Готові списки джерел за темами / Government market regulation

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Government market regulation"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Government market regulation"

1

Yelshibayev, R. K. "State regulation of the securities market of the Republic of Kazakhstan." BULLETIN OF THE KARAGANDA UNIVERSITY. ECONOMY SERIES 101, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ec1/152-161.

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Object: The purpose is to identify promising directions for the development of the securities market of the Republic of Kazakhstan and reform the system of its government regulation. Methods: The study used methods of empirical, subject-object, system, deductive and comparative analysis. Each of these methods was used adequately to its functional capabilities and resolving abilities for solving the corresponding stage research tasks. Findings: As a result of the research by the author:  features of the securities market as an object of government regulation are studied;  infrastructure support of the system of government regulation of the securities market of the Republic of Kazakhstan was examined;  assessment of the current state of the securities market of the Republic;  system problems of government regulation and market development are investigated;  promising areas of reforming the securities market of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its government regulation system are developed and scientifically substantiated. Conclusions: A shift of focus from problems of legal support of the system of government regulation of the securities market of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the problem of primary transparency and reliability of the market in terms of economic integration and global coronacrisis will allow achieving the following targets:  share market capitalization to GDP will double if new IPOs are held by corporate issuers;  RFCA will join the group of ten leading financial centers in Asia;  access to financial services for a wide range of consumers will be provided;  increase of financial literacy of the population, protection of interests of potential investors and safety of savings of market participants will be ensured.
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2

Galchynska, Ju. "IMPROVEMENT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF BIOENERGY MARKET." Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, no. 7 (April 18, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2019.7.64.

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3

Marichova, Aneta. "Efficiency of the construction market and need for government regulation." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ouacsce-2017-0004.

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Abstract For a long time in economic theory and practice, regulation is only linked to the need for state intervention in monopolistic markets, by developing uniform, simple regulatory rules to limit and control the monopoly power, the monopoly price, mergers and acquisitions between companies in the same industry and others. In recent years the prevailing opinion that government regulation is particularly necessary in oligopolistic markets where there are several leading, dominant companies that can influence the price, quantity and quality of the product offered. However, this regulatory policy should not apply to common rules and taking into account the specifics of the market/industry, market structure (concentration level) of the various market segments and the relevant economic activity. The aim of the study: 1) Evaluation of the efficiency of the construction market, 2) Demonstrate the need for government intervention, 3) Guidelines for the implementation of the regulatory function of the government.
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4

Bedin, Boris. "Possible Focus Areas of Government Regulation of the Real Estate Market." Известия Байкальского государственного университета 28, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2018.28(3).508-516.

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The housing problem is relevant for many countries, including Russia. The solution of this problem is impossible without active and meaningful participation by the state. The residential real estate market has specific characteristics that significantly distinguish it from other markets. The article highlights the features of the residential real estate market as an object of government regulation. The author describes specific features of the government as a subject of management of the residential real estate market, substantiates rationale for the active participation of the state in the management of the real estate market, and outlines possible directions of government regulation of the residential real estate market. The author also describes the Russian experience of implementing certain measures in the framework of direct and indirect forms of government regulation of the residential real estate market as well as the results of such events.
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5

Aaskoven, Lasse. "Redistributing under fiscal constraint: partisanship, debt, inequality and labour market regulation." Journal of Public Policy 39, no. 3 (July 16, 2018): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x18000193.

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AbstractLabour market regulation varies significantly, both within and between developed democracies. While there has been extensive research and debate in economics on the consequences of labour market regulation, the political causes for levels and changes in labour market regulation have received less scholarly attention. This article investigates a political economy explanation for differences in labour market regulation building on a theoretical argument that labour regulation can be used as a nonfiscal redistribution tool. Consequently, partisanship, the demand for redistribution and government budget constraint jointly determine whether labour market regulation will increase or decrease. Consistent with this argument, panel analyses from 33 Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development countries reveal that labour market regulation increases under left-wing governments that face increased market inequality and high government debt.
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6

D'Hollander, David, and Axel Marx. "Strengthening private certification systems through public regulation." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2014): 2–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-04-2013-0016.

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Purpose – Private certification systems (PCS) have emerged as governance tools for sustainable development, regulating social and environmental standards through global supply chains. PCS are seen as essentially private and market-driven, but governments have engaged with them in various ways. There are also substantial differences in the institutional design of PCS with regard to the standard-setting process, ex-ante conformity assessment and ex-post verification procedures. Consequently, what determines the institutional design of PCS has attracted growing attention. This article argues that governments, through public regulation, influence the design of PCS, which in turn affects their effectiveness. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – First, a review of academic literature, policy and legal documents presents how PCS have become institutionalized in government policy, focusing on sustainable public procurement (SPP) regulation. Second, the authors explore the link between effectiveness and the institutional design of PCS by empirically assessing the variations between institutional parameters conducive to effectiveness. Data from the Ecolabel Index database were used to assess the presence or absence of four institutional design parameters related to the rule-making and monitoring mechanisms of PCS. Findings – Public procurement regulations are important drivers influencing the institutional design of PCS. The buying power and market share of government spending is a potential tool for policy-makers not only to stimulate the adoption of PCS, but also for shaping their design and effectiveness. However, the impact of such policies is highly dependent upon the market-share of public procurement within a given sector. In addition to public procurement frameworks, other factors drive the institutional evolution of PCS. Originality/value – The article connects two themes within the study of non-state market regulation; the growing interaction of governments with PCS, and the institutional variety and development of these systems.
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7

Awaga, A. L., W. Xu, L. Liu, and Y. Zhang. "Evolutionary game of green manufacturing mode of enterprises under the influence of government reward and punishment." Advances in Production Engineering & Management 15, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 416–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14743/apem2020.4.375.

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Green production mode is an advanced manufacturing mode. However, due to the environmental externality of green production, it is different for a pure market mechanism to promote the evolution of green operation mode of manufacturing enterprises. Government regulation is very important. This paper establishes an evolutionary game model of whether manufacturing enterprises choose to implement green production mode when the government implements two different mechanisms of reward and punishment. Considering the complexity of strategy selection of enterprises' green production behaviour under market competition, the method constructs the simulation analysis model of enterprises' green product production behaviour with multi-subject participation. We can simulate the influence of these factors on the strategic choice of both parties (enterprises and governments) by changing the different influence factors, and studying the evolutionary law of different government guidance and regulation strategies on the production behaviour of green products. These factors include government incentives, penalties, reputations, costs, differences in the cost of implementing green production on the corporate side, corporate reputation, and false rewards or penalties. By the computer implementation of multi-subject modelling, the results show that enterprises' green product production behaviour needs the government's guidance and regulation. When formulating relevant policies, the government should combine various guidance and regulation strategies and fully consider the influence of market competition.
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8

Fridman, A. A., and M. A. Verbetskaia. "Government regulation of the market for higher education." Journal of the New Economic Association 45, no. 1 (2020): 12–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2020-45-1-1.

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9

Shen, Liang, and Yu Yan Wang. "The Limit Price Strategy Analysis of Integrated Medicine Supply Chain Based on Government Regulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 2553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.2553.

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Considering the integrated medicine supply chain, and introducing the government limit pricing and subsidy mechanism, the pricing strategy of integrated medicine supply chain was studied in this paper. And the optimal strategy in the face of market fluctuations caused by unconventional emergencies based on government regulation was given. The study shows that, under different subsidy levels, the optimal production volume, retail price and profit of the supply chain are related to production cost, market size, government regulation and government subsidy; governments limit price regulation on medicines is welfare for both consumers and retailers, and it is favorable for medicine supply chains normal development.
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10

Melnyk, Viktoriia. "Specific features of government regulation of Ukraine’s agriculture market." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(92) (March 3, 2019): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.02.036.

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Introduction. The necessity of government regulation of Ukraine’s agriculture market is determined by the unique features of Ukrainian agricultural sector and its significance for the food safety. The structural transformations of the internal and external environments have had a major impact on the development of agriculture and the national economy as a whole. Since the current challenges are getting deeper in the conditions of globalization processes, the research of this issue is of relevance. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to provide a rationale for theoretical, methodological and strategic principles of government regulation of agriculture at this point of time. Methods. The theoretical and methodological framework of the study includes the dialectic method of thinking and a holistic integrated approach to the issue of government regulation of Ukraine’s agriculture market. The methods of deduction, analysis and synthesis are used to study the concepts of government regulation of agriculture market and its basic components, namely, market, government, regulation, agricultural products. Analysis and monographic method are used to identify specific features of government regulation of agricultural production with respect to international practices of government regulation. Logical grouping is applied for describing the key trends in the development and support of agricultural sector. Results. The article systematizes and describes specific features of government regulation of agriculture market with regard to its main components, namely, market, government, regulation, agricultural production. The author considers the factors that determine distinctive features of government regulation of agriculture in Ukraine, taking into account world experience in government regulation. Within the context of discussing government regulation of agriculture market, special attention is drawn to government investment and innovation policy. The strategic areas of government regulation of agribusiness operation and development are described. The paper suggests ways of improving government performance and increasing its efficiency in enhancing Ukraine’s agricultural production. It is determined that government regulation of agricultural production is implemented through a set of measures that are aimed at promoting better conditions for producing agricultural goods. At present, the main areas of development and support for the agricultural sector by the government and the key goals of government regulation of agriculture include: quality assurance and competitiveness of domestic agricultural production; conservation and restoration of natural resources; creation of an effective market and development of its infrastructure. Discussion. The article claims that further studies should be aimed at seeking innovative techniques of institutional transformations, which create a basis for effective agriculture market.
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Дисертації з теми "Government market regulation"

1

Lau, Sun-wo, and 劉新和. "Government regulation of futures market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263264.

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Lau, Sun-wo. "Government regulation of futures market /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12316854.

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3

Moye, Ashley. "Market Orientation in Government Markets and Veteran-Owned Small Businesses." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125164.

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Inadequate resources, poor market strategy, competition, contract regulation, and disparate performance outcomes are issues small business owners face while competing for government contracts. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the market orientation-business performance relationship and the influence of market factors among veteran-owned small businesses competing for government contracts in the United States. A survey with adapted MARKOR and Government Regulation Lassez-Faire scales was administered to 203 veteran-owned small business owners. Resource-advantage theory served as the theoretical foundation for this study. The results of the multiple linear regression were significant, suggesting that market orientation relates to firm performance and total contract revenue. However, the regression models had a poor fit, with R2 values ranging from .019 to .094, suggesting that significant results of this study lacked the power to conclude predictive accuracy. Market orientation did not significantly relate to contract bid to win rate and number of years in the government market. The PROCESS moderation analysis provided mixed results for market factors’ influence on the market orientation relationship with business performance outcomes. Study participants were market-oriented, with few seeing corresponding success. The introduction of new variables is necessary to make future models useful. Implications for positive social change include guidance for better-fitting models, ones that will inform the efforts to improve the survivability of small businesses in the B2G market. Veteran-owned small business owners should not waste resources on market orientation as a sole strategic focus for capturing and winning government contracts.

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4

Goliath, Venecia Patricia. "A descriptive overview of product regulation in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7784.

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Magister Commercii - MCom
The private market, if left to its own devices, often fails to achieve economic and social efficiency. Some of the problems relate to the existence of externalities, the inability to provide public _..goodsand services, lack of information and failure to achieve other objectives such as greater equality, sustainable economic growth, higher levels of employment and stable. prices. It is these instances of market failure that provide the major justification for government intervention in the market.
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5

Karminska-Bielobrova, Marina. "State implementation mechanisms association agreement between the EU and Ukraine." Thesis, Наука и икономика, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/36648.

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Foreign Ukraine's integration into the global economy plays an important role in the development of the national economy, which is why Ukraine is interested in supportive environments that simplifies access to foreign markets and ensure stable trade flows through continuous improvement of competitiveness of domestic production. Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union is a new format of relations aimed at establishing a deep and comprehensive free trade agreement Ukraine - the EU and the gradual integration of Ukraine into the EU internal market.
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6

Leonard, Simon Brett. "Geographies of labour market regulation : industrial training in Government Training Centres and Skillcentres in Britain and London, 1917-93." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1608/.

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This thesis is concerned with one aspect of the state's intervention into industrial training in Britain, namely the policy programmes which constituted between 1917-93 the Government Training Centre and subsequent Skillcentre networks. These training initiatives are presented as one example of government's attempts at national and local labour market regulation and governance, placed within the context of industrial, social and political change within Britain and Greater London. This analysis of state intervention and policy formulation is set into a theoretical and explanatory framework which is both historically and geographically located. The thesis is structured into three distinct parts. Part one establishes the theoretical framework and is based upon a critique of selected local labour market research maintaining that an interpretation of regulation theory, involving the identification of sub-national landscapes of labour regulation and governance, offers an important basis for the study of labour market process within any particular geographical context. Part two provides a detailed presentation of the development of state-funded adult industrial training in Britain from the instructional factories of 1917, through the subsequent Government Training Centre and Skillcentre initiatives and concluding with the privatisation and eventual closure of the Skillcentre network in 1993. This historical perspective is presented in terms of nine distinct regulatory periods and a series of distinctive geographies of labour market regulation. Part three sets the findings of a survey of Skillcentre trainees in Greater London into this context. Skillcentre catchment areas in London in the early 1980s are identified and interpreted in terms of both contemporary processes of labour market change and the residual consequences of policy formulation and implementation derived under previous conditions of regulatory need. Access to Skillcentre training in the local labour market context of Greater London is seen to be the outcome of the intersection and interaction of a range of economic, social and political processes, operating over time and at a variety of spatial scales.
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7

Лук`янихін, Вадим Олександрович, Вадим Александрович Лукьянихин, Vadym Oleksandrovych Lukianyhin та В. А. Овчаренко. "Теоретичні основи державного регулювання ринкового господарства в Україні". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33338.

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В залежності від характеру впливу держави в особі державних органів влади на основних учасників ринкового процесу та їх взаємодії на ринку розрізняють три типи ринків: нерегульований, регульований (частково регульований) та централізовано керований. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33338
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8

Prosečová, Kristina. "Regulace trhu s tabákovými výrobky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262289.

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The Diploma Thesis deals with the regulation of the tobacco market. The first part is dedicated to the theoretical view on regulation. It describes the historical development of the different points of view on regulation within economic schools, then it characterizes different types of market failure and within those it shows possible solutions in form of regulatory measures. The second part of the diploma thesis deals with tobacco and tobacco products market. In this chapter the current situation on the market is analyzed and some trends are derived, the chapter also deals with the largest producers of tobacco products nowadays. The last chapter deals with current tobacco control legislation. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and current European tobacco control legislation are looked at in detail and there is a comparison conducted of the level of tobacco market regulation in different parts of the world. The last part of the thesis delivers the evaluation of the level to which the current tobacco regulation is in line with the economic theory of regulation.
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Filip, Jan. "Diplomová práce Vliv 1. světové války na odborovou činnost v USA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199288.

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In my master thesis I focus on the effect of World War 1 on labour unions power in the United States of America. The goal is to answer these questions: What factors influenced position of labour unions at the beginning of the 20th century? How did the position of labour unions change during World War I? World War I was already a second experience with war economy in the history of the USA (remember American Civil War). For the first time, though, labour unions played important role in the American economy. I have decided to analyze the effect of World War I on position of labour unions because I consider it an important one. In Chapter one I will analyze the influence of war inflation on real wages of employees and on the ratio between wages of union workers and non-union workers. Chapter two is dedicated to labour conditions (social programs, safety, unemployment benefits) and to their modifications which took place because of World War I. Chapter three is about labour legislation development (regulation of hours and wages, yellow dog contracts, anti-trust and immigration legislation) and its adjustments during the war years. In the Conclusion I sum up all the evidence and evaluate the influence of the World War I on the labour unions and their members.
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Школьник, Інна Олександрівна, Инна Александровна Школьник та Inna Oleksandrivna Shkolnyk. "Щодо необхідності реформування фінансового нагляду в Україні". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61122.

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Анотація:
Світова фінансова криза виявила існуючі проблеми та недоліки щодо організації та здійснення регулювання та нагляду у фінансовій сфері. Це у свою чергу призвело до реформування діючих систем як на національних рівнях, так і на рівні окремих регіонів та світовому рівні. Проблемами удосконалення системи регулювання та нагляду за фінансовим ринком у даний час займаються як економічно розвинуті країни, так і країни, що знаходяться на ранніх етапах розвитку їх фінансового ринку. З одного боку, є активна позиція щодо запровадження мегарегуляторів фінансового ринку, як запропоновано на рівні Європейського Союзу, з іншого боку, є робота щодо удосконалення діючої секторної структури регулювання фінансового ринку на прикладі США.
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Книги з теми "Government market regulation"

1

Roger, Sherman. Market regulation. Boston: Pearson Addison Wesley, 2008.

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2

Government's place in the market. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2011.

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3

Free the market!: Why only government can keep the marketplace competitive. New York: Portfolio, 2009.

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4

Chesnutt, Thomas W. Market responses to the government regulation of chlorinated solvents: A policy analysis. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1988.

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5

L, Weidenbaum Murray. Business and government in the global market place. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1995.

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6

Michael, Ollinger. Regulation, innovation, and market structure in the U.S. pesticide industry. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1995.

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7

Michael, Ollinger. Regulation, innovation, and market structure in the U.S. pesticide industry. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1995.

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8

Boddewyn, J. J. Barriers to trade and investment in advertising: Government regulation and industry self-regulation in 53 countries. New York, NY (342 Madison Ave., New York 10017): International Advertising Association, 1989.

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9

Chesnutt, Thomas W. The Market response to the government regulation of chlorinated solvents: A policy analysis. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1988.

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Asian perspectives on financial sector reforms and regulation. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute, 2011.

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Частини книг з теми "Government market regulation"

1

Leach, James A. "The Lure of Leveraging: Wall Street, Congress, and the Invisible Government." In Financial Market Regulation, 187–219. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6637-7_12.

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Yandle, Bruce. "Bootleggers and Baptists in the Market for Regulation." In The Political Economy of Government Regulation, 29–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0871-3_3.

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Saleuddin, Rasheed. "The Legacy, Causes and Relevance of Interwar Futures Market Regulation." In The Government of Markets, 279–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93184-5_6.

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4

Tiniç, Seha M. "Derivatives and Stock Market Volatility: Is Additional Government Regulation Necessary?" In Coping with Financial Fragility and Systemic Risk, 157–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2373-1_10.

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Albanese, Jay S. "Creating Legal Versus Illegal Gambling Businesses: How Proper Government Regulation Makes a Difference." In Dual Markets, 305–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65361-7_19.

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Redish, Angela, and Mark J. Flannery. "The Government’s Role in Payment Systems: Lessons from the Canadian Experience." In Governing Banking’s Future: Markets vs. Regulation, 161–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3868-0_9.

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Redish, Angela. "The Government’s Role in Payment Systems: Lessons from the Canadian Experience." In Governing Banking’s Future: Markets vs. Regulation, 161–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6714-7_12.

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Saito, Shinichi, Munenori Nomura, Fumitoshi Mizutani, and Francis Rawlinson. "Redefining the borders between public, social economy and for-profit organizations in the provision of public services." In Providing public goods and commons, 75–91. Liège: CIRIEC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.css1chap4.

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Japan’s public services including public utilities have traditionally been provided by the public sector with strong government involvement through regulation or ownership. In this chapter, we look at the current situation and the issues surrounding institutional reform in the field of public services. Although private participation is a possible option in some cases, the underlying market conditions are a determining factor. Some rural areas are facing major difficulties in maintaining public services and public infrastructure. Are there alternative ways of maintaining services and infrastructure in such areas? We describe options such as restructuring and the foundation of “social businesses”. The options discussed extend the former concept of PPP from the relationship between private operators and the public sector to one involving beneficiaries including local residents as well. Such social enterprises, which are independent both from the private commercial companies involved in service provision and of the public sector, are one means of regenerating local communities. The contribution thus indicates the shifting roles of the public sector from direct service provider towards a supporting intermediary.
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Kane, Edward J. "Government Officials as a Source of Systemic Risk in International Financial Markets." In Regulating International Financial Markets: Issues and Policies, 257–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3880-2_20.

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"Market failure and government regulation." In An Introduction to Capitalism, 187–96. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203100325-23.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Government market regulation"

1

Hu, Huilian. "Market,Government Regulation and Academic Corruption." In 2017 International Conference on Management, Education and Social Science (ICMESS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmess-17.2017.50.

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FREIMANIS, Kristaps, and Maija ŠENFELDE. "METHODOLOGY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF REGULATION COSTS IN THE BANKING MARKET." In International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.600.

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Purpose – In the field of the economics’ regulation researchers so far have built the conceptual framework showing how the deadweight loss of market failures decrease and costs of the government intervention increase with the increased level of the government intervention. In order to quantify relationships between the level of intervention, intervention costs and the deadweight loss with econometric models it is important to understand how to quantify the regulation costs as a part of intervention costs. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to find the appropriate methodology for the quantification of the regulation costs in the banking market. Research methodology – literature review (regarding theories), mathematical methods for quantification and econometric methods for validation purposes. Findings – research shows that in the assessment of regulation costs three main stakeholders should be included – microprudential regulator, macroprudential regulator and financial regulation’s policy maker. Research presents their cost assessment methodology. Its validation shows that in general methodology works as expected, i.e., higher government intervention levels lead to higher regulation costs, however this general rule has exceptions, which in authors’ view indicates that other factors have an impact on the cost levels. Research limitations – research shows how to assess the costs of main stakeholders based on the publicly available information. More precise view could be obtained if in the cooperation with authorities more details on certain cost items are received. Practical implications – research results will be used to assess all government intervention costs (other positions include compliance costs and other indirect costs) and finalize the quantification of the framework. Quantified framework could be used for more precise policy making regarding the regulation of the banking market. Originality/Value – research shows how to quantify the regulation costs of the banking market as currently there are only conceptual ideas.
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Liu, Hui. "Study on Market Regulation from the Government Regulation Innovation Perspective." In 4th International Symposium on Social Science (ISSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isss-18.2018.92.

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Debin Fang, Xianjia Wang, and Xiaohui Zhang. "Game analysis on government regulation for transmission and distribution company in electricity market." In 2006 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED 2006). IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20061650.

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Xin, Yue, and Xie Jianhui. "Notice of Retraction: The relationship between government regulation and technology options in telecom market." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5881649.

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Freimanis, Kristaps, and Maija Šenfelde. "Approach of scaling the level of government intervention in the financial market." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.591.

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In the field of the economics’ regulation researchers so far have built the conceptual framework showing how the deadweight loss of market failures decrease and costs of the government intervention in-crease with the increased level of the government intervention. In order to quantify relationships between the level of intervention, intervention costs and the deadweight loss with econometric models it is im-portant to understand how to apply coordinates for the data points to be included in the modelling. The main goal of the research presented in this paper is to find the unit measure for the asis of the independentvariable, i.e. to shape the categorical scale corresponding to the level of intervention.
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Lin, Lixian, Yuling Zhang, and Liang Ge. "Taxi pricing analysis under government price regulation —A Case study of Shenzhen taxi market." In 2011 International Conference on Transportation and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering (TMEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmee.2011.6199500.

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Gao, Yunrui, and Tianliang Liu. "How Market Force and Government Regulation Affect Flight Fare and Safety Investment: A Microeconomic Analysis." In 17th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480915.103.

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Haozhong, Hong. "Research on the measures of regulating the order of tourism market in Yunnan province from the perspective of government regulation." In Fifth International Conference on Public Management : International Collaboration for Innovated Public Governance (ICPM 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpm-18.2018.29.

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Jian Yang. "Opportunities and risks for energy suppliers: Market design, government regulation, reliability planning, credit crunch, and peer competition." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2008.4596425.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Government market regulation"

1

Grespin, Whitney. The Evolving Contingency Contracting Market: Private Sector Self regulation and United States Government Monitoring of Procurement of Stability Operations Services. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1004033.

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Jigjidsuren, Altantuya, and Bayar Oyun. Supporting the Regulation of Medicines in Mongolia: Experiences, Lessons Learned, and Future Directions. Asian Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220181-2.

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This paper describes the pharmaceutical sector in Mongolia and its reforms, including the results achieved, the challenges that remain, lessons learned, and future directions for ADB support. Before the 1990s, Mongolia’s pharmaceutical sector was fully owned and strictly regulated by the state. In the early 1990s, the Government of Mongolia started initial socioeconomic reforms as part of a transition to a market economy. This led to the full privatization and liberalization of the pharmaceutical sector, which created challenges that needed further reforms. The government requested ADB to support these reforms.
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Ozano, Kim, Andrew Roby, and Jacob Tompkins. Learning Journey on Water Security: UK Water Offer. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.026.

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The overarching goals for the UK in relation to global water security are to; tackle and reverse growing water insecurity and its consequences caused by depletion and degradation of natural water sources; and address poor water management and increasing demand. To do this, the UK has a well-developed water ‘offer’ that together can help reach the goal of global water security. This note details some of that water offer: UK water leadership: The UK developed the concept of modern sanitation and water supply, with an early example being the Victorian Bazalgette London sewer; Ownership and regulation: The UK has four models of ownership: government department in Northern Ireland, GoCo in Scotland, Mutual in Wales, and private companies in England. But the common thread is strong and clear, regulation to deliver the right outcomes for society; Competition and markets: The UK set up the world’s first water retail markets for business customers, delivering savings and environmental benefits. Similar market mechanisms are being developed for sewage sludge, which will help drive circular economy solutions; Innovation: The UK has a huge number of water tech start-ups and most water companies have labs and pilot schemes to support these fledgling companies. At the same time, the English regulator, Ofwat, has established a huge innovation fund, which along with the Scottish Hydro Nation initiative has made the UK the best place in the world for water innovation and tech.
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Kleiner, Morris, and Kyoung Won Park. Battles Among Licensed Occupations: Analyzing Government Regulations on Labor Market Outcomes for Dentists and Hygienists. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16560.

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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.

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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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Collington, Rosie, and William Lazonick. Pricing for Medicine Innovation: A Regulatory Approach to Support Drug Development and Patient Access. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp176.

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The United States represents the world’s largest market for pharmaceutical drugs. It is also the only advanced economy in the world that does not regulate drug prices. There is no upper threshold for the prices of medicines in the United States. List prices are instead set by manufacturers in negotiation with supply-chain intermediaries, though some federal programs have degrees of discretion in price determinations. In practice, this deregulated system means that drug prices in the United States are generally far higher than in other advanced economies, adversely affecting patient accessibility and system affordability. In this paper, we draw on the “theory of innovative enterprise” to develop a framework that provides both a critique of the existing pricing system in the United States and a foundation for developing a new model of pricing regulation to support safety and effectiveness through drug development as well as accessibility and affordability in the distribution of approved medicines to patients. We introduce a regulatory approach we term “Pricing for Medicine Innovation” (PMI), which departs dramatically from the market-equilibrium assumptions of conventional (neoclassical) economics. The PMI approach recognizes the centrality of collective investments by government agencies and business firms in the productive capabilities that underpin the drug development process. PMI specifies the conditions under which, at the firm level, drug pricing can support both sustained investment in these capabilities and improved patient access. PMI can advance both of these objectives simultaneously by regulating not just the level of corporate profit but also its allocation to reinvestment in the drug development process. PMI suggests that although price caps are likely to improve drug affordability, there remain two potential issues with this pricing approach. Firstly, in an innovation system where a company’s sales revenue is the source of its finance for further drug development, price caps may deprive a firm of the means to invest in innovation. Secondly, even with adequate profits available for investment in innovation, a firm that is run to maximize shareholder value will tend to use those profits to fund distributions to shareholders rather than for investment in drug innovation. We argue that, if implemented properly, PMI could both improve the affordability of medicines and enhance the innovative performance of pharmaceutical companies.
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Lazonick, William, and Matt Hopkins. Why the CHIPS Are Down: Stock Buybacks and Subsidies in the U.S. Semiconductor Industry. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp165.

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The Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) is promoting the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Act, introduced in Congress in June 2020. An SIA press release describes the bill as “bipartisan legislation that would invest tens of billions of dollars in semiconductor manufacturing incentives and research initiatives over the next 5-10 years to strengthen and sustain American leadership in chip technology, which is essential to our country’s economy and national security.” On June 8, 2021, the Senate approved $52 billion for the CHIPS for America Act, dedicated to supporting the U.S. semiconductor industry over the next decade. As of this writing, the Act awaits approval in the House of Representatives. This paper highlights a curious paradox: Most of the SIA corporate members now lobbying for the CHIPS for America Act have squandered past support that the U.S. semiconductor industry has received from the U.S. government for decades by using their corporate cash to do buybacks to boost their own companies’ stock prices. Among the SIA corporate signatories of the letter to President Biden, the five largest stock repurchasers—Intel, IBM, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, and Broadcom—did a combined $249 billion in buybacks over the decade 2011-2020, equal to 71 percent of their profits and almost five times the subsidies over the next decade for which the SIA is lobbying. In addition, among the members of the Semiconductors in America Coalition (SIAC), formed specifically in May 2021 to lobby Congress for the passage of the CHIPS for America Act, are Apple, Microsoft, Cisco, and Google. These firms spent a combined $633 billion on buybacks during 2011-2020. That is about 12 times the government subsidies provided under the CHIPS for America Act to support semiconductor fabrication in the United States in the upcoming decade. If the Congress wants to achieve the legislation’s stated purpose of promoting major new investments in semiconductors, it needs to deal with this paradox. It could, for example, require the SIA and SIAC to extract pledges from its member corporations that they will cease doing stock buybacks as open-market repurchases over the next ten years. Such regulation could be a first step in rescinding Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b-18, which has since 1982 been a major cause of extreme income inequality and loss of global industrial competitiveness in the United States.
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Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares, and Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.

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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agriculture in Portugal, which defends an integrated vision of the systems, where multiple interactions occur within and among the niche, the regime and the landscape levels. This approach has been employed in order to develop a critical analysis of the current state of the Portuguese organic agriculture sector, stressing the multiplicity of elements that are contributing to the agro-food system´s transformation into a more sustainable one. In fact, the agro-food system is related with climate change but also has connections with other domains such as public health, water management, land use and biodiversity. Therefore, it is affected by shifts in these areas. This analysis considers developments in increasing domestic organic production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports, exports, market innovations, and the sector´s reconfiguration. The organic sector´s increase has been attributed to European regulation, institutionalization, standardization, farmer certification, external (government) subsidy support programs, incremental market improvements (visibility and product access), the emergence of new retailers, the rise of supporting consumers and a shift away from conventional agriculture (Truninger, 2010; DGADR, 2019; Pe´er et al, 2019). However, together with positive incentives, this sector also faces numerous barriers that are hindering a faster transformation. Difficulties for the sector to date have included: product placement; a disconnect between production, distribution and marketing systems; high transport costs; competition from imports; European subsidies focused on extensive crops (pastures, olive groves, and arable crops), entailing a substantial growth in the area of pasture to the detriment of other crops; the fact that the products that are in demand (fresh vegetables and fruit) are being neglected by Portuguese producers; expensive certification procedures; lack of adequate support and market expertise for national producers; the hybrid configuration of the sector; and price. Organic agriculture as a niche-innovation is still not greatly contributing to overall agricultural production. The low supply of organic products, despite its ever-increasing demand, suggests that a transition to increased organic production requires a deeper and faster food system reconfiguration, where an array of distinct policies are mobilized and a diversity of actions take place at different levels (Geels, 2018; Pe´er et al, 2019). This paper will attempt to contribute an overall critical assessment of the organic sector´s features and evolution and will identify some of the main obstacles to be overcome, in order to boost the sustainability transition of the agro-food system in Portugal.
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Sturzenegger, Germán, Cecilia Vidal, and Sebastián Martínez. The Last Mile Challenge of Sewage Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by Anastasiya Yarygina. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002878.

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Access to piped sewage in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) cities has been on the rise in recent decades. Yet achieving high rates of end-user connection between dwellings and sewage pipelines remains a challenge for water and sanitation utilities. Governments throughout the region are investing millions in increasing access to sewage services but are failing in the last mile. When households do not connect to the sewage system, the full health and social benefits of sanitation investments fail to accrue, and utilities can face lost revenue and higher operating costs. Barriers to connect are diverse, including low willingness to pay for connection costs and/or the associated tariffs, liquidity and credit constrains to cover the cost of upgrades or repairs, information gaps on the benefits of connecting, behavioral obstacles, and collective action failures. In contexts of weak regulation and strong social pressure, utilities typically lack the ability to enforce connection through fines and legal action. This paper explores the scope of the connectivity problem, identifies potential connection barriers, and discusses policy solutions. A research agenda is proposed in support of evidence-based interventions that have the potential to achieve higher effective sanitation coverage more rapidly and cost-effectively in LAC. This research agenda must focus on: i) quantifying the scope of the problem; ii) understanding the barriers that trigger it; and iii) identifying the most cost-effective policy and market-based solutions.
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Finkelshtain, Israel, and Tigran Melkonyan. The economics of contracts in the US and Israel agricultures. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695590.bard.

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Research Objectives 1) Reviewing the rich economic literature on contracting and agricultural contracting; 2) Conducting a descriptive comparative study of actual contracting patterns in the U.S. and Israeli agricultural sectors; 3) Theoretical analysis of division of assets ownership, authority allocation and incentives in agricultural production contracts; 4) Theoretical analysis of strategic noncompetitive choice of agricultural production and marketing contracts, 5) Empirical studies of contracting in agricultural sectors of US and Israel, among them the broiler industry, the citrus industry and sugar beet sector. Background Recent decades have witnessed a world-wide increase in the use of agricultural contracts. In both the U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many crops, fruits, vegetables and livestock commodities. The increased use of agricultural contracts raises a number of important economic policy questions regarding the optimal design of contracts and their determinants. Even though economists have made a substantial progress in understanding these issues, the theory of contracts and an empirical methodology to analyze contracts are still evolving. Moreover, there is an enormous need for empirical research of contractual relationships. Conclusions In both U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many agricultural commodities. In the U.S. more than 40% of the value of agricultural production occurred under either marketing or production contracts. The use of agricultural contracts in Israel is also ubiquitous and reaches close to 60% of the value of agricultural production. In Israel we have found strategic considerations to play a dominant role in the choice of agricultural contracts and may lead to noncompetitive conduct and reduced welfare. In particular, the driving force, leading to consignment based contracts is the strategic effect. Moreover, an increase in the number of contractors will lead to changes in the terms of the contract, an increased competition and payment to farmers and economic surplus. We found that while large integrations lead to more efficient production, they also exploit local monopsonistic power. For the U.S, we have studied in more detail the choice of contract type and factors that affect contracts such as the level of informational asymmetry, the authority structure, and the available quality measurement technology. We have found that assets ownership and decision rights are complements of high-powered incentives. We have also found that the optimal allocation of decision rights, asset ownership and incentives is influenced by: variance of systemic and idiosyncratic shocks, importance (variance) of the parties’ private information, parameters of the production technology, the extent of competition in the upstream and downstream industries. Implications The primary implication of this project is that the use of agricultural production and marketing contracts is growing in both the US and Israeli agricultural sectors, while many important economic policy questions are still open and require further theoretical and empirical research. Moreover, actual contracts that are prevailing in various agricultural sectors seems to be less than optimal and, hence, additional efforts are required to transfer the huge academic know-how in this area to the practitioners. We also found evidence for exploitation of market powers by contactors in various agricultural sectors. This may call for government regulations in the anti-trust area. Another important implication of this project is that in addition to explicit contracts economic outcomes resulting from the interactions between growers and agricultural intermediaries depend on a number of other factors including allocation of decision and ownership rights and implicit contracting. We have developed models to study the interactions between explicit contracts, decision rights, ownership structure, and implicit contracts. These models have been applied to study contractual arrangements in California agriculture and the North American sugarbeet industry.
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