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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Guided wave devices"

1

ALFERNESS, R. C. "Optical Guided-Wave Devices." Science 234, no. 4778 (November 14, 1986): 825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4778.825.

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2

Bennion, Ian, and Tobert Walker. "Guided-wave devices and circuits." Physics World 3, no. 3 (March 1990): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/3/3/26.

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3

Becker, R. A. "Optical-Guided-Wave Modulators." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 8 (August 1988): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400064630.

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Анотація:
Planar optical-guided-wave devices have been in existence for over 20 years. Two interesting, informative articles can be found in References 1 and 2. Much of the early work in guided-wave optics was on passive devices, but this was also when much of the theoretical understanding of optical-guided-wave (OGW) devices was developed. This theoretical understanding applies to active devices as well. It's interesting to note that the commercialization of passive, glass-based guided-wave devices has just occurred with product introductions by Corning & Nippon Sheet Glass. Active OGW devices (i.e., ones where the light properties can be altered with an applied voltage) have been reported since about 1975. In 1985, Crystal Technology, Inc. announced the first commercially available product—a high-speed, efficient, intensity modulator. Throughout the ten years in between, a huge amount of technical literature has been generated. Most of the work has centered on the Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide technology although several other material systems have been demonstrated as well.Materials upon which optical-guided-wave modulators have been fabricated include: dielectrics such as lithium niobate (LiNbO3), lithium tantalate (LiTaO3), and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP); the III-V semiconductor compounds, gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP); and a variety of organic polymers. Of these materials, waveguides on LiNbO3 are clearly the most developed and are offered for sale commercially. For this reason I will concentrate on this material system while making comparisons to the other material systems when appropriate.
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4

Murphy, E. J. "Fiber attachment for guided wave devices." Journal of Lightwave Technology 6, no. 6 (June 1988): 862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.4074.

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5

Zhu, Wenqi, Amit Agrawal, and Ajay Nahata. "Planar plasmonic terahertz guided-wave devices." Optics Express 16, no. 9 (April 18, 2008): 6216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.006216.

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6

Wessels, B. W. "Thin Film Ferroelectrics for Guided Wave Devices." Journal of Electroceramics 13, no. 1-3 (July 2004): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10832-004-5089-8.

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7

Xu, Min Hui, Qiao Qian Lan, and Wei Jian Jin. "Method to Detect Bolting Devices Based on Ultrasonic Guided Wave." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1906.

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Bolting devices is very popular in industrial application, this paper presents a new solution aimed at the problem faced in detecting the construction quality. The solution is based on the engineering practice, and we introduce Ultrasonic Guided Wave NDT technology in the detecting process. Under laboratory conditions, Longitudinal Guided Waves are used in detecting the bolting devices, the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. At the same time, finite element method is applied into the Numerical Simulation of the propagation of Longitudinal Guided Waves in bolts, thus a test system utilized in detecting the effective length and defects of bolts developed.
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8

Scarmozzino, R., A. Gopinath, R. Pregla, and S. Helfert. "Numerical techniques for modeling guided-wave photonic devices." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 6, no. 1 (January 2000): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2944.826883.

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Okamura, Yasuyuki, and Sadahiko Yamamoto. "Evaluation of guided-wave devices observing optical scattering." Optics & Laser Technology 25, no. 5 (January 1993): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(93)90036-f.

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10

Hong, J., and W. Huang. "Contra-directional coupling in grating-assisted guided-wave devices." Journal of Lightwave Technology 10, no. 7 (July 1992): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.144907.

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Дисертації з теми "Guided wave devices"

1

Yurt, Nasuhi. "GUIDED WAVE INTEGRATED OPTICAL DEVICES." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1216%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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2

Fabrice, Martin. "Layer guided shear acoustic wave sensors." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251224.

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3

Graham, Alan. "Novel optoelectronic devices for guided-wave and free-space optical interconnects." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/180.

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4

Cortes, Correales Daniel H. "Elastic guided wave dispersion in layered piezoelectric plates application to ultrasound transducers and acoustic sensors /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10206.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 84 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84).
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5

Ramanujam, Nandakumar 1966. "Analysis and design of optical guided-wave devices for quasi-phasematched second harmonic generation and Bragg deflection." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282317.

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Integrated optics-based approaches to beam steering, beam shaping, beam collimation, and quasi-phasematched (QPM) second harmonic generation (SHG) of light offer significant advantages over conventional approaches based on bulk optics. The research in this dissertation addresses the analysis and design of optical guided-wave devices for both efficient quasi-phasematched second harmonic generation in diffused channel waveguides, as well as Bragg deflection of beams in planar waveguides. It is known that the normalized SHG efficiency depends on the linear properties of the waveguide through the overlap of the modal fields at the fundamental and second harmonic wavelengths. To analyze the linear modal properties, a fast and accurate modeling tool, based on an improved, semi-vector, Fourier method of analysis, is presented. The tool incorporates the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) and effective index methods to accurately determine the computational parameters required for the numerical calculation in the Fourier method so that automatic variation of the waveguide parameters is permitted. Using the modeling tool, the dependence of the SHG process on the waveguide parameters is investigated in detail, leading to waveguide designs with improved mode confinement, and consequently higher SHG efficiency. The phasematching characteristics of these improved designs are also calculated, and it is found that non-critical phasematching, or phasematching with wide tolerances to variations in the waveguide parameters, is possible in certain cases. The analysis of the waveguide-SHG process also indicates that efficiency can be improved by utilizing thin films on the waveguide surface to ensure that the peaks of the fundamental and second harmonic modes are coincident. This contributes to higher SHG efficiency through improved mode overlap as well, but it is demonstrated that this approach is clearly distinct from and independent of the mode-confinement approach. The analysis of planar overlays is based on recursion relations for the phase shift upon reflection at interfaces. The significance of this approach is demonstrated through the "matching" of the diffused waveguide to an independently-designed, multilayer overlay for the purposes of obtaining specific modal characteristics in the "integrated" structure. On a different note but incorporating similar approaches for analysis and design, beam shaping, steering, and collimation in planar waveguides, using Bragg gratings with finite area and non-uniform depth variation, are also discussed.
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6

Harvey, Eric J. "Design and fabrication of silicon on insulator optical waveguide devices /." Online version of thesis, 2006. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/2597.

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GIBBONS, WAYNE MICHAEL. "ALL-OPTICAL NONLINEAR WAVEGUIDE DEVICES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184212.

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The properties of all-optical nonlinear waveguide devices are investigated. In particular, the nonlinear directional coupler (NLDC) and nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer (NLMZ) are analyzed using perturbation theory. The perturbation theory provides differential equations that describe the amplitude of the waveguide modes as a function of the propagation distance. To be practical, these waveguide devices require nonlinear phase shifts of π or more. Therefore, the theoretical investigation of these devices emphasizes their fabrication in bulk and multiple-quantum-well (MQW) gallium arsenide (GaAs). For the first time, absorption, carrier diffusion, and thermal effects are included in the theoretical investigation of the NLMZ and NLDC. The nonlinear dependence of the coupling terms, which has been neglected in all previous work, is shown to be significant for semiconductor based NLDC's. The effects of carrier diffusion on the nonlinear response of a GaAs waveguide is demonstrated using a self-consistent numerical method. The effects are heavily dependent on the waveguide geometry, and, therefore, should be included in the analysis of nonlinear semiconductor waveguide devices. However, if the diffusion length is large compared to the mode width, carrier diffusion simplifies the investigation since the nonlinear absorption and index change are uniform across the mode. This important conclusion is used in the models for the NLMZ and NLDC. The theoretical models predict the NLMZ and NLDC should work in bulk and MQW GaAs. To demonstrate that the required nonlinear phase shifts for the NLMZ and NLDC are indeed possible in bulk and MQW GaAs, the first experimental observation of electronic optical bistability in a MQW GaAs strip-loaded waveguide is recounted. This original research illustrated that phase shifts in excess of 2π are possible in MQW GaAs waveguides and, therefore, the future of all-optical waveguide devices in semiconductors is optimistic.
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8

An, Dechang. "Electro-optic polymer-based monolithic waveguide devices with multi-functions of amplification switching and modulation." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035933.

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9

Chiang, Huihua Kenny. "AlGaAs waveguide switching devices : experimental techniques and theoretical analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15057.

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10

Ogah, Oshoriamhe F. "Free-carrier effects in polycrystalline silicon-on-insulator photonic devices /." Online version of thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11979.

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Книги з теми "Guided wave devices"

1

Mickelson, Alan Rolf. Guided Wave Optics. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993.

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2

Chang, William S. C. Fundamentals of guided-wave optoelectronic devices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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3

1927-, Tamir Theodor, and Alferness R. C, eds. Guided-wave optoelectronics. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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4

1927-, Tamir Theodor, and Alferness R. C, eds. Guided-wave optoelectronics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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5

Tamir, Theodor. Guided-Wave Optoelectronics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988.

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6

1937-, Cozens J. R., ed. Optical guided waves and devices. London: McGraw-Hill, 1992.

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7

S, Tsai Chen, ed. Guided-wave acousto-optics: Interactions, devices, and applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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8

P, Huang W., ed. Methods for modeling and simulation of guided-wave optoelectronic devices. Cambridge, MA: EMW Publishing, 1995.

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9

T, Tamir, Griffel Giora, and Bertoni Henry L, eds. Guided-wave optoelectronics: Device characterization, analysis, and design. New York: Plenum Press, 1995.

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10

1927-, Tamir Theodor, Griffel Giora, Bertoni Henry L, and Weber Research Institute International Symposium on Guided-Wave Optoelectronics: Device Characterization, Analysis, and Design (4th : 1994 : Brooklyn, N.Y.), eds. Guided-wave optoelectronics: Device characterization, analysis, and design. New York: Plenum Press, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Guided wave devices"

1

Montrosset, Ivo, Paul M. Lambkin, and Guido Perrone. "Modeling of Guided Wave Devices." In Guided Wave Nonlinear Optics, 113–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2536-9_8.

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2

Assanto, Gaetano. "Third Order Nonlinear Integrated Devices." In Guided Wave Nonlinear Optics, 257–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2536-9_15.

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3

Leonberger, Fred J., and Robert W. Ade. "Development and Applications of Commercial LiNbO3 Guided-Wave Devices." In Guided-Wave Optoelectronics, 5–7. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1039-4_3.

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4

Doran, N. J. "Nonlinear Fibre Devices and Soliton Communications." In Guided Wave Nonlinear Optics, 535–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2536-9_24.

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5

Stegeman, George I., Ray Zanoni, K. Rochford, and Colin T. Seaton. "Third-Order Nonlinear Guided-Wave Devices." In Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, 257–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2295-2_21.

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6

Stegeman, George, Roland Schiek, Gijs Krijnen, William Torruellas, Mike Sundheimer, Eric VanStryland, Curtis Menyuk, Lluis Torner, and Gaetano Assanto. "Cascading: Modelling a New Route to Large Optical Nonlinearities and All-Optical Devices." In Guided-Wave Optoelectronics, 371–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1039-4_44.

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7

Robson, P. N. "GaAs/GaAlAs Multiple Quantum Well Nonlinear Guided Wave Devices." In Guided Wave Nonlinear Optics, 231–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2536-9_14.

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8

Bennion, Ian, and Martin J. Goodwin. "Third-order nonlinear guided-wave optical devices." In Nonlinear Optics in Signal Processing, 286–321. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1560-5_8.

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9

Gee, C. M., R. J. Morrison, G. D. Thurmond, and H. W. Yen. "Characteristics and Applications of Wideband Guided-Wave Devices." In Picosecond Electronics and Optoelectronics II, 261–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72970-6_57.

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10

Batchman, T. E., and R. F. Carson. "Periodic Coupling in Dielectric/Semiconductor Guided-Wave Bistable Devices." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 102–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46580-2_29.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Guided wave devices"

1

Proklov, Valery V., and E. M. Korablev. "Multichannel waveguide devices using collinear acousto-optic interaction." In Guided Wave Optics, edited by Alexander M. Prokhorov and Evgeny M. Zolotov. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.145591.

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2

Möhlmann, G. R., W. H. G. Horsthuis, M. B. J. Diemeer, F. M. M. Suyten, E. S. Trommel, A. McDonach, and N. McFadyen. "Optically Nonlinear Polymers in Guided Wave Electro-Optic Devices." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1989.fb4.

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Optically nonlinear polymers are attractive materials to be applied as active media in electro-optic devices. Polymeric multilayer structures, including an optically nonlinear waveguiding core, sandwiched between cladding layers and electrodes, have been produced. Monomode waveguides have been defined in the core of such multilayer structures. After electric field poling (156 V/µm) of the polymer core, r33 values up to 28 pm/V have been measured; to our knowledge the highest reported value thus far for an off-resonance electro-optic effect in polymers. Some devices have been made and tested. It may be expected that poling at higher field strengths will increase the polymeric device efficiency.
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3

Sotsky, Alexander B., Luidmila I. Sotskaya, and V. I. Sivucha. "Theory of planar electrode systems for integrated-optic devices." In Guided Wave Optics, edited by Alexander M. Prokhorov and Evgeny M. Zolotov. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.145590.

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4

Nayar, B. K., N. Finlayson, and N. J. Doran. "Nonlinear Polarisation Effects in Self-Switching Nonlinear Fibre Loop Mirror Devices." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1991.wa6.

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The nonlinear fibre loop mirror (NOLM) has been shown to be a versatile device for all-optical switching [1], ultrafast multiplexing/demultiplexing [2], logic applications [3], pulse shaping [4] and passive mode-locking for fibre lasers [5]. Initially, the NOLM devices were fabricated using polarisation-maintaining fibres due to concerns about polarisation stability. This can be particularly significant in self switching devices due to differential nonlinear polarisation rotation arising from the unequal powers in the counter-propagating signals. However, the use of polarisation-maintaining fibres is not attractive as coupler fabrication is difficult and a higher loss results when splicing to standard fibres. Recently, stable operation of a dual-wavelength NOLM ultrafast multiplexer/demultiplexer has been demonstrated using 6.4 km long standard telecommunication fibre [6]. In this paper we present experimental results on nonlinear polarisation effects in a self-switching NOLM fabricated from a standard telecommunication fibre.
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5

Blow, K. J. "All-Optical Switching in Optical Fibre Devices." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1991.wa1.

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A number of fibre based devices have been shown to be capable of performing all-optical switching. These include, polarisation discriminators [1], Mach-Zehnder interferometers [2], Sagnac interferometers [3] and coherent couplers [4]. The crucial feature common to these devices is the existence of two modes which can propagate independently in the linear regime. Polarisation based devices and couplers are described by a simple set of coupled equations which can either be in terms of the local modes (mode of a single core for the coupler, circular modes for polarisation) or the global (true) modes (symmetric and antisymmetric modes of the coupler, linear modes for polarisation). The latter choice exemplifies the connection with the interferometer based devices since the linear coupling operation is described in terms of the beating of the true modes in much the same way as the linear properties of the interferometer are described in terms of the beating between the fields in the two arms.
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6

Seaton, C. T. "Overview of Nonlinear Optical Guided-Wave Devices." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1989.thc1.

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The characteristics of high power density created by moderate powers in small cross-sectional areas and diffractionless propagation over long interaction lengths make waveguides attractive for implementing efficient nonlinear optical devices. Integrated optical devices can be used in an all-optical mode by introducing waveguide media with intensity dependent refractive indices.
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7

Beaumont, A. R., B. E. Daymond-John, W. A. Stallard, and R. C. Booth. "Nondestructive technique for rapidly assessing the stability of lithium niobate electrooptic waveguide devices." In Integrated and Guided Wave Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1986.faa2.

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Lithium niobate optical waveguide devices are currently being investigated for use in advanced optical fiber transmission and sensor systems.1 In many of these systems it is necessary to apply a constant bias voltage to the LiNbO3 device. However, the performance of these devices can some-times be limited by an electric field-induced temporal instability or drift.2,3
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8

Ziolkowski, Richard W., and Justin B. Judkins. "NL-FDTD Modeling of Linear and Nonlinear Corrugated Waveguidess." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1993.md.21.

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With the continuing and heightened interest in linear and nonlinear semiconductor and optically integrated devices, more accurate and realistic numerical simulations of these devices and systems are in demand. Such calculations provide a testbed in which one can investigate new basic and engineering concepts, materials, and device configurations before they are fabricated. The time from device conceptualization to fabrication and testing should therefore be enormously improved with numerical simulations that incorporate more realistic models of the linear and nonlinear material responses and the actual device geometries. It is felt that vector and higher dimensional properties of Maxwell’s equations that are not currently included in existing scalar models, in addition to more detailed materials models, may significantly impact the scientific and engineering results.
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9

Becker, R. A. "Impact of material parameters on LiNbO3 waveguide devices." In Integrated and Guided Wave Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1986.faa1.

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The formation of optical waveguides in LiNbO3 by indiffusion of titanium was first demonstrated in 1973, and since then many laboratories have actively pursued this technology. However, the usability of Ti-indiffused LiNbO3 devices in signal-processing and sensor applications has been compromised due to photorefractive effects which occur in the otherwise advantageous visible and near-IR regions of the optical spectrum. These effects cause unacceptable instabilities in the devices. The dominant effect in LiNbO3, when exposed to high-intensity radiation, is the photoionization of iron impurities in the Fe2+ state to the Fe3+ state, creating a mobile electron which drifts preferentially in the +z(+c) direction (photovoltaic effect). The mobile electron drifts out of the illuminated region and is trapped, thus setting up an internal electric field. This electric field perturbs the refractive index of the illuminated region through the electrooptic effect and changes the phase velocity of the propagating light.1 The results of these two types of photorefractive effect depend on wavelength and optical power. Degradation in device properties ranges from a slow drift in the optical index of the waveguide to large losses because of light being scattered out of the waveguide. We will discuss methods of evaluating these effects2,3 and relate them to device performance.
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10

Nayar, B. K., N. J. Doran, and D. S. Forrester. "Nonlinear Optical Response of an Optical Fibre Loop Mirror Device." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1989.fd7.

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The advantages of all optical signal processing for high bit rate systems are increasingly being recognised and have stimulated interest in the demonstration of all-optical switching and logic operations. In particular optical fibres have been used to demonstrate optical switching by nonlinear polarisation rotation{1−3}, in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration{4} and through nonlinear coupling{5}. Optical fibres are preferred as they permit ultrafast switching (the intensity dependent index change, n2, originates from nonresonant electronic process), have low loss, and can be used to fabricate all fibre devices. Otsuka{6} has proposed a nonlinear antiresonant ring interferometer for realisation of several optical functional devices. An all optical fibre loop mirror is a guided wave version of this device and has the advantage that it requires no interferometric alignment. Doran et al{7} have theoretically investigated nonlinear properties of this device and in this paper we report first experimental demonstration of the nonlinear response of such a device.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Guided wave devices"

1

OPTECH LAB CANOGA PARK CA. Guided-Wave TeO2 Acousto-Optic Devices. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251865.

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2

Quarry, Mike. PR-462-143703-R01 Development and Evaluation of Guided Wave Structural Health Monitoring for Buried Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011594.

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Excavations to inspect buried piping are often costly and risk damaging other plant assets during the digging. Some utilities have used permanently installed guided wave sensors to monitor piping condition and reduce the excavations. The project that is the subject of this report has two objectives-to evaluate the current state-of-the-art and to create a test bed for vendors to improve their technology and data analysis algorithms. Understanding the state-of-the-art will enable utilities to effectively use guided wave structural health monitoring in support of their underground piping aging management plans and their license renewal activities. Guided wave effectiveness in buried pipe applications depends on many variables, including coating, backfill, temperature, soil moisture, and environmental noise. An important aspect of monitoring is the effectiveness of data analysis algorithms in distinguishing changes in data due to damage to the pipe wall from those resulting from the environment. A buried mockup was constructed with common coatings and backfills, and two vendors installed commercially available guided wave systems. An initial flaw set was initiated in the mockup. Then, about every three months, holes were dug to modify some existing flaws, initiate new flaws, and leave some unchanged. Data were collected over a timeframe that included all four seasons. Damage was generally initiated with grinding tools to produce irregular shapes and sizes and to simulate corrosion. Flaws were characterized with a structured white light camera technology. Flaw information was kept confidential from the vendors until all data were complete and vendors had provided their assessment of the mockup at each stage. After the results were reviewed with the vendors, the flaw information at each stage was provided to the vendors for continued development of their technology. This enables the vendors to conduct lessons learned and improve their procedures, data analysis algorithms, and hardware designs. Utility operators can use the results of this report to better apply guided wave structural health monitoring technology. Benefits will also result from lessons learned and improvements by vendors. It is better for vendors to learn about needed improvements and data analysis through a test bed than to find them out in the field. The buried pipe mockup also provides a potential test bed for future studies and evaluations of structural health monitoring technologies or in-line pipe devices.
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3

Tamir, Theodor, Giora Griffel, and Henry L. Bertoni. Guided-Wave Optoelectronics: Device Characterization, Analysis, and Design. International Symposium Proceedings Held in Brooklyn, NY on October 26 - 28, 1994. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300566.

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4

Aerodynamic Development of the GAC ENO.146 Concept. SAE International, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-5093.

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This paper describes the aerodynamic development process and features of the flow field of the GAC ENO.146, a concept vehicle shown in Guangzhou Auto Show 2019, which achieved a CD of 0.146. Key factors in the design process, including how design decisions are made and how the interactions occur between aerodynamicists and designers are explained in detail. The design language forms the next generation of BEVs. The aerodynamic development philosophy is guided by three principles: minimizing flow separation, maximizing rear pressure recovery, and controlling tire wake. This vehicle took full advantage of the unique 2-1-2-1 seating configuration that allowed a tapered tail design with a narrower rear track to further minimize the size of the rear recirculation zone, improving rear pressure recovery. In order to reduce induced drag, detailed studies on roofline and diffuser angles were conducted to develop the optimal combination, eliminating any loss of flow momentum. The diffuser design also served to eliminate flow separation caused by the rear wheels. In addition to that, active aerodynamic devices were employed to reduce interaction between freestream and wheelhouse air. A comparison was also made between ENO.146 and Aion S, a GAC production EV to illustrate future development potentials. Through the development of ENO.146, the aerodynamic development process of ENO.146 serves as a template for future projects, providing expertise and best practices of aerodynamic development for both engineers and designers.
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