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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Groundwater contamination by nitrate"

1

Kovač, Zoran, Zoran Nakić, Jadranka Barešić, and Jelena Parlov. "Nitrate Origin in the Zagreb Aquifer System." Geofluids 2018 (November 5, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2789691.

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Nitrates are among the most common groundwater contaminants worldwide, and the same situation is present within the Zagreb aquifer. The Zagreb aquifer presents the only source of potable water for inhabitants of the City of Zagreb and part of Zagreb County. Isotopic composition of water (δ2H and δ18O) and nitrates (δ15N and δ18O), groundwater chemistry, and molar ratios, in combination with correlation and multivariate statistical methods, have been used for the estimation of nitrate origin. Nitrate stable isotopes excluded synthetic fertilizer as the main source of nitrate contamination. They showed insignificant influence of denitrification on nitrate concentrations but could not define the main source of nitrate contamination. The usage of molar ratios, especially NO3−/K+, helped to clarify this issue. Waste water has been defined as the main source of nitrate contamination. All results indicate that nitrogen in a large extent enters the aquifer in the form of ammonium ion, which is transformed to nitrates by the process of nitrification.
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Lewandowski, A. M. "Costs of groundwater nitrate contamination." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 63, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 92A. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.63.3.92a.

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3

Putro, Surya Damar Sasongko, and Wahyu Wilopo. "Assessment of nitrate contamination and its factors in the urban area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 9, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 3643. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2022.094.3643.

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Population growth in urban areas increases rapidly due to improving economic conditions. However, this growth is not always followed by the addition of public facilities such as clean water facilities and sewage water system networks, especially in developing countries. There are still many people who use on-site sanitation systems that will cause groundwater pollution problems. In addition, many people in urban areas still depend on groundwater for drinking water. The quality of groundwater becomes an essential factor for this purpose. One of the common groundwater problems in urban areas is nitrate concentration. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the potential groundwater contamination, the primary source of nitrate contamination in groundwater, and their influencing factor in the study area. The research method used the Cl/NO<sub>3</sub> ratio and Cl/Br ratio to determine the source of nitrate in the study area. The groundwater contamination potential was evaluated based on depth to the groundwater table, sorption capacity above the groundwater table, permeability, groundwater table gradient, and horizontal distance from the contaminant source. In addition, the total of family members, age of the settlement, the distance of the well from the septic tank, and groundwater table depth were correlated with nitrate concentration. The results showed that nitrate levels in the research area generally exceed the maximum drinking water limit by WHO, with the maximum concentration reaching 167 mg/L. The high concentration of nitrate in the groundwater is due to contamination. According to the diagrams of nitrate versus chloride and the Cl/Br ratio analysis, the primary source of groundwater nitrate contamination is a septic tank. The higher family member and age of the settlement have a positive correlation with increasing nitrate concentration. Besides, distance from the septic tank and depth of the groundwater table is negatively correlated with nitrate concentration.
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Lotfata, Aynaz, and Shrinidhi Ambinakudige. "Factors affecting the spatial pattern of nitrate contamination in Texas aquifers." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 857–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2019-0097.

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Purpose The elevated level of nitrate in groundwater is a serious problem in Texas aquifers. To control and manage groundwater quality, the characterization of groundwater contamination and identification of the factors affecting the nitrate concentration of groundwater are significant. The purpose of this paper is to determine factors which have significant impacts on the elevated groundwater nitrate concentrations of the Southern High-Plains and the Edwards-Trinity aquifers. Design/methodology/approach The characterization of groundwater nitrate contamination was undertaken by analyzing the hydrochemical data of groundwater within a statistical framework. The multivariate statistical analysis (ordinary least square) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models were used to study the relationship between groundwater nitrate contamination and land use of the study areas. Findings Results show groundwater nitrate contamination is typically due to an overapplication of N fertilizers to cotton in the Southern High-Plains aquifer and to grassland in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. Adjusted R2 (0.45) explains variations of nitrate concentration by well-depth, cotton production, shrubland and grassland in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. The results of an analysis of variations in N concentration with well depth for all 192 wells indicate that nitrate concentrations in water from wells in the Southern High-Plains and Edwards-Trinity aquifers tend to decrease with increasing well-depth. Originality/value In this study, the GWR model was built to identify nitrate concentration within a geographic framework to ensure sustainable use of groundwater, which is important for local management purposes. The analysis should include local spatial variations of elements such as hydrologic characteristics and the land use activities if groundwater nitrate contamination causes adverse effects on human and ecosystem health.
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Awais, Muhammad, Bilal Aslam, Ahsen Maqsoom, Umer Khalil, Fahim Ullah, Sheheryar Azam, and Muhammad Imran. "Assessing Nitrate Contamination Risks in Groundwater: A Machine Learning Approach." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 10034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110034.

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Groundwater is one of the primary sources for the daily water requirements of the masses, but it is subjected to contamination due to the pollutants, such as nitrate, percolating through the soil with water. Especially in built-up areas, groundwater vulnerability and contamination are of major concern, and require appropriate consideration. The present study develops a novel framework for assessing groundwater nitrate contamination risk for the area along the Karakoram Highway, which is a part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) route in northern Pakistan. A groundwater vulnerability map was prepared using the DRASTIC model. The nitrate concentration data from a previous study were used to formulate the nitrate contamination map. Three machine learning (ML) models, i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (MDA), and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), were used to analyze the probability of groundwater contamination incidence. Furthermore, groundwater contamination probability maps were obtained utilizing the ensemble modeling approach. The models were calibrated and validated through calibration trials, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve method (AUC), where a minimum AUC threshold value of 80% was achieved. Results indicated the accuracy of the models to be in the range of 0.82–0.87. The final groundwater contamination risk map highlights that 34% of the area is moderately vulnerable to groundwater contamination, and 13% of the area is exposed to high groundwater contamination risk. The findings of this study can facilitate decision-making regarding the location of future built-up areas properly in order to mitigate the nitrate contamination that can further reduce the associated health risks.
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Rawat, Meenakshi, Rintu Sen, Ikenna Onyekwelu, Travis Wiederstein, and Vaishali Sharda. "Modeling of Groundwater Nitrate Contamination Due to Agricultural Activities—A Systematic Review." Water 14, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 4008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244008.

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Groundwater nitrate contamination is a significant concern in agricultural watersheds worldwide with it becoming a more pervasive problem in the last three decades. Models are great tools that are used to identify the sources and spatial patterns of nitrate contamination of groundwater due to agricultural activities. This Systematic Review (SR) seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of different models used to estimate nitrate contamination of groundwater due to agricultural activities. We described different types of models available in the field of modeling groundwater nitrate contamination, the models used, the input requirements of different models, and the evaluation metrics used. Out of all the models reviewed, stand-alone process-based models are predominantly used for modeling nitrate contamination, followed by integrated models, with HYDRUS and LEACHM models being the two most commonly used process-based models worldwide. Most models are evaluated using the statistical metric Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) followed by the correlation coefficient (r). This study provides the current basis for model selection in modeling nitrate contamination of groundwater due to agricultural activities. In addition, it also provides a clear and concise picture of the state of the art and implications to the scientific community doing groundwater quality modeling studies.
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Kasperczyk, Lidia, Magdalena Modelska, and Stanisław Staśko. "Pollution indicators in groundwater of two agricultural catchments in Lower Silesia (Poland)." Geoscience Records 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/georec-2016-0007.

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Abstract The article discusses the content and source of mineral nitrogen compounds in groundwater, based on the data collected in two river catchments in two series (spring and autumn 2014). The study area comprises two catchments located in Lower Silesia, Poland - Cicha Woda and Sąsiecznica. Both catchments are characterised agricultural character of development. In the both researched areas, the points of State Environmental Monitoring (SEM) are located but only the Cicha Woda area is classified as nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ). To analyse and compare the contamination of Quaternary and Neogene aquifers, the concentration of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium and potassium ions was measured primarily. Results showed the exceedance of nitrogen mineral forms of shallow groundwater Quaternary aquifer in both basins. The concentration of nitrates range from 0.08 to 142.12 mgNO3 −−/dm3 (Cicha Woda) and from 2.6 to 137.65 mg NO3 −−/dm3 (Sąsiecznica). The major source of pollution is probably the intensive agriculture activity. It causes a degradation of the shallow groundwater because of nitrate, nitrite, potassium, phosphates and ammonium contents. There was no observed contamination of anthropogenic origin in the deeper Neogene aquifer of Cicha Woda catchment.
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8

Wang, Xihua, Shunqing Jia, Zejun Liu, and Boyang Mao. "Watershed-Scale Shallow Groundwater Anthropogenic Nitrate Source, Loading, and Contamination Assessment in a Typical Wheat Production Region: Case Study in Yiluo River Watershed, Middle of China." Water 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233979.

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Nitrate pollution in groundwater has become a global concern for agriculture and regional ecology. However, tracing the spatiotemporal groundwater nitrate pollution sources, calculating the total nitrogen loading, and assessing contamination at the watershed scale have not been well documented. In this study, 20 groundwater samplings from 2020 to 2021 (in dry and wet seasons) on the Yiluo River watershed in middle China were collected. Tracing groundwater nitrate pollution sources, calculating total nitrogen loading, and assessing contamination using dual isotopes (18ONO3 and 15NNO3), conservation of mass, and the nitrate pollution index (NPI), respectively. The results indicated that there were three nitrate sources in groundwater: (1) manure and sewage waste input (MSWI), (2) sediment nitrogen input (SNI), and (3) agriculture chemical fertilizer input (ACFI) in the Yiluo River watershed. ACFI and SNI were the main groundwater nitrogen pollution sources. The average nitrogen loading percentages of ACFI, SNI, and MSWI in the whole watershed were 94.7%, 4.34%, and 0.96%, respectively. The total nitrogen loading in the Yiluo River watershed was 7,256,835.99 kg/year, 4,084,870.09 kg/year in downstream areas, 2,121,938.93 kg/year in midstream areas, and 1,050,026.95 kg/year in upstream areas. Sixty percent of groundwater in the Yiluo River watershed has been polluted by nitrate. Nitrate pollution in midstream areas is more severe. Nitrite pollution was more serious in the wet season than in the dry season. The results of this study can provide useful information for watershed-scale groundwater nitrogen pollution control and treatment.
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Wick, Katharina, Christine Heumesser, and Erwin Schmid. "Groundwater nitrate contamination: Factors and indicators." Journal of Environmental Management 111 (November 2012): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.030.

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10

Lampman, Wray. "Susceptibility of Groundwater to Pesticide and Nitrate Contamination in Predisposed Areas of Southwestern Ontario." Water Quality Research Journal 30, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 443–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1995.037.

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Abstract Agricultural practices today employ a vast array of chemicals in large volumes in order to improve both the quantity and quality of our agricultural products. While it has long been recognized that runoff from agricultural land has the potential to degrade surface water quality, only recently has attention been focused on the effect of agricultural usage on groundwater. In order to study the effects of pesticides and nitrate usage on the quality of groundwater, in 1985 the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy began operating a groundwater monitoring program in southwestern Ontario. Data generated from this program, which utilized sample data collected from both wells and piezometers, indicate that in areas of heavy pesticide and nitrate usage, shallow groundwater is continuously testing positive for nitrate and a variety of pesticides. Factors which influence the number of positive incidents for pesticides are directly related to the persistence of the chemical, its method of application, and the amounts utilized. Soil types and depth to groundwater, although influencing the time of detection, do not govern the number of detection events. Changes in agricultural practices are also monitored to see if pesticide reduction, a variation in the method of application, crop rotations and an increase in soil organic matter could influence the levels of pesticide It was found that when chemicals of a low persistence were applied post emergent at the minimum recommended rate, pesticides were not detected in the groundwater. Crop rotations were also effective in reducing the level of pesticides in groundwater. Tillage practices and increases in soil organic matter were also effective in reducing pesticide contamination. It was found that when chemicals of a low persistence were applied post emergent at the minimum recommended rate, pesticides were not detected in the groundwater. Crop rotation and reduction in nitrate loadings were found to be the only effective methods to reduce nitrate loading to groundwater. It was also found that elevated levels of potassium and/or nitrate in groundwater serve as a reliable indicator of the groundwater susceptibility to pesticide contamination. Remedial action to alleviate the impact of pesticides and nitrates in groundwater must focus on the chemical usage patterns employed on the farm site and an overall reduction of the quantities of pesticides and nitrates utilized. These patterns must incorporate a well-designed program of crop rotation with the proper utilization of these chemicals on site.
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Дисертації з теми "Groundwater contamination by nitrate"

1

Uhlman, Kristine, and Janick Artiola. "Nitrate Contamination Potential in Arizona Groundwater: Implications for Drinking Water Wells." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/156932.

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4 pp.
This fact sheet is to be taken from research conducted by Uhlman and Rahman and published on the WRRC web site as: "Predicting Ground Water Vulnerability to Nitrate in Arizona". Funded by TRIF and peer reviewed by ADEQ. It also follows on "Arizona Well Owner's Guide to Water Supply" and also "Arizona Drinking Water Well Contaminants" (part 1 already submitted, part 2 in process).
Arizona's arid environment and aquifer types allow for the persistence of nitrate contamination in ground water. Agricultural practices and the prevalence of septic systems contributes to this water quality concern, resulting in nitrate exceeding the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) in several locations across the state. Working with known nitrate concentrations in 6,800 wells across the state, this fact sheet presents maps showing the probability of nitrate contamination of ground water exceeding the MCL. The importance of monitoring your domestic water supply well for nitrate is emphasized.
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Mitchell-Parsotan, Margaret Ann. "Investigation of molecular markers to identify sources of nitrate contamination in groundwater." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7572.

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Molecular markers were investigated as potential tools for differentiating between the sources of elevated nitrate-N in the Hopington AB Aquifer. Residential use (septic systems) and agriculture (livestock) have been identified as key land use activities, which overlay the Hopington AB Aquifer, and thus possible contributors of nitrate-N to the groundwater. Harmful levels of nitrate-N concentrations above the drinking water limit of 10 mg/L have been detected in the well of a private resident (14 mg/L) and spring water (17 mg/L), which were located on the aquifer. DAS 1 (a diaminostilbene) and DSBP (a distyrylbiphenyl) are fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), which in the Fraser Valley are present in 3 out of 4 popular laundry detergents, and have been detected in domestic wastewater at concentrations of 7.84 and 2.36 μg/L respectively; thus they are suitable markers for septic systems in Langley. Sulfamethazine, which is an antimicrobial approved solely for veterinary use in Canada, is widely used in the livestock industry. Good maximum recoveries for DAS 1 (60%), DSBP (125%) and sulfamethazine (125%), coupled with low method detection limits ranging from of 0.01 — 0.04 μg/L implied that solid phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ultra violet (UV) detector were adequate for the determination of the molecular markers. The detection of DAS 1 (3.14 μg/L) and DSBP (0.05 μg/L) in the final effluent at a BNR (biological nutrient removal) pilot plant suggested that the FWAs were not completely removed by wastewater treatment processes including primary clarification, biological (aerobic and anaerobic), and membrane filtration; thus, once released, these FWAs may persists in the environment. In this study, DAS 1 (0.01 — 0.13 μg/L) was detected in 4 wells belonging to private residences, which were located on the Hopington Aquifer. DAS 1 (0.05 μg/L) and DSBP (0.02 μg/L) were also detected in spring water, which were located down gradient of septic systems. These results suggested that septic tank systems have contributed to the overall nitrate in the aquifers. The non-detection of the FWAs at the two control sites (Hopington C and Abbottsford) confirmed the specificity of DAS 1 and DSBP in relation to source. Overall, the FWAs exhibited fairly conservative behaviours due to their abilities to be source specific and persistent in the environment. As a result, they are useful tools for the identification of septic system sources of contamination in the environment. Sulfamethazine was not detected in any of the Hopington AB wells; however, further research is needed in order to determine if this antimicrobial was an appropriate molecular marker for livestock activities.
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3

Maeda, Morihiro. "A study on prevention of groundwater contamination by nitrate in arable land." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123454.

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4

Perry, Jake Mendoza. "Evaluating Alternative Hydraulic Solutions to Limit Nutrient Contamination of an Aquifer in Southern California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/718.

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Many small communities depend on groundwater sources for drinking water and they often use septic tanks for their sewer system needs. However, nitrates and other pollutants from septic systems can percolate to the aquifers and deteriorate quality of the groundwater, threatening the public health. This study has developed a groundwater model using Visual MODFLOW for an aquifer that is used as a water supply source for the cities of Beaumont and Cherry Valley, California. Septic systems are the suspected major source of nitrate contamination of the aquifer. The model has been developed to clarify the extent of interactions between nitrate pollutants, infiltration and percolation from a recently established series of artificial recharge ponds, groundwater recharge from natural sources, and pumping activities to meet local water uses. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate alternative hydraulic solutions that would limit the movement of the contaminants and minimize the risk of affecting the pumping wells. The study attempts to identify the best way to recharge the aquifer and influence movement of the nitrates so that polluted waters may have lower nitrate concentrations in the future, rather than allowed to encroach on critical production wells or led away from production wells to become a problem for future generations or neighboring areas. The data needed to build the model, including geological logs, precipitation, evapotranspiration, well locations, pumping schedules, water levels, and nitrate concentrations have been obtained from the Beaumont Cherry Valley Water District. The model has been calibrated to simulate the observed groundwater levels and the extent of pollution corresponding to the historical pumping rates, recharge rates and climate. The calibrated model has been used to evaluate alternative hydraulic solutions that would either localize the nitrate pollution thus limiting the impact on public welfare, or remove the nitrate pollution for potential treatment and remediation on the surface. The study results show that increased pumping of production wells or strategic placement of additional artificial recharge may reduce the concentrations of nitrate in the Beaumont Basin.
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5

Halstead, John Michael. "Managing ground water contamination from agricultural nitrates." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54787.

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Ground water contamination from agricultural nitrates poses potential adverse health effects to a large segment of the rural population of the United States. Contamination is especially prevalent in livestock intensive areas, which produce large quantities of animal waste with substantial nitrogen content. In this study, potential management strategies for reducing nitrate contamination of ground water from agricultural sources were examined using an economic-physical model of a representative dairy farm in Rockingham County, Virginia. A mixed integer programming model with stochastic constraints on nitrate loading to ground water and silage production was used to simulate the impacts of various nitrate loading reduction strategies on estimated farm level net returns over variable costs. A survey of all dairy operations in the county was conducted to assist in specifying the mathematical programming model, identify current nutrient management and quality issues, and gauge farmers’ attitudes toward ground water quality and agricultural chemical use. Results of the model indicate that substantial reductions in current nitrate loadings are possible with relatively minor impacts on farmers’ net returns through the use of currently practiced approaches of cost sharing for manure storage facility construction and nutrient management planning. Greater loading reductions are achievable through presently untried policies of land use restrictions, bans on purchase of commercial fertilizer, and imposition of standards on loadings to ground water. These reductions are achieved, however, at higher costs in terms of reduced net returns. Study results indicate that a wide range of policy options exist for reducing nitrate loading to ground water; these reductions, while varying in cost, do not appear to come at the expense of eliminating the economic viability of the county dairy sector. Model results indicate that reductions in nitrate loading of 40 to 70 percent (on average) could be achieved with reductions in farmers’ net returns of one to 19 percent, respectively, when cost sharing for manure storage construction was provided. Explicit consideration was given to the annual variability in nitrate loading due to weather and other factors. The result was higher policy costs than when average loadings alone were considered.
Ph. D.
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6

Arnold, David Frederick. "Environmental Justice in Virginia’ s Rural Drinking Water: Analysis of Nitrate Concentrations and Bacteria Prevalence in the Household Wells of Augusta and Louisa County Residents." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33759.

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This research studied two predominantly rural counties in Virginia to understand whether residents have equal access to uncontaminated drinking water by socio-economic status. Statistical associations were developed with the total value of each residence based on county tax assessment data as the independent variable to explain levels of nitrate, the presence of bacteria (total coliform and Escherichia coli), and specific household well characteristics (well age, well depth, and treatment). Nearest neighbor analysis and chi-square tests based on land cover classifications were also conducted to evaluate the spatial distribution of contaminated and uncontaminated wells. Based on the results from the 336 samples analyzed in Louisa County, rural residents with private wells may have variable access to household drinking water free of bacteria; particularly if lower-value homes in the community tend to be older with more dated, shallower wells. This study also suggested that, in Louisa County, the presence of water treatment devices was also significantly related to total home value as an index of socio-economic status. Analysis of the 124 samples taken from household wells in Augusta County did not result in any significant associations among selected well characteristics, total home value, and water quality. Lower community participation in Augusta County as a result of a more expensive water quality testing fee may have contributed to the lack of hypothesized relationships in that countyâ s case study.
Master of Science
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7

Leenhouts, James Merrell, R. L. Basset, and Thomas III Maddock. "APPLICATION OF BORON ISOTOPE RATIOS FOR IDENTIFYING NITRATE CONTAMINATION SOURCES IN THE GROUNDWATER OF AVRA VALLEY, ARIZONA." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/617638.

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The stable isotopes of the conservative element boron, 11B and 1°B, have been employed as co- migrating isotopic tracers to determine the origin of nitrate observed in groundwater from a large capacity (2500 gpm) irrigation well in the Avra Valley of southeastern Arizona. The isotopic ratios of the conservative element, boron, provided an identifying signature for various nitrate rich source waters. Additional chemical parameters were also examined to corroborate the isotopic indications. Findings of this investigation indicate that most of the nitrate observed in groundwater from well CMID 18 at the beginning of the 1993 irrigation season was due to municipal wastewater contamination. As the irrigation season progressed, an increasing proportion of nitrate was contributed by irrigation return flow from neighboring agricultural fields.
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8

Leenhouts, James M. (James Merrell) 1968. "Application of boron isotope ratios for identifying nitrate contamination sources in the groundwater of Avra Valley, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192087.

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The stable isotopes of the conservative element boron, ¹¹B and ¹⁰B, have been employed as co-migrating isotopic tracers to determine the origin of nitrate observed in groundwater from a large capacity 0.167 m³/s (2500 gpm) irrigation well in the Avra Valley of southeastern Arizona. The isotopic ratios of the conservative element, boron, provided an identifying signature for various nitrate rich source waters. Additional chemical parameters were also examined to corroborate the isotopic indications. Findings of this investigation indicate that most of the nitrate observed in groundwater from well CMID 18 at the beginning of the 1993 irrigation season was due to municipal wastewater infiltration. As the irrigation season progressed, an increasing proportion of nitrate was contributed by irrigation return flow from neighboring agricultural fields.
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Flores, Aviles Gabriela Patricia. "A groundwater basin multidisciplinary approach to conceptualize subsurface flow and trace nitrate contamination sources. Lake Titicaca, Bolivia." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU019.

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La dégradation de la qualité de l'eau, la variabilité climatique et la croissance démographique font partie des facteurs limitant la disponibilité de l'eau dans les régions semi-arides de Katari et de Lago Menor (6,350 Km2), entraînant une exploitation croissante des ressources en eaux souterraines. Cette thèse a pour but de conceptualiser le système d'écoulement souterrain à grande échelle et de détecter les sources de contamination par les nitrates dans les régions de Katari et Lago Menor.Dans cette étude, on a utilisé une approche multidisciplinaire comprenant un inventaire régional des sources d’eaux souterraines et des mesures du niveau piézométrique, des techniques d’investigation géophysique (sondages électromagnétiques à domaine temporel TDEM), la construction et l’installation de piézomètres, l’analyse chimique des ions majeurs et les isotopes de 15N-NO3 et de 18O-NO3.Les résultats ont permis d'identifier les limites de deux contextes géologiques différents (le sous-système du Piémont et la plaine lacustre), la géométrie du milieu géologique poreux du Quaternaire et les limites inférieures de l'aquifère. L’analyse régionale montre que les flux souterrains suivent le modèle classique d’écoulement basé sur la gravité. Six sous-domaines ont été identifiés possédant des propriétés hydrauliques différentes. Une grande partie de l'aquifère présente un comportement non confiné, en particulier sur le Piémont, alors qu'il reste confiné dans les zones de plaine. L'épaisseur de la portion non confinée varie de 50 à 150 mètres. Les valeurs de conductivité hydraulique pour la portion non confinée vont de 1.1E-4 à 5.0E-6 m/sec, le rendement spécifique de 0,16 à 0,20 et les valeurs de recharge vont de 118 à 382 mm/year. Tandis que pour la partie confinée, les valeurs de transmissivité se situent autour de 6.0 E-6 m2/sec avec une valeur de stockage de 1.2E-2 à 6.0E-3.En particulier, dans les hautes régions du Piémont où se trouvent les fortes pressions hydrauliques, les compositions minérales, chimiques et isotopiques montrent que la source d'eau souterraine est de bonne qualité. En revanche, dans la partie inférieure du Piémont, les nappes phréatiques moins profondes de la séquence alluvial-fluvioglaciaire-lacustre rendent cette zone plus vulnérable à la contamination. En fait, le faciès chimique et la composition isotopique du NO3 dissous ont révélé que l'origine principale de cet anion est liée aux engrais azotés vers le nord-ouest du Piémont et aux déchets humaines / animales vers le SE. De plus, les processus naturels d'atténuation du nitrate se produisent principalement dans le secteur inférieur du Piémont, lorsque les eaux souterraines se mélangent au réservoir d'origine lacustre.En revanche, les eaux souterraines s'écoulant dans les plaines présentent principalement des faciès de Na (K) -Cl mettant en évidence la présence d'évaporites. Dans cette zone, les eaux souterraines sont sujettes à la contamination, en particulier lorsque la couche d'argile est absente et dans les endroits où une connexion au Piémont est mise en évidence (canaux souterrains). La contribution des eaux souterraines au lac Titicaca actuel (baie de Cohana) semble être retardée en raison de la présence de la couche d'argile.Ce modèle conceptuel d'écoulement des eaux souterraines permet une bonne compréhension du fonctionnement de l’aquifère et fournit un guide pour la collecte future de données afin d'améliorer la robustesse d’une future modélisation numérique des flux d’eau souterrains. Toutes les informations scientifiques issues de cette recherche ont été rassemblées dans une base de données spatiales SIG pour aider les décideurs à gérer et à protéger les ressources en eaux souterraines. Ces informations scientifiques contribuent également à l'assainissement de l'environnement du lac Titicaca, une priorité nationale de l'État plurinational de Bolivie
Water quality degradation, climate variability and population growth are among the factors that constrains water availability in the semi-arid Katari and Lago Menor region (6,350 Km^2), leading to an increasingly exploitation of groundwater resources. This thesis aims to conceptualize subsurface flow and trace nitrate contamination sources in the groundwater system within the Katari and Lago Menor Region.A multidisciplinary approach for field investigation was used in this study, including a regional groundwater source inventory and groundwater level measurements, geophysical investigation techniques (e.g. TDEM-Time Domain ElectroMagnetic soundings), piezometer construction and installation, and a regional sampling campaign and analysis for major ion chemistry and dual isotopes of 15N-NO3 and 18O-NO3.The results allowed identifying the limits of two different geological settings (Piedmont subsystem and Lacustrine plain), the geometry of the Quaternary porous geologic media and the bottom boundaries of the aquifer.The groundwater flow regime corresponds to a classical gravity-driven regional flow system. Six subdomains possessing different hydraulic properties were identified. A large portion of the aquifer presents an unconfined behaviour, particularly on the Piedmont, whereas it remains confined in the plain areas. The thickness of the unconfined portion varies from 50 to 150 meters. Values of hydraulic conductivity for the unconfined portion range from 1.1E-04 to 5.9E-08 m/sec, specific yield ranges from 0.16 to 0.20 and recharge values range from 118 to 382 mm/year. While for the confined part the transmissivity values range around 6.0E-06 m^2/sec with a storavity value of 1.2E-02 to 6.0E-03.In the high Piedmont areas where the hydraulic heads are high, the low mineralization and the chemical and isotopic compositions showed that the groundwater source is of good quality. In contrast, in the lower sector of the Piedmont, the shallower water tables of the alluvial-fluvioglacial-lacustrine sequence, make this area more vulnerable to contamination. Chemical facies and the isotopic composition of the dissolved NO3 revealed that the main origin of this anion is related to nitrogen fertilizers towards the NW of the Piedmont and human/animal waste towards the SE. Moreover, natural nitrate attenuation processes occur mainly in the lower sector of the Piedmont, when groundwater mixes with the reservoir of lacustrine origin. Groundwater flowing in the plain areas, present primarily Na(K)-Cl facies relating the presence of evaporites. In this area groundwater is prone to contamination, especially when the clay layer is absent and in places where a connection to the Piedmont is evidenced (subterranean channels). The contribution of groundwater to the current Lake Titicaca (Cohana Bay) appears to be retarded due to the presence of the clay layer.This basin-scale conceptual groundwater flow model provides a good understanding of the aquifer functioning, and a guide to future data collection, in order to improve the robustness of future groundwater flow numerical modeling. All the science-based information generated from this research was arranged into a GIS spatial database to support decision makers in the management and protection of groundwater resources. This science-based information also contributes to the environmental remediation of Lake Titicaca, a national priority for the Plurinational State of Bolivia
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Trevis, Isaac Andrew. "Assessing and Tracking Nitrate Contamination from a Point Source and the Effects on the Groundwater Systems in Mid Canterbury, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7603.

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Water is a valuable and crucial resource, the protection of which poses environmental, social and economic challenges. Fundamental to the sustainable use of water is effective management. In the Canterbury region of New Zealand, nitrate contamination has become a resource management issue due to changes in land use and intensification, which have placed pressure on the region’s groundwater and surface water systems. The purpose of this study was to assess and track nitrate concentrations on the Central Canterbury Plains with specific emphasis on a local point source of nitrate, the Ashburton Meat Processors plant. To make this assessment review of historical data was followed by the collection of 131 groundwater and 25 surface water samples to analyse the geochemical properties of the water and the stable isotopic composition of nitrate in the water. It was hypothesised that nitrate concentrations at a regional scale have increased since regular records began and that the stable isotopic composition of different nitrate sources are not discernable. Nitrate concentrations across the Canterbury region were found to have increased, prompting concerns about water quality. Concentrations are elevated above natural background levels across much of the Canterbury Plains and extreme concentrations are associated with local point sources of nitrate. Nitrate concentrations down gradient of the Ashburton Meat Processing plant are shown to have declined approximately 5% per year for the past ten years, which is in contrast to the rest of the region, where average concentrations have nearly doubled in 20 years. The reduction of contamination from the point source is most likely the result of the implementation of better wastewater management practices in the early 21st century. The δ18O and δ15N values of nitrate were found to be relatively homogenous over the Canterbury Plains. Therefore, it is suggested by this study that the dual-isotope approach alone, is not a viable tool for nitrate source identification in the region. The uniform nitrate stable isotopic composition in Canterbury could be attributed to a single, principle source of nitrate, such as clover, that overprints other isotopic compositions of nitrate source, or may also be the result of soil processes and the farming techniques used in the region. This research presents important findings for the future of identifying and managing nitrate sources in the Canterbury region. Better management practices are required for the diffuse source(s) of nitrate contributing to the widespread contamination. Critical thinking and the willingness of stakeholders to engage in the identifying, documenting and solving problems is necessary to ensure the effective management and sustainability of this precious resource.
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Книги з теми "Groundwater contamination by nitrate"

1

1937-, Bogárdi Istvan, Kuzelka Robert D, Ennenga Wilma G, and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nitrate Contamination: Exposure, Consequences, and Control (1990 : Lincoln, Neb.), eds. Nitrate contamination: Exposure, consequence, and control. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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2

Smyth, Jeffrey D. Multivariate geostatistical analysis of groundwater contamination by pesticide and nitrate. Corvallis, Or: Water Resources Research Institute, Oregon State University, 1989.

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3

G, Katz Brian, Suwannee River Water Management District (Fla.), and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Sources and chronology of nitrate contamination in spring waters, Suwannee River basin, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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F, Younie M., and Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy., eds. Impact of livestock manure and fertilizer application on nitrate contamination of groundwater: Final report. [Toronto]: Ontario, Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1996.

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5

Evans, Thomas Anders. A spatial and statistical assessment of the vulnerability of Texas groundwater to nitrate contamination. Austin, TX: Center for Research in Water Resources, Bureau of Engineering Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1995.

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6

Hatfield, Jerry L. Metrics for nitrate contamination of ground water at CAFO land application sites: Iowa swine study. Ada, Okla: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Reseach and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 2009.

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J, Gurdak Jason. Vulnerability of recently recharged ground water in the High Plains Aquifer to nitrate contamination. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2006.

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8

Conde-Costas, Carlos. Assessment of nitrate contamination of the upper aquifer in the Manatí-Vega Baja area, Puerto Rico. San Juan, P.R: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Conde-Costas, Carlos. Assessment of nitrate contamination of the upper aquifer in the Manatí-Vega Baja area, Puerto Rico. San Juan, P.R: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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10

Schuh, W. M. Evaluation of nitrate contamination and dissipation trends in the Englevale aquifer, Ransom and Sargent Counties, ND: 1996-2006. [Bismarck, N.D.]: North Dakota State Water Commission, 2008.

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Частини книг з теми "Groundwater contamination by nitrate"

1

Goss, M. J., and D. Goorahoo. "Nitrate contamination of groundwater: Measurement and prediction." In Nitrogen Economy in Tropical Soils, 331–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1706-4_31.

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Castrignanò, A., G. Bragato, and N. Lopez. "Probabilistic Assessment of Groundwater Contamination by Nitrate." In Quantitative Geology and Geostatistics, 507–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0810-5_47.

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Danaraj, Jeyaragash, Uthirakrishnan Ushani, Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy, Jeba Sweetly Dharmadhas, Tamilarasan Karuppiah, S. Anandha Kumar, and E. S. Aooj. "Climate Change Impacts of Nitrate Contamination on Human Health." In Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Resources, 257–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04707-7_14.

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Malav, Lal Chand, Gopal Tiwari, Abhishek Jangir, and Manoj Parihar. "Bioremediation of Fluoride and Nitrate Contamination in Soil and Groundwater." In Bioremediation Science From Theory to Practice, 252–66. First edition. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2021] Includes bibliographical references and index.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429327643-17.

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Dillon, P. J. "Models of Nitrate Transport at Different Space and Time Scales for Groundwater Quality Management." In Groundwater Contamination: Use of Models in Decision-Making, 273–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2301-0_26.

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Ma, Jing, Zhen Wu, Yong Huang, Chao Jia, Cong Wang, and Fan Yang. "Simulation and prediction of groundwater nitrate contamination in an emergency groundwater resource area of Shandong Province." In Advances in Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Volume 2, 242–47. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003383031-37.

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Smyth, Jeffrey D., and Jonathan D. Istok. "Multivariate Geostatistical Analysis of Groundwater Contamination by Pesticide and Nitrate: A Case History." In Geostatistics, 713–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6844-9_56.

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Shukla, Saurabh, and Abhishek Saxena. "Global Status of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater: Its Occurrence, Health Impacts, and Mitigation Measures." In Handbook of Environmental Materials Management, 869–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73645-7_20.

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Shukla, Saurabh, and Abhishek Saxena. "Global Status of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater: Its Occurrence, Health Impacts, and Mitigation Measures." In Handbook of Environmental Materials Management, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_20-1.

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Chica-Olmo, Mario, Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza, Antonio Luque-Espinar, Víctor Rodríguez-Galiano, and Lucía Chica-Rivas. "Quantitative Risk Management of Groundwater Contamination by Nitrates Using Indicator Geostatistics." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 533–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32408-6_116.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Groundwater contamination by nitrate"

1

Nazarenko, Olesya. "NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER IN ROSTOV REGION." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/3.1/s12.068.

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2

Yang, Rong, and Yongzhong Su. "Groundwater Nitrate Contamination in an Agroecosystem in Zhangye Oasis, Northwest China." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162894.

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Almasri, Mohammad N., Jagath J. Kaluarachchi, Said Ghabayen, Ammar Jarrar, Mac McKee, Anan Jayyousi, and Amjad Aliewi. "Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to Nitrate Contamination in Gaza Strip, Palestine." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)100.

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Liu, Wen-Jie, Yongzhong Su, Rong Yang, and Xiao-Dong Lv. "Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater in Minqin Oasis in Northwestern Arid Region, China." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163108.

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5

Kim, Jonathan, Patti Casey, and Julia Boyles. "HISTORY OF NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDWATER AT A CENTRAL VERMONT DAIRY FARM." In Northeastern Section-56th Annual Meeting-2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021ne-361833.

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Maria Cristina Trifu, Valeria Maria Daradici, Denis Mihailescu, and Ilie Calciu. "Geo-spatial analysis of the nitrate contamination of groundwater from diffuse sources." In 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, May 27-June 1, 2012, Bari, Italy. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.41455.

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Syafiq N, Muhammad, Shaharuddin MS, and Zaenal Abidin. "Nitrate in Groundwater and Health Risk Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Villages in Tanah Merah District, Kelantan, Malaysia During Paddy Pre-Planting Season." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.27.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Contamination of nitrate is one of the most common groundwater problems worldwide. Around 70% of residents in the state of Kelantan still rely on groundwater as their primary source of water supply. Extensive usage of fertilizer in agricultural areas may cause nitrate leaching into the groundwater. This study aimed to determine the level of nitrate in groundwater and health risk assessment at three villages in Tanah Merah District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Tanah Merah district, Kelantan, in January 2020. A total of 52 residents was selected by purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria for study subjects were long life residents, age ≥18 years old, and groundwater as a primary source of drinking supply. The study variables were (1) Level of nitrate in groundwater measured according to age (year), depth (meter), and distance (meter) of well from the agricultural area; and (2) Health risk assessment measured by hazard quotient (HQ). A set of questionnaires consisted of four sections to gather information related to socio-demographic, water usage, living environment, and health status. Groundwater samples were collected in duplicates and were analysed using a Hanna Instruments portable pH/ORP/ISE meter with an attached nitrate electrode. The data were reported descriptively. Results: Nitrate levels were found to be under the maximum acceptable value of 10 mg/L, as stated by the Drinking Water Quality Standard of Malaysia. Nitrate level ranged from 0.22 to 8.81 mg/L (Mean= 2.94; SD= 2.27). Spearman rho correlation showed that nitrate level was significantly and negatively correlated the age of wells (r= -0.31; p= 0.025). Nitrate level was not significantly correlated with the depth (r= 0.19; p= 0.183) and distance of wells (r= -0.05; p= 0.751). Hazard quotient (HQ) for all study subjects was <1, which means that exposure to nitrate contained drinking water in study subjects was not detrimental to health. Conclusion: Nitrate levels were below the maximum acceptable value, but continuous monitoring from health authorities is essential since other seasons of paddy planting may contribute higher deposition of nitrate into groundwater. Keywords: nitrate, groundwater, levels, hazard quotient, Tanah Merah Correspondence: Muhammad Syafiq N. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: syafiqnor29@gmail.com. Mobile: +601140731881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.27
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Siddthan, R., and PM Shanthi. "A Comprehensive Survey on CNN Models on Assessment of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater." In 2022 6th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceca55336.2022.10009152.

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Vangala, Sunitha, Muralidhar Reddy Bandi, and Mark P. S. Krekeler. "NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDWATER IN SOME RURAL AREAS OF ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P SOUTH INDIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-296843.

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Cadavid, Luz, Mahzabin Noureen, Ibrahim Rahat, and Ratan Dhar. "GROUNDWATER NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN UPPER GLACIAL AQUIFER IN SOUTH-EAST QUEENS, NEW YORK CITY." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-368898.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Groundwater contamination by nitrate"

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Esser, B., G. Hudson, J. Moran, H. Beller, T. Carlsen, B. Dooher, P. Krauter, et al. Nitrate Contamination in California Groundwater: An Integrated Approach to Basin Assessment and Resource Protection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1062757.

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Savard, M. M., G. Somers, R. Lefebvre, E. van Bochove, D. Paradis, and R. De Jong. General implications of climate change on contamination of groundwater by nitrate on Prince Edward Island. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/225781.

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Savard, M. M., G. Somers, R. De Jong, D. Paradis, and E. van Bochove. Purposes and approach of the research project on climate change impacts on nitrate contamination of Prince Edward Island groundwater. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/225776.

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Minsker, Barbara S. Cost-Effective Risk Management of Groundwater Contamination. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada393312.

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Burge, S., and R. Halden. Nitrate and Perchlorate removal from groundwater by ion exchange. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14143.

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Mann, F. M. INTEG: A program to calculate groundwater contamination and human dose. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/670057.

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Moran, J., G. Hudson, G. Eaton, and R. Leif. A Contamination Vulnerability Assessment for the Sacramento Area Groundwater Basin. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15009810.

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Finfrock, S. H. Modeling groundwater contamination transport for the Hanford Environmental Disposal Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/106658.

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Esser, B., H. Beller, S. Carle, B. Cey, G. Hudson, R. Leif, T. LeTain, et al. Nitrate Biogeochemistry and Reactive Transport in California Groundwater: LDRD Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878204.

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Pischnotte, Zeb. Litigating Groundwater Contamination: Is It Worth the Price?: Six Case Studies,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328009.

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