stochastic loading data is introduced. At the same time an effective methodology for the identification of the worst case boundary conditions for HCF analysis will be presented. With the presented probabilistic method it is possible to achieve a highly accurate prediction of the HCF design margin. Due to the probabilistic approach a better understanding of the entire system is possible, as the interaction between input and output parameters can be illustrated. Therefore HCF optimization problems can be encountered more effectively. Furthermore the presented methodology can be used for error estimation of analysis results and assessment of the result sensitivity. Thus, a borderline layout of the cylinder head can be achieved. Also the minimum input information quality, which is required for a profound HCF analysis, can be assessed by using the sensitivity analysis presented. Therefore the proposed methods enable a fast and reliable development of cylinder heads and other combustion engine components.
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10

Farmer, Mark N., and Colin C. Bird. "Creating and Analysing Models in IBM Task Modeler." In Proceedings of HCI 2007 The 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference University of Lancaster, UK. BCS Learning & Development, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/hci2007.40.

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Звіти організацій з теми "HCh models"

1

Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.

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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.
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2

Weaver, Claire Marie, Abigail Hunter, Irene Beyerlein, Enrique Martinez Saez, and Curt Allan Bronkhorst. Advancing a phase field dislocation dynamics code to model HCP materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1392828.

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3

Michael V. Glazoff and Jeong-Whan Yoon. DEVELOPMENT OF PLASTICITY MODEL USING NON ASSOCIATED FLOW RULE FOR HCP MATERIALS INCLUDING ZIRCONIUM FOR NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1111011.

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4

Schutt, Timothy, and Manoj Shukla. Predicting the impact of aqueous ions on fate and transport of munition compounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41481.

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A model framework for natural water has been developed using computational chemistry techniques to elucidate the interactions between solvated munition compounds and eight common ions in naturally occurring water sources. The interaction energies, residence times, coordination statistics, and surface preferences of nine munition related compounds with each ion were evaluated. The propensity of these interactions to increase degradation of the munition compound was predicted using accelerated replica QM/MM simulations. The degradation prediction data qualitatively align with previous quantum mechanical studies. The results suggest that primary ions of interest for fate and transport modeling of munition compounds in natural waters may follow the relative importance of SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻ ≫ HCO₃⁻, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺.
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5

Whitham, Steven A., Amit Gal-On, and Victor Gaba. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Host Genes Involved with Symptom Expression in Potyviral Infections. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593391.bard.

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Understanding how RNA viruses cause disease symptoms in their hosts is expected to provide information that can be exploited to enhance modern agriculture. The helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) protein of potyviruses has been implicated in symptom development. Previously, we demonstrated that symptom expression is associated with binding of duplex small-interfering-RNA (duplex-siRNA) to a highly conserved FRNK amino acid motif in the HC-Pro of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). This binding activity also alters host microRNA (miRNA) profiles. In Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), which infects the model plant Arabidopsis, mutation of the FRNK motif to FINK was lethal providing further indication of the importance of this motif to HC-Pro function. In this continuation project, our goal was to further investigate how ZYMV and TuMV cause the mis-expression of genes in cucurbits and Arabidopsis, respectively, and to correlate altered gene expression with disease symptoms. Objective 1 was to examine the roles of aromatic and positively charged residues F164RNH and K215RLF adjacent to FR180NK in small RNA binding. Objective 2 was to determine the target genes of the miRNAs which change during HC-Pro expression in infected tissues and transgenic cucumber. Objective 3 was to characterize RNA silencing mechanisms underlying differential expression of host genes. Objective 4 was to analyze the function of miRNA target genes and differentially expressed genes in potyvirus-infected tissues. We found that the charged K/R amino acid residues in the FKNH and KRLF motifs are essential for virus viability. Replacement of K to I in FKNH disrupted duplex-siRNA binding and virus infectivity, while in KRLF mutants duplex-siRNA binding was maintained and virus infectivity was limited: symptomless following a recovery phenomenon. These findings expanded the duplex-siRNA binding activity of HC-Pro to include the adjacent FRNK and FRNH sites. ZYMV causes many squash miRNAs to hyper-accumulate such as miR166, miR390, mir168, and many others. Screening of mir target genes showed that only INCURVATA-4 and PHAVOLUTA were significantly upregulated following ZYMVFRNK infection. Supporting this finding, we found similar developmental symptoms in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing P1-HC-Pro of a range of potyviruses to those observed in miR166 mutants. We characterized increased transcription of AGO1 in response to infection with both ZYMV strains. Differences in viral siRNA profiles and accumulation between mild and severe virus infections were characterized by Illumina sequencing, probably due to the differences in HC-Pro binding activity. We determined that the TuMV FINK mutant could accumulate and cause symptoms in dcl2 dcl4 or dcl2 dcl3 dcl4 mutants similar to TuMV FRNK in wild type Arabidopsis plants. These dcl mutant plants are defective in antiviral defenses, and the results show that factors other than HC-ProFRNK motif can induce symptoms in virus-infected plants. As a result of this work, we have a better understanding of the FRNK and FKNH amino acid motifs of HC-Pro and their contributions to the duplex-siRNA binding functions. We have identified plant genes that potentially contribute to infectivity and symptoms of virus infected plants when they are mis-expressed during potyviral infections. The results establish that there are multiple underlying molecular mechanisms that lead viral pathogenicity, some dependent on HC-Pro. The potential benefits include the development of novel strategies for controlling diseases caused by viruses, methods to ensure stable expression of transgenes in genetically improved crops, and improved potyvirus vectors for expression of proteins or peptides in plants.
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6

Silpakar, Simran, and Kamala Gurung. Transforming the informal sector: A review of best practices for the brick sector in the HKH - working paper. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1019.

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Анотація:
This working paper documents some of the best practices in the brick industries of the Hindu Kush Himalaya. The goal is to support the transformation of the sector into a clean and modern industry. Here, we present 25 best practices related to three specific dimensions of the brick industry – social, regulatory, and technological.
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7

Bouezmarni, Taoufik, Mohamed Doukali, and Abderrahim Taamouti. Copula-based estimation of health concentration curves with an application to COVID-19. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mtkj3339.

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COVID-19 has created an unprecedented global health crisis that caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide. Many, however, argue that pre-existing social inequalities have led to inequalities in infection and death rates across social classes, with the most-deprived classes are worst hit. In this paper, we derive semi/non-parametric estimators of Health Concentration Curve (HC) that can quantify inequalities in COVID-19 infections and deaths and help identify the social classes that are most at risk of infection and dying from the virus. We express HC in terms of copula function that we use to build our estimators of HC. For the semi-parametric estimator, a parametric copula is used to model the dependence between health and socio-economic variables. The copula function is estimated using maximum pseudo-likelihood estimator after replacing the cumulative distribution of health variable by its empirical analogue. For the non-parametric estimator, we replace the copula function by a Bernstein copula estimator. Furthermore, we use the above estimators of HC to derive copula-based estimators of health Gini coeffcient. We establish the consistency and the asymptotic normality of HC’s estimators. Using different data-generating processes and sample sizes, a Monte-Carlo simulation exercise shows that the semiparametric estimator outperforms the smoothed nonparametric estimator, and that the latter does better than the empirical estimator in terms of Integrated Mean Squared Error. Finally, we run an extensive empirical study to illustrate the importance of HC’s estimators for investigating inequality in COVID-19 infections and deaths in the U.S. The empirical results show that the inequalities in state’s socio-economic variables like poverty, race/ethnicity, and economic prosperity are behind the observed inequalities in the U.S.’s COVID-19 infections and deaths.
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8

Vachon, P. W., and F. W. Dobson. Wind Retrieval from RADARSAT SAR Images: Selection of a Suitable C-band HH Polarization Wind Retrieval Model. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219536.

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9

Baumgartner, Annabell. Akzeptierbarkeit und Wirksamkeit verkehrspolitischer Maßnahmen zur Neuaufteilung öffentlicher Räume. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.58870.

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Анотація:
Mit dem Ziel, Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen unter welchen Umständen verkehrspolitische Maßnahmen seitens der Bevölkerung befürwortet und angenommen werden, wurde im Hebst 2020 eine quantitative Haushaltsbefragung (N = 832) in vier Frankfurter Befragungsgebieten durchgeführt. Als Untersuchungsgegenstand wurde die Umwandlung von Auto- in Fahrradspuren ausgewählt – eine Maßnahme, die in Folge des Frankfurter Radentscheids entlang verschiedener Verkehrsachsen in Frankfurt geplant und teilweise bereits umgesetzt wurde. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass die Akzeptierbarkeit für die zukünftige Umsetzung einer solchen Maßnahme zur Neuaufteilung öffentlicher Räume in Frankfurt insgesamt sehr hoch ausfällt. Unter Heranziehung des stage model of self-regulated behavioural change (SSBC) konnte zudem aufgezeigt werden, dass sich eine starke Orientierung am Auto negativ auf die Höhe der Akzeptierbarkeit auswirkt, während eine regelmäßige Nutzung des Fahrrads höhere Zustimmungswerte für die Maßnahme hervorruft. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde weiterhin untersucht, inwiefern die bereits umgewandelten Radspuren zwischen der Alten Brücke am Main und dem Friedberger Platz im Frankfurter Nordend, eine Veränderung in der Wahrnehmung und Verkehrsmittelnutzung der Befragten begünstigen und somit auch wirksam sind. Dabei wurde mitunter ersichtlich, dass es seit der Umwandlung sowohl zu einer gesteigerten Fahrradnutzung als auch zu einer reduzierten Autonutzung entlang der umgewidmeten Strecke gekommen ist.
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10

Or, Etti, David Galbraith, and Anne Fennell. Exploring mechanisms involved in grape bud dormancy: Large-scale analysis of expression reprogramming following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587232.bard.

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Анотація:
The timing of dormancy induction and release is very important to the economic production of table grape. Advances in manipulation of dormancy induction and dormancy release are dependent on the establishment of a comprehensive understanding of biological mechanisms involved in bud dormancy. To gain insight into these mechanisms we initiated the research that had two main objectives: A. Analyzing the expression profiles of large subsets of genes, following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release, and assessing the role of known metabolic pathways, known regulatory genes and novel sequences involved in these processes B. Comparing expression profiles following the perception of various artificial as well as natural signals known to induce dormancy release, and searching for gene showing similar expression patterns, as candidates for further study of pathways having potential to play a central role in dormancy release. We first created targeted EST collections from V. vinifera and V. riparia mature buds. Clones were randomly selected from cDNA libraries prepared following controlled dormancy release and controlled dormancy induction and from respective controls. The entire collection (7920 vinifera and 1194 riparia clones) was sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis, including clustering, annotations and GO classifications. PCR products from the entire collection were used for printing of cDNA microarrays. Bud tissue in general, and the dormant bud in particular, are under-represented within the grape EST database. Accordingly, 59% of the our vinifera EST collection, composed of 5516 unigenes, are not included within the current Vitis TIGR collection and about 22% of these transcripts bear no resemblance to any known plant transcript, corroborating the current need for our targeted EST collection and the bud specific cDNA array. Analysis of the V. riparia sequences yielded 814 unigenes, of which 140 are unique (keilin et al., manuscript, Appendix B). Results from computational expression profiling of the vinifera collection suggest that oxidative stress, calcium signaling, intracellular vesicle trafficking and anaerobic mode of carbohydrate metabolism play a role in the regulation and execution of grape-bud dormancy release. A comprehensive analysis confirmed the induction of transcription from several calcium–signaling related genes following HC treatment, and detected an inhibiting effect of calcium channel blocker and calcium chelator on HC-induced and chilling-induced bud break. It also detected the existence of HC-induced and calcium dependent protein phosphorylation activity. These data suggest, for the first time, that calcium signaling is involved in the mechanism of dormancy release (Pang et al., in preparation). We compared the effects of heat shock (HS) to those detected in buds following HC application and found that HS lead to earlier and higher bud break. We also demonstrated similar temporary reduction in catalase expression and temporary induction of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin and glutathione S transferase expression following both treatments. These findings further support the assumption that temporary oxidative stress is part of the mechanism leading to bud break. The temporary induction of sucrose syntase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase indicate that temporary respiratory stress is developed and suggest that mitochondrial function may be of central importance for that mechanism. These finding, suggesting triggering of identical mechanisms by HS and HC, justified the comparison of expression profiles of HC and HS treated buds, as a tool for the identification of pathways with a central role in dormancy release (Halaly et al., in preparation). RNA samples from buds treated with HS, HC and water were hybridized with the cDNA arrays in an interconnected loop design. Differentially expressed genes from the were selected using R-language package from Bioconductor project called LIMMA and clones showing a significant change following both HS and HC treatments, compared to control, were selected for further analysis. A total of 1541 clones show significant induction, of which 37% have no hit or unknown function and the rest represent 661 genes with identified function. Similarly, out of 1452 clones showing significant reduction, only 53% of the clones have identified function and they represent 573 genes. The 661 induced genes are involved in 445 different molecular functions. About 90% of those functions were classified to 20 categories based on careful survey of the literature. Among other things, it appears that carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial function may be of central importance in the mechanism of dormancy release and studies in this direction are ongoing. Analysis of the reduced function is ongoing (Appendix A). A second set of hybridizations was carried out with RNA samples from buds exposed to short photoperiod, leading to induction of bud dormancy, and long photoperiod treatment, as control. Analysis indicated that 42 genes were significant difference between LD and SD and 11 of these were unique.
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