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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Grain trade China"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Grain trade China"

Lyons, Thomas P. "Grain in Fujian: Intra-provincial Patterns of Production and Trade, 1952–1988." China Quarterly 129 (March 1992): 184–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000041291.

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Over the past 20 years, studies of grain production and use in China have figured prominently in debates concerning economic efficiency, income disparities and the contours of the Maoist development strategy. Virtually all analysts now agree that grain production in China exhibited a strong tendency toward provincial self-sufficiency and that the inter-provincial grain trade declined during the Maoist era (from the 1950s to 1978), that provincial self-sufficiency obstructed efficient allocation of agricultural resources and contributed to the persistence of poverty, and that the tendency toward selfsufficiency is attributable partly to a policy of “grain first,” which promoted concentration upon grain production in every province regardless of comparative advantage. Recent studies point to significant changes in the pattern of grain production and trade since 1978 and trace these changes to relaxation of “grain first” and introduction of institutional reforms affecting the grain sector.

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Lyons, Thomas P. "Feeding Fujian: Grain Production and Trade, 1986–1996." China Quarterly 155 (September 1998): 512–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000049985.

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Recent years have seen a flurry of debate about China's ability to feed itself. In his article “Who will feed China?” and his book of the same title, Lester Brown predicted that China would need grain imports of 200 million tonnes by the year 2030 – an amount that would severely tax the world grain market. Scholars and journalists, both in China and abroad, have weighed in with contradictory analyses and predictions.

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Shiue, Carol Hua. "Grain Trade and Storeage in Late Imperial China." Journal of Economic History 60, no. 2 (June 2000): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700025237.

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SHIUE, CAROL HUA. "Grain Trade and Storage in Late Imperial China." Journal of Economic History 60, no. 02 (June 2000): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700250237.

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Felloni, Fabrizio, John Gilbert, Thomas I. Wahl, and Philip Wandschneider. "Trade policy, biotechnology and grain self-sufficiency in China." Agricultural Economics 28, no. 3 (May 2003): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2003.tb00136.x.

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Kostecki, M. M. "Canada's Grain Trade with the Soviet Union and China." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 30, no. 2 (November 13, 2008): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1982.tb01980.x.

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Shi, J., J. Liu, and L. Pinter. "Recent evolution of China's virtual water trade: analysis of selected crops and considerations for policy." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 4 (April 8, 2014): 1349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1349-2014.

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Abstract. China has dramatically increased its virtual water import over recent years. Many studies have focused on the quantity of traded virtual water, but very few go into analysing geographic distribution and the properties of China's virtual water trade network. This paper provides a calculation and analysis of the crop-related virtual water trade network of China based on 27 major primary crops between 1986 and 2009. The results show that China is a net importer of virtual water from water-abundant areas of North America and South America, and a net virtual water exporter to water-stressed areas of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Virtual water import is far larger than virtual water export, and in both import and export a small number of trade partners control the supply chain. Grain crops are the major contributors to virtual water trade, and among grain crops, soybeans, mostly imported from the US, Brazil and Argentina, are the most significant. In order to mitigate water scarcity and secure the food supply, virtual water should actively be incorporated into national water management strategies. And the sources of virtual water import need to be further diversified to reduce supply chain risks and increase resilience.

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Wang, Zongzhi, Lingling Zhang, Qing Zhang, Yi-Ming Wei, Jin-Wei Wang, Xueli Ding, and Zhifu Mi. "Optimization of virtual water flow via grain trade within China." Ecological Indicators 97 (February 2019): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.09.053.

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Sun, Lin, Mingxian Qi, and Michael R. Reed. "The effects of soybean trade policies on domestic soybean market in China during the food crisis." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-04-2016-0061.

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Purpose Many grain exporting/importing countries implement temporary trade policies to intervene in grain trade volume during food crises. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of Chinese soybean trade policies on the domestic soybean market during the food crisis. Design/methodology/approach A Markov switching error correction model is constructed for the empirical analysis. Market integration, market equilibrium and market stability are compared among three regimes: the normal state, crisis state and post-crisis state. In order to reduce the disturbance from external markets factors on the results, the US soybean market is selected as a control group in that it did not use any soybean intervention trade policies during the food crisis. Findings The empirical results indicate that China’s temporary soybean trade policies lead to a decrease in market integration between domestic and international soybean markets and a reduction in domestic soybean market stability. Originality/value It is the first time that China’s soybean market is selected as a sample and case on this issue. The regime shifting non-linear model could be more applicable because there exists a non-linear transmission relationship between grains markets during food crises. The results imply that China’s temporary soybean trade policies do not improve market integration and stability. China should reconsider implementing soybean trade intervening policies to protect the domestic market and safeguard food security.

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Shi, J., J. Liu, and L. Pinter. "Recent evolution of China's virtual water trade: analysis of selected crops and considerations for policy." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2013): 11613–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-11613-2013.

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Abstract. China has dramatically increased its virtual water import unconsciously for recent years. Many studies have focused on the quantity of traded virtual water but very few go into analysing geographic distribution and the properties of China's virtual water trade network. This paper provides a calculation and analysis of the crop-related virtual water trade network of China based on 27 major primary crops between 1986 and 2009. The results show that China is a net importer of virtual water from water-abundant areas of North and South America, and a net virtual water exporter to water-stressed areas of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Virtual water import is far larger than virtual water export and in both import and export a small number of trade partners control the supply chain. Grain crops are the major contributors to virtual water trade, and among grain crops soybeans, mostly imported from the US, Brazil and Argentina are the most significant. As crop yield and crop water productivity in North and South America are generally higher than those in Asia and Africa, the effect of China's crop-related virtual water trade positively contributes to optimizing crop water use efficiency at the global scale. In order to mitigate water scarcity and secure the food supply, virtual water should be actively incorporated into national water management strategies. From the national perspective, China should reduce the export and increase the import of water-intensive crops. But the sources of virtual water import need to be further diversified to reduce supply chain risks and increase resilience.

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Дисертації з теми "Grain trade China"

Huang, Fengqin 1975. "Optimal Grain Production and Distribution in China." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29908.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the configuration of China's grain production pattern and the implications for agricultural trade. A spatial equilibrium model is developed to optimize grain production and distribution in China and its trade relationship with its trade partners. This study focuses on four grain crops: rice, wheat, com, and soybeans. The model divides China into 31 producing regions and 31 consuming regions. The model also includes seven exporting countries and six Asian importing regions. Results indicate that China can improve its grain production and social welfare through production specialization under a free-trade environment. China could become a major wheat and soybean importer, and a com and rice exporter to Asian countries. The study also provides perspectives on U.S. exports to China and other Asian countries.

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Shea, Esther Yi Ping. "The political economy of China's grain policy reform." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5393.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-235) Develops a coherent theoretical framework to analyse the formulation of grain procurement policy for the entire history of the PRC. An optimization model is constructed to capture Chinese policy makers' preferences regarding the competing objectives of sectoral income distribition and food security, as well as the factors governing the trade-off between thes two objectives and the choice of policy instruments. Also analyses the impacts of China's accession to WTO on its grain sector. To explain the numerous failures of China's grain policy, studies the problems arising from policy formulation and implementation.

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Chang, Min. "The effect of grain trade liberalization on food security of grain farm households in China /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Tangen, Alyssa. "The Impacts of Expected Structural Changes in Demand for Agricultural Commodities in China and India on World Agriculture." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29866.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the changes in import and export demand in China and India on the United States and global agriculture in 2018. A spatial equilibrium model is developed to optimize production and trade in China, India, and other major importing and exporting regions in the world. This research focuses on four primary crops: wheat, com, rice and soybeans. In the model China and India are divided into 31 and 14 producing and consuming regions, respectively. The model also includes five exporting countries and ten importing countries/regions. The results indicate that India will be able to stay largely self-sufficient in 2018 and China will increase its soybean and com imports to meet rising domestic demand. The research also gives perspectives on production and trade in the United States and other major exporting and importing countries.

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Liang, Heng. "Contractual arrangements and labor incentives in rural China in the late 1980's." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/34007987.html.

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Книги з теми "Grain trade China"

Guonan, Ma, and Australia. East Asia Analytical Unit., eds. Grain in China: A report = [Zhongguo liang shi yan jiu bao gao]. Canberra: East Asia Analytical Unit, Dept. of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 1992.

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Effects of grain marketing systems on grain production: A comparative study of China and India. New York: Food Products Press, 1997.

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China's economic relations with the West and Japan, 1949-79: Grain, Trade, and diplomacy. London: Routledge, 2005.

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Tsung, Pʻing. Economics of marketable surplus supply: A theoretical and empirical analysis for China. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.

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Tang chao cang lin zhi du chu tan. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 1986.

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Tang chao cang lin zhi du chu tan. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 1986.

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Office, General Accounting. Agricultural trade: Long-term bilateral grain agreements with the Soviet Union and China : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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Office, General Accounting. Agricultural trade: Long-term bilateral grain agreements with the Soviet Union and China : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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Office, General Accounting. Agricultural trade: Long-term bilateral grain agreements with the Soviet Union and China : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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Office, General Accounting. Agricultural trade: Long-term bilateral grain agreements with the Soviet Union and China : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Grain trade China"

"China’s Grain Trade: Recent Developments." In Grains in China, 163–75. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351157087-21.

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"China’s Future Grain Demand and International Trade Reforms." In Grains in China, 212–31. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351157087-23.

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"Quotas and Grain Production in China." In Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, 131–56. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315199658-19.

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"China’s Grain Trade: Some Policy Considerations." In Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, 41–52. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315199658-13.

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Timmer, C. Peter, and James R. Jones. "China: An Enigma in the World Grain Trade." In East-West Agricultural Trade, 153–80. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429038440-6.

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Alborn, Timothy. "Trade." In All That Glittered, 65–78. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190603519.003.0005.

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After 1820, most Britons recognized that the tight money supplies created by the gold standard had the effect of periodically depressing economic activity. These downturns also linked gold to poor harvests, since grain imports drained the metal from the Bank of England, and protectionists predicted disastrous consequences for the country under free trade, owing to the additional strains that such imports would place on gold reserves. This chapter places these mercantilist anxieties in the context of older fears of bullion drains to India and China, since the arguments in the 1830s echoed earlier Orientalist ethnographies, and examines the liberal response, which tried to divert attention away from gold and toward the Bank’s lending practices. Class fissures widened in a political system that secured the fortunes of financiers (through the gold standard) and landed aristocrats (through the Corn Laws) but left factory owners and urban laborers on the outside looking in.

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"Sources of Growth and Supply Response: A Cross- Commodity Analysis of China’s Grain Sector." In Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, 289–324. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315199658-27.

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Lu, Feng. "China’s WTO accession: the impact on its agricultural sector and grain policy." In Agriculture and Food Security in China: What Effect WTO Accession and Regional Trade Arrangements? ANU Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/afsc.06.2008.03.

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"Feedgrain Demand and Implications for Foodgrain Consumption and Trade." In Grains in China, 232–42. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351157087-24.

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"Regional Feedgrain Demand, Supply and Trade Flows after the WTO Accession." In Grains in China, 176–211. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351157087-22.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Grain trade China"

Li, Cheng, and Wu Di. "Virtual cultivated land trade and sustainable utilization of cultivated land in main grain production regions in China." In 2013 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2013.6586432.

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Portella, Ricardo B., Luiza F. Andrade, Tomazo Garzia Neto, and Nelson Coelho. "Single-Pour/Single Pass Loading: An Innovative Concept for a New Generation of Ore Carriers." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49589.

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Bulk Carriers have been developed since 1950 to carry large quantities of non-packed commodities such as grains, coal and iron ore. Nowadays, there are some 5,000 bulk carriers around the world and this number points to some concerns that affect owners of these types of ship and ports. One of these problems is the big waiting time at the ports that reaches 12% of the global fleet around the world at any given moment. At Brazilian iron ore ports the time waiting average was of 6–8 days during 2006–2008. A concrete example is the VALE operation that responds from mineral resources exploration to mineral resources delivery, passing through mines, railroads, seaport terminals and shipping business, forming a logistic chain that can not be interrupted by the expected growth in trade and consequent port congestion. In view of this, PROJEMAR and VALE faced the challenge of designing ore carriers in such a way that it would not interfere with the logistics chain by delaying other ships at the loading or discharge terminal. As the cargo operation is taken as the initial point of the design conception, the expected final product is a ship able to safely take loading rates as high as 16,000 tons of ore per hour, with each hold loaded in one pour and the ship fully loaded in one pass, resulting in fewer pours into the holds of the ore carrier, faster loading operations and, consequently, a significant economy for the ship owner and for the port. The amount of extra steel needed over conventional designs: less than one percent. The fundamental idea of this new concept, which PROJEMAR calls “single-pour, single-pass” design, is a method of ballast control that is synchronized with the cargo loading, scientifically deballasting the ship during loading in a way that balances the forces induced by the incoming cargo. Potential hull loading stress problems can occur due to the manner in which ore cargoes are loaded and due to the amount of cargo which is loaded in an individual hold. To avoid the creation of any unacceptable stresses in the ship’s structure, loading studies considering the planning of cargo loading and discharging operations, maximum allowable and minimum required mass of cargo for each hold and for adjacent holds as a function of the draught at mid-hold position in form of hold mass curves, calculations of still water shear forces and still water bending moments for each port loading condition and structural analysis are required to be developed on the early design stages. This ship loading concept is creating a new generation of ore carriers in such a way that the main class societies are nowadays developing new specific class notation dedicated to these ships. The purpose of this paper is to present the “single-pour, single pass” concept development and how it has been applied to the design of the new 400,000 DWT ore carriers that are being built for VALE in Chinese and Korean shipyards, and to the 80,100 DWT Bauxite Carrier that are being built for LOG-IN in Brazil. The “single-pour, single pass” concept was also partially considered on the design of 12 VLCCs that are being converted to VLOCs for VALE in China with PROJEMAR’s design.

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