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Статті в журналах з теми "Hazardous occupations – Case studies"
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Dable, Rajani A., Pradnya B. Wasnik, Sunilkumar L. Nagmode, and Mukkaram Faridi Ali. "A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge involving a case of dysphagia in association with cervical osteophytosis and a dental pain." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 04, no. 03 (July 2013): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.118799.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTHerein, presenting a case of a 42-year-old female with the chief complaint of dysphagia. The problem was assumed to be of dental origin, due to the onset of dental pain followed by dysphagia. A cervical radiograph revealed the presence of osteophytic lipping which proved to be the cause of dysphagia. Confusing and overlapping disease entities showing similar symptoms need thorough investigation. Dysphagia related to cervical spondylosis may have a direct connection with the person′s occupation. Dentistry is considered a potentially hazardous occupation with regard to musculoskeletal disorders. However, additional studies are required to understand the occupational hazards faced by dentists.
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Soliman, Magdi R. I., Christopher T. Derosa, Howard W. Mielke, and Kofi Bota. "Hazardous Wastes, Hazardous Materials and Environmental Health Inequity." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 5 (September 1993): 901–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900511.
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This paper reviews issues associated with the equity of locating hazardous waste sites and hazardous materials. Reports and case studies indicate that hazardous waste sites and the locations of hazardous materials are disproportionately situated near minority communities, especially African-American communities. This inequitable placement of hazardous waste sites is of concern, since exposure to toxic waste can adversely affect human health. Proximity to these sites may place these minority communities at higher risk of developing cancers and respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases, and of incurring increased levels of individual and family stress. The health of persons in minority communities near hazardous waste sites is further compromised by their lack of access to adequate health care. The potential health risks borne by racial and ethnic minorities and by low income communities as a consequence of exposure to toxic waste constitutes environmental inequity. In order to decrease the burden of these risks, we recommend developing environmental policies that address environmental inequity; conducting detailed demographic and health studies that assess the impact of exposure to toxic waste on minority populations; and devising educational programs to sensitize professional service providers and prevent exposure by community residents. This paper identifies research needs and opportunities.
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Ahmed, Aref, Mohammed Alkahtani, Abdulaziz M. El-Tamimi, Husam Kaid, and Mustufa Haider Abidi. "Developing a Model for Safety Risk Assessment under Uncertainty for the Manufacturing Industry: A Case Study of Pole Factory Hazards in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (March 18, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6691124.
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Many occupational injuries occur in the manufacturing industry due to hazardous events. The available studies and statistics on occupational safety in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia demonstrate the need for improving the work environment by introducing effective techniques for analyzing and assessing safety risks to control the most hazardous events. This study aims to develop a general model for assessing safety risks by integrating Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and fuzzy set theory (FST) to overcome the uncertainty and unavailability of data on the severity and likelihood of hazards. MCS uses the ModelRisk software for modeling hazards that exhibit randomness and uncertainty and have historical data. In contrast, FST uses a Matlab code to assess expert judgment about hazards featuring epistemic uncertainty or unavailable historical data. The Al-Babtain Pole Factory in Riyadh was selected as a case study in the manufacturing environment to prove the applicability and effectiveness of the developed model. From the 371 hazards identified using the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series 18001, only five were analyzed using the two model techniques. The likelihood and severity of these five hazards were collected and analyzed to obtain the risk levels. A list of hazards and their processing priorities were then produced. According to the risk values calculated using both techniques, Hazard5 was found to be the most hazardous event, followed by Hazard1. The results of the proposed model demonstrated the distributions, statistics, percentiles, and risk limits for the selected hazards. These outputs support decision-making and increase the effectiveness and flexibility of safety risk assessments, which means that the proposed model is reliable and applicable for SRA under uncertainty and data unavailability in the manufacturing industry.
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Wu, Jiangyue, Guodong Xu, Haoshuang Guo, Yao Zhang, Fang Xia, and Gang Fang. "Study on Risk Assessment Methods and Zoning of Hazardous Chemicals Leaking into Seas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 14713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214713.
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In China, studies on the regional risk assessment of hazardous chemicals have been carried out for only a few years, and there are few studies on hazardous chemicals leaking into seas. Previous regional-risk-assessment methods considered a single risk factor for most assessment targets, and comprehensive considerations of risk sources and sensitive resources for a study area are not sufficiently included. Based on previous work, this study established a regional-risk-assessment method for hazardous chemicals leaking into seas. This method considered the hazards of hazardous chemicals and the tolerance of the regional environment by means of a case study in Tianjin. The results showed that the risk level of the enterprise was Grade I, classified as a high-risk source of hazardous chemicals; the main reasons were the strong toxicity and large quantity of hazardous chemicals. This method provides technical support for scientifically assessing marine-environmental-risk levels for hazardous-chemical-leakage areas and for carrying out risk-prevention and restoration assessments of hazardous chemicals leaking into seas.
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Pleus, Richard C., and Kathryn E. Kelly. "Health Effects from Hazardous Waste Incineration Facilities: Five Case Studies." Toxicology and Industrial Health 12, no. 2 (March 1996): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379601200215.
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Georgopoulos, Panos G., and Paul J. Lioy. "Exposure Measurement Needs for Hazardous Waste Sites: Two Case Studies." Toxicology and Industrial Health 12, no. 5 (September 1996): 651–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379601200505.
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Norredine, Doha, Kamal Wifaq, Loubna Tahri, Fadwa Darid, Meriem Jbara, and Abdeljalil El Kholti. "O-214 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS DURING PREGNANCY IN A PATHOLOGY LABORATORY CASE OF A PREGNANT TECHNICIAN EXPOSED TO TOLUENE." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction The profession of pathology laboratory technician exposes various risks, notably chemical. Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals during pregnancy can lead to foetotoxicity. The aim is to evaluate the work ability of a pregnant pathology laboratory technician. Methods To answer this request, an analysis of the state of health, a study of the workstation and exposure to hazardous chemicals and an evaluation of the physical load were carried out. Results A 37-year-old laboratory technician assigned to the anatomopathology laboratory’s sample reception room, treated for rheumatoid arthritis from 2020, 5 months pregnant and exposed to formaldehyde, ethanol, toluene and paraffin. Discussion According to the classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures, toluene is classified as toxic for reproduction, Category 2, H361. Occupational exposure to toluene may lead to an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, central nervous system anomalies and neural tube closure defects, cognitive and behavioral problems associated with developmental delays, including mental retardation, language impairment, and hyperactivity, hydranencephaly and other congenital malformations. These effects appear to depend upon the level of occupational exposure. Workstation modification was recommended with avoidance of exposure to foetotoxic substances. Conclusion Further evaluation of the potential toxicity of hazardous chemicals exposure is merited. Studies designed to clarify exposure effects, dose levels, and timing of exposure will be most valuable
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Tripathy, Tridibesh, and Anjali Tripathy. "Situation of Brick Klins in eastern UP - A case study of three Brick Klins." Cross Current International Journal of Medical and Biosciences 2, no. 8 (August 20, 2020): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijmb.2020.v02i08.002.
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The article is regarding the development of a project proposal of Purvanchal Gramin Seva Samiti (PGSS), Gorakhpur - a Diocesan partner of Catholic Relief Services (CRS), State Office, Lucknow on interventions in brick kilns of eastern UP. The Ministry of Labour, Government of India has categorized the unorganized labour force under four groups viz. occupation, nature of employment, especially distressed categories & service categories. Workers in brick klins come under the terms of occupation category under the unorganized sector in India (GoI, 2008). The unorganized sector plays a significant role in the economy in terms of employment opportunities & poverty alleviation. The sector has a crucial role in our economy in terms of employment & its contribution to the ‘National Domestic Product (NDP), savings & capital formation. (Vikkraman, P, Basakaran, S, May, 2009). The case study brings out the reality of the workers of brick klins, their vulnerability, social insecurity, potential health risks, migration issues & the hazardous atmosphere that they thrive in their day-to-day lives. Thus, one can gauge the importance of the enactment of various acts related to the unorganized sector, social welfare schemes for this sector & the role of Non-Government Organizations for the welfare of the sector.
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Carpenter, Rebekah. "RISKY WORK ENVIRONMENTS AND METABOLIC DISEASE: CUMULATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF BAD JOBS IN EARLY AND MID LIFE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0436.
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Abstract Approximately one in three adults in the United States have a metabolic disease or illness. Metabolic diseases and illnesses are particularly costly for older adults, often resulting from decreased human capital and increased health care-based costs in later life. Social contexts have been hypothesized to be a key contributor to later-life health; however, work environments are often understudied as a critical social factor shaping health over the life course. Utilizing new data from the Health and Retirement Study’s Life History Mail Survey linked to occupational work context data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), we examine how exposure to dangerous work environments over one’s working career relates to the likelihood of developing a metabolic disease or illness between the ages of 50 and 62. Results from logistic regressions suggest that dangerous work environment exposures, such as exposures to contaminants or hazardous conditions, are associated with increased risk of developing metabolic disease and illnesses between ages 50 and 62; however, these associations are dependent upon when in the life course people are exposed to dangerous work contexts and for how long people are exposed to dangerous work contexts. This study speaks to the growing need for understanding the role of occupations as an important social and contextual factor shaping population health. Specifically, findings from this study may better inform the development of social and organizational policies targeted at improving work environments in the US, thereby helping to reduce the risk of developing health-related challenges, including metabolic diseases and illnesses.
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Kim, Kisung, and Dongwoo Song. "Estimation of the Hazardous Chemical Leakage Scale Inside Buildings Using CFD." Buildings 14, no. 7 (July 9, 2024): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072094.
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Increased industrialization and aging infrastructure have resulted in leaks of hazardous chemicals, such as CO. Leak modeling is crucial to developing emergency response strategies. Therefore, we simulated the time to criticality (TTC), which is the time to reach the threshold limit for occupational exposure, of a CO leak. The basis of the study is a fire dynamics simulator, a computational fluid dynamics model that was used to investigate the movement of CO in various scenarios, including using different building layouts and areas, temperatures, and leak diameters. Multiple regression analysis was performed to obtain regression equations for the TTC as a function of the independent variables. Ultimately, we found that the type of dispersion varies with respect to the temperature-dependent density of CO, and, among the independent variables, the leak diameter had the strongest effect on the TTC. The regression equations with logarithmic conversion were validated and found to have higher accuracy than those without logarithmic conversion. The findings provide useful information for developing emergency response plans regarding leak size in the case of hazardous chemical leakage. However, empirical studies of different gas types and leakage scenarios are required.
Дисертації з теми "Hazardous occupations – Case studies"
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Klyde, Barbara. "Obesity and Workplace Injury in Hazardous Occupations Among the Hispanic/Latino Population." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1268.
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Over the past 20 years, adult obesity has increased in the United States, especially among the Hispanic/Latino population. In 2010, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Environmental and Safety News, reported that younger workers, ages 18 to19 years of age, worked in the most high-risk occupations such as agriculture, construction, fishing, and manufacturing. The reported fatality rates for these occupations were 5.6 times greater for Hispanic workers compared to other race/ethnicity groups reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2013. This study determined whether obesity contributed to workplace injury or mortality in hazardous occupations, using federal, state, and independent national databases. The independent variable was obesity, the dependent variable was injury in hazardous occupations. In addition, age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic level, educational level, and cultural context were used as mediating variables. The target population included all workers ages 18 to 65 years of age in hazardous occupations. Analysis of databases from NHANES, BRFSS, NIOSH, OSHA, and the BLS was conducted using descriptive statistics for frequency of the mediating variables' relationship to workplace injury. This study highlighted the prevalence of obesity in the Hispanic/Latino population and increased incidence of workplace injury in hazardous occupations, but found no significant relationship between the variables using the BFRSS Web Enabled Analysis Tool for linear regression and cross-tabulation. Establishing a relationship between obesity and increased injury for the Hispanic/Latino population in high-risk occupations for preventative measures will enhance positive social change within this underrepresented population in research.
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Hein, Misty. "Occupational Cohort Studies and the Nested Case-Control Study Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250795434.
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Nentrup, Randall. "Emergency Hazardous Materials Incidents: Case Studies for EPA Federal OnScene Coordinators." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1989. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8562.
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Jones, Evan Lewis. "Survey of household hazardous waste generation and collection preferences in the City of Vancouver, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29626.
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The potential hazards to the environment and to human health posed by several types of household hazardous wastes (HHW) and waste products are discussed in this paper. This discussion serves to lead into an evaluation of the design and operating parameters of a collection program for these wastes, and the influence that various design parameters may have on the ability of the collection program to remove the wastes from uncontrolled waste stream. A review of existing HHW collection programs and of surveys regarding HHW's is presented. A survey of over 200 households in Vancouver was conducted to determine stored quantities and generation characteristics of specific household hazardous wastes. Respondents were also asked to identify their preferences and concerns regarding the design of a collection program for these wastes. The results were used to estimate the quantities of HHW disposed of annually, and the quantities and profiles of wastes that could be received at a typical depot collection program in the City. Different operating parameters for both depot collection programs and household collection programs were compared. Public willingness to participate in different collection programs was evaluated, and the collection needs of different residential areas was assessed.
Significant differences in waste generation and storage practices were indicated to exist between types of dwellings, and between areas of differing economic status. Examples include the result that as many or more apartments residents generated HHW's as did detached dwelling residents, but in significantly smaller quantities, especially for liquid HHW's. Apartment residents also tended to store less HHW than detached dwelling residents. Between upper income and lower income detached dwelling areas, the composition of HHW's was significantly different, with automotive products more prevalent in the lower income area and paints more prevalent in the upper income area. Other differences between dwelling type and income level differentiated areas were also noted. Further observations included the difference in the willingness of respondents to participate in various types of collection programs, and the disposal practices for different waste types. Also, concerns of the respondents with regard to the issue of HHW in general and to each type of collection program in specific were solicited and discussed. Recommendations were made to assist in the design of an effective HHW collection program for the City of Vancouver.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Tang, Wing-keung, and 鄧永強. "Redevelopment of potentially hazardous installations: a case study of the Hong Kong and China gas works at MaTau Kok." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258426.
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Fuhrman, Sefla. "Women in Nontraditional Occupations: a mixed methods qualitative case study on women in the U.S. concrete-construction industry." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2323.
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The purpose of this mixed methods qualitative case study is to gain a deeper understanding about the factors that contribute to and/or hinder women’s participation in the construction industry by examining women’s experiences within one very industry-specific, male-dominated nontraditional occupation (NTO)—the concrete industry. In this study I utilized a combination of methods including interviews and survey research, as well as case analysis of an organization specifically involved with this population, the Women In Concrete Alliance (WICA). This investigation identifiesd some of the reasons why women’s participation remains low, discusses some of ways that the private, public, and educational sectors have set out to address those shortages, how women working in the field felt feel about those initiatives based upon their experiences, and what systems of support these women draw upon to remain active in a male-dominated profession. As women’s associations within NTOs are one relatively formal potential means of support for women facing occupational isolation, this study also examines different types of organizations to which women working in NTOs belong (e.g. membership, educational, advocacy, trades). I want to know in what ways the organizations benefit members; how the organizations support themselves or are supported financially.
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O'Keefe, Doris. "Career aspirations of young women in single-sex educational institutions." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63387.
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Silver, Vivian M. "Socialization factors and career aspirations of female and male students : a comparative study of students at Dawson College, Montreal." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63226.
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Flack, Larry A. "Nurse exposure to waste anesthetic gases in a post anesthesia care unit." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001579.
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Letsitsi, Ezekiel Tebogo. "Waste management in the pharmaceutical industry : an evaluation report of Dr Reddy's Laboratories." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001872.
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The pharmaceutical industry must worry about managing pharmaceutical waste as it poses a health risk to human beings and its presence in the environment can also contribute to loss of biodiversity. Ngwuluka, Ochekpe, and Odumosu (2011: 11259) state that “Pharmaceuticals, though used to treat and manage diseases, are poisons, which justify the growing concerns about their presence in the environment.” Various forms of pharmaceutical waste exist, Ngwuluka et al. (2011) identified the following forms of pharmaceutical waste: Expired dosage forms, non-reworkable formulations, spilled pharmaceuticals, rejected active pharmaceutical ingredients, expired active pharmaceutical ingredients, and wastewater resulting from the water used for process operations during manufacturing and could come from the water used to clean equipment, pipes and floors, and would contain amongst other materials, chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A review on the pharmaceutical industry and the progress they have made in environmental management by generating health, safety and environmental programs, preventing pollution, waste minimization, recycling and reusing materials, investing in projects and facilities to ensure environmental sustainability have been established (Berry & Rondinelli, 2000). Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories is an Indian based pharmaceutical company which imports, markets and sells medicines in South Africa. Dr. Reddy’s has plans to set up a manufacturing plant in South Africa. The purpose of this study is to research waste management practices at Dr. Reddy’s plant in India and to draw parallels between India’s and South Africa’s waste legislation. This is to enable Dr. Reddy’s to review all aspects of its waste management systems, in order to revise where necessary and to improve the overall achievement of its waste management objectives in order to become a more sustainable organisation and to meet South African Waste legislation before setting up a plant in South Africa. 3 ii. Objective of the Evaluation Report The purpose of this research is to evaluate and analyse the development and implementation of a waste management system in a pharmaceutical company, specifically Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories. This is primarily to enable the company to review and analyse all aspects of waste management pertaining to pharmaceutical manufacturing and to revise or improve where necessary to ensure adherence to waste regulations as outlined by government. The following research goals have been also been identified: To identify and describe waste management practices at Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, on the inherent assumption by the researcher that the company has a successful waste management strategy that would need to be reviewed to identify areas of improvement before expanding manufacturing facilities into South Africa. To evaluate, assess and compare similarities and/or differences between the identified South African Legislation for Waste Management with those identified during research conducted at Dr. Reddy’s iii. Importance of the Research Conducted Waste Management is important in that it not only removes from the environment, substances that can be harmful to humans and animals but it also enables an organisation to be more sustainable. According to Seadon (2010: i) “Integrated waste management is considered from a systems’ approach, with a particular emphasis on advancing sustainability”. The study will provide guidance to senior management, shop floor managers and employees who work in Dr. Reddy’s manufacturing plants as well as overall employees at Dr. Reddy’s on how to successfully implement a Waste Management programme to enhance sustainability at the organisation and realise the benefits to the organisation of being more sustainable. Weybrecht (2010) identified the following benefits that companies could gain by adopting sustainable waste management practices: reduced costs, resource preservation, keeping up with legislation, enhanced reputation, business differentiation from competitors, and attraction and retention of quality employees, and customer need satisfaction amongst many other benefits. This research needs to address the gap in analysing waste management practices (with more emphasis on waste treatment, waste minimisation, re-use, recycling and disposal), and implementation and understanding of waste management in the pharmaceutical industry as prior research was done mostly in other chemical industries and not to a large scale in the pharmaceutical industry. South African Waste Legislation, Indian Waste Legislation (as Dr. Reddy’s is based in India), as well as International Pharmaceutical Waste Management Guidelines, and International Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practices provide a framework and benchmark of leading pharmaceutical waste management practices that can guide Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories’ leadership into integrating their waste management practices into their plans of setting up a manufacturing plant in South Africa. 5. Research Methodology This is evaluation research in the form of a case study and the data collection method employed is the conduction of a survey through questionnaires. The evaluation research also involves a document analysis of the organisation’s 2011 and 2012 annual reports, Dr. Reddy’s 2010 Sustainability Report as well as literature compiled by the organisation’s Corporate Communications Division. The research would also include review of existing literature on waste management. v. Structure of Dissertation This dissertation consists of three sections. Section 1: The Evaluation Report The section introduces the research area, provides the objectives of the research, provides contextual background information and describes the rationale for conducting the research. This section further describes Dr. Reddy’s waste management practice as outlined in relevant company documentation; it is also intended to highlight the specific waste management processes that were followed in the formulation and implementation of the waste management strategy. This section further describes the sample and presents the results of the survey, where the results are collated and reviewed in the context of the criteria set in the South African Waste Legislation, Indian Waste Legislation, as well as in International Pharmaceutical Waste Management Guidelines, and International Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practices. The overall findings of this case study suggest that although management at Dr. Reddy’s are satisfied with waste management practices and results achieved at it manufacturing plant, there is however dissatisfaction amongst employees who believe the organisation has not successfully disseminated information and sufficiently trained them on waste management policies, processes and practices. There is therefore a desire amongst employees to be trained and to see the company improve on its waste management processes, this desire is a very important attribute as it indicates that employees at Dr. Reddy understand and are committed to the importance of waste management. Future research should be conducted to measure the legal impact of non-compliance to legislation governing waste management in the pharmaceutical company. Section 2: Literature Review The objective of the literature review is to provide a critical assessment and evaluation of previous research in the field of waste management in general as prior research was done mostly in other industries and not to a large scale in the pharmaceutical industry. The literature review evaluates the key elements of an effective waste management strategy implementation and is followed by a review of literature pertaining to the description of Pharmaceutical waste. Section 3: Research Methodology This section presents a description of how the work in this research was conducted. It presents the research process followed in compiling this case study, represented by the aims and objectives, research methodology and design, data collection techniques and data analysis.
Книги з теми "Hazardous occupations – Case studies"
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Blansch, Kees le. Industrial relations and the environment: Case studies. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1994.
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Organization, International Labour, and International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour., eds. Employers̕ demand for child labor in the pyrotechnics and fashion accessories industries in the Philippines. [Geneva, Switzerland]: International Labour Organization, 2005.
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Sachikonye, L. M. Child labour in hazardous employment: The case of Zimbabwe. Harare: Zimbabwe Institute of Development Studies, 1991.
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Third World Network (George Town, Penang), ed. Toxic hazards & the environement [sic]: Case studies. Dehra Dun: Natraj Publishers, 1992.
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Occupational health hazards in coal mine: A case study in West Bengal. Kolkata: Das Gupta & Co., 2009.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, ed. Brownfields Title VI case studies: Summary report. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1999.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency, ed. Abstracts of remediation case studies. [Washington, DC]: United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.
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Kaye, Lynn. Reproductive hazards in the workplace: Some cases. Toronto: National Action Committee on the Status of Women, 1986.
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A, Bonga Melinda, ed. Child labor in the Philippines: A review of selected studies and policy papers. Manila, Philippines: Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development, University of the Philippines, 2000.
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Cockerin, S. Robert. Case studies addendum: 1-8: Remedial response at hazardous waste sites. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1988.
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Antonsen, Stian, and Torgeir Kolstø Haavik. "Case Studies in Safety Research." In Inside Hazardous Technological Systems, 69–84. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429281587-5.
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Pharino, Chanathip. "Household Hazardous Waste Management in Thailand." In SpringerBriefs on Case Studies of Sustainable Development, 63–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4631-5_5.
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Valde-Nowak, Paweł, and Magda Cieśla. "Models of Raw Material Exploitation as an Indicator of Middle Paleolithic Mobility: Case Studies from Uplands of Northern Central Europe." In Short-Term Occupations in Paleolithic Archaeology, 105–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27403-0_5.
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Franca, Luíza Santana, Ingrid R. F. S. Alves, Isabelli Dias Bassin, and João Paulo Bassin. "Management of Hazardous Waste in Brazil: Reality, Perspectives and Case Studies." In Waste Management Policies and Practices in BRICS Nations, 315–24. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003007579-23.
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Speiser, Kilian, Kepeng Hong, and Jochen Teizer. "Enhancing the Realism of Virtual Construction Safety Training: Integration of Real-Time Location Systems for Real-World Hazard Simulations." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 155–66. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In numerous studies, virtual training for construction safety has been proposed as a promising approach. However, creating realistic training scenarios requires significant resources, encompassing various elements such as sound, graphics, agent behavior, and realistic hazards. Digital Twins have revolutionized this process, and although so far, on a conceptual level only, significantly reducing the associated workload, it is still not exploiting its full potential. In this work, we propose a novel approach that leverages Real-time Location Systems (RTLS) data to simulate the real-world behavior of construction workers and equipment within Virtual Training Environments (VTEs). We aim to create training scenarios with dynamic real-world instead of hardcoded made-up hazardous events. To achieve this, we propose an extension to our Digital Twin for Construction Safety (DTCS) framework that now integrates (a) trajectory data streams of construction personnel and equipment and (b) technical specifications of the construction site work environment, including location and geometry of terrain and surface objects, to simulate real-world hazards in virtual safety training scenarios. Our further contribution is a case study application to explore the DTCS training capacity. Applying a logical filtering algorithm, we can process the RTLS data and ensure that the movements of the workers and equipment within the virtual environment are as realistic and representative as within the real world. This then enables the creation of realistic hazards that trainees can encounter in the training phase. Preliminary results with trainees suggest that the proposed work can have a high potential to enhance the realism of safety training, especially when they need to experience human-machine-related interactions safely. However, further work is required to create more responsive learning environments where the equipment follows real trajectories but also responds intelligently to the trainees' actions. By leveraging real-time data and advanced visualization technologies, we bridge the gap between the physical and virtual realms, enabling trainees to interact and navigate within a realistic virtual environment
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Speiser, Kilian, Kepeng Hong, and Jochen Teizer. "Enhancing the Realism of Virtual Construction Safety Training: Integration of Real-Time Location Systems for Real-World Hazard Simulations." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 155–66. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In numerous studies, virtual training for construction safety has been proposed as a promising approach. However, creating realistic training scenarios requires significant resources, encompassing various elements such as sound, graphics, agent behavior, and realistic hazards. Digital Twins have revolutionized this process, and although so far, on a conceptual level only, significantly reducing the associated workload, it is still not exploiting its full potential. In this work, we propose a novel approach that leverages Real-time Location Systems (RTLS) data to simulate the real-world behavior of construction workers and equipment within Virtual Training Environments (VTEs). We aim to create training scenarios with dynamic real-world instead of hardcoded made-up hazardous events. To achieve this, we propose an extension to our Digital Twin for Construction Safety (DTCS) framework that now integrates (a) trajectory data streams of construction personnel and equipment and (b) technical specifications of the construction site work environment, including location and geometry of terrain and surface objects, to simulate real-world hazards in virtual safety training scenarios. Our further contribution is a case study application to explore the DTCS training capacity. Applying a logical filtering algorithm, we can process the RTLS data and ensure that the movements of the workers and equipment within the virtual environment are as realistic and representative as within the real world. This then enables the creation of realistic hazards that trainees can encounter in the training phase. Preliminary results with trainees suggest that the proposed work can have a high potential to enhance the realism of safety training, especially when they need to experience human-machine-related interactions safely. However, further work is required to create more responsive learning environments where the equipment follows real trajectories but also responds intelligently to the trainees' actions. By leveraging real-time data and advanced visualization technologies, we bridge the gap between the physical and virtual realms, enabling trainees to interact and navigate within a realistic virtual environment
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O’malley, Michael. "Occupational Skin Disease and Contact Dermatitis." In Case Studies in Occupational Epidemiology, 178–90. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195068313.003.0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A large number of chemical and physical agents cause either skin irritation or allergy. The constant interaction of skin with the external environment accounts for the fact that occupational skin disease (OSD) represents 40 to 50% of all occupational illness (Nethercott et al., 1986). Classic high-risk industries include landscape and horticultural services; forestry services; poultry processing; leather tanning and finishing; soap, detergent, and cosmetic manufacturing; adhesive manufacturing; and metal plating and finishing (Wang, 1979). The variety of work settings affected illustrates the widespread distribution of potential hazards to the skin.
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Schnorr, Teresa. "Video Display Terminals and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes." In Case Studies in Occupational Epidemiology, 7–20. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195068313.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Video display terminals (VDTs) were first associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in 1980, when a cluster of birth defects was observed among women using VDTs at the Toronto Star newspaper. This report was followed by a number of other adverse pregnancy outcome clusters, primarily spontaneous abortion, but including other adverse outcomes such as stillbirths, low birthweight, and preterm birth (Berquist, 1984). Three different hypotheses were proposed as possible explanations for the clusters: (1) physical stress (defined as prolonged sitting), (2) psychological stress due to the demands of the work environment, and (3) electromagnetic energy emissions (Tell, 1990). As of 1984, no epidemiologic studies of VDT and pregnancy outcome study were underway in the United States, and the literature contained little information on the potential hazards of VDTs. While physical stress, defined as heavy lifting, had been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (Mamelle et al., 1984), the association with work posture (sitting versus standing) had not been studied. There was little information about the potential effect of workplace psychological stress on reproductive function, although two studies had shown an association between a measure of occupational mental stress and premature birth (Mamelle et al., 1984; Naeye and Peters, 1982). No animal or human studies had been conducted of the potential reproductive hazards of electromagnetic fields produced by VDTs. These electromagnetic fields were of two types, ELF (extra-low frequency) and VLF (very low frequency). These two frequencies are in the lower end of the electromagnetiic spectrum, below radio waves or microwaves. ELF fields are also produced by common 60 Hz wiring in houses and appliances. Studies of the reproductive effects in animals exposed to ELF and VLF were just beginmng.
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"Case studies." In Recommendations on Measuring Hazardous Events and Disasters, 84–105. UN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/2ed1b21d-en.
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Asante-Duah, D. Kofi. "Selected Case Studies and Applications." In Hazardous Waste Risk Assessment, 165–262. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003070009-7.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Hazardous occupations – Case studies"
1
Thennakoon, T. M. A. S., H. Mallawaarachchi, R. M. D. I. M. Rathnayake, and Lalith De Silva. "ENSURING HEALTH AND SAFETY IN PETROLEUM BUILT ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF SRI LANKA." In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The petroleum-built environment is an important area of concern, which mainly includes refinery and storage facilities. Since its hazardous nature leading unexpected accidents and disasters, the safety of petroleum-built environment has become a vital requirement to eliminate the hazards associated with the petroleum process. However, a comprehensive study on safe handling of petroleum products in Sri Lanka is not reported so far. Hence, this study aimed at enhancing the health and safety in handling process of petroleum products in refinery and storage facilities. A comprehensive literature review was initially conducted on the petroleum products handling process, and national and international safety guidelines. Case study method was used since this study requires an in-depth investigation. Two prominent cases for refinery and storage facilities were studied to collect the data. Content analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that Factories Ordinance, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Guideline, Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) standard, and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Guideline are commonly considered in ensuring health and safety of petroleum-built environment. Further, the chronic deceases in lungs and heart, cancers, high noise generation, unwillingness to use personal protective equipment (PPE), bowser and wagon accidents, fuel fire risk, pipeline leakages, and water and soil pollution were highlighted as common health and safety issues in refinery and storage. Finally, various strategies were proposed to overcome the identified health and safety issues ensuring the health and safety of petroleum-built environment.
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Kornuta, Jeffrey A., and Eugenia Kennedy. "Review of Hazards and Assessment of Safety Features for Agricultural Equipment." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agriculture has been considered one of the most hazardous industries in the U.S., with studies showing that the worker fatality rate in agriculture is over seven times higher in 2011 than the fatality rate for all private industry workers. According to the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), many of the fatalities and injuries that occur each year are preventable based on the use of protective equipment. Hazards associated with agricultural equipment such as farm tractors have been known for a number of years, and safety features have been introduced to mitigate, or in some cases, eliminate hazards associated with operation of this type of equipment. This paper presents a historical analysis of fatal and nonfatal injury data to identify potential effects of these safety features once introduced. The risks agricultural workers face, with an emphasis on hazards presented by farm equipment, is identified and quantified from data in recent years, specifically for farm tractors. For context, an introduction to the regulations and industry standards relevant to agricultural equipment is given, including the introduction of certain safety features such as roll-over protective structures (ROPS), which have been an industry standard requirement on tractors manufactured since the mid-1980s. Overall, recent data show continual reductions in the number of fatal injuries in the agricultural industry, particularly for farm tractors. However, further research is needed to clearly correlate the specific effects of safety mitigation devices on injuries associated with equipment in this industry.
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Wasnik, Rakesh Vasant, Srinivasa Rao, Harendra Singh, and Faris Ragheb Kamal. "Process Safety Time Analysis for Design of Upstream Project Facility – Case Studies." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31752-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Detailed Process Safety time (PST) Analysis involves identifying various scenarios, comparing estimated PST with actual Response time to realistically evaluate robustness and effectiveness of Instrumented Protection System (IPS). This paper discusses the application of PST to provide cost effective design without compromising the safety and integrity of upstream oil and gas project facilities. IPS is one of the Safety Instrumented systems used to detect and prevent the potential hazardous events. Cost benefit of IPS depends on safety integrity level required to reduce the risk of undesired events to tolerable level. Main criteria to evaluate performance of IPS system is to compare the PST and response time by IPS to detect the deviation and complete the safe action. If the response time is lower than estimated PST (50 % PST), then it helps to realistically evaluate and mitigate hazardous events such as over pressurization scenario in low pressure system due to high pressure source. PST is determined by developing transient simulation model considering various operating and hazardous scenarios while Response time is obtained from vendor supplying the various components of IPS. The three case studies presented in this paper describes the method to estimate PST and its application in actual upstream oil and gas projects. Summary of these case studies is described below: Case Study 1: Identify the location of HIPPS.Case Study 2: Evaluate existing IPS for increased productionCase Study 3: Optimize the design by derating the topside project facilities. In Case Study 1, different options are explored to locate HIPPS and PST is estimated for over pressurization of low-pressure system. Based on PST and achievable response time, location of HIPPS is finalized. In case Study 2, Set Pressure of high-high pressure trip is reduced to increase PST, thereby helps IPS to trip high pressure source before it pressurized low pressure existing system. Case Study 3 presents the results of various option explored to fix the design pressure of the system mainly upstream and downstream of choke valve in well head production facilities.
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Wasnik, Rakesh Vasant, Srinivasa Rao, Harendra Singh, and Faris Ragheb Kamal. "Process Safety Time Analysis for Design of Upstream Project Facility – Case Studies." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31752-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Detailed Process Safety time (PST) Analysis involves identifying various scenarios, comparing estimated PST with actual Response time to realistically evaluate robustness and effectiveness of Instrumented Protection System (IPS). This paper discusses the application of PST to provide cost effective design without compromising the safety and integrity of upstream oil and gas project facilities. IPS is one of the Safety Instrumented systems used to detect and prevent the potential hazardous events. Cost benefit of IPS depends on safety integrity level required to reduce the risk of undesired events to tolerable level. Main criteria to evaluate performance of IPS system is to compare the PST and response time by IPS to detect the deviation and complete the safe action. If the response time is lower than estimated PST (50 % PST), then it helps to realistically evaluate and mitigate hazardous events such as over pressurization scenario in low pressure system due to high pressure source. PST is determined by developing transient simulation model considering various operating and hazardous scenarios while Response time is obtained from vendor supplying the various components of IPS. The three case studies presented in this paper describes the method to estimate PST and its application in actual upstream oil and gas projects. Summary of these case studies is described below: Case Study 1: Identify the location of HIPPS.Case Study 2: Evaluate existing IPS for increased productionCase Study 3: Optimize the design by derating the topside project facilities. In Case Study 1, different options are explored to locate HIPPS and PST is estimated for over pressurization of low-pressure system. Based on PST and achievable response time, location of HIPPS is finalized. In case Study 2, Set Pressure of high-high pressure trip is reduced to increase PST, thereby helps IPS to trip high pressure source before it pressurized low pressure existing system. Case Study 3 presents the results of various option explored to fix the design pressure of the system mainly upstream and downstream of choke valve in well head production facilities.
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Daniyar, Pamogsa, Edo Riyandani, and Vitri Widyaningsih. "Occupational Illness Due to Ergonomic Factors in Textile Industry Workers." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.46.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Adapting tasks, work stations, tools and equipment to fit the worker can help reduce physical stress on a worker’s body and eliminate many potentially serious, disabling work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Recognizing ergonomic risk factors in the workplace is an essential first step in correcting hazards and improving worker protection. This study aimed to investigate the occupational illness due to ergonomic factors in textile industry workers. Subjects and Method: This was systematic review. Articles were collected from Pubmed, Science Direct, Garuda, and Google Scholar databases, and grey literature. All studies that reported prevalence of MSDs and ergonomic risk factors in the textile industry were collected for this study. 45 studies were identified and 17 studies reported that occupational illness was associated with ergonomic posture factors. Results: Prevalence of MSDs in the textile industry workers was 46.43-81.0%. High cases were occurred in neck, shoulder, upper extremity, and upper and lower back. MSD was highly experienced by male, aged >35 years, and tenure 6-10 years. Work attitude (61.63%) and work station (30.67%) were expected to cause MSDs. Nordic Body Map (NBM) is used to measure MSDs complaints. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) is often used to measure work attitude. Conclusion: Textile industry workers are at high risk to experience musculoskeletal disorders. Keywords: occupational illness, ergonomic posture, manufacture workers, musculoskeletal disorders Correspondence: Edo Riyandani. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: edoriyandani22@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285745298622. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.46
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Zhbankova, O. V., O. I. Yushkova, and A. V. Kapustina. "DIAGNOSIS OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STRESS IN PROFESSIONAL RECRUITMENT." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-195-198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Introduction. Professional selection of workers in extreme occupations associated with increased danger and responsibility is an important task of labor physiology. The study of psychomotor skills under conditions of acute stress, the assessment of the physiological reactions of the cardiovascular system will determine the professional suitability of candidates for various specialties (technical or intellectual-analytical). Purpose of work. The study of diagnostic methodological approaches to assessing the professional suitability of persons in hazardous professions in psychophysiological professional selection. Materials and methods. Psychophysiological studies included the study of psychomotor skills, psychological testing according to the MMIL and 16 FLO tests, physiological studies of hemodynamic features in candidates with different resistance to stress (calculation of stroke blood volume - SV, MC blood minute volume and peripheral resistance of PS), professional analysis of the labor activity of workers to identify the requirements that hazardous professions place on the body of workers, Research results. In candidates for engineering and technical specialties, the tension of the circulatory system reflected high values of the average dynamic pressure (105.73 ± 1.45 mm Hg), changes in the optimal hyperkinetic type of blood circulation to hypokinetic: 66.7% of those examined with low resistance to stress. In candidates for communicative specialties, a sufficient level of physical activity contributed to the stability of the indicators of the cardiovascular system. Conclusions. Informative indicators have been established for assessing the professional suitability of candidates to perform official tasks in extreme conditions: changes in handwriting signs, peculiarities of psychological status (anxiety, conformism), hemodynamic characteristics
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Cavalli, R. M., S. Pascucci, and S. Pignatti. "Hyperspectral remote sensing data to map hazardous materials in a rural and industrial district: The Podgorica dwellings case studies." In 2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2009.5289026.
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Joseph, Olumuyiwa M., and Almoruf O. F. Williams. "Dispersion Modeling of Accidental Release of Propane and Butane: Case Studies of Some Locations in Lagos, Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211935-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper presents the study of the dispersion modeling of accidental release of propane and butane using three locations in Lagos as case studies. The first case scenario was an actual incident while the other two were hypothetical case scenarios. In this research work, the purpose is to predict and evaluate the dispersion behaviour of the accidental releases of propane and butane using the Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) modeling software, developed and made freely available by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), along with Google Earth Pro mapping software which is also freely available. The modelling approach is applied to three (3) different study areas in Lagos: Propane Tanker along Iju Ishaga Road, Butane Cylindrical Tank at ABC Refilling Plant along Ikorodu Road and Butane Spherical Storage Tank at XYZGas Terminal in Apapa. The overall modelling study is concentrated on three (3) different hazardous scenarios of interest – flammable area of vapour cloud, blast area from vapour cloud explosion (uncongested) and blast area from vapour cloud explosion (congested). The flammability (flash fire) and overpressure (blast force) hazards considered in this study were modeled using the aforementioned free software. Primarily, the threat zones generated by ALOHA for separate scenarios were mapped on their respective location maps in order to evaluate the location of the dispersion plumes. For the hypothetical release scenarios considered, the dispersion modeling results showed that the Case 3 (XYZGas LPG Terminal in Apapa) has the most impacted areas for the red, orange and yellow threat zones with respect to buildings, institutions, shops, companies, streets, roads, etc. For the first study area, the results predicted the reported impact of the damaging effects for the Scenario C release. For the second study area, the results show that no threat zones are generated for the uncongested overpressure of Secnario B release. The kind of analysis and results obtained from this study would prove beneficial to the emergency planners and responders such as Lagos State Emergency Response Agency specialized in these study areas to help minimize the impacts of these dangerous releases and plan for safety decisions and mitigation techniques to be implemented where appropriate.
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Rantala, Minna, Maria Lindholm, Sari Tappura, and Jouni Kivistö Rahnasto. "Criteria for Successful Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of the different kind of occupational health and safety risk assessment (OHS risk assessments) methods has become a standard procedure in the workplaces. A vast number of methods exist and some of them are even standardized. As an example, the prevailing practice in Finland has been to utilize the Workplace Risk Assessment Workbook, consisting of the hazard identification checklists and the risk matrix-based decision-making protocol. Even though OHS risk assessments are widely used in the workplaces, not much is known about the factors contributing to the success of the assessments nor are there definite criteria for a successful OHS risk assessment. Furthermore, previous studies show that often companies do nothing to assess the success of the risk assessments. In this study, a systematic literature review was carried out to determine the factors contributing to the success of the OHS risk assessment process. The research covers existing full text and peer-reviewed literature in Scopus and Web of Science databases. Due to the several and devastating accidents in the 1970s, which led to the need for international occupational health and safety standards, the literature review was extended to cover the past 50 years. References were loaded and duplicates were removed. All articles addressing the quality or success of the OHS risk assessment were selected. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) -flowchart was applied to describe the search process and the number of search results. In addition, the 16-item PRISMA for Searching (PRISMA-S) -checklist was applied when documenting and reporting the search. A complete list of the articles and findings will be presented at the conference. Preliminary results suggest that factors affecting the quality (including process factors and methodological factors as well as team and individual factors) of OHS risk assessment appear to be, for example, the design phase, the quality of the background information, the selected method, the identification of hazards, the accuracy of the frequency and consequence analysis, resources, the completeness of documentation and consultation and cooperation with relevant stakeholders. Some publications also adduced the importance of the composition of the OHS risk assessment team. Attention should be paid to the number of participants and how their knowledge and skills affect the results. In the literature, there were also studies from the early 1990s on the quality of risk analysis. (QUASA-method). It was suggested that the requirements for a safety analysis vary case by case and therefore the multiple sets of criteria are needed to cover all situations. The QUASA-method aimed to provide guidance for assessing the quality of the risk assessment process in different situations.
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JJ Knibbea, Hanneke, Marisa Onrustb, and Wim Dieperinkb And Jan Zijlstrab. "Analysis of a Transfer Device for Horizontal Transfers and Repositioning on an ICU: Effects on the Quality of Care and the Quality of Work." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new patient lifting device has been developed in close cooperation with the University Medical Center Groningen. This specially designed, transfer sheet (TS) for horizontal transfers and repositioning can stay under the patient at all times and is easily connected to a ceiling- or mobile lifter to facilitate quick and comfortable transfer- and repositioning activities which can be relevant in the complex environment of an ICU. Assumptions are that the device significantly improves the quality of care for patients and the quality of work for nurses. In addition to this, pilot studies indicate that the nursing time required for the transfers is significantly reduced. This, in turn, results in a decrease of occupational hazards and an increased efficiency and productivity of nursing work. Further research is necessary and this study intends to fill this need. In this paper the outline of the study is described (prospective, single center case study with a pre-post design in a clinical setting) and the first results. The post-intervention data are currently being collected and will be presented. The results of the biomechanical part of the study are available and indicate that the TS does result in a significant decrease in physical exposure for nurses by 1. reducing the physical load associated with specified transfers and 2. by eliminating the need for some specified transfers altogether. The effects are more positive when the TS is used in combination with a traverse ceiling-lifter system as opposed to either a single track ceiling-lifter system or a floor lifter.
Звіти організацій з теми "Hazardous occupations – Case studies"
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Slater, Jessica, Diane Archer, Connie O'Neill, Jenny Yi-Chen Han, and Fedra Vanhuyse. Air Pollution and the World of Work in Southeast Asia: Findings from Regional Case Studies. Stockholm Environment Institute, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Four independent research projects undertaken by researchers in Cambodia, Vietnam, Lao PDR and Thailand, aimed to improve the state of knowledge on air pollution and workers’ exposures in southeast Asia, focusing on both informal and formal labour in certain occupations.
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Sparrow, Kent, and Sandra LeGrand. Establishing a series of dust event case studies for North Africa. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dust aerosols often create hazardous air quality conditions that affect human health, visibility, agriculture, and communication in various parts of the world. While substantial progress has been made in dust-event simulation and hazard mitigation over the last several decades, accurately forecasting the spatial and temporal variability of dust emissions continues to be a challenge. This report documents an analysis of atmospheric conditions for a series of dust events in North Africa. The researchers highlight four analyzed events that occurred between January 2016 to present in the following locations: (1) the western Sahara Desert; (2) East Algeria and the Iberian Peninsula; (3) Chad-Bodélé Depression; (4) Algeria and Morocco. For each event, the researchers developed an overview of the general synoptic, mesoscale, and local environmental forcing conditions that controlled the event evolution and used a combination of available lidar data, surface weather observations, upper-air soundings, aerosol optical depth, and satellite imagery to characterize the dust conditions. These assessments will support downstream forecast model evaluation and sensitivity testing; however, the researchers also encourage broader use of these assessments as reference case studies for dust transport, air quality modeling, remote sensing, soil erosion, and land management research applications.
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Letcher, Theodore, Kent Sparrow, and Sandra LeGrand. Establishing a series of dust event case studies for East Asia. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47824.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dust aerosols have a wide range of effects on air quality, health, land-management decisions, aircraft operations, and sensor data interpretations. Therefore, the accurate simulation of dust plume initiation and transport is a priority for operational weather centers. Recent advancements have improved the performance of dust prediction models, but substantial capability gaps remain when forecasting the specific location and timing of individual dust events, especially extreme dust outbreaks. Operational weather forecasters and US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) researchers established a series of reference case study events to enhance dust transport model evaluation. These reference case studies support research to improve modeled dust simulations, including efforts to increase simulation accuracy on when and where dust is lofted off the ground, dust aerosols transport, and dust-induced adverse air quality issues create hazardous conditions downstream. Here, we provide detailed assessments of four dust events for Central and East Asia. We describe the dust-event lifecycle from onset to end (or when dust transports beyond the area of interest) and the synoptic and mesoscale environ-mental conditions governing the process. Analyses of hourly reanalysis data, spaceborne lidar and aerosol optical depth retrievals, upper-air soundings, true-color satellite imagery, and dust-enhanced false-color imagery supplement the discussions.
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Splitter, Gary A., Menachem Banai, and Jerome S. Harms. Brucella second messenger coordinates stages of infection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699864.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim 1: To determine levels of this second messenger in: a) B. melitensiscyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate-regulating mutants (BMEI1448, BMEI1453, and BMEI1520), and b) B. melitensis16M (wild type) and mutant infections of macrophages and immune competent mice. (US lab primary) Aim 2: To determine proteomic differences between Brucelladeletion mutants BMEI1453 (high cyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate, chronic persistent state) and BMEI1520 (low cyclicdimericguanosinemonophosphate, acute virulent state) compared to wild type B. melitensisto identify the role of this second messenger in establishing the two polar states of brucellosis. (US lab primary with synergistic assistance from the Israel lab Aim 3: Determine the level of Brucellacyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate and transcriptional expression from naturally infected placenta. (Israel lab primary with synergistic assistance from the US lab). B. Background Brucellaspecies are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause brucellosis, the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Brucellosis is characterized by increased abortion, weak offspring, and decreased milk production in animals. Humans are infected with Brucellaby consuming contaminated milk products or via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria from occupational hazards. Chronic human infections can result in complications such as liver damage, orchitis, endocarditis, and arthritis. Brucellaspp. have the ability to infect both professional and non-professional phagocytes. Because of this, Brucellaencounter varied environments both throughout the body and within a cell and must adapt accordingly. To date, few virulence factors have been identified in B. melitensisand even less is known about how these virulence factors are regulated. Subsequently, little is known about how Brucellaadapt to its rapidly changing environments, and how it alternates between acute and chronic virulence. Our studies suggest that decreased concentrations of cyclic dimericguanosinemonophosphate (c-di-GMP) lead to an acute virulent state and increased concentrations of c-di-GMP lead to persistent, chronic state of B. melitensisin a mouse model of infection. We hypothesize that B. melitensisuses c-di-GMP to transition from the chronic state of an infected host to the acute, virulent stage of infection in the placenta where the bacteria prepare to infect a new host. Studies on environmental pathogens such as Vibrio choleraeand Pseudomonas aeruginosasupport a mechanism where changes in c-di-GMP levels cause the bacterium to alternate between virulent and chronic states. Little work exists on understanding the role of c-di-GMP in dangerous intracellular pathogens, like Brucellathat is a frequent pathogen in Israeli domestic animals and U.S. elk and bison. Brucellamust carefully regulate virulence factors during infection of a host to ensure proper expression at appropriate times in response to host cues. Recently, the novel secondary signaling molecule c-di-GMP has been identified as a major component of bacterial regulation and we have identified c-di-GMP as an important signaling factor in B. melitensishost adaptation. C. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. The B. melitensis1453 deletion mutant has increased c-di-GMP, while the 1520 deletion mutant has decreased c-di-GMP. 2. Both mutants grow similarly in in vitro cultures; however, the 1453 mutant has a microcolony phenotype both in vitro and in vivo 3. The 1453 mutant has increased crystal violet staining suggesting biofilm formation. 4. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an abnormal coccus appearance with in increased cell area. 5. Proteomic analysis revealed the 1453 mutant possessed increased production of proteins involved in cell wall processes, cell division, and the Type IV secretion system, and a decrease in proteins involved in amino acid transport/metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid production, and iron acquisition suggesting less preparedness for intracellular survival. 6. RNAseq analysis of bone marrow derived macrophages infected with the mutants revealed the host immune response is greatly reduced with the 1453 mutant infection. These findings support that microlocalization of proteins involved in c-di-GMP homeostasis serve a second messenger to B. melitensisregulating functions of the bacteria during infection of the host.
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Esquivel, Maricarmen, Tsuneki Hori, Taichi Minamitani, Chitralekha Deopersad, Anri Hiramatsu, Mikio Ishiwatari, and Roberto Guerrero Compeán. Lessons Learnt from Japan and Latin America and Caribbean Countries in Management Hazard Resilient Infrastructure: A JICA-IDB Joint Research. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009373.
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The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region is one of the most disaster-prone areas in the world. Disasters have increasingly devastated the development effectiveness of the LAC countries. Had infrastructure been constructed with additional measures to prevent collapses due to natural hazard impacts, the region would have saved in the long run a significant amount of the public, private and human capital allocated to repairs and reconstruction. A key question is: what are the factors involved in preventing infrastructure collapse due to natural hazard impacts and how might these measures be implemented? This paper discusses the LAC countries’ sustainable infrastructure that has been shown to be resilient, continuing to operate without collapse even during hazardous events. The study reviews (i) the good practices for reducing vulnerability in Japan, (ii) the overall progress of LAC countries on disaster risk management, and (iii) the recent infrastructure damages due to disasters in LAC region and identifies lessons. Finally, using a comparative analysis of a selected case studies in LAC and Japan, the study identifies four approaches for hazard resilient infrastructure in the LAC region.
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Avis, William. Technical Aspects of e-Waste Management. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.051.
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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on the technical aspects e-waste value chains. The report should be read in conjunction with two earlier reports on e-waste management1. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. The exact treatment of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) can vary enormously according to the category of WEEE and technology that is used. Electrical and electronic items contain a wide variety of materials. As a result of this complex mix of product types and materials, some of which are hazardous (including arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury and certain flame retardants) multiple approaches to WEEE are required, each with specific technical guidelines. This report is structured as follows: Section two provides an introduction to the technical aspects of e-waste management, including a reflection on the challenges and complexities of managing a range of product types involving a range of components and pollutants. Section three provides an annotated bibliography of key readings that discuss elements of the technical aspects of managing e-waste. This bibliography includes readings on national guidelines, training manuals and technical notes produced by the Basel convention and courses. WEEE recycling can be a complex and multifaced process. In order to manage e-waste effectively, the following must be in place Legislative and regulatory frameworks Waste Prevention and minimisation guidelines Identification of waste mechanisms Sampling, analysis and monitoring expertise Handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage guidelines Environmentally sound disposal guidelines Management is further complicated by the speed of technological advance with technologies becoming redundant much sooner than initially planned. Case studies show that the average actual lifetimes of certain electronic products are at least 2.3 years shorter than either their designed or desired lifetimes.
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CAREC Road Safety Engineering Manual 6: Identifying, Investigating, and Treating Blackspots. Asian Development Bank, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim240274-2.
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This manual explains how to identify and address hazardous traffic blackspots in Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) countries to help save lives, reduce injuries, and support economies. Drawing on case studies, the manual highlights the importance of crash data and explains how to pinpoint and assess blackspots and how to adjust roads, signage, and lighting to address them. Designed to support engineers, police, and planners, it discusses how to prioritize locations in allocating funding and why tackling high-frequency sites is cost-effective as well as lifesaving.