Готові списки джерел за темами / Green engine

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Green engine"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Green engine"

1

Valent, Michael. "Luxury Liners Go Green." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 07 (July 1, 1998): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-jul-6.

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This article reviews that twenty-first century passengers on the Royal Caribbean International and Celebrity Cruises are set to make history in style. Up to six of Royal Caribbean’s Voyager- and Millennium-class vessels will be the first cruise ships ever powered by General Electric’s gas turbines. In addition to reducing engine-room noise and vibration and cutting emissions, this propulsion system—a departure from the traditional diesel engine—will make it possible for ships to set sail with a reduced maintenance crew and smaller parts inventory. Royal Caribbean International currently operates a fleet of 12 ships. In the Royal Caribbean application, the GE gas turbine will be used to drive generators that will provide electricity to propeller motors. The steam turbine will recover heat from the gas turbine exhaust for other uses. This combined gas turbine and steam turbine integrated electric drive system represents a departure from diesel engines in more than one respect.
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2

Y, Kryzhanivskyi, Kryshtopa S, Kryshtopa L, Hnyp M, and Mykytii I. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF DIESEL ENGINE INDICATORS WORKING ON THE MIXTURES OF BIODIESEL FUELS RECEIVED FROM BLUE-GREEN ALGAE." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 46 (2020): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2020-1-46-153-162.

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This article considers usage of blue-green algae as biomaterials for creation of motor biofuels. The object of the study is effect of blended biodiesel fuels from blue-green algae on the environmental and energy performances for the diesel engine. The purpose of the work is experimental study of changes of power and ecological characteristics of automobile diesel engines using petroleum diesel and their mixtures with biofuels derived from blue-green algae. Methods of research are experimental, laboratory ones. As a result of performed experimental researches dependences of changing of the effective engine power on the use of diesel fuel and a mixture of diesel fuel with the received bioactive supplements based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20% were established. It has been experimentally established that the effective power of an engine using a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20% will decrease by an average of 0,9, 1,8 and 3,5 %. It has been experimentally determined that the content of carbon monoxide in the use of a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % will decrease by an average of 6,5, 13,9 and 28,7 %. The obtained results allow to optimize the choice of fuels for power systems of internal combustion engines and to reduce emissions of harmful substances in exhaust gases of automobile diesel engines. KEY WORDS: BIOFUELS, DIESEL ENGINE, ALGAE, POWERFUL CHARACTERISTICS, ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS.
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3

Kryshtopa, S. І., L. І. Kryshtopa, М. М. Hnyp, and І. М. Mykytii. "Energy efficiency of diesel engines in the oil and gas industry when transferred to alternative fuels." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 2(32) (December 27, 2019): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2019-2(32)-88-96.

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This article considers usage of blue-green algae as biomaterials for creation of motor biofuels. Proliferation of blue-green algae leads to water rotting, destruction of aquatic ecosystems and destruction of rivers and lakes that is why clearing of water bodies from blue-green algae is an urgent task. The object of the study is effect of blended biodiesel fuels from blue-green algae on the environmental and energy performances for the diesel engine. The purpose of the work is experimental study of changes of power and ecological characteristics of automobile diesel engines using petroleum diesel and their mixtures with biofuels derived from blue-green algae. Methods of research are experimental, laboratory ones. Laboratory researches were carried out on an experimental installation based on the serial diesel engine D21A1. As a result of performed experimental researches dependences of changing of the effective engine power on the use of diesel fuel and a mixture of diesel fuel with the received bioactive supplements based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % were established. It has been experimentally established that the effective power of an engine using a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % will decrease by an average of 0,9, 1,8 and 3,5 %. It has been experimentally determined that the content of carbon monoxide in the use of a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % will decrease by an average of 6,5, 13,9 and 28,7 %. The obtained results allow to optimize the choice of fuels for power systems of internal combustion engines and to reduce emissions of harmful substances in exhaust gases of automobile diesel engines.
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4

Timoshenko, V. I., L. K. Patryliak, Yu V. Knyshenko, V. M. Durachenko, and A. S. Dolinkevych. "Use of a “green” propellant in low-thrust control jet engine systems." Technical mechanics 2021, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/itm2021.04.029.

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The aim of this work is to analyze the state of the art in the development and use of pollution-free (“green”) propellants in low-thrust jet engines used as actuators of spacecraft stabilization and flight control systems and to adapt computational methods to the determination of “green”-propellant engine thrust characteristics. The monopropellant that is now widely used in the above-mentioned engines is hydrazine, whose decomposition produces a jet thrust due to the gaseous reaction products flowing out of a supersonic nozzle. Because of the high toxicity of hydrazine and the complex technology of hydrazine filling, it is important to search for its less toxic substitutes that would compare well with it in energy and mass characteristics. A promising line of this substitution is the use of ion liquids classed with “green” ones. The main components of these propellants are a water solution of an ion liquid and a fuel component. The exothermic thermocatalytic decomposition of a “green” propellant is combined with the combustion of its fuel component and increases the combustion chamber pressure due to the formation of gaseous products, which produces an engine thrust. It is well known that a “green” propellant itself and the products of its decomposition and combustion are far less toxic that hydrazine and the products of its decomposition, The paper presents data on foreign developments of “green” propellants of different types, which are under test in ground (bench) conditions and on a number of spacecraft. The key parameter that governs the efficiency of the jet propulsion system thrust characteristics is the performance of the decomposition and combustion products, which depends on their temperature and chemical composition. The use of equilibrium high-temperature process calculation methods for this purpose is too idealized and calls for experimental verification. Besides, a substantial contribution to the end effect is made by the design features of propellant feed and flow through a fine-dispersed catalyst layer aimed at maximizing the monopropellant-catalyst contact area. As a result, in addition to the computational determination of the thrust characteristics of a propulsion system under design, its experimental tryout is mandatory. The literature gives information on the performance data of “green”-propellant propulsion systems for single engines. However, in spacecraft control engine systems their number may amount to 8–16; in addition, they operate in different regimes and may differ in thrust/throttling characteristics, which leads to unstable propellant feed to operating engines. To predict these processes, the paper suggests a mathematical model developed at the Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine and adapted to “green”-propellant engine systems. The model serves to calculate the operation of low-thrust jet engine systems and describes the propellant flow in propellant feed lines, propellant valves, and combustion chambers. To implement the model, use was made of the results of experimental studies on a prototype “green”-propellant engine developed at Yuzhnoye State Design Office. The analysis of the experimental results made it possible to refine the performance parameters of the monopropellant employed and obtain computational data that may be used in analyzing the operation of a single engine or an engine system on this propellant type in ground and flight conditions
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5

Smith, David J. "The sustainable and green engine (SAGE) – Aircraft engine of the future?" International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 17, no. 4 (October 23, 2016): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750316672601.

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The case of the European Union’s (EU) Clean Sky initiative and its sustainable and green engine programme focuses on a sector where the implications of climate change are likely to be keenly felt in the coming decades, namely air transport. It is a sector where to date there have been few green or eco innovations. The case focuses on a current EU-funded initiative designed to limit the impact of air transport on climate change. The initiative aims to foster innovation through the introduction of open rotor technology to power the next generation of short-/medium-haul airliners. This technology could potentially cut carbon dioxide emissions from commercial aircraft by 100 million tonnes per year. However, it may also prove to be a disruptive technology rendering existing aircraft and possibly some of the firms that produce them, obsolete. As well as introducing some of the features of disruptive technologies, the case highlights both the drivers for and barriers to the successful adoption of green innovations. Another important aspect of the case is that it also highlights the value of appropriate business strategies, such as the use of technology demonstrator programmes, in supporting and facilitating the adoption and diffusion of green innovations.
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6

Jamil, Mohd Khairuladha, Mohd Ezwani Kadir, Mohamad Zikri Zainol, Abu Hanifah Abdullah, and Abu Zaid Bakar. "Preliminary Development of Electric Motorcycle Engine for Sport Aviation Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.250.

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Анотація:
Flying activities of sport aviation vehicles normally use Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) for their powerplant, which emits Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and also produces noise. Environmental issues regarding harmful gas emission and noise may restrict the sport aviation activities and resulting in reduction of interest in flying as a sport activity. The feasible solution for this issue is by replacing the Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) with Electric Engines on all sport flying vehicles. The Modenas CTric Electric Engines was tested to measure the parameters required by comparable Internal Combustion Engine used by sport aviation flyers. Other parameters; engine endurance, temperature and performance, were also tested. The bench test was conducted using specially design test rig. The results show that there is a possibility for the Modenas CTric Motorcycles Electric Engine used as an alternate source of powerplant for paramotors and microlight aircraft. However, there is penalty on the vehicle payloads due to weight of the battery. Lighter battery technology integration is to be developed to reduce the weight of the flight vehicles. This study serves as a platform for further work in electric engine technology for commercial aircraft application. Availability of green engine (no emission and noise output) will generate more interest in sport aviation activities and prepare for the future commercial Electric Engine aircraft application.
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7

Senthur, N. S., H. Imamulhasan, H. RamGanesh, and S. Shafquath ibn sulthan. "Analysis of Green Fuel for Diesel Engine." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 923 (October 8, 2020): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/923/1/012061.

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8

Hooper, Peter R. "Investigation into a stepped-piston engine solution for automotive range-extender vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles to meet future green transportation objectives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 3 (May 30, 2017): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017698304.

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Securing the objectives for future high-efficiency low-carbon-dioxide vehicles is a key target for automotive manufacturers. This paper considers a high-durability two-stroke cycle engine in terms of performance and computational modelling of the emissions characteristics for automotive range-extender or hybrid electric vehicle power plant application. The engine uses novel segregated pump charging via the application of stepped pistons, and a comparison of the engine characteristics is made with those of a comparable four-stroke cycle engine of similar expected power output (more than 60 kW/l). In the interests of cost minimisation, both engines are limited to parallel two-cylinder in-line configurations with the intention of still being able to achieve acceptably low noise, vibration and harshness characteristics. In order to achieve low engine exhaust emissions, computational modelling of direct injection is considered for the stepped-piston engine. A significant reduction in the nitrogen oxide emissions of between 31% and 55% is observed.
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9

Srinivasnaik, M., Dr T. V. V. Sudhakar, and Dr B. Balu Naik. "Bio Diesel as an Alternative Green Fuel to Internal Combustion Diesel Engine." Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijiems.8062.

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10

Cherednichenko, Oleksandr, Valerii Havrysh, Vyacheslav Shebanin, Antonina Kalinichenko, Grzegorz Mentel, and Joanna Nakonieczny. "Local Green Power Supply Plants Based on Alcohol Regenerative Gas Turbines: Economic and Environmental Aspects." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092156.

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Анотація:
Growing economies need green and renewable energy. Their financial development can reduce energy consumption (through energy-efficient technologies) and replace fossil fuels with renewable ones. Gas turbine engines are widely used in transport and industry. To improve their economic attractiveness and to reduce harmful emissions, including greenhouse gases, alternative fuels and waste heat recovery technologies can be used. A promising direction is the use of alcohol and thermo-chemical recuperation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions of an alcohol-fueled regenerative gas turbine engine with thermo-chemical recuperation. The carbon dioxide emissions have been determined using engine efficiency, fuel properties, as well as life cycle analysis. The engine efficiency was maximized by varying the water/alcohol ratio. To evaluate steam fuel reforming for a certain engine, a conversion performance factor has been suggested. At the optimal water/methanol ratio of 3.075 this technology can increase efficiency by 4% and reduce tank-to-wake emission by 80%. In the last 6 months of 2019, methanol prices were promising for power and cogeneration plants in remote locations. The policy recommendation is that local authorities should pay attention to alcohol fuel and advanced turbines to curb the adverse effects of burning petroleum fuel on economic growth and the environment.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Green engine"

1

Hossain, Md Farhad. "Experimental investigation of thermochemically-derived fuels in a diesel engine." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/115545/1/Md.%20Farhad_Hossain_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is a comparative study on thermochemical conversion of biomass and waste feedstocks into fuels and is divided into two streams. The first investigates the use of wet microalgae feedstocks, using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), to produce biocrude. The second stream explores the use of dry waste tyre feedstocks using Green Distillation Technology (GDT), a modified pyrolysis process, to make tyre oil. An experimental investigation of the physicochemical properties of biocrude oil and tyre oil is made. Finally, the impact of the both fuels on a diesel engine was investigated.
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2

Goei, Elisabeth Rukmini. "Using Green Chemistry Experiments to Engage Sophomore Organic Chemistry." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1280437800.

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3

Von, Solms Charlayn Imogen. "Ingenuity's engine : an overview of the history and development of the concept of the muse." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16468.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: "The growth of any discipline depends on the ability to communicate and develop ideas, and this in turn relies on a language which is sufficiently detailed and flexible" (Singh 1997: 59). Many metaphors relating to creativity are too misleading, confusing, and restricted in scope for a meaningful exploration of the phenomenon and its fluctuating social and cultural contexts. Given the Muse's long-term association with literature, philosophy, education, and more recently, the fine arts and other "creative" fields, an analysis of this concept may provide a unique opportunity to gain insight into the "mechanisms" underlying the creative process. Since affiliation with the Muse appears to have signalled attainment of critical cultural and/or social status by cultural practitioners in various societies, from the ancient to the present (a category which was broadened substantially), it is thus logical to assume this concept encompasses and has accumulated characteristics particular to the creative process as historically and currently valued in Western culture. Given the limited scope of the thesis, I have focused on specific concerns: 1) Provide an overview of the history, origin and development of the concept via specific examples ranging from antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern. 2) Assess the changes which have occurred in the development of the concept, and postulate likely causes: such as for example, the impact of an increased focus on the visual - and by extension, the physical - due to a more literate populace, on a concept originally conceived of as experienced through predominantly audial means. 3) Identify closely related concepts, the characteristics of which may have played a role in the formulation of the initial concept, along with those integrated into it, to form the modern version of the Muse: examples include the influence of the myth of Pygmalion on notions regarding the poet's relationship with both material and Muse; and the consequences of an amalgamation of characteristics of Aphrodite with those of the pastoral Muse. 4) Explore the extent to which the Muse-poet interaction can reveal fundamental aspects of the creative process and its main components: the differences between the public invocation and experience of the Muse in an oral context, as opposed to the privately experienced Muse of the literate poet; also, the changes imposed on the concept's perceived means of functioning due to its extension to the practice of the visual arts; and the correlation between the Jungian notion of the anima and aspects of the Muse. 5) Postulate the fundamental aspects of the creative process as revealed by analysis of the concept of the Muse for further investigation. In brief then, the main intention of this thesis is simply to examine by analysis of particular examples, the feasibility of applying the concept of the Muse as metaphor through which to identify for further exploration, issues and themes relating to the production and changes in social assessment of creative enterprises.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: "The growth of any discipline depends on the ability to communicate and develop ideas, and this in turn relies on a language which is sufficiently detailed and flexible" (Singh 1997: 59). Menige metafore verbonde aan kreatiwiteit is te misleidend, verwarrend, of beperk in omvang vir 'n betekenisvolle ondersoek van díe verskynsel en die fluktueerende sosiale en kulturele kontekste daarvan. Gesien in die lig van die Muse se langtermyn assosiasie met letterkunde, filosofie, opvoedkunde en meer onlangs, the skone kunste en ander "kreatiewe" velde, mag 'n analise van die konsep moontlik 'n unieke geleentheid bied om insig te verkry in die onderliggende "meganismes" van die kreatiewe proses. Aangesien affiliasie met die Muse blyk om die bereiking van kritiese kulturele en/of sosiale status, deur kulturele praktisyne in verskeie samelewings, van die antieke tot die huidige ('n kategorie wat aansienlik uitgebou is) aan te dui, is dit dus logies om te aanvaar dat die konsep alomvattend is van eienskappe kenmerkend van die kreatiewe proses, soos geskiedkundig en huidig op prys gestel in die Westerse kultuur. Gegewe die beperkte bestek van die tesis, is gefokus op spesifieke kwessies: 1) Verskaf 'n oorsig van die geskiedenis, oorsprong, en ontwikkeling van die konsep deur spesifieke voorbeelde, in omvang vanaf die antieke, die middeleuse periode, en die moderne. 2) Evalueer die veranderinge wat voorgekom het in die ontwikkeling van die konsep, en veronderstel moontlike redes daarvoor: soos byvoorbeeld, die impak van vermeerderde fokus op die visuele - en daarby die fisiese - as gevolg van 'n meer geletterde bevolking, op 'n konsep wat aanvanklik hoofsaaklik ouditief ondervind is. 3) Identifiseer verwante konsepte, die eienskappe waarvan moontlik 'n rol kon gespeel het in die formulasie van die aanvanklike konsep, asook die wat daarby geintegreer is, om die moderne weergawe van die Muse te vorm: voorbeelde sluit in, die invloed van die mite van Pigmalion op begrippe aangaande die digter se verhouding met beide die materiaal en Muse; en die gevolge van 'n samesmelting van Aphrodite se karaktertrekke met die van die pastorale Muse. 4) Ondersoek die mate waartoe die Muse-digter verhouding fundamentele aspekte van die kreatiewe proses en sy hoof komponente kan ontbloot: soos die verskille tussen die publieke invokasie en ervaring van die Muse in 'n verbale konteks, in teenstelling met die geletterde digter wat die Muse privaat ondevind; asook die veranderinge temeegebring op die persepsies aangaande die konsep se funksionering as gevolg van die uitbreiding daarvan tot die visuele kunste; en die korrelasie tussen die Jungiaanse idee van die anima, en aspekte van die Muse. 5) Veronderstel die fundamentele aspekte van die kreatiewe proses, soos ontbloot deur analise van die konsep van die Muse vir verdere ondersoek. Kortliks dan, die hoof voorneme van hierdie tesis is om deur analise van spesifieke voorbeelde, die uitvoerbaarheid te ondersoek om die konsep van die Muse toe te pas as metafoor vir verdere navorsing waardeur kwessies en temas, aangaande die produksie en veranderinge in sosiale waardering van kreatiewe ondernemings, ge-identifiseer kan word.
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4

Cardfelt, Viktor, and Patric Boström. "Exploiting Opportunities in Green Building Certification : A study of how energy supply compaies can engage in the green building certification market." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Industriell ekonomi och organisation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28348.

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Анотація:
This study departed from a research basis being somewhat lacking in the context of green building certification and especially the two-folded problem, regarding the characteristics of the network of business relationships and how an energy supply company should exploit opportunities in this network context and its relationships. As such, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyse the network context and its business relationship characteristics, as well as to present recommendations of how an energy supply company can engage green building certification and cope with the business relationships in order to exploit business opportunities. Based on previous research regarding the real estate industry, energy service industry and the construction industry, a well-founded literature base could be extended further by applying theoretical concepts related to business relationship elements and strategy-making. The nature of green building certification and to fulfil the purpose of the study, called for a qualitative research strategy performed through a multiple-case study design. This led to the investigation of four certification projects, subject to certifications in the systems of EU GreenBuilding and Miljöbyggnad, where the most important actors, relationships and project contents constitute the empirical data. The findings of this thesis suggest that the relationships are characterized as having a short-term focus and an avoidance to become interdependent. In this manner elements such as commitment and adaptation are shown as rather shallow, where actions of commitment are not typically short-term sacrifices for a long-term mutual benefit and adaptations mostly occur with respect to specific projects. The adaptive behaviour is also more or less explained as a standardized procedure, avoiding relationship specific investments. Trust is an important element mostly in order to reflect the competence of the counterpart, where previous successful projects indicate the skill and knowledge. Despite the characteristics of the relationships, the benefits of long-term, high involvement, cooperative relationships were highlighted as good aspects to consider in this context. These characteristics, along with outspoken market demands, acted as the basis for the development of recommendations for an energy supply company in terms of a step-wise action framework. In this sense, the first acknowledgement of the framework is that the current position related to green building certification projects of an energy supply company is rather unestablished, with only one exception found. This implies a strategic approach in terms of understanding how to develop and maintain their business relationships, with respect to the previously mentioned characteristics. Through a successful utilization of the action framework (with respect to certain barriers to overcome), this thesis emphasizes a wide range of opportunities such as to have a proactive approach, maintain interactions between projects, to develop the knowledge, to offer a holistic approach and to utilize long-term cooperative relational benefits. The analysis and framework is highly suitable when applied by an energy supply company, but the authors also argue for the findings to be of relevance also for other practitioners in the context of green building certification. In addition, the authors believe that the orientation of this thesis might be a trigger for future similar research approaches, applied in different contexts.
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5

Acosta, Bogran Paola, and Daria Džaja. "How do SMEs engage in Green Public Procurement? : An exploratory study of SMEs' barriers and enablers for Green Public Procurement in Scotland." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-98071.

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6

HOOSHYARI, MARYAM. "Chemometrics Methods Applied to Non-Selective Signals in Order to Address Mainly Food, Industrial and Environmental Problems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/999673.

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Chemometrics is a chemical discipline that uses mathematical and statistical methods in order to extract useful information from multivariate chemical data. Moreover, chemometrics is applied to correlate quality parameters or physical properties to analytical instrument data such as calculating pH from a measurement of hydrogen ion activity or a Fourier transform interpolation of a spectrum. Aim of this thesis project is to develop chemometrical strategies for the elaboration and the interpretation of non-selective complex data in order to solve real problems in food, industry and environmental fields.
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7

Plitt, Sophia. "Digital tools for urban green infrastructure: : Investigating the potential of e-tools to inform and engage stewards." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170269.

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Анотація:
As the planet rapidly urbanizes and demand for locally-produced ecosystem services grows, the effective management of urban green infrastructure is increasingly important. A number of digital tools have recently been developed and released that share information and incite citizen participation in the governance, management and planning of urban green infrastructure. In this paper, I analyse six different e-tools within the context of New York City with a focus on the types of knowledge they share and the forms of participation they incite in relation to urban green infrastructure. I explore how e-tool knowledge exchange and participation relate to civic stewardship of urban green spaces, as stewards play a significant role in the local production of urban ecosystem services. The findings indicate that most e-tools are designed to share a large amount of data describing social-ecological systems. In many cases, the tool developers hope that through gaining knowledge about the system, users will develop an ethical consideration for the environmental resource and even take action as environmental stewards. Additionally, while many of the e-tools present complex, exploratory digital learning environments, many also combine virtual experiences with in-person trainings, workshops and coaching. These hybrid approaches harness the power of digital platforms to organize diverse social networks and share large amounts of data while employing more traditional on-the-ground organizing techniques and offer a way forward in an age of increasing dominance of digital data. Further research on these types of hybrid digital approaches is warranted. Future research on e-tool usership and connections to stewardship outcomes could enrich the understanding of how e-tools operate as well as their social-ecological potential and impact.
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Junior, Wilson Alves Ribeiro. "Enganos, enganadores e enganados no mito e na tragédia da Eurípides." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-16012012-141138/.

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O engano, enquanto reflexo da realidade, está representado em diversos gêneros literários e na literatura de várias épocas. Este trabalho analisa, primariamente, os antecedentes míticos, o léxico e a estrutura dramática dos enganos mencionados ou encenados em todas as tragédias conhecidas de Eurípides, completas ou fragmentárias. Precede a análise um breve estudo da teoria comportamental do engano e de sua presença na literatura antiga, notadamente a da Grécia (dos poemas homéricos até o fim do século -V), e um excurso sobre o engano na poesia pré-euripidiana e sua influência na tragédia grega. A última parte do estudo compreende uma sistematização da estrutura do engano euripidiano e de seu léxico.
Deception, as a reflex of our reality, can be found in many literary genres and literary compositions of all times. This work deals primarily with the mythical antecedents and with lexical and dramatical structure of deceits briefly described or staged in all known Euripides complete or fragmentary tragedies. A study on behavioral deception theory and its presence in ancient literature, specially in Greece from homeric poems until the fifth century B.C., with an excursus on deception in pre-euripidean poetry and its influence in Greek tragedy precedes the analysis. A systemization of lexical and structural characteristics of euripidean deception completes the study.
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Peres, Martin. "A holistic approach to green networking in wireless networks : collaboration among autonomic systems as a mean towards efficient resource-sharing." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0433/document.

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Les vingt dernières années ont vu l’émergence de systèmes sans fil dans la vie de tous les jours. Ils ont rendu possible la création de technologies telles que les téléphones portables, le WiFi ou l’internet mobile qui sont maintenant tenus pour acquis dans la société actuelle. L’impact environnemental des technologies de l’information et des communications connaît une croissance exponentielle et a atteint l’impact de l’industrie du transport aérien. L’initiative d’informatique verte a été lancée en réponse à cette observation pour réduire de 15 à 30% les émissions de gaz à effet de serre en 2020 comparé aux prédictions faites en 2002 afin de garder le réchauffement climatique inférieur à 2°C. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié des techniques d’économie d’énergie dans les réseaux sans fil et comment elles interagissent entre elles afin de donner une vue holistique des réseaux verts. Nous prenons également en compte l’usage du spectre radio fréquence qui est le moyen le plus utilisé pour les communications entre systèmes sans fil et qui devient une ressource rare à cause du besoin grandissant de notre société pour de la bande passante en mobilité. Cette thèse suit les couches réseaux avant de remonter les piles matérielleset logicielles. Des contributions ont été apportées à la plupart des couches afin de proposer un réseau sans fil autonome où les noeuds peuvent collaborer pour améliorer les performances du réseau, réduire de façon globale l’utilisation du spectre radio tout en limitant la consommation énergétique du réseau
The last twenty years saw the emergence of wireless systems in everyday’s life. They made possible technologies such as mobile phones, WiFi or mobile Internet which are now taken for granted in today’s society. The environmental impact of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has been raising exponentially to equate the impact of the airline industry. The green computing initiative has been created in response to this observation in order to meet the 15%-30% reduction in green-house gases by 2020 compared to estimations made in 2002 to keep the global temperature increasebelow 2°C. In this thesis, we studied power-saving techniques in wireless networks and how they interact with each others to provide a holistic view of green networking. We also take into account the radio frequency resource which is the most commonly usedcommunication medium for wireless systems and is becoming a scarce resource due to our society’s ever-increasing need for mobile bandwidth. This thesis goes down the network stacks before going up the hardware and software stack. Contributions have been madeat most layers in order to propose an autonomic wireless network where nodes can work collaboratively to improve the network’s performance, globally reduce the radio frequency spectrum usage while also increasing their battery life
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Transue, Samuel D. "Are building design rating systems effective towards the goal of sustainability in the design and construction of public and private buildings and how will new energy performance and sustainable design requirements affect the professional liability of building design professionals?" Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/524.

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The following paper will explore the future of sustainable building practices as it relates to building design rating systems and whether building design rating systems are effective in conserving energy and resources in the construction of new buildings. This paper will begin by highlighting some of the general principles behind sustainable design practices, and the challenges of determining if building design rating systems are utilized effectively towards the goal of sustainability. In addition, the paper will highlight issues specific to ongoing litigation in Gifford v. U.S. Green Building Council and allegations made within the lawsuit that question the methodology and efficacy of building design rating systems. How political and ideological influences have propelled sustainability practices into the mainstream, and to what extent government is and should be involved in regulating building design rating systems will also be explored. Lastly, how will new energy performance and sustainable design methodologies, which are now being required in the law, affect the professional liability of building design professionals in the future?
B.A. and B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Книги з теми "Green engine"

1

W, Awdry. Henry the green engine. New York: Random House, 2000.

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W, Awdry. Henry, the green engine. London: Kaye & Ward, 1986.

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1911, Awdry W., ed. Henry the green engine gets out. London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1989.

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W, Awdry. Henry, the green engine and the tunnel. New York: Random House, 1992.

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Awdry, W. The flying kipper and Henry the green engine. London: Heinemann, 1990.

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W, Awdry, and Stubbs Tommy, eds. Blue train, green train: A Thomas the Tank Engine story. New York: Random House, 2007.

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Minoli, Daniel. Designing green networks and network operations: Saving run-the-engine costs. Boca Raton: Auerbach Pub., 2010.

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Stubbs, Tommy. Blue train, Green train. New York: Random House, 2006.

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Stubbs, Tommy. Blue train, Green train. New York: Random House, 2006.

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Kegl, Breda, Marko Kegl, and Stanislav Pehan. Green Diesel Engines. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5325-2.

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Частини книг з теми "Green engine"

1

Kumar, Naveen, Harveer S. Pali, Ankit Sonthalia, and Sidharth. "Higher Alcohols as Diesel Engine Fuel." In Green Energy and Technology, 157–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2648-7_7.

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Mongia, Hukam C. "Low Emissions Propulsion Engine Characterization Process." In Green Energy and Technology, 13–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2648-7_2.

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Schmidt, Nils-Holger, Thierry Jean Ruch, Jasmin Decker, and Lutz M. Kolbe. "Ecosia.org: The Business Case of a Green Search Engine." In Green Business Process Management, 217–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27488-6_13.

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Luong, Minh Bau, and Hong G. Im. "Direct Numerical Simulation of Preignition and Knock in Engine Conditions." In Green Energy and Technology, 311–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2648-7_14.

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Chander, Subhash, and T. K. Jindal. "Proposed Thrust Profile Design of Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) for Aerospace Applications." In Green Energy and Technology, 85–102. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2648-7_4.

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Gadicha, Ajay B., Vijay B. Gadicha, and Om Prakash Jena. "E-Navigation: An Indoor System for Green City Sustainable Development Using a UGU Engine Architecture." In Green Engineering and Technology, 57–70. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. |: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003176275-4.

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Sakthivel, R., T. Mohanraj, P. Ganesh Kumar, and V. Sukhapradha. "Prediction and Optimization of CI Engine Performance Fueled with Biodiesel–Diesel Blend Using Response Surface Methodology." In Green Energy and Technology, 175–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8278-0_12.

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Parthiban, Gnaanavarun, G. Manikandaraja, and S. Malarmannan. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Ci Engine Fueled with Cottonseed Oil Blended Diesel and Additives of Kerosene." In Green Energy and Technology, 191–203. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8278-0_13.

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Korn, Thomas. "Sustainable mobility with hydrogen – The internal combustion engine becomes green." In Proceedings, 1465. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21194-3_115.

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Debnath, Rabisankar, G. R. K. Sastry, Aruntapan Dash, Ram Singh, and R. N. Rai. "An Experimental-Based Comparative Analysis of Undi Biodesel Blends with Diesel in a DI Engine Operating with AHP Method." In Green Energy and Technology, 141–51. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8278-0_10.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Green engine"

1

Taylor, Joshua, Jack Marshall, Arnol Ketros, Mansoor Mohammad, Stephan Jackson, and Rudy Molnar. "A "Green" Approach to Aircraft Engine." In 6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5704.

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Ramahi, Ahmad Al, and Sharul Sham Dol. "Hybrid Engine Analysis for Green Air Traffic." In 2022 International Conference on Data Analytics for Business and Industry (ICDABI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdabi56818.2022.10041459.

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Shu, Han, Zhang Zhiyuan, Li Li, and Ma Xiangping. "Research on Green Remanufacturing of Armored Vehicle Engine." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.111.

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Malozemov, A. A., V. S. Kukis, and A. V. Naumov. "Hybrid Power System with Variable Speed Diesel Engine." In 2018 International Ural Conference on Green Energy (UralCon). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uralcon.2018.8544335.

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Sazilin, Mat, S. B. Mohamed, A. Endut, M. F. M. Alkbir, R. Bwsar, A. Rosdi, and A. Syafiq. "Evaluation effect of plate electrode characteristics on engine speed performance in application of HHO generator for four-stroke engine." In GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE: ADVANCED AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Green Design and Manufacture 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066945.

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Xu, Haifeng, Melissa M. Bilec, Laura A. Schaefer, Amy E. Landis, and Alex K. Jones. "Ocelot: A wireless sensor network and computing engine with commodity palmtop computers." In 2013 International Green Computing Conference (IGCC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2013.6604482.

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7

Irfan, A. R., M. Z. M. Zarhamdy, S. M. Sazli Saad, H. M. Hafiz, and A. Azlida. "Cooling effectiveness of thermoacoustic heat engine systems development." In GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE: ADVANCED AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Green Design and Manufacture 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066953.

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Viet, Hung-Le, Dung-Do Van, Giang-Luong Huynh, and Thanh-Doan Minh. "Evaluation Of RV165-2 Engine Performance." In 2018 4th International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gtsd.2018.8595626.

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9

Chandler, Frank O. "Green Run Test of the Ablative Chambered Engine on the Mobile Rocket Engine Test Stand." In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1664.

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10

Hughes, Christopher, Dale Van Zante, and James Heidmann. "Aircraft Engine Technology for Green Aviation to Reduce Fuel Burn." In 3rd AIAA Atmospheric Space Environments Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3531.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Green engine"

1

Greenfeld, Bari, Margaret Kurth, Matthew Smith, Ellis Kalaidjian, Marriah Abellera, and Jeffrey King. Financing natural infrastructure : Exploration Green, Texas. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45601.

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This technical note is part of a series collaboratively produced by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)–Institute for Water Resources (IWR) and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC). It describes the funding process for Exploration Green, a largescale community initiative that transformed a former golf course into a multipurpose green space with flood detention, habitat, and recreation benefits. It is one in a series of technical notes that document successful examples of funding natural infrastructure projects. The research effort is a collaboration between the Engineering With Nature® (EWN®) and Systems Approach to Geomorphic Engineering (SAGE) programs of USACE. A key need for greater application of natural infrastructure approaches is information about obtaining funds to scope, design, construct, monitor, and adaptively manage these projects. As natural infrastructure techniques vary widely by location, purpose, and scale, there is no standard process for securing funds. The goal of this series is to share lessons learned about a variety of funding and financing methods to increase the implementation of natural infrastructure projects.
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2

Kalman, Joseph, and Maryam Haddad. Wastewater-derived Ammonia for a Green Transportation Fuel. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2041.

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The energy-water nexus (i.e., availability of potable water and clean energy) is among the most important problems currently facing society. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint in combustion related vehicles. However, ammonia production processes typically have their own carbon footprint and do not necessarily come from sustainable sources. This research examines wastewater filtration processes to harvest ammonia for transportation processes. The research team studied mock wastewater solutions and was able to achieve ammonia concentrations above 80%(nanofiltration) and 90% (reverse osmosis). The research team also investigated the influence of transmembrane pressure and flow rates. No degradation to the membrane integrity was observed during the process. This research used constant pressure combustion simulations to calculate the ignition delay times for NH3-air flames with expected impurities from the wastewater treatment processes. The influence of impurities, such as H2O, CO, CO2, and HCl, were studied under a range of thermodynamic conditions expected in compression ignition engines. The team observed carbon monoxide and water vapor to slightly decrease (at most 5%) ignition delay time, whereas HCl, in general, increased the ignition delay. The changes to the combustion chemistry and its influence of the reaction mechanism on the results are discussed. The experimental wastewater treatment study determined that reverse osmosis produced higher purity ammonia. The findings of the combustion work suggest that ignition delays will be similar to pure ammonia if HCl is filtered from the final product.
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3

Kalman, Joseph, and Maryam Haddad. Wastewater-derived Ammonia for a Green Transportation Fuel. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2041.

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The energy-water nexus (i.e., availability of potable water and clean energy) is among the most important problems currently facing society. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint in combustion related vehicles. However, ammonia production processes typically have their own carbon footprint and do not necessarily come from sustainable sources. This research examines wastewater filtration processes to harvest ammonia for transportation processes. The research team studied mock wastewater solutions and was able to achieve ammonia concentrations above 80%(nanofiltration) and 90% (reverse osmosis). The research team also investigated the influence of transmembrane pressure and flow rates. No degradation to the membrane integrity was observed during the process. This research used constant pressure combustion simulations to calculate the ignition delay times for NH3-air flames with expected impurities from the wastewater treatment processes. The influence of impurities, such as H2O, CO, CO2, and HCl, were studied under a range of thermodynamic conditions expected in compression ignition engines. The team observed carbon monoxide and water vapor to slightly decrease (at most 5%) ignition delay time, whereas HCl, in general, increased the ignition delay. The changes to the combustion chemistry and its influence of the reaction mechanism on the results are discussed. The experimental wastewater treatment study determined that reverse osmosis produced higher purity ammonia. The findings of the combustion work suggest that ignition delays will be similar to pure ammonia if HCl is filtered from the final product.
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4

Bandula-Irwin, Tanya, Max Gallien, Ashley Jackson, Vanessa van den Boogaard, and Florian Weigand. Beyond Greed: Why Armed Groups Tax. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.021.

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Armed groups tax. Journalistic accounts often include a tone of surprise about this fact, while policy reports tend to strike a tone of alarm, highlighting the link between armed group taxation and ongoing conflict. Policymakers often focus on targeting the mechanisms of armed group taxation as part of their conflict strategy, often described as ‘following the money’. We argue that what is instead needed is a deeper understanding of the nuanced realities of armed group taxation, the motivations behind it, and the implications it has for an armed group’s relationship with civilian and diaspora populations, as well as the broader international community. This paper builds on two distinct literatures, on armed groups and on taxation, to provide the first systematic exploration into the motivation of armed group taxation. Based on a review of the diverse practices of how armed groups tax, we highlight that a full account of their motivation needs to go beyond revenue collection, and engage with key themes around legitimacy, population control, institution building, and the performance of public authority. We problematise common approaches towards armed group taxation and state-building, and outline key questions of a new research agenda.
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5

Price, Roz. Climate Adaptation: Lessons and Insights for Governance, Budgeting, and Accountability. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.008.

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This rapid review draws on literature from academic, policy and non-governmental organisation sources. There is a huge literature on climate governance issues in general, but less is known about effective support and the political-economy of adaptation. A large literature base and case studies on climate finance accountability and budgeting in governments is nascent and growing. Section 2 of this report briefly discusses governance of climate change issues, with a focus on the complexity and cross-cutting nature of climate change compared to the often static organisational landscape of government structured along sectoral lines. Section 3 explores green public financial management (PFM). Section 4 then brings together several principles and lessons learned on green PFM highlighted in the guidance notes. Transparency and accountability lessons are then highlighted in Section 5. The Key findings are: 1) Engaging with the governance context and the political economy of climate governance and financing is crucial to climate objectives being realised. 2) More attention is needed on whether and how governments are prioritising adaptation and resilience in their own operations. 3) Countries in Africa further along in the green PFM agenda give accounts of reform approaches that are gradual, iterative and context-specific, building on existing PFM systems and their functionality. 4) A well-functioning “accountability ecosystem” is needed in which state and non-state accountability actors engage with one another. 5) Climate change finance accountability systems and ecosystems in countries are at best emerging. 6) Although case studies from Nepal, the Philippines and Bangladesh are commonly cited in the literature and are seen as some of the most advanced developing country examples of green PFM, none of the countries have had significant examples of collaboration and engagement between actors. 7) Lessons and guiding principles for green PFM reform include: use the existing budget cycle and legal frameworks; ensure that the basic elements of a functional PFM system are in place; strong leadership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and clear linkages with the overall PFM reform agenda are needed; smart sequencing of reforms; real political ownership and clearly defined roles and responsibilities; and good communication to stakeholders).
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Pokrzywinski, Kaytee, Kaitlin Volk, Taylor Rycroft, Susie Wood, Tim Davis, and Jim Lazorchak. Aligning research and monitoring priorities for benthic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins : a workshop summary. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41680.

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In 2018, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center partnered with the US Army Corps of Engineers–Buffalo District, the US Environmental Protection Agency, Bowling Green State University, and the Cawthron Institute to host a workshop focused on benthic and sediment-associated cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, particularly in the context of harmful algal blooms (HAB). Technical sessions on the ecology of benthic cyanobacteria in lakes and rivers; monitoring of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins; detection of benthic and sediment-bound cyanotoxins; and the fate, transport, and health risks of cyanobacteria and their associated toxins were presented. Research summaries included the buoyancy and dispersal of benthic freshwater cyanobacteria mats, the fate and quantification of cyanotoxins in lake sediments, and spatial and temporal variation of toxins in streams. In addition, summaries of remote sensing methods, omic techniques, and field sampling techniques were presented. Critical research gaps identified from this workshop include (1) ecology of benthic cyanobacteria, (2) identity, fate, transport, and risk of cyanotoxins produced by benthic cyanobacteria, (3) standardized sampling and analysis protocols, and (4) increased technical cooperation between government, academia, industry, nonprofit organizations, and other stakeholders. Conclusions from this workshop can inform monitoring and management efforts for benthic cyanobacteria and their associated toxins.
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7

Potts, Tavis, and Rebecca Ford. Leading from the front? Increasing Community Participation in a Just Transition to Net Zero in the North-East of Scotland. Scottish Universities Insight Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/19722.

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n line with Scottish Net Zero targets and the national strategy for a Just Transition, the Northeast of Scotland is transforming towards a low carbon future with a number of high-profile industry and policy initiatives. With the region home to global energy companies and historical high levels of energy sector employment, the narrative on transition is predominantly framed within an industrial and technological context, including narratives on new opportunities in green jobs, green industrial development, technical innovation and new infrastructure to support energy transition. As the energy landscape shifts in the North-East of Scotland, the impacts will be felt most keenly in communities from shifts in employment to changes to local supply chains. It is important to note that Net Zero ambitions will also change the nature and structure of communities in the region, for those within a shifting oil and gas industry and those without. A just transition ensures that all voices are heard, engaged and included in the process of change, and that communities, including those who have benefited and those who have not, have a stake in determining the direction of travel of a changing society and economy of the North-east. As a result, there is a need for a community-oriented perspective to transition which discusses a range of values and perspectives, the opportunities and resources available for transition and how communities of place can support the process of change toward Net Zero. Social transformation is a key element of a just transition and community engagement, inclusion and participation is embedded in the principles laid down by the Just Transition Commission. Despite this high-level recognition of social justice and inclusion at the heart of transition, there has been little move to understand what a just transition means in the context of local communities in the NorthEast. This project aims to address this imbalance and promote the ability of communities to not only engage but to help steer net zero transitions. It seeks to uncover and build a stronger local consensus about the vision and pathways for civil society to progress a just transition in the Northeast of Scotland. The project aims to do this through bringing together civil society, academic, policy and business stakeholders across three interactive workshops to: 1. Empower NE communities to engage with the Just Transition agenda 2. Identify what are the key issues within a Just Transition and how they can be applied in the Northeast. 3. Directly support communities by providing training and resources to facilitate change by working in partnership. The project funding supported the delivery of three professionally facilitated online workshops that were held over 2021/22 (Figure 1). Workshop 1 explored the global principles within a just transition and how these could apply to the Scottish context. Workshop 2 examined different pathways and options for transition in the context of Northeast Scotland. Workshop 3, in partnership with NESCAN explored operational challenges and best practices with community participants. The outcomes from the three workshops are explored in detail.
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Aly, Radi, James H. Westwood, and Carole L. Cramer. Novel Approach to Parasitic Weed Control Based on Inducible Expression of Cecropin in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586467.bard.

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Анотація:
Our overall goal was to engineer crop plants with enhanced resistance to Orobanche (broomrape) based on the inducible expression of sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP). A secondary objective was to localize small proteins such as SLP in the host-parasite union in order to begin characterizing the mechanism of SLP toxicity to Orobanche. We have successfully accomplished both of these objectives and have demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressing SLP under control of the HMG2 promoter show enhanced resistance to O. aegyptiaca and O. ramosa . Furthermore, we have shown that proteins much larger than the SLP move into Orobanche tubercles from the host root via either symplastic or apoplastic routes. This project was initiated with the finding that enhanced resistance to Orobanche could be conferred on tobacco, potato, and tomato by expression of SLP (Sarcotoxin IA is a 40-residue peptide produced as an antibiotic by the flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina ) under the control of a low-level, root-specific promoter. To improve the level of resistance, we linked the SLP gene to the promoter from HMG2, which is strongly inducible by Orobanche as it parasitizes the host. The resulting transgenic plants express SLP and show increased resistance to Orobanche. Resistance in this case is manifested by increased growth and yield of the host in the presence of the parasite as compared to non-transgenic plants, and decreased parasite growth. The mechanism of resistance appears to operate post-attachment as the parasite tubercles attached to the transgenic root plants turned necrotic and failed to develop normally. Studies examining the movement of GFP (approximately 6X the size of SLP) produced in tobacco roots showed accumulation of green fluorescence in tubercles growing on transformed plants but not in those growing on wild-type plants. This accumulation occurs regardless of whether the GFP is targeted to the cytoplasm (translocated symplastically) or the apoplastic space (translocated in xylem). Plants expressing SLP appear normal as compared to non-transgenic plants in the absence of Orobanche, so there is no obvious unintended impact on the host plant from SLP expression. This project required the creation of several gene constructs and generation of many transformed plant lines in order to address the research questions. The specific objectives of the project were to: 1. Make gene constructs fusing Orobanche-inducible promoter sequences to either the sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP) gene or the GFP reporter gene. 2. Create transgenic plants containing gene constructs. 3. Characterize patterns of transgene expression and host-to-parasite movement of gene products in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 4. Characterize response of transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill .) to Orobanche in lab, greenhouse, and field. Objectives 1 and 2 were largely accomplished during the first year during Dr. Aly's sabbatical visit to Virginia Tech. Transforming and analyzing plants with all the constructs has taken longer than expected, so efforts have concentrated on the most important constructs. Work on objective 4 has been delayed pending the final results of analysis on tobacco and Arabidopsis transgenic plants. The implications of this work are profound, because the Orobanche spp. is an extremely destructive weed that is not controlled effectively by traditional cultural or herbicidal weed control strategies. This is the first example of engineering resistance to parasitic weeds and represents a unique mode of action for selective control of these weeds. This research highlights the possibility of using this technique for resistance to other parasitic species and demonstrates the feasibility of developing other novel strategies for engineering resistance to parasitic weeds.
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter, et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.

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Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
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Comparative Analysis on Fuel Consumption Between Two Online Strategies for P2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) vs Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0740.

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Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) represent one of the main technological options for reducing vehicle CO2 emissions, helping car manufacturers (OEMs) to meet the stricter targets which are set by the European Green Deal for new passenger cars at 80 g CO2/km by 2025. The optimal power-split between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electric motor is a challenge since it depends on many unpredictable variables. In fact, HEV improvements in fuel economy and emissions strongly depend on the energy management strategy (EMS) on-board of the vehicle. Dynamic Programming approach (DP), direct methods and Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) are some of the most used methodologies to optimize the HEV power-split. In this paper two online strategies are evaluated: an Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) and an Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). At first, a description of the P2 HEV model is made. Second, the two sub-optimal strategies are described in detail and then implemented on the HEV model to derive the fuel-optimal control strategy managing the power split between the thermal and electric engine to satisfy the driver's power request, including the engine on/off operating mode and the best gear selection. Finally, the two proposed strategies are tested on different driving cycles and then compared to other commercial strategies available in literature, such as the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and a RuleBased (RB) strategy. The results show that the A-ECMS is more conservative in terms of state of charge (SoC) compared to the A-RB. In fact, in the A-ECMS the SoC is always within the admissible range with considerable margin from the upper and lower limits for tested cycles, while in the A-RB a deep discharge of the battery is allowed. This behavior leads to a better fuel consumption of the A-RB compared to the A-ECMS, both in the WLTC and in the FTP-75 cycle.
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