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Статті в журналах з теми "Goods circulation"
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Krasil’nikova, Elena Anatol’evna. "Development of Goods Circulation under the Influence of Digitization and Technological Transformations." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 10, 2021): 720–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2142.
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Fyl, Ruslan, and Galina Luk'yanova. "ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS AGAINST CONTROLLING GOODS TURNOVER." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 5 (February 8, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-5-165-169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this article is to describe the content of the economic and legal bases of counteraction to the circulation of counterfeit goods. Using systemic and formal-logical methods, the amount of economic losses is outlined and the magnitudes of consequences arising from the circulation of counterfeit goods for the state, patent holders, consumers and manufacturers of counterfeits are outlined. It has been stated that drugs, toys, agrochemicals, and foodstuffs are the most counterfeit at the moment and are not only supported by crime as a crime in the field of intellectual property, but also endanger the lives and healths. Considering the market of counterfeit goods described its features, which are that the operation indicated the author but due to factors such as low solvency of the population in developing countries; the inability to sell counterfeit products separately from the original products, due to the fact that the original products are used for masking in the sale of counterfeiting; lack of specialized equipment for establishing counterfeit goods and knowledge of the original; scale and narrow specialization of counterfeit goods market participants; the transnational nature of this market; splicing organized crime with law enforcement agencies; high profitability of counterfeit market. The practical importance of the research is the documentary analysis examines the international legal aspects of counterfeiting of such goods and notes that the rules of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, TRIPS and the EU Customs Regulation on Intellectual Property Observance set out measures to combat trafficking in goods that infringes intellectual property rights. Consequently, successfully tackling counterfeit goods trafficking requires a constant search for innovative methods of struggle. An effective strategy for overcoming this phenomenon should combine the various measures of its counteraction, all of them should be used in a coordinated and systematic way, complementing each other. Therefore, both economic and political management methods must be taken into account to overcome the counterfeit. And only their optimal combination will have the greatest effect in the formation of concepts of counteraction to the circulation of counterfeit goods. And this is definitely worth the effort since the innovative and economic development of the state depends on solving the problem of creating an effective system of protection of intellectual property rights. Methodology. A methodological framework of the economic and legal bases of counteraction to the circulation of counterfeit goods is defined by the complex of scientific cognition methods that allow us to look at this problem as a multi-aspect, interdisciplinary phenomenon. On the basis of the system, structural, systemic-functional and other scientific approaches, the idea of counteraction to the circulation of counterfeit goods has formed a complex systemic category covering the theoretical and practical level of economic and legal activity.
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Kononenko, S. V. "Tax administration object in the field of excisable goods circulation." Legal position 29, no. 4 (2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32836/2521-6473.2020-4.4.
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Bortko, Kamil, Patryk Pazura, Juho Hamari, Piotr Bartków, and Jarosław Jankowski. "From the Hands of an Early Adopter’s Avatar to Virtual Junkyards: Analysis of Virtual Goods’ Lifetime Survival." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071268.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the major questions in the study of economics, logistics, and business forecasting is the measurement and prediction of value creation, distribution, and lifetime in the form of goods. In ”real” economies, a perfect model for the circulation of goods is impossible. However, virtual realities and economies pose a new frontier for the broad study of economics, since every good and transaction can be accurately tracked. Therefore, models that predict goods’ circulation can be tested and confirmed before their introduction to ”real life” and other scenarios. The present study is focused on the characteristics of early-stage adopters for virtual goods, and how they predict the lifespan of the goods. We employ machine learning and decision trees as the basis of our prediction models. Results provide evidence that the prediction of the lifespan of virtual objects is possible based just on data from early holders of those objects. Overall, communication and social activity are the main drivers for the effective propagation of virtual goods, and they are the most expected characteristics of early adopters.
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Dennis, M. "Out of circulation: no trade mark infringement of goods in transit." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 3, no. 6 (April 14, 2008): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpn068.
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Santana-Acuña, Álvaro. "Aesthetic Labeling and Scale Shifting in Cultural Production and Circulation." Journal of World Literature 5, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 545–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00504004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Scholarship on production of cultural goods highlights translation of literary works as a key mechanism of cultural circulation. This article rethinks circulation beyond translation. It argues that changes in aesthetic labels applied to cultural goods can prompt a scale shifting that favors the diffusion of these goods beyond their vernacular space of circulation. This article studies the transnational success of the label literatura latinoamericana, which from the 1960s onward gained acceptance in Spanish, English, French, and other languages as the label that best captured the region’s literary uniqueness. This change in aesthetic labeling made it possible for literatura latinoamericana to enter world literature and for literary works such as One Hundred Years of Solitude to circulate at an unprecedented scale, as international bestsellers and classics. The article finds that aesthetic labeling – a “cultural kind” in the arts – is a far-reaching and understudied mechanism in cultural production and circulation.
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Frederickson, Kathleen. "Getting the Goods in Little Dorrit." Nineteenth-Century Literature 75, no. 2 (September 2020): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2020.75.2.159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kathleen Frederickson “Getting the Goods in Little Dorrit: Quarantine’s Queer Logistics” (pp. 159–183) Most queer readings of Charles Dickens’s Little Dorrit (1857) have focused on Miss Wade as a figure of proto-sexological pathology. Flipping critical attention to Tattycoram instead allows us to reexamine sexuality and quarantine in economic terms. Dickens chooses quarantine over other possible spaces of touch and confinement because it flags Tattycoram’s entry into the plot around these economics of circulation—the ability to profit from the movement rather than the production of commodities. In the 1820s, when Little Dorrit is set, a vocal anti-quarantine lobby was stridently lamenting the financial losses occasioned by holding goods in quarantine as they came into Europe from the Levant—a lament that was especially loud when it came to the costs incurred by northern mill owners who were importing increasingly large quantities of cotton from plague-prone Egypt. Dickens invokes the quarantine as the origin point of the connection between Tattycoram and Miss Wade to route a set of Gothic thematics through a scanty but significant plot structure that relies on what I call “logistical aesthetics,” by which I mean logistics rendered as form and tone, even when emptied of substantial parts of its diegetic function. Little Dorrit mixes its interest in the circulation of capital with the economics of inheritance, figured most prominently in the movement of the iron box containing the details of Arthur Clennam’s parentage. Tattycoram’s couriering of this box borrows the logistical urgency of anti-quarantine critique seemingly in the service of narrative resolution, drawing on logistics as a formal resource that substitutes narrative value for an absented economic value that, the novel suggests, occupies the place of her queerness. This joint focus on delivery and inheritance, moreover, strongly shapes the politics of kinship, intimacy, and desire for Tattycoram and Miss Wade.
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Gallardo, Francisco, Itací Correa, Gonzalo Pimentel, and José Francisco Blanco. "CONSUMPTION CONSUMES: CIRCULATION, EXCHANGE, AND VALUE OF SAN PEDRO DE ATACAMA BLACK POLISHED CERAMICS." Latin American Antiquity 28, no. 2 (June 2017): 252–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.15.
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Exchange goods contribute to social complexity and identity construction, but our knowledge of past practices associated with the circulation and consumption of such goods is limited. We explore the polished black ceramics of the San Pedro de Atacama oasis in northern Chile, which were widely traded during the first seven centuries A.D. In particular, we consider the relationships established between the agricultural and pastoral communities of the highland oases and the marine hunter-gatherers who inhabited the Pacific coast in order to examine the circulation and consumption of exotics as prestige goods.
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Tarasiutina, S. "FEATURES MERCHANDISING RESEARCH OF MEDICAL GOODS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 20, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2019.33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article outlines the issues of conducting forensic examination of medical goods. Attention is focused on regulating the turnover and sale of such goods by relevant regulatory and technical documents. According to the results of expert practice, the need for the creation of the research work “Methodological recommendations for merchandising research of medical goods” was revealed.
In order to optimize the work during the study, special attention is paid to the classification of goods. Despite the fact that the life and health of each of us depends on the safety and effectiveness of medical goods, the transparency and clarity of the settlement of legal relations in the production and circulation of these products guarantee its quality. Due to the imbalance of the economy, there is a cessation or a significant decrease in the volume of production of the pharmacy assortment, at the same time, the market is saturated with low-quality or counterfeit goods. The main areas of falsification: assortment, quality, value, quantitative, information. The careful application of merchandising analysis at all stages of product distribution, including when placing an order for a product, receiving it, evaluating it by quantity and quality, as well as when storing it in a pharmacy, pharmacy or medical treatment, can help eliminate or suspend these negative processes in practical pharmacy. preventive institution. Commodity analysis allows you to identify high-quality medical supplies by the organoleptic method, check their quantity, assortment accessories, evaluate their safety and the like. The following types of merchandising analysis are distinguished: documentary, qualitative, quantitative, assortment and complex. An integral part of any product is its labeling - a carrier of relevant information both about the product itself and about items related to its circulation. Starting January 1, 2019, mandatory marking was introduced using units of the International System (SI). Changes in the legislative framework regarding the taxation of medical goods affect their value.
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Bernadin, Viktor. "CONCEPTS AND CLASSIFICATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSES IN THE CIRCULATION OF EXCISABLE GOODS." Entrepreneurship, Economy and Law 12 (2019): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32849/2663-5313/2019.12.30.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Goods circulation"
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Matchette, Elizabeth Ann. "Unbound possessions : the circulation of used goods in Florence, c.1450-1600." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427044.
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Кононенко, С. В. "Адміністративно-правові засади адміністрування податків у сфері обігу підакцизних товарів". Thesis, НДІПП, 2021. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/18623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертаційне дослідження присвячено визначенню адміністративно-правових засад адміністрування податків у сфері обігу підакцизних товарів, а також виробленню пропозицій щодо вдосконалення національного законодавства в цій сфері. Розкрито загальну сутність адміністрування податків у сфері обігу підакцизних податків, визначено мету, завдання, функції та принципи цієї діяльності. Схарактеризовано систему суб’єктів відносин у досліджуваній сфері, зокрема розмежовано суб’єкти адміністрування податків та платників податків. Встановлено об’єкт і предмет, форми, методи та процедури адміністрування податків у сфері обігу підакцизних товарів. Виокремлено низку актуальних проблем та окреслено перспективні напрями вдосконалення адміністративного законодавства, яке регламентує відповідне адміністрування податків. Зауважено, що вдосконалення адміністрування податків у сфері обігу підакцизних товарів повинно розпочинатися із запровадження засад публічного адміністрування в цій сфері, що має виражатись у зміні підходів до суб’єктів відповідної діяльності як до надавачів послуг платникам податків та має відображатися на законодавчому рівні у відповідних формулюваннях і способах взаємодії. The thesis focuses on defining the administrative and legal ground for tax administration in excisable goods circulation, as well as on developing proposals for improving national legislation in this sphere. The work reveals the general essence of tax administration in the sphere of excisable goods turnover, defines the goal, objectives, functions, and principles of this activity. The system of subjects of relations in the area under consideration is disclosed and characterized. The object and subject, forms, methods, and procedures for administering taxes in the sphere of excisable goods circulation have been established. A number of topical problems in the area under study are highlighted and promising directions for improving the administrative legislation governing the corresponding taxes administration are outlined. It was emphasized that the improvement of tax administration in the excisable goods circulation area should begin with the introduction of the public administration foundations in this area, which should be expressed in a change in approaches to the subjects of relevant activities as providers of services to taxpayers and should be reflected at the legislative level in the appropriate formulations and models of interaction.
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Hémon, Jacques. "Le rôle de la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne dans le processus de constitution et d'évolution du marché intérieur des marchandises." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G007/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La jurisprudence de la CJUE correspond à un véritable mode d'emploi du marché intérieur des marchandises. En l'absence d'harmonisation, il revient en effet à la Cour d'arbitrer les choix conflictuels entre le principe de libre circulation des marchandises promu par le traité et les politiques non économiques défendues par les Etats membres de l'UE. Or, l'action du juge communautaire se caractérise par des interprétations ambitieuses du traité, mais au risque de sacrifier une ligne jurisprudentielle parfaitement claire. Notre analyse souligne à cet égard un compromis parfois critiquable entre les enjeux mercantiles, d'une part, et les impératifs non marchands, d'autre part. Elle promeut également une évolution vers une jurisprudence stabilisée signe d'une maturité dans la recherche du compromis nécessaire entre l'exigence d'un marché intégré et le respect des souverainetés nationalesThe influence of the Court of Justice of the EU on the evolution of the internal market for goods within the EU is at the heart of the issue to determine the degree of freedom that Community law intends to grant to the member states through the process of negative integration. The criteria selected by the judicial body of the EU to interpret and apply the provisions of the treaty are not neutral. Our analysis emphasizes a sometimes criticisable compromise between commercial issues on one hand, and non economic issues, on the other hand. It also promotes the idea that the time for a stabilised jurisprudence would be a sign of maturity in the search for a compromise between the need for an integrated market and respect of national sovereignties
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Neto, Antonio Gomes de Jesus. "Entre trilhos e rodas: fluidez territorial e os sentidos da circulação de mercadorias em Moçambique." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-21122016-130715/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Moçambique é historicamente conhecido por ser um território de escoamento da produção do hinterland da África Austral, principalmente dos seus vizinhos África do Sul, Suazilândia, Zimbabwe e Malawi. A orientação de suas ferrovias, construídas ao longo do período colonial da região, mostra um território divido por três redes ferroviárias distintas, ligadas cada uma delas a um dos principais portos moçambicanos (Maputo, Beira e Nacala), mas não interligadas entre si, conformando assim um território aparentemente pouco integrado e voltado ao seu exterior. Ainda que parte importante da circulação contemporânea de mercadorias em Moçambique continue a respeitar essa lógica extravertida, desde a independência do país, em 1975, o governo moçambicano vem reunindo esforços na tentativa de integrar seu território e configurar uma economia eminentemente nacional. Tal tarefa cabe, no que tange à circulação de mercadorias, ao modal rodoviário, através de inúmeras rodovias (quase nunca pavimentadas) e de diferentes operadores de transporte (desde empresas até motoristas autônomos e transportadores informais), que atuam não apenas na circulação interna de mercadorias, mas também naquela voltada ao exterior. Assim, com base na proposta de Milton Santos de compreender o espaço geográfico a partir de suas dimensões técnicas e político-normativas, esta dissertação busca fornecer um quadro da circulação de mercadorias em Moçambique, a partir de sua estruturação histórica e dos dois sentidos que a orientam no período contemporâneo a circulação extravertida e a circulação interna.Mozambique is historically known for being a drain region for the inner production of Southern Africa, especially its neighbors South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe and Malawi. The course of its railways, built throughout the colonial period in the region, shows a territory divided by three distinct rail networks, each one linked to a major Mozambican port (Maputo, Beira and Nacala) but not interconnected. This constitutes a territory apparently little integrated and turned to its exterior. Even though an important part of the contemporary circulation of goods in Mozambique stills follows this extraverted logic, since the countrys independence in 1975 the Mozambican government has been making an effort to integrate its territory and set up a national economy. When it comes to the circulation of goods, this is a task that depends on road transport by means of numerous roads (mostly unpaved) and different transport operators (such as companies, autonomous drivers and informal carriers). These operate not only internally but also outwards. Thus, based on Milton Santos\' proposal to understand the geographical space through its technical and political-normative dimensions, this dissertation attempts at providing a framework for the circulation of goods in Mozambique regarding its historical constitution and the two directions that orientate it in the contemporary period: the extraverted and the internal circulation.
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Кисельова, О. О. "Організація i методика обліку, аналізу і аудиту реалізації товарів". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
У роботі досліджено теоретичні і практичні аспекти реалізації товарів на підприємствах фармацевтичної галузі, їх облік, аналіз та аудит, а також розроблено шляхи їх удосконалення. Проаналізовано особливості реалізації товарів фармацевтичної галузі. Розроблено практичні рекомендації щодо удосконалення методики обліку, аналізу та аудиту реалізації товарів фармацевтичної галузі.В работе исследованы теоретические и практические аспекты реализации товаров на предприятиях фармацевтической отрасли, их учет, анализ и аудит, а также разработаны пути их совершенствования. Проанализированы особенности реализации товаров фармацевтической отрасли. Разработаны практические рекомендации по совершенствованию методики учета, анализа и аудита реализации товаров фармацевтической отрасли.
The theoretical and practical aspects of the realization of goods at the enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry, their accounting, analysis and audit, and ways of their improvement, are developed. The peculiarities of sales of goods in the pharmaceutical industry are analyzed. Practical recommendations for improving the method of accounting, analysis and audit of goods sales in the pharmaceutical industry have been developed.
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Leão, Cristiano Maciel Carneiro. "A emenda constitucional 33/01 e o "novo" ICMS - importação: manutenção da "transferência de titularidade" como núcleo constitucional da materialidade do ICMS - importação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7782.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-25The present work has the purpose of analyzing the amendments to the 1988 Federal Constitution resulting from the Constitutional Amendment n.º 33/2001, more specifically as regards to the ICMS Importation [State Goods and Services Circulation Tax]. As it is known, it is not a new matter that the States and the Federal District are trying to collect the ICMS Importation on every and any entrance of assets or goods to the country. They were lacking only the indispensable constitutional authorization in order to do that. The legislator of the aforementioned Amendment, on its side, tried to make effective the intention of the States and the Federal District, taking steps for the amendment of the constitutional archetype of the ICMS Importation so as such tribute could be collected at the time of every and any importation, regardless the nature of the operation arranged abroad, who/which is fostering it and, finally, the utilization to be given to the imported assets. It seems to us that the intention, as referred to, was very successful as regards to some of its purposes as the newest ICMS Importation can be collected by means of the in abstracto tribute levying as regards to assets or goods, not taking into account the utilization that will be given to them. However, the purpose of the Constitutional Amendment n.º 33/01 was not fully reached. This problem so happened because the Amendment had not the ability of modifying the archetype of the ICMS Importation so as such exaction could have an incidence over merely physical circulations. Due to that reason, it is our conclusion, and the conclusion of the present work, that in spite of the modification as implemented by the Constitutional Amendment n.º 33/01 regarding the ICMS Importation, the exaction, as referred to, may not have an incidence over mere physical circulation, but only over operations that have to do with juridical circulation that is made effective only with the transfer of the ownership of the asset or good
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as alterações da Constituição Federal de 1988 produzidas pela Emenda Constitucional n.º 33/2001, mais especificamente em relação ao ICMS Importação. Não é de agora que os Estados e o Distrito Federal vêm tentando operar a cobrança de ICMS Importação sobre toda e qualquer entrada de bens ou mercadorias no país. Faltava-lhes tão-somente a indispensável autorização constitucional para tanto. A Emenda tentou realizar o anseio dos Estados e do Distrito Federal promovendo a alteração do arquétipo constitucional do ICMS Importação, de modo que tal tributo pudesse ser cobrado por ocasião de toda e qualquer importação, independentemente da natureza da operação entabulada no exterior, de quem a promove e da destinação dos bens importados. Parece-nos que a intenção foi bem-sucedida em relação a parte de seus objetivos, pois o novel ICMS Importação pode ser cobrado mediante a instituição do tributo in abstracto relativamente a bens ou mercadorias independentemente da destinação que lhes for dada, o que afeta, necessariamente, o rol das pessoas que podem ser contribuintes de tal exação. O objetivo da Emenda Constitucional n.º 33/01, todavia, não foi alcançado integralmente. Isso porque a mesma não teve o condão de modificar o arquétipo do ICMS Importação para que tal exação pudesse incidir sobre circulações meramente físicas. Em razão disso, é nossa conclusão, e conclusão do presente trabalho, que, a despeito das modificações implementadas pela Emenda Constitucional n.º 33/01 quanto ao ICMS Importação, a pretendida exação não pode incidir sobre mera circulação física, mas tão-somente sobre operações que contemplem circulação jurídica, que só se opera com a transferência da titularidade de bem ou mercadoria
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Peureux, Virginie. "Recherche sur l'équilibre entre les droits nationaux de propriété intellectuelle et la liberté communautaire de circulation des marchandises : la mise en oeuvre de la théorie de l’épuisement des droits." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans le contexte du conflit opposant le principe de libre circulation des marchandises et les droits de propriété intellectuelle, le dilemme auquel ont été confrontées les autorités nationales et communautaires était de savoir si les autorités nationales devaient renforcer la protection des titulaires de propriété intellectuelle (courant conservateur) ou accroître le libre accès aux monopoles (courant libertaire). Sans se prononcer pour l'un des deux courants de manière radicale, le droit communautaire prône une solution en demi-teinte avec la théorie de l'épuisement, clairement ancrée dans le panorama de la propriété intellectuelle. Ultérieurement à la première mise en circulation des produits couverts d'un droit de propriété intellectuelle, sur le territoire communautaire, par le titulaire lui-même ou avec son consentement, ce dernier n'est plus légitimé à invoquer son droit privatif détenu dans un Etat membre afin d'interdire les opérations commerciales ultérieures ainsi que l'importation de produits mis en circulation dans un autre Etat membre pour lequel il bénéficie d'une protection identique. De cette étude, il ressort que si, à l'origine, les instances communautaires ont raisonné davantage en termes d'opposition, le conflit se résout, désormais, en termes de complémentarité, les droits de propriété intellectuelle impliquant des enjeux économiques majeurs dans notre économie de marché. La jurisprudence et les législateurs communautaires et nationaux ont su au gré des casuistiques trouver un juste équilibre entre les intérêts des différents acteurs de l'économie de marché que sont les titulaires de droit, les consommateurs-utilisateurs et les exploitantsThe dilemma in which the national and the European authorities had to face in the context of the conflict between the principle of the free movement of goods and the intellectual property rights was to know if the national authorities had to reinforce their protection of the intellectual property holders (conservative trend) or to increase their monopoly free access (libertarian trend). The European law did not vote for any of the two trends but chose a half-tone solution with the “exhaustion theory”, clearly anchored in the intellectual property panorama. From now on, once a good is put on the market for the first time, covered by a intellectual property right, on European market, by the owner himself or with his agreement, this person can no longer ask for his private right owned in another member state in order to prohibit further commercial actions such as importation of goods put on the market in another European member country that has as a similar protection. In this study emerges the fact that, if at the beginning, the opposition was the reasoning process of the community authorities to solve the conflicts in intellectual property rights, now with the major economic stakes in our market economy the complementarity prevails. Community and national authorities have found the right balance for the interests of all the different characters in the market economy who are the holder of rights, the consumers-users and the industrials
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Sevin, Jean-Claude. "La desserte maritime et terrestre de l’Europe en trafics conteneurisés à l’horizon 2030." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0767/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La mondialisation se manifeste comme une évidence ordinaire, à tous les coins de la planète. Comme beaucoup de nos contemporains, nous sommes persuadés de vivre un phénomène complètement inédit. Pour l’historien économiste, parler de mondialisation au singulier reviendrait à ignorer toutes les autres. Il n’est donc pas question ici de nier la vigueur de l’actuelle mondialisation, mais de bien saisir l’ampleur d’un phénomène permanent désormais lié à la conteneurisation. C’est d’ailleurs à la lumière du passé qu’on peut le mieux comprendre les débats actuels et appréhender l’avenir. Mais l’avenir est en grande partie déterminé par un certain nombre de facteurs de changement. S’il n’est pas possible de prédire l’aboutissement final du jeu de ces facteurs, on peut néanmoins spéculer sur la façon dont chacun d’eux peut influer sur l’avenir de l’économie européenne en général, et sur les conséquences qui peuvent en résulter pour la desserte de l’Europe en trafic conteneurisé. Certains de ces facteurs peuvent directement influer sur les points forts et les points faibles des modèles existants ; d’autres peuvent avoir des impacts indirects.Ce travail de thèse se veut un essai dédié à tous les praticiens et universitaires intéressés par le commerce maritime. Ce n’est pas un écrit de certitudes ou bien encore un concentré d’érudition; il ne cherche pas à traiter de tous les aspects du transport maritime et de l’histoire économique de l’Europe. L’Europe, qui ne représente que 7% des terres émergées, est une péninsule bordée de trois cotés par la mer et qui ne dispose sur le quatrième coté d’aucune limite géographique particulièrement nette la séparant du reste du continent eurasiatique. Cette Europe géographique a d’ailleurs rarement coïncidé avec l’Europe économique. Il faut, en effet, considérer que la vaste région d’Europe de l’est et du Sud-est fut envahie et asservie par des conquérants non européens, dont elle ne fut libérée qu’au bout de plusieurs siècles. En fait, l’Europe a toujours été à géométrie variable, ce qui est normal, car elle est une résultante depuis les temps antiques de toutes les invasions et de tous les échanges eurasiatiques. Après la découverte des Amériques, les Européens ont développé le commerce à l’échelle de la planète et imposé leur hégémonie jusqu’en 1914. Aux épices et autres objets orientaux, se sont ajoutés les produits des « Indes occidentales». Cette position centrale, acquise grâce à une supériorité démographique et technique procède d’un double impérialisme économique et centralisateur d’abord contesté au début du 20ème siècle et aujourd’hui largement condamné. Avec d’énormes capacités de transport et de très bas coûts, la conteneurisation accompagne depuis plus de cinquante ans la mondialisation et a totalement révolutionnée le transport de lignes régulières des marchandises diverses. Dès lors, une question permanente touchant à la globalisation des échanges et à la navigation vient se poser sous différentes formes dans cette thèse à savoir l’accès au marché mondial de L’Europe lié assurément à la performance des infrastructures de l’Europe mais plus encore à la circulation planétaire. L’avenir de l’Europe passe inéluctablement par la Méditerranée et il est contrarié par un « effet de ciseau » mettant en péril l’insertion des pays du sud de cette Méditerranée dans le processus de mondialisation. L’Europe a un rôle majeur à jouer dans cette région mais elle ne fait rien ou presque face à l’émergence des puissances asiatiques et latino-américaines. Si l’on attend qu’elle ait trouvé son «chemin de Damas», le risque est évident de voir à l’horizon 2030 disparaître la position centrale de l’Europe. Inversement, une projection raisonnable laisse prévoir un système global de commerce et de navigation centré sur l’océan Indien et les mers de Chine, les flux de trafics européens devenant graduellement périphériques dans une nouvelle circulation planétaireThroughout the world globalisation exists as an everyday reality. Like many of our contemporaries, we are convinced that we are experiencing a completely new phenomenon. For the economic historian, talking about globalisation in the singular would mean ignoring all the others. It is not the purpose of this essay to deny the vigour of the current globalisation, but to grasp the size of a permanent phenomenon, which is now linked to containerisation. In fact, with the benefit of hindsight and a study of the past, we can understand better the current debates and possible future developments. But the future is largely determined by a certain number of change factors. If it is not possible to predict the final outcome of these changes, nonetheless, we can speculate on the way each might influence the future of the European economy, in general, and on the consequences which can result from the provision of containerised transport throughout Europe. Some of these factors can directly influence the strengths and weaknesses of the existing models; others can have indirect impacts.This thesis is an essay which is aimed at all the practitioners and university specialists interested in maritime trade. It is not a text about certitudes, nor a piece of condensed scholarship; the objective is neither to cover every aspect of maritime transport nor the economic history of Europe. Europe, which only represents 7% of the global land mass, is a peninsula bordered on three sides by the seas and does not have a neat geographical border on the fourth side separating it from the rest of the Eurasian continent. This geographical Europe has rarely coincided with an economic Europe. We must consider that the vast regions of east and south-east Europe were invaded and enslaved by non-European conquerors, and were liberated only after many centuries. In fact Europe has always had a variable geometry, which is normal, because, since ancient times it has been the result of all the different invasions and Eurasian trade. After the discovery of the American continent, Europeans developed commerce on a worldwide scale and imposed their hegemony until 1914. Spices and other oriental products were added to the products from the “East Indies”. This central position, obtained because of a demographic and technical superiority, stems from an economic and centralizing imperialism, challenged at the start of the 20th century and today largely condemned.With enormous transport capacities and very low costs, containerisation has accompanied globalisation for more than fifty years and has totally revolutionised the transport on regular lines of different merchandise. Henceforth, a permanent question about the globalisation of trade and navigation appears in different forms in this thesis; this is that access to the global market of Europe is certainly linked to the performance of European infrastructure but even more to global traffic. The future of Europe is inevitably linked to the Mediterranean and is thwarted by the “price scissors effect” which puts at risk the involvement of southern Mediterranean states in the process of globalisation. Europe has a major role to play in this region, but it does nearly nothing in response to the emergence of Asian and Latin American powers. If we wait for Europe to find its “road to Damascus”, there is a risk that by 2030 it will have lost its central role. On the other hand a reasonable prediction is that there will be a global system of trade and navigation centred on the Indian Ocean and the China seas, while European traffic gradually becomes peripheral to a new global containerised transport circulation
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Guedria, Mohamed. "Modélisation et évaluation des livraisons urbaines à base de petits véhicules." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0206/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le VRP permet de modéliser la problématique du TMV. Pour autant dans sa version la plus simpliste il ne peut convenir aux nouvelles contraintes qui renforcent la complexité de l’environnement urbain tel que la congestion. Raison pour laquelle ce travail se positionne en premier sur un TDVRP (Time-Dependent-Vehicle-Routing-Problem) dans le but de représenter au mieux le contexte urbain actuel. La résolution de ces deux problèmes est efficace, entraînant une réduction du nombre de véhicules supplémentaires nécessaires en raison des retards de congestion peuvent être éliminés. Mais cette solution n’est pas sans conséquence pour les clients finaux puisque son but est d’éviter le passage aux heures de pointes et cela peut engendrer des retards de livraison. Pour cette raison nous voulons proposer une nouvelle solution qui permet de résoudre le problème du chemin le plus court et en intégrant la dépendance au temps (TDVRP). Cette solution se repose sur une meilleure exploitation des véhicules, en premier lieu, pour réduire le nombre de véhicule sur la route. Ce problème s’appelle MT-VRP (Multi-Trip VRP) qui a été évoqué en 2007 par (Azi, et al. 2007). Dans un deuxième temps nous voulons proposer un MT VRP qui utilise différents types de véhicule en termes de capacité de chargement. Dans cette optique vient notre travail qui propose une nouvelle solution de MTTDVRP (TW avec fenêtres de temps) en testant une nouvelle solution en utilisant un véhicule léger de faible capacité de chargement (type tricycle) dans un but de réduire les nuisances liés au TMVThe VRP makes it possible to model the problem of TMV. However, in its most simplistic version it cannot be adapted to the new constraints which reinforce the complexity of the urban environment such as congestion. This is why this work is placed first on a TDVRP (Time-dependent-Vehicle-Routing-Problem) in order to best represent the current urban context. The resolution of these two problems is effective; resulting in a reduction in the number of additional vehicles needed due to congestion delays can be eliminated. But this solution is not without consequences for end customers since its goal is to avoid the switch to peak hours and this can lead to delivery delays. For this reason we want to propose a new solution that solves the problem of the shortest path and integrating time dependency (TDVRP). This solution relies on better operation of vehicles, in the first place, to reduce the number of vehicles on the road. This problem is called MT-VRP (Multi-Trip VRP) which was raised in 2007 by (Azi, et al. 2007). In a second step we want to propose a MT VRP that uses different types of vehicle in terms of loading capacity. In this perspective comes our work that proposes a new solution of MTTDVRP (TW with time windows) by testing a new solution using a light vehicle of low load capacity (tricycle type) in order to reduce the nuisance associated with TMV
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Durand, Étienne. "Électricité de source renouvelable et droit du marché interieur européen." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’Union européenne conduit une ambitieuse politique de développement des énergies renouvelables, visant à porter à 20 % la part de ces dernières dans la consommation énergétique européenne à l’horizon 2020. A cet effet, le législateur européen sollicite des Etats membres qu’ils mettent en œuvre des soutiens nationaux à la production d’électricité renouvelable, susceptibles de relever du champ de l’interdiction des entraves et des aides d’Etat. Parallèlement, la politique de réalisation du marché intérieur de l’énergie impose aux Etats membres de libéraliser le secteur économique dans lequel s’inscrit l’électricité renouvelable. Par l’observation des règles du marché intérieur, la thèse évalue l’articulation entre ces objectifs visiblement contradictoires. Si la finalité environnementale qui sous-tend le développement de l’électricité renouvelable justifie une inflexion des règles du marché intérieur, elle favorise les cloisonnements nationaux et fait naître une concurrence normative entre les Etats membres. Chacun d’eux use de l’attractivité de son droit pour inciter les opérateurs économiques à exploiter des sources d’énergie nationales, indépendamment de leur répartition naturelle à l’échelle européenne. L’observation empirique de ce phénomène met en évidence les risques qu’il fait peser sur la cohérence globale de l’action de l’Union dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables. En prenant appui sur certaines évolutions du droit positif et de la pratique des acteurs privés sur le marché, la thèse évalue les hypothèses de renouvellement des mécanismes du marché afin qu’il devienne un instrument à part entière de promotion de l’électricité renouvelable dans l’Union européenneThe European Union is pursuing an ambitious policy to develop renewable energy aimed at increasing its share to 20% in the European energy consumption by 2020. To that extent, the European legislator requests from all Member States that they implement national support for the production of renewable electricity, which may fall within the scope of the ban on restrictions and State aids. In parallel, the policy of achieving the internal energy market requires the Member States to liberate the economic sector in which renewable electricity is used. By observing the rules of the internal market, the thesis evaluates the articulation between these objectives that seem contradictory. While the environmental goal underlying the development of renewable electricity justifies an inflexion of the rules of the internal market, it promotes national separation and gives rise to normative competition between the Member States. Each of them uses the attractiveness of its own laws to persuade the economic operators to exploit national energy sources, independently of their natural distribution on a European scale. The empirical observation of this phenomenon highlights the risks it poses to the overall coherence of the European Union’s action in the field of renewable energies. By using some developments of the positive law and the practice of private actors in the market, the thesis evaluates the hypotheses to renew the market mechanisms so that the market becomes a full instrument for promoting renewable electricity in the European Union
Книги з теми "Goods circulation"
1
Snow, R. F. E.E.C. competition law and the free circulation of goods. [Guilford]: College of Law, 1985.
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2
Snow, R. F. E.C. competition law and the free circulation of goods. Guildford: College of Law, 1991.
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3
Linh, Nguyẽ̂n Văn. Some pressing problems on the distribution and circulation of goods. Hanoi: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1987.
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4
Zhongguo nong cun shang pin liu tong yan jiu: Research on circulation of rural commodities in China. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo cai zheng jing ji chu ban she, 2009.
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5
DeLuca, Arnold A. Advertising salesmanship: The selling of display advertising space for newspaper and shopper publications to businesses for the publication of advertisement of goods and services. Wheaton, Ill: Dynamo International, 1991.
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6
Zhongguo liu tong chan ye gai ge 30 nian: Shi jian yu li lun chuang xin = Reform and opening-up in circulation industry over 30 years : innovation in practice and theory. Beijing Shi: Jing ji guan li chu ban she, 2009.
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7
Zhenhua, Li, ed. Taiwan liu tong ye yu guan guang xiu xian ye zi xun ke ji tou zi yu ying yong qu shi, 2009-2010: Taiwanese circulation and recreation industry's IT spending. Taibei Shi: Cai tuan fa ren zi xun gong ye ce jin hui zi xun shi chang qing bao zhong xin (MIC), 2009.
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8
Zhulidov, Sergey. Trade organization. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The book describes the main stages of organization and technology of trade processes at the enterprises of wholesale and retail trade in the market. Separate chapters are devoted to retail trade services, technological solutions shops, as well as the protection of consumer rights and the fundamental rules of trade.
Given the schema, table, topics interdisciplinary course, accompanied by explanatory text. Schemes allow to consider the material on the theoretical and practical level in their unity, which provides the opportunity to see the structure of the problem being studied, its logical relations, theoretical approaches, and therefore provides a more in-depth study of the discipline.
The textbook will help students acquire new knowledge and skills in the field of trade in the sphere of circulation of goods and services and to prepare them for successful practical activity in the conditions of market economy.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of secondary professional education on a speciality "Commerce (on branches)" PM.01 "Organization and management of trade marketing activities of" MDK 01.02 "Organization of trade".
For students on specialities "Commerce (on branches)" and "commodity research and quality expertise of consumer goods" and for listeners of system of improvement of qualification of workers of trade.
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Tretyakov, Oleg. DIGITAL ECONOMY AS A NEW DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/monography_628a8161cd5780.37190285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph presents the results of a study of the digital economy
as a new paradigm of economic development, a system of economic relations
implemented through the use of digital information computer technologies. It is
noted that the main problem in the formation of sustainable economic growth and the
successful introduction of digital technologies are the challenges of digitalization
of the economy. New digital technologies, innovative business models penetrate
into all spheres of the economic life of society, influencing the very essence of
the economy, forming qualitative structural changes in it. As a result, a digital
economy is being formed as a subsystem of the traditional economy, characterized
by the active use of digital technologies and the circulation of specific electronic
goods.
The monograph is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students,
undergraduates, as well as a wide range of readers interested in topical issues of
digitalization of the economy.
10
Aram, B., and B. Yun-Casalilla. Global Goods and the Spanish Empire, 1492-1824: Circulation, Resistance and Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Goods circulation"
1
Lemire, Beverly. "Smuggled Goods and the Irregular Circulation of Calicoes." In The British Cotton Trade, 1660–1815, 13–23. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113928-3.
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2
Zhang, Na, Hui-zhen Kang, Jia Liu, and Li-yun Zhang. "Inventory Control of Dangerous Goods in Materials Reserve for Circulation." In International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation (IEMI2012) Proceedings, 1069–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38445-5_110.
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3
Fontaine, Laurence. "10. Material culture and the circulation of goods in the early modern period." In Wealth and Poverty in European Rural Societies from the Sixteenth to Nineteenth Century, 221–37. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rurhe-eb.4.00131.
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4
Perez-Garcia, Manuel. "Conclusions." In Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History, 171–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7865-6_5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Spanish and Qing empires were connected through the agency of merchants, the trade networks they created, and the circulation of goods which fostered local demand. Trade routes, mainly the maritime economic arteries such as the Manila galleons, connected and integrated Western markets and polities, in this case the Spanish empire with the Middle Kingdom. The constant inflow of American silver into China and the outflow of highly prized Chinese goods (i.e. silk, tea, porcelain) into European and American markets were the main features for such market integration between the Bourbon (French) Spanish empire and the Qing (Manchu, non-Han) dynasty. This surpassed the realm of official institutions of both empires along with their concomitant weak state capacity.
5
Fontaine, Laurence. "The Circulation of Luxury Goods in Eighteenth-Century Paris: Social Redistribution and an Alternative Currency." In Luxury in the Eighteenth Century, 89–102. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508279_7.
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6
Pennell, Sara. "‘All but the Kitchen Sink’: Household Sales and the Circulation of Second-Hand Goods in Early Modern England." In Modernity and the Second-Hand Trade, 37–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230290549_3.
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Barile, Nicola Lorenzo. "Rethinking ‘The Two Italies’: Circulation of Goods and Merchants between Venice and the ‘Regnoʼ in the Late Middle Ages." In Mediterranean Nexus 1100-1700, 117–38. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.mednex-eb.5.118664.
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Tretyakov, Oleg. "DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY: MAIN DIRECTIONS, BENEFITS AND RISKS." In DIGITAL ECONOMY AS A NEW DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS, 40–97. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/chapter_628a8161df0836.06302399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph presents the results of a study of the digital economy as a new paradigm of economic development, a system of economic relations implemented through the use of digital information computer technologies. It is noted that the main problem in the formation of sustainable economic growth and the successful introduction of digital technologies are the challenges of digitalization of the economy. New digital technologies, innovative business models penetrate into all spheres of the economic life of society, influencing the very essence of the economy, forming qualitative structural changes in it. As a result, a digital economy is being formed as a subsystem of the traditional economy, characterized by the active use of digital technologies and the circulation of specific electronic goods. The monograph is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates, as well as a wide range of readers interested in topical issues of digitalization of the economy.
9
Tretyakov, Oleg. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DIGITAL ECONOMY RESEARCH." In DIGITAL ECONOMY AS A NEW DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS, 8–39. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/chapter_628a8161dd7dc7.75343202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph presents the results of a study of the digital economy as a new paradigm of economic development, a system of economic relations implemented through the use of digital information computer technologies. It is noted that the main problem in the formation of sustainable economic growth and the successful introduction of digital technologies are the challenges of digitalization of the economy. New digital technologies, innovative business models penetrate into all spheres of the economic life of society, influencing the very essence of the economy, forming qualitative structural changes in it. As a result, a digital economy is being formed as a subsystem of the traditional economy, characterized by the active use of digital technologies and the circulation of specific electronic goods. The monograph is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates, as well as a wide range of readers interested in topical issues of digitalization of the economy.
10
Vetta, Theodora. "NGOs and the State: Clash or Class? Circulating Elites of “Good Governance” in Serbia." In Democracy at Large, 169–90. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137032768_8.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Goods circulation"
1
Nepomuceno, Daniel Delgado, Aldemar Ara�jo dos Santos, Jo�o Gabriel Nascimento de Ara�jo, and Tiago Moura Soeiro. "REFLEXES OF TREATMENT SYSTEM OF ELECTRONIC INVOICE DEPLOYMENT ON THE BRAZILIAN TAX ON THE CIRCULATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES (ICMS) CONTROL OF COLLECTION IN THE SECRETARY OF FINANCE OF PERNAMBUCO." In 11th CONTECSI International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management. TECSI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5748/9788599693100-11contecsi/ps-914.
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2
Vieira, Anderson P., Luciano M. Christofoletti, and Plínio R. S. Vilela. "Analyzing Railway Capacity Using a Planning Tool." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6160.
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1Railway transportation is a mean of conveying ore, goods or passengers on wheeled vehicles running on rails. The operation is costly and the transported goods have low aggregated value, therefore profitability is enabled under long distances and large quantities. Railways all around the world face rising demand for transportation of goods and people. While upgrading the railroad infrastructure is guaranteed to increase capacity, it usually takes large capital expenditures and is time consuming. In this paper we show how a circulation planning tool can aid railroads fully utilize their infrastructure in order to improve capacity utilization. Parameters such as train departing frequency, behavior during train delays, priorities on the negotiation of crossings and overtakes, performance allowance, and headway can be varied, and the resulting scenarios can be compared to help find a reasonable ceiling to the railroad capacity. The same tool can be used in an operational setting, to quickly respond to incidents and disruptions while keeping services at an acceptable level. There are many publications that propose methods to calculate railway capacity. While traffic simulation methods offer accurate results, user interaction and graphical presentation, they are often time-consuming, so analytical methods are usually preferred. Our simulation approach takes just seconds to run, resulting in a much more powerful tool to assess capacity limits. We run our simulations with data from a real heavy haul railroad, and use a number of metrics to show how their current operation could be improved with no need to build more tracks. Preliminary results indicate that, by changing train departing frequency alone, throughput could increase by more than 20%.
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Deotto, Geoffrey, Olivier Brunin, Alexandre Nicoli, and Franck David. "Assessment of a Steam Generator Circulation Ratio by a Thermal Balance Based on External Wall Temperature Measurements." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23153.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During operation, sludge steadily appears at a slow pace on the secondary side of nuclear power plant steam generators. This leads to clogging of the tube bundle support plates, and consequently to a change in the thermal-hydraulic flow conditions. The circulation ratio of a steam generator is defined as the ratio between the total flowrate circulating in the riser and the steam flowrate at the outlet of the steam generator. This is a good indicator of the hydraulic pressure losses in the circulation loop. In particular, the increase in hydraulic resistance due to the tube support plate clogging leads to a drop in this parameter. For this reason, in order to check that clogging does not reach too high a level, the circulation ratio is regularly evaluated on steam generators of French nuclear power plants, and then compared to established safety limits. The purpose of this paper is to present an accurate method to determine the circulation ratio of a steam generator based on temperature measurements taken around the wall of the steam generator. This method consists of carrying out a thermal balance of the flow circulating in the downcomer. In order to accomplish this, the temperature of the water circulating in the downcomer is evaluated using thermocouple belts put on the external wall of the appliance. However, additional hypotheses in the calculation method are considered in order to take into account for the heat transfer between hot water inside the downcomer and the sensors. The steam generator circulation loop and the clogging of the tube support plates are presented in §1. Then §2 and §3 describe in detail the method and the associated hypotheses as well as the required instrumentation. Finally, §4 presents an application of this method to real cases of clogged steam generators.
4
Santamaria, Giovanni. "Transforming Territories: A Landscape of “In-Tension-Alities”." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.46.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The flow of people, resources, material and immaterial goods, and at the same time regimes and strategies of control, have always shaped/reshaped our geographies and processes of urbanization. Therefore built and unbuilt landscapes have been characterized by gradual or dramatic changes, leading to new architectural typologies and urban morphologies corresponding to the transformation of means of production, distribution, circulation, consumption and to the shift of political, economic and ideological realms. The effects of these processes on structure and quality of space and life could be described as part of a complex Urban Metabolism¹ which looks at the city and its territory as a complex organism. This dynamic landscape has reached a high level of complexity where natural environments (geology, hydrology, topography) and cultural environments (productive lands, urban settlements, infrastructural networks) need to be synergistically understood as part of an articulated ecological system, with both micro and macro implications. It is the synthesis of geographic-historical contents (collective values), aesthetic-perceptual contents (individual values), and ecological-natural contents (biological values)², influenced more and more by natural and man-made disasters caused by climate change and human conflicts. Since the city as a definable entity and product of predetermined models has become obsolete, we are now called to work with a collage of fragments, heterogeneous and dynamic, often in opposition and unpredictable, subjected to the balance of variable forces, with their own order and rules, and their own ways of evolving, which we have to understand and manage³. This determines the need for new tools and methods to observe, record and assess urban phenomena, and the data regarding them, towards more sensitive interventions.
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Petrie, Scott William, and Rick Doll. "Benefits of Using Continuous Circulation Systems in ERD Wells to Manage ECD, Bottom Hole Pressure and Hole Cleaning." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202140-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Continuous Circulation Systems (CCS) have been around since the JIP between Shell, BP, Statoil, BG, Total and Eni in October 2000. Initial reports of these systems demonstrated that while cumbersome, the use of CCS is of benefit to drilling ERD wells. Continuous circulation keeps cuttings moving out of the wellbore, reducing or eliminating the time required to circulate clean any high-angle section before making a drill pipe connection or before tripping out of the hole. Continuous Circulation over each connection enhances the management of Equivalent Circulating Density(ECD) to control the bottom hole pressure on the well by never switching off the pumps, therefore the wellbore never experiences an Equivalent Static Density(ESD). Through this mechanism, the application of CCS has also been proven to manage bottom hole pressure constantly, which in conjunction with good drilling practices for torque and drag management, are key factors in drilling any Extended Reach Drilling(ERD), Complex or High Pressure/High Temperature (HPHT) well.
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Erthal, Claudia. "Notions of Shock and Attention in Tik Tok videos." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work seeks to understand how and if the entertainment experience obtained by watching videos on the Tik Tok social platform that uses editing and design tools, such as distortion filters for physical appearance and voice, is also an immersive experience that causes a shock to the user as understood by Walter Benjamin (2010) when this communicational subject is crossed by a sensation of the modern and that has, as a consequence, the disintegration of the aura in the experience of shock. According to Rouanet (1990) "the psychic instance in charge of capturing and absorbing the shock starts to dominate over the instances in charge of storing memory impressions”. In this case awareness has the function of "serving as protection against stimuli, sublimating impacts, maturing the fright into anguish or fun, so as not to succumb to amazement" (PEIXOTO, 1983) and can be linked to the production of content of fast circulation and absorption, made exclusively for social networks and platforms such as Tik Tok. Platforms that work with such design are also guided by the hands of users with content creation to shock an audience immersed in what is called Snack Culture (SCOLARI, 2020). As for a culture that develops a sensorial audiovisual content format, these contents provoke a sensory effect, a brief and ephemeral experience within a project that can be understood as artistic and created in a dynamic between playful and entertainment. The sensorial effect of these contents offers a unique and unprecedented experience, typical of an avant-garde work of art. In the 'contemporary arcades' of the Internet, videos from both Tik Tok and other platforms – with similar features - have similar tools created daily increasing the number of accesses, seeking to retain the media user and seem to attempt to lead the user to an immersive experience in an Attention Economy system as described by Jonathan Crary (2015) as something that “dissolve the separation between the personal and the professional, between entertainment and information, displaced by a compulsory functionality of communication inherently and inescapably 24/7.” Altogether with these ideas is the view of Simon Reynolds (2010) that popular culture has become a remix or rereading of something done before, based on any type of information available. Therefore, from this point of view, the reappropriation becomes infinite – something you see in Tik Tok videos. This text is built applied to the communicational practice of the use of platforms and is an attempt to understand the contemporary media paths that are outlined with the platform of culture. The platforms, a communication event in itself, raise questions about a new circulation of goods and gestures by communicational subjects who act on this frequency. It is a work that positions itself in the face of the contemporary urgency of the online life, its fast transformations and society's pursuits in a time that requires critical thinking about the moment we live in. to account for the moment in which we live.
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Liu, Chao, Jiren Zhou, Li Cheng, Yan Jin, and Xu Han. "Study on Improving the Flow in Forebay of the Pumping Station." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The flow pattern in the forebay of pumping station is of very important influence on the operation of the pumps. The different kinds of unlike flow pattern, such as large scale circulations and vortices, are often found in the forebay of pumping station especially with multi-pumps. This paper takes the study on improving the flow pattern in the forebay to ensure a good flow condition for pumps operation. The computational results of three dimensional flow fields in an original designed forebay were obtained and a large circulation was found in the forebay on the side which caused serious problems to the operation of pumps. A typical combined means were applied to improve the flow motion. The computational results of the flow fields shows that the large circulation was eliminated and the flow distribution was improved, which was verified by the model test. The improved design has been successfully used to a large pumping station.
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Rodriguez Corredor, Fabio Ernesto, Majid Bizhani, and Ergun Kuru. "A Comparative Study of Hole Cleaning Performance — Water Versus Drag Reducing Fluid." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effective hole cleaning in horizontal and extended reach wells (ERD) often requires use of high circulation rates, which may not be always achievable due to the risk of circulating bottom hole pressure reaching the fracture limit of the rock. Achieving good hole cleaning while keeping the circulating bottom hole pressure within the safe operational window is very often the major engineering challenge. A drag reducing fluid with good hole cleaning ability could be a potential solution in this case. In order to see if it is possible to use a drag reducing fluid and still achieve a good hole cleaning, an experimental program was designed and conducted. The main objective of this experimental study was to compare the hole cleaning performances of water and a drag reducing fluid. The hole cleaning experiments were conducted using a 9m long horizontal flow loop with concentric annular geometry (Outer Pipe ID = 95 mm, Inner Pipe OD = 38 mm, ID/OD ratio = 0.4). The drag reducing additive was a commercially available partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA). Water and two drag reducing fluids with 0.07% V/V and 0.1% V/V PHPA concentrations were used. Critical velocities for the initiation of cuttings movement with rolling, saltation/dunes, and suspension modes were determined and compared when using water and drag reducing fluids as a carrier fluid. Critical velocities for the initiation of cuttings movement were found to be lower with water than that of drag reducing fluid in all transport modes.
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Yuda, B. K. "Continuous Circulation while Drilling: A New Approach to Maintain Hole Cleaning and Improve Drilling Performance in Swamp Drilling Operation." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-e-155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Swamp drilling operation in Mahakam has entered the industrialization period in which fast drilling is a common practice. However, fast drilling Rate of Penetration (ROP) causes hole cleaning issues to arise and induce a high Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) trend. In some wells, this potentially leads to loss problems because of weak formation in shallow sections or depleted formation with relatively low fracture gradient. As a result, drilling parameter reduction was performed that causing lower ROP and additional circulation to reduce ECD. A new technology called Continuous Circulation Device (CCD) can help to tackle the problems mentioned above. It is a sub-based constant circulation system that enables the continuous circulation of drilling fluids downhole while making or breaking drill pipe connections. This system helps to maintain ECD and improve drilling performance as the cuttings are continuously carried out of the hole. This paper is introduced to analyze the benefits of CCD and opportunities for future development in the swamp drilling operation. The device was applied during drilling in the 12-1/4” and 8-1/2” sections. The challenge during drilling in these sections was to improve ROP without inducing bad hole cleaning that could lead to a high ECD trend. The result of CCD utilization shows that ECD during drilling could be reduced up to 2 points and become more stable compared to the previous trend. Since there was a reduction of ECD, the ROP could be improved up to 10%. Furthermore, only 1 cycle for circulation at well TD was performed as the minimum cuttings appeared. Pulling out the string and running the casing string was managed smoothly as the hole was already in a good condition. This utilization has been successfully implemented without any safety incident nor related Non-Productive Time (NPT). This positive result leads us to open the opportunity for future development in swamp fields asset.
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Igarashi, Akitomo, Kazuyuki Toda, Makoto Yamamoto, and Toshimichi Sakai. "Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Turbulent Flow in Volute." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The performance of centrifugal fans is considerably influenced by the design of tongue at the re-circulation port. The flow in the volute of a centrifugal fan was studied both experimentally and numerically. In this experiment, flow angle, pressure and velocity profiles were measured at a large number of locations in the volute. The flow field in the volute passage was analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The flow was assumed to be three dimensional, turbulent and steady. The numerical simulation produced qualitatively good agreement with the experimental result. The results from experiment and numerical simulation indicated that the adoption of a re-circulating flow port improved fan performance for all flow conditions. In addition, the existence of strong secondary flow was apparent at the cross-section of the volute passage.
Звіти організацій з теми "Goods circulation"
1
Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor