Готові списки джерел за темами / Halide materials

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Halide materials"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023
Оновлено: 7 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Halide materials"

1

Karaman, Ali, Zehra Akdeniz, and Mario P. Tosi. "Transferable Deformation-Dipole Model for Ionic Materials." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2007): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-5-606.

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Анотація:
A model for the ionic interactions in polyvalent metal halides was originally built for chloroaluminate clusters using an analysis of data on static and dynamic structure of their molecular monomers [for a review see M. P. Tosi, Phys. Chem. Liquids 43, 409 (2005)]. Recently, by continuing the deformation-dipole model calculations, the transferability of the halogen parameters was tested through the calculation of the structure of alkali halides and alkaline-earth halides. In this work we test the usefulness of the deformation-dipole model in the study of ionic materials by examining the transferability of the overlap parameters for the halogen ions across families of halide compounds. Following a comparative discussion of alkali and alkaline-earth halide monomers near equilibrium, results on alkaline-earth halides are given. By using the transferable ionic potential model we also calculate the equilibrium structure of the molecular clusters, as well as the vibrational frequencies of ACl4 compounds (where A = U, Np, Pu, Am and Th).
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2

Han, Dan, Hongliang Shi, Wenmei Ming, Chenkun Zhou, Biwu Ma, Bayrammurad Saparov, Ying-Zhong Ma, Shiyou Chen, and Mao-Hua Du. "Unraveling luminescence mechanisms in zero-dimensional halide perovskites." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 24 (2018): 6398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01291a.

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Анотація:
Zero-dimensional (0D) halides perovskites, in which anionic metal-halide octahedra (MX6)4− are separated by organic or inorganic countercations, have recently shown promise as excellent luminescent materials.
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3

Ganose, Alex M., Keith T. Butler, Aron Walsh, and David O. Scanlon. "Relativistic electronic structure and band alignment of BiSI and BiSeI: candidate photovoltaic materials." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 6 (2016): 2060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09612j.

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Анотація:
Bismuth-based solar absorbers are of interest due to similarities in the chemical properties of bismuth halides and the exceptionally efficient lead halide hybrid perovskites. Here, we computationally screen BiSI and BiSeI and show they possess electronic structures ideal for solar cell applications.
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4

Lai, Yu-Shiuan, Tao-Wei Yang, Ming-Show Wong, Yi-Hao Pai, and Su-Hua Chen. "Water-splitting using photoelectrodes of titania and titania-perovskite halite composite films." MRS Proceedings 1776 (2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.434.

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Анотація:
ABSTRACTTitanium oxide photoelectrodes have been used for water splitting for a few decades, but have low solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies. Perovskite halides (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3) have recently emerged as an efficient light absorber system. We try to combine the two materials to create new photoelectrodes to achieve a higher efficiency for hydrogen production. The photoelectrodes are investigated for water-splitting hydrogen production under Xe light irradiation by photoelectrochemical (PEC) reaction. Since perovskite halides are favorable light harvesters under UV and visible light irradiation, the composite films of titania and perovskite halide would achieve efficient water splitting. The hydrogen production rate using the composite films is higher than that using anatase TiO2 electrode. However, the composite films are not stable in water under light irradiation and the perovskite halide gradually decomposes into lead halide.
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5

Li, Chonghea, Xionggang Lu, Weizhong Ding, Liming Feng, Yonghui Gao, and Ziming Guo. "Formability of ABX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) halide perovskites." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 64, no. 6 (November 14, 2008): 702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768108032734.

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Анотація:
In this study a total of 186 complex halide systems were collected; the formabilities of ABX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br and I) halide perovskites were investigated using the empirical structure map, which was constructed by Goldschmidt's tolerance factor and the octahedral factor. A model for halide perovskite formability was built up. In this model obtained, for all 186 complex halides systems, only one system (CsF–MnF2) without perovskite structure and six systems (RbF–PbF2, CsF–BeF2, KCl–FeCl2, TlI–MnI2, RbI–SnI2, TlI–PbI2) with perovskite structure were wrongly classified, so its predicting accuracy reaches 96%. It is also indicated that both the tolerance factor and the octahedral factor are a necessary but not sufficient condition for ABX 3 halide perovskite formability, and a lowest limit of the octahedral factor exists for halide perovskite formation. This result is consistent with our previous report for ABO3 oxide perovskite, and may be helpful to design novel halide materials with the perovskite structure.
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6

Mazurin, Maxim, Angelika Shelestova, Dmitry Tsvetkov, Vladimir Sereda, Ivan Ivanov, Dmitry Malyshkin, and Andrey Zuev. "Thermochemical Study of CH3NH3Pb(Cl1−xBrx)3 Solid Solutions." Materials 15, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 7675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217675.

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Анотація:
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite halides, and, in particular, their mixed halide solid solutions, belong to a broad class of materials which appear promising for a wide range of potential applications in various optoelectronic devices. However, these materials are notorious for their stability issues, including their sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen and moisture as well as phase separation under illumination. The thermodynamic properties, such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of mixing, of perovskite halide solid solutions are strongly required to shed some light on their stability. Herein, we report the results of an experimental thermochemical study of the CH3NH3Pb(Cl1−xBrx)3 mixed halides by solution calorimetry. Combining these results with molecular dynamics simulation revealed the complex and irregular shape of the compositional dependence of the mixing enthalpy to be the result of a complex interplay between the local lattice strain, hydrogen bonds, and energetics of these solid solutions.
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7

Oku, Takeo. "Crystal structures of perovskite halide compounds used for solar cells." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 59, no. 1 (July 4, 2020): 264–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0015.

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Анотація:
AbstractThe crystal structures of various types of perovskite halide compounds were summarized and described. Atomic arrangements of these perovskite compounds can be investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the structural models of basic perovskite halides, X-ray and electron diffractions were calculated and discussed to compare with the experimental data. Other halides such as elemental substituted or cation ordered double perovskite compounds were also described. In addition to the ordinary 3-dimensional perovskites, low dimensional perovskites with 2-, 1-, or 0-dimensionalities were summarized. The structural stabilities of the perovskite halides could be investigated computing the tolerance and octahedral factors, which can be useful for the guideline of elemental substitution to improve the structures and properties, and several low toxic halides were proposed. For the device conformation, highly crystalline-orientated grains and dendritic structures can be formed and affected the photo-voltaic properties. The actual crystal structures of perovskite halides in the thin film configuration were studied by Rietveld analysis optimizing the atomic coordinates and occupancies with low residual factors. These results are useful for structure analysis of perovskite halide crystals, which are expected to be next-generation solar cell materials.
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8

Slabbert, Cara, and Melanie Rademeyer. "Halide-bridged Polymers of d10Metals with Heterocyclic Type Donor Ligands." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089748.

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Анотація:
Molecular self-assembly of organic ligands and inorganic metal halides leads to the formation of layered nano-composite organic-inorganic hybrid materials. The formation of both ionic- and coordination hybrids is possible. Both of these materials have attracted much attention recently in the field of Crystal Engineering [1], due to the retention and combination of desired inherent properties of both constitutional moieties, which then renders these materials multifunctional with a wide range of potential technological applications. Properties attributed to the organic component include structural diversity and optical properties [2], with mechanical hardness, electronic-, magnetic- and optical properties ascribed to the inorganic component. The coordination of an organic amine functionality to a metal halide results in the formation of halide-bridged polymers coordinated to donor ligands, with reported properties including non-linear optic (NLO) behavior, magnetic properties [3] and electronic semi-conduction. Literature confirms the technological importance of these materials and identifies the need for research aiming at a fundamental understanding of factors that control the observed structural trends and to relate chemical composition and topology of these compounds to ultimately enable retrosynthesis from desired property. In this study, a range of different divalent d10metal halides are combined with different aromatic nitrogen-containing organic ligands. The effects of change in metal atom, halide atom, stoichiometry and reaction conditions on the structural trends in the crystal systems are investigated. The molecular self-assembly of the said halide-bridged polymers is initiated by simple synthetic techniques under relatively mild conditions, at the most, hydrothermal reaction conditions. Structural characterisation was done employing single crystal X-ray diffraction, while bulk composition of the samples was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction.
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9

Tan, Yimei, Ge Mu, Menglu Chen, and Xin Tang. "X-ray Detectors Based on Halide Perovskite Materials." Coatings 13, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010211.

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Анотація:
Halide perovskite has remarkable optoelectronic properties, such as high atomic number, large carrier mobility-lifetime product, high X-ray attenuation coefficient, and simple and low-cost synthesis process, and has gradually developed into the next-generation X-ray detection materials. Halide perovskite-based X-ray detectors can improve the sensitivity and reduce the detectable X-ray dose, which is applied in imaging, nondestructive industrial inspection, security screening, and scientific research. In this article, we introduce the fabrication methods of halide perovskite film and the classification and progress of halide perovskite-based X-ray detectors. Finally, the existing challenges are discussed, and the possible directions for future applications are explored. We hope this review can stimulate the further improvement of perovskite-based X-ray detectors.
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10

Kumar, Vineet, and Zhiping Luo. "A Review on X-ray Excited Emission Decay Dynamics in Inorganic Scintillator Materials." Photonics 8, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030071.

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Анотація:
Scintillator materials convert high-energy radiation into photons in the ultraviolet to visible light region for radiation detection. In this review, advances in X-ray emission dynamics of inorganic scintillators are presented, including inorganic halides (alkali-metal halides, alkaline-earth halides, rare-earth halides, oxy-halides, rare-earth oxyorthosilicates, halide perovskites), oxides (binary oxides, complex oxides, post-transition metal oxides), sulfides, rare-earth doped scintillators, and organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators. The origin of scintillation is strongly correlated to the host material and dopants. Current models are presented describing the scintillation decay lifetime of inorganic materials, with the emphasis on the short-lived scintillation decay component. The whole charge generation and the de-excitation process are analyzed in general, and an essential role of the decay kinetics is the de-excitation process. We highlighted three decay mechanisms in cross luminescence emission, exitonic emission, and dopant-activated emission, respectively. Factors regulating the origin of different luminescence centers controlling the decay process are discussed.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Halide materials"

1

RAY, ANIRUDDHA. "Synthesis and Characterization of Halide Perovskites and Lower-Dimensional Metal Halide Based Materials." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1046865.

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Анотація:
The goal of this doctoral thesis is to synthesize metal halide octahedra based materials of varying dimensionality and explore their intrinsic structure-property relationships while attempting to apply them in prototype devices. In Chapter 2 we found using our solvent acidolysis crystallization (SAC) method, 44% of methylammonium can be replaced with a larger organic cation (dimethylammonium) without breaking the 3-dimensional (3D) perovskite structure. We then employed different temperature-dependent studies to explore the implications of such a mixed organic cation composition on the structure and on the optoelectronic properties as well as on photodetector performance. In Chapter 3 we used the SAC process to fabricate lead-free 2D methylammonium copper halide materials. Here we found that tuning the halide compositions not only modulated the bulk phase and optical properties but also the finer structural effects such as vacancy positions and thermal disorder parameters. We connected these local atomic scale observations to the efficacy of ionic migration in these materials that also modulates their performance in resistive switching memory devices. In Chapter 4 we explored the structural versatility of Cs-Pb-Br based compounds by studying the connection between the nature and size of the solvated species and the precipitated 0D Cs4PbBr6 and 3D CsPbBr3 powders. Identifying the spectroscopic signatures of the species helped us select the appropriate solvents to obtain 3D-free Cs4PbBr6 that we studied for the first time using 133Cs and 207Pb solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. We hypothesized on the possible origins of the green emission in these 0D compounds and also studied their suitability for radioluminescence applications.
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2

Tomita, Hiroki. "Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Halide Complex Materials." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysikalisk kemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292153.

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Анотація:
Energiförbrukning är ett hett ämne i världen idag, eftersom världens befolkning fortsätter att växa. Som ett resultat ökar också den globala energiförbrukningen snabbt och utsläppen av koldioxid därmed, vilket påverkar global uppvärmning och klimatförändringar. Således kommer utvecklingen av förnybara energikällor att bli en av nödvändighet. Solenergi utgör en förnybar energikälla och uppvisar en enorm potential för att tillgodose det globala energibehovet. En solcell är kan användas för att omvandla solljus till elektricitet. Många typer av solceller har utvecklats under det senaste decenniet, och forskning för att förbättra effektiviteten kommer att fortsätta i framtiden. Material baserade på kopparhalogenidkomplex har uppvisat intressanta optiska och elektrokemiska egenskaper på grund av flera laddningsöverföringsexciterade tillstånd. Genom att kombinera kopparhalogenidsystem med organiska ligander med två bindningsgrupper, kommer komplexet att kunna bilda nätverksstrukturer i flera dimensioner och därmed effektivt kunna leda ström. Eftersom kopparhalogenidkomplex uppvisar unika optiska och elektriska egenskaper, är det värt att undersöka dem för användning i solceller. Syftet med examensarbete har varit att undersöka kopparhalogenidkomplex med optiska och elektrokemiska egenskaper. Kopparhalogenidkomplex med bidentatligander har syntetiserats och applicera som tunna filmer undersöktes. I kapitel 1 och 2 av uppsatsen presenteras bakgrunden och en introduktion av denna studie, samt de experimentella metoderna. I kapitel 3 beskrivs syntesen av kopparjodid-4,4'-bipyridinkomplex och karakteriseringen av detsamma. Applicering av det resulterande materialet på glassubstrat diskuteras också. I kapitel 4 beskrivs syntesen av kopparhalogenid-N-oxid-4,4'-bipyridinkomplex med efterföljande karakterisering. I kapitel 5 undersöks metoder för att applicera kopparjodidpyridin på koppar-folie och FTO-belagda glassubstrat.
Energy consumption is presently a hot topic in the world since the world’s population continues to grow. As a result, global energy consumption is increasing rapidly and the emission of carbon dioxide is also increasing, which causes global warming and climate change. Thus, the development of renewable energy sources will be one of the solutions. Solar energy is one of the renewable energy sources and has a huge potential to satisfy the global energy demand. A solar cell harvests light and converts it to electricity. Many kinds of solar cells have been developed in the past decades, and investigation for the improvement of the efficiency will be continued in the future. Copper halide organic complex materials have some potential for optical and electrochemical properties due to several charge transfer states inside the structure. By combining copper halide with bidentate organic ligands, the complex will form high dimensional network structure and will have electrical property due to the formation of electron conducting paths. Since copper halide complex has potential for unique optical and electrical properties, it is worth investigating for the further photovoltaic application. The aim of the thesis is to investigate copper halide complex material showing optical and electrochemical property. Copper halide complex with bidentate ligands were synthesized and the way to apply copper halide complex to films were also investigated in this thesis. In chapter 1 and 2, the background and the introduction of this study and the experimental methods are presented. In chapter 3, the synthesis of copper iodide 4,4’-bipyridine complex and the characterization of the complex sample are presented. The application of the complex to glass substrate is also discussed. In chapter 4, the synthesis of copper halide N-oxide-4,4’-bipyridine complex and the characterization are discussed. In chapter 5, the way to apply copper iodide pyridine to copper foil and FTO-coated glass substrate is discussed.
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3

Nariyan, Elham. "Halide Removal from Water by Novel Bismuth Materials." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/399435.

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Анотація:
Water is scarce and there is a high demand for water usage at different parts of domestic usage (9%), agriculture (70%) and industries (21%). The halides in natural and sea waters are typically of a ration of Cl: Br: I is 100-200:10:1, which means chloride is 10-20 times more than bromide and bromide is 10 times of iodide. Excessive halides-release into the water could be as a result of natural or human activities, for example, mining and produced waters from oil and gas industries could release a high level of halides in water. Removal of excessive amount of halides is crucial for human and living creatures. High chloride concentration could lead to destruction to aquatic lives (as indicated by A. maculatum and R. sylvatica), phytotoxicity, crop damage, corrosion of pipes, and other infrastructures (such as reduced electrode lifetime in hydrometallurgy). Iodide/iodine has some radioactive isotopes and contributed to the environmental disasters during the Chernobyl and Fukushima catastrophes. However, iodide and bromide even at very low concentrations also could bring up problems in health issues such as producing disinfection by-products (DBPs) during water treatment. More than 600 species of DBPs could be produced in the chlorination disinfections process, and some of the DBPs are known to be very toxic and their levels in water are so restricted. For example, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set limitations for chloroform and bromodichloromethane at 80 and 60 ppb, respectively. The best way to avoid DBPs production is to remove the excessive amount of halides before application of any kind of oxidation for water treatment. This thesis is focused on removal of Cl-, Br- and I- ions in water. F- is excluded because F- is much easier to precipitate out in comparison to the other three halide anions. Two types of novel bismuth-based materials have been developed for removal of halides at high concentrations (> 1000 mg/L) and low concentrations (< 10 mg/L), respectively. The high concentration halide removal addresses issues in mining industry, whilst the low concentration removal addresses the issue of drinking water quality.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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4

Harwell, Jonathon R. "Optoelectronic applications of lead halide perovskites." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16943.

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Анотація:
Hybrid perovskites are a new class of semiconductor which have proven to be an ideal material for making thin film solar cells. They have the advantages of flexibility, low cost, and easy processing, whilst achieving efficiencies competitive with monocrystalline silicon. Many of the properties which make them ideal for solar cells are also applicable to light emitting devices, and there is now increasing interest in their application for light emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers. This thesis aims to use a range of novel spectroscopy techniques to investigate the origin of these favourable properties, and to exploit these properties to produce high performance distributed feedback lasers. A detailed understanding of the origins of the excellent properties of hybrid perovskites is of crucial importance in the search for new variations with improved performance or lowered toxicity. This thesis uses Kelvin probe, air photoemission, and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy to probe deeply into the underlying physics of hybrid perovskite single crystals and devices. Using these techniques, we are able to produce detailed maps of the energy levels in a common perovskite solar cell, and we also gain strong insight into the underlying strains and instabilities in the perovskite structure that give rise to their elastic properties. The strong light emission of hybrid perovskites is then exploited to produce high quality distributed feedback lasers emitting in the green and infrared part of the spectrum. These lasers are observed to have superior stability, good thresholds, and many interesting beam parameters owing to their high refractive index. We explore a wide range of processing methods in order to achieve the lowest lasing threshold and the best stability. Finally, we investigate the properties of low dimensional perovskites and investigate their potential in optoelectronic applications.
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5

Demirbas, Erhan. "Investigation of lamp phenomena and lamp materials." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268289.

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6

Harrison, Richard Allen 1963. "Far-infrared properties of halide glasses by molecular dynamics." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277257.

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Анотація:
Recent discoveries of low-loss, far-infrared transmitting halide glasses have sparked much interest in extending fiber-optic technology into the infrared region. However, a far greater than theoretical loss has been observed which has slowed research in the field. For this reason, computer modeling of several halide glass systems was performed in order to develop a fundamental understanding of the relationships between structural and optical properties of these glasses. ZrF₄, ZrF₄/BaF₂, ZnCl₂ glasses and melts were prepared using an isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics algorithm. The infrared spectra were then calculated by Fourier transforming the dipole moment autocorrelation functions of the basic structural units. The more ionic ZrF₄ based glasses showed good agreement with experimental data, whereas the covalently bonded ZnCl₂ glass did not. Addition of barium to ZrF₄ glass was found to reduce high frequency modes of vibration in the glass.
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7

Xie, Sihan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Development of colloidal quantum dot and lead halide perovskite light emitting devices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130674.

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Анотація:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, February, 2021
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis. Page 139 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 118-138).
In recent years, optically active semiconductors, such as organic molecules, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and lead halide perovskites, have emerged as top candidates for light emitting materials. One key feature of these materials is their bandgap tunability, e.g. via size or chemical composition, allowing for their emission color to be turned throughout the entire visible spectrum. Thin-film light emitting devices (LEDs) based on these luminophores are promised to deliver the next-generation display technologies that are ultrathin and light, high-color-quality, and energy efficient with new form factors (e.g. foldable and flexible). In this thesis, we present the work performed to improve the understanding and performance of colloidal nanocrystal QDs and lead halide perovskites as visible luminophores in optically- and electrically-driven thin-film LEDs. First, we create an efficient voltage-controlled optical down-converter by operating a quantum dot light emitting diode (QD-LED) under reverse bias. Using field-induced luminescence quenching to our advantage, we show that a large electric field can strongly modify QD carrier dynamics, resulting in stable and reversible QD photoluminescence (PL) modulation. Next, we address the QD's toxicity issue by developing a synthesis of heavy-metal-free ZnSe/ZnS core-shell QDs with narrow spectral linewidth and high PL quantum yield. By employing these QDs as emitters, we demonstrate QD-LEDs with efficient and saturated blue electroluminescence (EL). Finally, we present a new way of depositing compact CsPbBr₃ perovskite thin films by thermal co-evaporation and demonstrate all vacuum-processed perovskite LEDs with efficient green EL emission. Our results show that evaporative deposition can be a viable alternative to solution-based deposition for fabricating high-quality perovskite thin films for LEDs.
by Sihan Xie.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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8

Chih-Hsiang, Yo. "The Synthesis Of High Surface Area Ti Sponges By Halide Conversion Process For Capacitor Anodes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1363107584.

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9

Deng, Zeyu. "Rational design of novel halide perovskites combining computations and experiments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287932.

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Анотація:
The perovskite family of materials is extremely large and provides a template for designing materials for different purposes. Among them, hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are very interesting and have been recently identified as possible next generation light harvesting materials because they combine low manufacturing cost and relatively high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). In addition, some other applications like light emitting devices are also highly studied. This thesis starts with an introduction to the solar cell technologies that could use HOIPs. In Chapter 2, previously published results on the structural, electronic, optical and mechanical properties of HOIPs are reviewed in order to understand the background and latest developments in this field. Chapter 3 discusses the computational and experimental methods used in the following chapters. Then Chapter 4 describes the discovery of several hybrid double perovskites, with the formula (MA)$_2$M$^I$M$^{III}$X$_6$ (MA = methylammonium, CH$_3$NH$_3$, M$^I$ = K, Ag and Tl, M$^{III}$ = Bi, Y and Gd, X = Cl and Br). Chapter 5 presents studies on the variable presure and temperature response of formamidinium lead halides FAPbBr$_3$ (FA = formamidinium, CH(NH$_2$)$_2$) as well as the mechanical properties of FAPbBr$_3$ and FAPbI$_3$, followed by a computational study connecting the mechanical properties of halide perovskites ABX$_3$ (A = K, Rb, Cs, Fr and MA, X = Cl, Br and I) to their electronic transport properties. Chapter 6 describes a study on the phase stability, transformation and electronic properties of low-dimensional hybrid perovskites containing the guanidinium cation Gua$_x$PbI$_{x+2}$ (x = 1, 2 and 3, Gua = guanidinium, C(NH$_2$)$_3$). The conclusions and possible future work are summarized in Chapter 7. These results provide theoreticians and experimentalists with insight into the design and synthesis of novel, highly efficient, stable and environmentally friendly materials for solar cell applications as well as for other purposes in the future.
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10

Weber, Oliver. "Structural chemistry of hybrid halide perovskites for thin film photovoltaics." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761012.

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Hybrid lead halide perovskites, AMX 3 compounds in which A = CH 3 NH 3 (MA), CH(NH 2 ) 2(FA), Cs; M = Pb,Sn; X = I, Br, Cl, display remarkable performance in solution-processed optoelectronic devices, including > 22% efficient thin film photovoltaic cells. These compounds represent the first class of materials discovered to exhibit properties associated with high performance compound semiconductors, while being formed at or near room temperature using simple solution chemistry techniques. This thesis is focused on the synthesis, structural characterisation and phase behaviour of MAPbI 3 , FAPbI 3 , A-site solid solutions and novel organic metal halide framework materials. The complete atomic structure and phase behaviour of methylammonium lead iodide is elucidated for the first time, including hydrogen positions, using high flux, constant wave-length neutron powder diffraction. At 100 K an orthorhombic phase, space group Pnma, is observed, with the methylammonium cations ordered as the C–N bond direction alternates in adjacent inorganic cages. Above 165 K a first order phase transition to tetragonal, I4/mcm, occurs with the unlocking of cation rotation, which is disordered primarily in the ab plane. Above 327 K a cubic phase, space group Pm3m, is formed, with the cations isotropically disordered on the timescale of the crystallographic experiment. The high temperature phase of formamidinium lead iodide, α-FAPbI 3 is shown for the first time to be cubic, (Pm3m), at room temperature using time-of-flight, high resolution neutron powder diffraction. Polymorphism and the low temperature phase behaviour of FAPbI 3 have been further investigated using reactor and spallation neutron sources with high resolution in temperature. A tetragonal phase, P4/mbm, is confirmed in the temperature range 140-285 K.The composition, structural and optical parameters of ’A’ site solid solutions (MA/FA)PbI 3 have been investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy and 1 H solution NMR. A composition-dependent transition in the crystal class from tetragonal to cubic(or pseudo-cubic) at room temperature is identified and correlated to trends in the optical absorption. Novel hybrid materials with inorganic frameworks of varying dimensionality from 0D to 2D, including imidazolium lead iodide and piperazinium lead iodide, have been synthesised using various templating organic cations and their atomic structures solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Книги з теми "Halide materials"

1

Bjelkhagen, Hans I. Silver-Halide Recording Materials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47593-4.

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Bjelkhagen, Hans I. Silver-Halide Recording Materials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70756-1.

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Bjelkhagen, Hans I. Silver-halide recording materials. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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4

NATO, Advanced Research Workshop on "Halide Glasses for Infrared Fiberoptics" (1986 Vila Moura Portugal). Halide glasses for infrared fiberoptics. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1987.

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5

Elbaz, Giselle Ahuva. Transport Phenomena in Lead Halide Perovskites and Layered Materials. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2017.

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6

Bjelkhagen, Hans I. Silver-halide recording materials: For holography and their processing. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1995.

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7

Silver-Halide Recording Materials: For Holography and Their Processing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993.

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8

Bjelkhagen, Hans I. Silver-halide recording materials: For holography and their processing. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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9

Glasses, International Symposium on Halide. Halide glasses: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Halide Glasses, held in Rennes, France in June, 1985. Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 1985.

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10

International Symposium on Halide Glasses. Halide glasses: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Halide Glasses, held in Monterey, California, U.S.A., 26-29 January 1987. Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Halide materials"

1

Bjelkhagen, Hans I. "Silver-Halide Materials." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 13–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47593-4_2.

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2

Bjelkhagen, Hans I. "Silver-Halide Materials." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 13–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70756-1_2.

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3

Bjelkhagen, Hans I. "Commercial Silver-Halide Materials." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 93–114. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47593-4_3.

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4

Bjelkhagen, Hans I. "Commercial Silver-Halide Materials." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 93–114. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70756-1_3.

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5

Gao, Peng, and Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin. "Charge-Selective Contact Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs)." In Halide Perovskites, 131–53. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527800766.ch2_03.

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6

Iniewski, Krzysztof, Wanyi Nie, Yuki Haruta, and Makhsud Saidaminov. "Perovskite Materials: Application Perspective." In Metal-Halide Perovskite Semiconductors, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26892-2_1.

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7

Bai, Sai, Yizheng Jin, and Feng Gao. "Organometal Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications." In Advanced Functional Materials, 535–66. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118998977.ch13.

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8

Bohn, Bernhard Johann. "Materials and Methods." In Exciton Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals, 67–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70940-2_3.

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9

Sattler, K. "Multiphoton Ionization of Sodium Halide Clusters." In Springer Series in Materials Science, 107–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83064-8_14.

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10

Ito, Seigo. "Inorganic Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cell." In Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics, 343–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35114-8_14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Halide materials"

1

Fenwick, Oliver. "Halide Perovskites as Thermoelectric Materials." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2021. València: Fundació Scito, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2021.109.

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2

Weiss, Victor, and Eliahu Millul. "Bleached Silver Halide Holographic Recording Materials." In 1988 International Congress on Optical Science and Engineering, edited by Werner P. O. Jueptner. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.950225.

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3

Saliba, Michael. "The Versatility of Perovskite Materials." In Sustainable Metal-halide perovskites for photovoltaics, optoelectronics and photonics. València: FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.sus-mhp.2022.008.

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4

Gudaitis, Giedrius A., Stanislovas J. Zacharovas, David B. Ratcliffe, and Jurij A. Sazonov. "New applications of silver halide photo-materials." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Yury Denisyuk, Ventseslav Sainov, and Elena Stoykova. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.676941.

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5

Weiss, V., Y. Amitai, A. A. Friesem, and E. Millul. "Silver Halide Sensitized Gelatin Holographic Recording Materials." In 6th Mtg in Israel on Optical Engineering, edited by Rami Finkler and Joseph Shamir. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.951039.

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6

Pangelova, Nina, Tsveta Petrova, Anton Katsev, and Marga Pantcheva. "Silver Halide Materials for Pulsed Holographic Recording." In Holography '89, edited by Yuri N. Denisyuk and Tung H. Jeong. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.963805.

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7

Kennedy, Michael, D. Trung, Franz Meyer, T. Buth, Detlev Ristau, Holger Schmidt, Joerg U. Korth, and K. Hamburg. "Aging of alkali halide windows." In Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1994, edited by Harold E. Bennett, Arthur H. Guenther, Mark R. Kozlowski, Brian E. Newnam, and M. J. Soileau. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.213766.

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8

Schroeder, John, and Luu–Gen Hwa. "Intrinsic Brillouin Linewidths and Stimulated Brillouin Gain Coefficients in Glasses studied by Inelastic Light Scattering." In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.thb2.

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Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering measurements on various multicomponent halide glasses and some selected oxide glasses were done. The Brillouin linewidth measurements, the Brillouin intensities and frequency shifts allowed the calculation of phonon attenuation, Pockels' elastooptic coefficients and the Stimulated Brillouin scattering gain coefficients. Brillouin linewidths obtained experimentally range between the limit of 52MHz for a BeF2 glass and 213MHz for a Zirconium–Barium–Lanthanium–Fluoride glass.1 The parameter obtained in the above study shows that the threshold power for the onset of Stimulated Brillouin scattering in some halide glasses is greater than that for silicate glasses, which has important ramifications as a selection criterion for halide based glasses as single mode optical waveguide materials.2
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9

Chamarro, Maria, Michal Baranowski, Victor Guilloux, Paulina Plochocka, Riu SU, Laurent Legrand, Thierry Barisien, frederick Bernardot, Qihua Xiong, and Christophe Testelin. "EXCITON PROPERTIES of CSPBCL3 HALIDE PEROVSKITES." In International Conference on Emerging Light Emitting Materials. València: FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.emlem.2022.033.

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10

Baran, Derya, Azimul Haque, Luis Lanzetta, and Luis Huerta. "Tunable Charge Transport in Halide Perovskites." In Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS). València: FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.135.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Halide materials"

1

Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Franklin Vargas Davila, Yunchang Zhang, Jon D. Fricker, and Dulcy M. Abraham. Workzone Lighting and Glare on Nighttime Construction and Maintenance Activities. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317379.

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Over the last two decades, an increasing number of highway construction and maintenance projects in the United States have been completed at night to avoid or alleviate traffic congestion delays. Working at night entails several advantages, including lower traffic volumes, less impact on local businesses, cooler temperatures for equipment and material, and fewer overall crashes. Although nighttime roadway operations may minimize traffic disruptions, there are several safety concerns about passing motorists and workers in the nighttime work zone. For instance, improper lighting arrangements or excessive lighting levels at the job site could cause harmful levels of glare for the traveling public and workers, which can lead to an increased level of hazards and crashes in the vicinity of the work zone. To address the issue of glare, the current report focuses on determining and evaluating disability glare on nighttime work zones in order to develop appropriate strategies for improving the safety of workers and motorists during nighttime highway construction and maintenance projects. Disability glare is the glare that impairs our vision of objects without necessarily causing discomfort, and it can be evaluated using the veiling luminance ratio (VL ratio). In this study, disability glare values were determined by using lighting data (vertical illuminance and pavement luminance measurements) from the testing of 49 lighting arrangements. Two LED balloon lights, a metal-halide light tower, and an LED light tower were utilized for the field lighting experiments. The glare assessment analyzed the effects of the lighting system setup’s parameters, such as the mounting height, power output, rotation angle, and aiming angle of luminaires on the veiling luminance ratio values (which is a criterion for limiting disability glare). The study revealed the following key findings: (1) an increase in mounting heights of both balloon lights and light towers resulted in lower disability glare levels; (2) compared to the "perpendicular" and "away" orientations, orienting the light towers "towards" the traffic (45 degrees) significantly increases the disability glare levels of the lighting arrangement; and (3) increasing the tilt angles of portable light tower luminaries resulted in an increase in disability glare levels.
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2

Caritat, P. de, and U. Troitzsch. Towards a regolith mineralogy map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study in the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian region. Geoscience Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2021.035.

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Bulk quantitative mineralogy of regolith is a useful indicator of lithological precursor (protolith), degree of weathering, and soil properties affecting various potential landuse decisions. To date, no national-scale maps of regolith mineralogy are available in Australia. Catchment outlet sediments collected over 80% of the continent as part of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) afford a unique opportunity to rapidly and cost-effectively determine regolith mineralogy using the archived sample material. This report releases mineralogical data and metadata obtained as part of a feasibility study in a selected pilot area for such a national regolith mineralogy database and atlas. The area chosen for this study is within the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian (DCD) region of southeastern Australia. The DCD region was selected as a ‘deep-dive’ data acquisition and analysis by the Exploration for the Future (2020-2024) federal government initiative managed at Geoscience Australia. One hundred NGSA sites from the DCD region were prepared for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, which consisted of qualitative mineral identification of the bulk samples (i.e., ‘major’ minerals), qualitative clay mineral identification of the <2 µm grain-size fraction, and quantitative analysis of both ‘major’ and clay minerals of the bulk sample. The identified mineral phases were quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite, hematite, goethite, rutile, zeolite, amphibole, talc, kaolinite, illite (including muscovite and biotite), palygorskite (including interstratified illite-smectite and vermiculite), smectite (including interstratified illite-smectite), vermiculite, and chlorite. Poorly diffracting material (PDM) was also quantified and reported as ‘amorphous’. Mineral identification relied on the EVA® software, whilst quantification was performed using Siroquant®. Resulting mineral abundances are reported with a Chi-squared goodness-of-fit between the actual diffractogram and a modelled diffractogram for each sample, as well as an estimated standard error (esd) measurement of uncertainty for each mineral phase quantified. Sensitivity down to 0.1 wt% (weight percent) was achieved, with any mineral detection below that threshold reported as ‘trace’. Although detailed interpretation of the mineralogical data is outside the remit of the present data release, preliminary observations of mineral abundance patterns suggest a strong link to geology, including proximity to fresh bedrock, weathering during sediment transport, and robust relationships between mineralogy and geochemistry. The mineralogical data generated by this study are presented in Appendix A of this report and are downloadable as a .csv file. Mineral abundance or presence/absence maps are shown in Appendices B and C to document regional mineralogical patterns.
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3

Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.

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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.
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