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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Ghost theories"

1

Piguet, Olivier. "Ghost equations and diffeomorphism-invariant theories." Classical and Quantum Gravity 17, no. 18 (September 5, 2000): 3799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/17/18/314.

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2

Gervais, Jean-Loup, and Ivan T. Todorov. "Ghost systems as rational conformal theories." Physics Letters B 219, no. 4 (March 1989): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)91090-3.

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3

Cheng, Hung, and Er-Cheng Tsai. "Correspondence between quantum gauge theories without ghost fields and their covariantly quantized theories with ghost fields." Physics Letters B 176, no. 1-2 (August 1986): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(86)90937-8.

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4

Mannheim, Philip D. "Ghost problems from Pauli–Villars to fourth-order quantum gravity and their resolution." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 14 (September 5, 2020): 2043009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820430099.

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We review the history of the ghost problem in quantum field theory from the Pauli–Villars regulator theory to currently popular fourth-order derivative quantum gravity theories. While these theories all appear to have unitarity-violating ghost states with negative norm, we show that in fact these ghost states only appear because the theories are being formulated in the wrong Hilbert space. In these theories, the Hamiltonians are not Hermitian but instead possess an antilinear symmetry. Consequently, one cannot use inner products that are built out of states and their Hermitian conjugates. Rather, one must use inner products built out of states and their conjugates with respect to the antilinear symmetry, and these latter inner products are positive. In this way, one can build quantum theories of gravity in four spacetime dimensions that are unitary.
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5

Mannheim, Philip D. "Antilinear symmetry and the ghost problem in quantum field theory." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2038, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2038/1/012018.

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Abstract The recognition that the eigenvalues of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian could all be real if the Hamiltonian had an antilinear symmetry such as PT stimulated new insight into the underlying structure of quantum mechanics. Specifically, it led to the realization that Hilbert space could be richer than the established Dirac approach of constructing inner products out of ket vectors and their Hermitian conjugate bra vectors. With antilinear symmetry one must instead build inner products out of ket vectors and their antilinear conjugates, and it is these inner products that would be time independent in the non-Hermitian but antilinearly symmetric case even as the standard Dirac inner products would not be. Moreover, and in a sense quite remarkably, antilinear symmetry could address not only the temporal behavior of the inner product but also the issue of its overall sign, with antilinear symmetry being capable of yielding a positive inner product in situations such as fourth-order derivative quantum field theories where the standard Dirac inner product is found to have ghostlike negative signature. Antilinear symmetry thus solves the ghost problem in such theories by showing that they are being formulated in the wrong Hilbert space, with antilinear symmetry providing a Hilbert space that is ghost free. Antilinear symmetry does not actually get rid of the ghost states. Rather, it shows that the reasoning that led one to think that ghosts were present in the first place is faulty. Implications of our results for constructing unitary quantum theories of gravity are presented.
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6

ARATYN, H., and A. H. ZIMERMAN. "GHOSTS AND THE PHYSICAL MODES IN THE COVARIANT FREE STRING FIELD THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 01, no. 02 (July 1986): 421–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x86000162.

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We present the gauge invariant actions for all free, open and closed (super-) string models, using the differential form formalism. The ghost-for-ghost procedure in the BRS framework is established and leads to the rule for counting the physical degrees of freedom in the free string field theories.
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7

RAMA, S. KALYANA. "NEW SPECIAL OPERATORS IN W-GRAVITY THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 38 (December 14, 1991): 3531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391004085.

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We find new special physical operators of W3-gravity having non-trivial ghost sectors. Some of these operators may be viewed as the Liouville dressings of the energy operator of the Ising model coupled to two-dimensional (2D) gravity and this fills in the gap in the connection between pure W3-gravity and Ising model coupled to 2D gravity found in our previous work. We formulate a selection rule required for the calculation of correlators in W-gravity theories. Using this rule, we construct the non-ghost part of the new operators of WN-gravity and find that they represent the (N, N + 1) minimal model operators from both inside and outside the minimal table. Along the way we obtain the canonical spectrum of WN-gravity for all N.
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8

Stepanyantz, Konstantin. "Supersymmetry, quantum corrections, and the higher derivative regularization." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819106002.

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We investigate the structure of quantum corrections in N = 1 supersymmetric theories using the higher covariant derivative method for regularization. In particular, we discuss the non-renormalization theorem for the triple gauge-ghost vertices and its connection with the exact NSVZ β-function. Namely, using the finiteness of the triple gauge-ghost vertices we rewrite the NSVZ equation in a form of a relation between the β-function and the anomalous dimensions of the quantum gauge superfield, of the Faddeev-Popov ghosts, and of the matter superfields. We argue that it is this form that follows from the perturbative calculations, and give a simple prescription how to construct the NSVZ scheme in the non-Abelian case. These statements are confirmed by an explicit calculation of the three-loop contributions to the β-function containing Yukawa couplings. Moreover, we calculate the two-loop anomalous dimension of the ghost superfields and demonstrate that for doing this calculation it is very important that the quantum gauge superfield is renormalized non-linearly.
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9

POLYAKOV, DIMITRI. "NEW DISCRETE STATES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL SUPERGRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 07 (March 20, 2007): 1375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07035148.

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Two-dimensional string theory is known to contain the set of discrete states that are the SU (2) multiplets generated by the lowering operator of the SU (2) current algebra. Their structure constants are defined by the area preserving diffeomorphisms in two dimensions. In this paper we show that the interaction of d = 2 superstrings with the superconformal β - γ ghosts enlarges the actual algebra of the dimension 1 currents and hence the new ghost-dependent discrete states appear. Generally, these states are the SU (N) multiplets if the algebra includes the currents of ghost numbers n : -N ≤ n ≤ N - 2, not related by picture changing. We compute the structure constants of these ghost-dependent discrete states for N = 3 and express them in terms of SU (3) Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, relating this operator algebra to the volume preserving diffeomorphisms in d = 3. For general N, the operator algebra is conjectured to be isomorphic to SDiff (N). This points at possible holographic relations between two-dimensional superstrings and field theories in higher dimensions.
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10

FRADKIN, E. S., and V. Ya LINETSKY. "HIGHER-SPIN SYMMETRY IN ONE AND TWO DIMENSIONS (I)." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 27 (December 20, 1989): 2635–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773238900294x.

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Higher spin theories in one and two dimensions are considered. The analysis of the ghost sector is carried out and a possible analogy with the ghost sector of the superparticle and the Green-Schwarz superstring in the covariant gauge is discussed.
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Дисертації з теми "Ghost theories"

1

Mosconi, Paola. "Ghost Models in Two-Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4205.

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This thesis is devoted to the study of ghost theories out of the critical point, in two dimensions. The first chapter offers a bird's eye view of the most important applications of ghosts to condensed matter physics. After a brief exposition of the basic (and less basic) facts concerning ghosts at the critical point, an outline of the non-perturbative methods, used in Part I and Part II, is furnished. Essentially, they rely on the so-called integrable approach, which is based on the possibility of describing all the states of an integrable quantum field theory in terms of pseudo-particles in a Hilbert space. The scattering properties of such excitations are encoded into a matrix (the S-matrix), which can be exactly determined by imposing a set of stringent constraints, and which allows to specify completely the particle content of the theory (masses, multiplicities, bound states) [38, 39]. The knowledge of the scattering amplitude, then, permits to extract all the thermodynamic quantities of the system (free energy) by means of the Thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) technique [40] and, at least in principle, to determine the off-critical correlation functions of the local operators of the theory, thanks to the so-called Form Factor bootstrap approach [41-43]. Part I contains the simplest examples of off-critical ghost theories, namely the massive versions of the conformal free bosonic and fermionic ones [44]. Despite their non-interacting nature, still there are non-local sectors of the models, which exhibit a highly interacting behavior. Correlation functions of operators belonging to these sectors are computed exactly and a comparison with the massive ordinary counterparts is performed. Afterwards, the effects;produced by the introduction of impurities are considered [45]. At the moment, such models lack a physical realization, but they are important as 'prototype' systems, shedding light on some crucial basic aspects (e.g. the choice of the most convenient basis for the space of states). Part II deals with a deceptively simple representative of the aforementioned nonlinear sigma models defined on supersymmetric manifolds, where the vector field, with one commuting component and two anticommuting ones, transforms under the global symmetry OSP(ll2). This system has a simple physical realization in terms of a dense loop model, where crossings of loops are allowed [28, 46]. At long wavelength, the theory is gapless and the Goldstone excitations are nothing but free fermionic ghosts [25, 28]. We propose the exact S-matrix for this system and present TBA calculations, supporting such conjecture. The bootstrap form factor approach is outlined, including a detailed discussion about the symmetry properties of the model and the explicit derivation of some basic objects, such as the minimal form factors. Moreover, we compute explicitly the two-point correlation function of a suitably chosen operator of the theory, comparing its large distance limit with the result expected on the basis of conformal field theory considerations. Since the work is still in progress [47], we conclude sketching the main goals and the route we intend to take, in order to pursue them.
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2

Wright, Douglas Glen. "Ghost writers, theories and strategies of communication in the autobiographies of Augustine, Descartes, Rousseau, and Nietzsche." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59051.pdf.

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3

Ranquet, André. "Sur certaines propriétés de l'Energie Noire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20201.

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Les résultats des observations cosmologiques réalisées à la charnière du siècle (SN1A, CMB, BAO) montrent que contrairement aux prévisions du modèle standard, l'expansion de l'Univers est actuellement en train de s'accélérer. Pour rendre compte de ce phénomène, un composant inconnu dénommé "énergie noire" (Dark Energy) a été introduit soit directement comme un fluide de pression négative, soit indirectement en modifiant la Relativité générale. Après avoir présenté le cadre général de la description de l'Univers, ainsi que le modèle cosmologique standard actuellement accepté, la présente thèse étudie les interactions possibles entre l'énergie noire et une éventuelle courbure de l'espace, en s'intéressant plus particulièrement aux cas où l'incertitude sur la courbure peut falsifier la nature "fantôme" de cette énergie noire. Dans un deuxième temps, la possibilité d'obtenir un comportement de type énergie noire au moyen d'une modification de la Relativité générale est abordée en faisant appel aux théories scalaire-tenseur. Les conditions générales de viabilité de ces théories sont présentées, ainsi que les conditions d'existence d'énergie noire, normale et fantôme. Enfin la possibilité de mettre en évidence cette énergie noire d'origine scalaire-tenseur par des mesures dans le Système solaire est étudiée en utilisant le formalisme de l'analyse post-newtonienne paramétrée
The results of the cosmological observations at the turn of the century (SN1a, CMB, BAO) show that, in contrast to the predictions of the standard model, the Universe expansion is presently accelerating. To account for this fact, an unknown component dubbed "dark energy" was introduced either directly as a fluid with negative pressure, or indirectly as a modification of General Relativity.After the presentation of the general frame of the Universe description, and of the presently accepted cosmological standard model, we study the interactions between dark energy and a possible spatial curvature, with special attention to the cases where the curvature uncertainty may falsify the phantom nature of dark energy. In a second step we consider a modification of General Relativity, the Scalar-Tensor theories, as a way to generate dark energy. The general viability conditions for these theories are presented, as well as the conditions for the presence of normal and phantom dark energy. In particular we study the possibility to detect this Scalar-Tensor dark energy with measurements within the Solar System using the Parametrised Post-Newtonian formalism
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4

Murata, Masaki. "No-Ghost Theorem and Gauge Fixing Problem in Open Superstring Field Theory." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142377.

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5

Dubois-Violette, Michel, and patricia@osiris th u.-psud fr. "Lectures on Differentials, Generalized Differentials and on some." ESI preprints, 2000. ftp://ftp.esi.ac.at/pub/Preprints/esi942.ps.

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6

Björnsson, Jonas. "Strings, Branes and Non-trivial Space-times." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1619.

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This thesis deals with different aspects of string and /p/-brane theories. One of the motivations for string theory is to unify the forces in nature and produce a quantum theory of gravity. /p/-branes and related objects arise in string theory and are related to a non-perturbative definition of the theory. The results of this thesis might help in understanding string theory better. The first part of the thesis introduces and discusses relevant topics for the second part of the thesis which consists of five papers.

In the three first papers we develop and treat a perturbative approach to relativistic /p/-branes around stretched geometries. The unperturbed theory is described by a string- or particle-like theory. The theory is solved, within perturbation theory, by constructing successive canonical transformations which map the theory to the unperturbed one order by order. The result is used to define a quantum theory which requires for consistency d = 25 + p dimensions for the bosonic /p/-branes and d = 11 for the supermembrane. This is one of the first quantum results for extended objects beyond string theory and is a confirmation of the expectation of an eleven-dimensional quantum membrane.

The two last papers deal with a gauged WZNW-approach to strings moving on non-trivial space-times. The groups used in the formulation of these models are connected to Hermitian symmetric spaces of non-compact type. We have found that the GKO-construction does not yield a unitary spectrum. We will show that there exists, however, a different approach, the BRST approach, which gives unitarity under certain conditions. This is the first example of a difference between the GKO- and BRST construction. This is one of the first proofs of unitarity of a string theory in a non-trivial non-compact space-time. Furthermore, new critical string theories in dimensions less then 26 or 10 is found for the bosonic and supersymmetric string, respectively.

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7

Capri, Marcio André Lopes. "Aspectos não perturbativos das teorias de Yang-Mills no calibre abeliano maximal." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1373.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Neste tese, estudamos os efeitos não perturbativos associados à presença do horizonte de Gribov e à condensação de operadores locais de dimensão dois, numa teoria de Yang-Mills euclidiana em SU(2), quantizada no calibre abeliano maximal. Estes efeitos são introduzidos de modo a preservar as propriedades de renormalizabilidade e localidade da teoria, e refletem-se diretamente no comportamento dos propagadores. A comparação com os dados da rede indicam um bom acordo qualitativo.
In this, we study the nonperturbative effects associated to the presence of the horizon and to the condensation of local dimension two operators in an Eucledean SU(2)Yang-Mills theory quantized in the maximal Abelian gauge. Such effects are introduced in a way to preserve the properties of renormalizability and locality of the theory. The comparison with the lattice data indicates a good qualitative agreement.
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Книги з теми "Ghost theories"

1

Scharf, G. Quantum gauge theories: A true ghost-story. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001.

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2

Sabol, John G. Ghost culture: Theories, context, and scientific practice. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2007.

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3

Sabol, John G. Ghost culture: Theories, context, and scientific practice. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2007.

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4

Ghost-seers, detectives, and spiritualists: Theories of vision in Victorian literature and science. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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5

Smajic, Srdjan. Ghost-seers, detectives, and spiritualists: Theories of vision in Victorian literature and science. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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6

Nonlinear water waves with applications to wave-current interactions and tsunamis. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2011.

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7

Sabol, John. Ghost Culture: Theories, Context, and Scientific Practice. AuthorHouse, 2007.

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8

Scharf, Gunter. Quantum Gauge Theories : A True Ghost Story. Wiley-Interscience, 2001.

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9

Smajić, Srdjan. Ghost-Seers, Detectives, and Spiritualists: Theories of Vision in Victorian Literature and Science. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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10

Smajić, Srdjan. Ghost-Seers, Detectives, and Spiritualists: Theories Of Vision In Victorian Literature And Science. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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Частини книг з теми "Ghost theories"

1

Cabibbo, Nicola, Luciano Maiani, and Omar Benhar. "Unitarity and Ghosts." In An Introduction to Gauge Theories, 205–15. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2017] |: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369723-16.

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2

Bronnikov, Kirill A. "Trapped Ghosts as Sources for Wormholes and Regular Black Holes. The Stability Problem." In Fundamental Theories of Physics, 137–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55182-1_7.

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3

Mansky, William, Wolf Honoré, and Andrew W. Appel. "Connecting Higher-Order Separation Logic to a First-Order Outside World." In Programming Languages and Systems, 428–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44914-8_16.

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AbstractSeparation logic is a useful tool for proving the correctness of programs that manipulate memory, especially when the model of memory includes higher-order state: Step-indexing, predicates in the heap, and higher-order ghost state have been used to reason about function pointers, data structure invariants, and complex concurrency patterns. On the other hand, the behavior of system features (e.g., operating systems) and the external world (e.g., communication between components) is usually specified using first-order formalisms. In principle, the soundness theorem of a separation logic is its interface with first-order theorems, but the soundness theorem may implicitly make assumptions about how other components are specified, limiting its use. In this paper, we show how to extend the higher-order separation logic of the Verified Software Toolchain to interface with a first-order verified operating system, in this case CertiKOS, that mediates its interaction with the outside world. The resulting system allows us to prove the correctness of C programs in separation logic based on the semantics of system calls implemented in CertiKOS. It also demonstrates that the combination of interaction trees + CompCert memories serves well as a lingua franca to interface and compose two quite different styles of program verification.
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4

Thorn, Charles B. "A Proof of the No-Ghost Theorem Using the Kac Determinant." In Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications, 411–17. New York, NY: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9550-8_20.

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5

Schudson, Michael. "Walter Lippmann’s Ghost: An Interview With Michael Schudson." In Advances in Foundational Mass Communication Theories, 7–15. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164441-2.

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6

Newman, William R. "The Ghost of Sendivogius." In Newton the Alchemist, 452–81. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174877.003.0021.

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This chapter builds on Newton's increasing interest in sulfur, placing his theories in the context of developments within the chymical community of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. It provides a new look at Newton's developing ideas about affinity and his role in the eighteenth-century development of affinity tables, the graphic representations of selective attractions by materials that cause those with less affinity to precipitate. Newton's attribution of refractive power to the sulfur content of illuminated materials justifies the view that he held a chymical theory of light. Nor did this fact escape his successors. In the years directly before the Chemical Revolution of the late eighteenth century, European chymists tried to push Newton's chymistry of light further by attaching his linkage of refractivity and sulfur to the phlogiston theory championed by Georg Ernst Stahl.
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7

Poochigian, Donald V. "To Resurrect a Ghost." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 186–91. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199835599.

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Cartesian dualism has largely been replaced by empirical theories of the mind. Central to this development is Gilbert Ryle’s criticism of an immaterial ‘ghost’ inhabiting the material ‘machine’ of the body. A metaphysical self is incredible, and even if it is credible, both it and its manifestation in phenomenal experience are unknowable by others. Failure of this approach occurs when it is realized that existence of the physical is just as incredible as existence of the metaphysical. Free will is also inconceivable without the assumption of a metaphysical self, it being the ‘ghost in the machine’ after all. As for consciousness, it is presupposed by the empirical. What counts as physical manifestations of mind are the effects or causes of phenomenal experience. Without this criterion the individual is a unity, it being impossible to separate the psychological since effectively it encompasses every aspect of the individual. Additionally, it is in phenomenal experience that the empirical is observed, and observation is the basis of empirical verification. To advocate the scientific method of intersubjective verification while denying the existence or significance of the phenomenal is inconsistent. At root, the mental attributes are ontologically distinct. Limited to only one ontological substance, empiricists either redefine or exclude troublesome attributes, commiting the error of confusing distinct kinds of substances. Dualism can accommodate all of the properties of mind in a single coherent theory by acknowledging these kinds of substances.
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8

Sayad, Cecilia. "Beyond the frame." In The Ghost in the Image, 63–86. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190065768.003.0004.

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This chapter finds in the found-footage horror cycle an alternative way of understanding the relationship between horror films and reality, which is usually discussed in terms of allegory. It investigates theories about framing, considered both figuratively (framing the film as documentary) and stylistically (the framing in handheld cameras and in static long takes), as a device that playfully destabilizes the separation between the film and the surrounding world. The chapter explores the idea that documenting an event has the potential to contain it, which is relevant to both horror and documentary studies. A variety of found-footage horror films is considered, including the Paranormal Activity franchise, The Blair Witch Project, Cloverfield, and [•REC].
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9

Sayad, Cecilia. "Introduction." In The Ghost in the Image, 1–18. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190065768.003.0001.

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The book’s introduction revisits questions around the ontology of photographic and filmic images in order to lay out the role of technology in making supernatural entities become part of everyday life. An examination of theories about the transition from analog to digital image capture considers the potential of photography, film, and video to expand our senses, enhance our perception of the physical world, and work as evidence. The indexical link between the object placed before the camera and its image extends to a discussion about the spatial relationship between the contents of the framed image and the surrounding physical world, which informs discussions about framing techniques in found-footage horror films and participative spectatorship in experiential cinema and video games.
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10

Zinn-Justin, Jean. "Gauge invariance and gauge fixing." In From Random Walks to Random Matrices, 177–94. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787754.003.0011.

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Chapter 11 is the first of four chapters that discuss various issues connected with the Standard Model of fundamental interactions at the microscopic scale. It discusses the important notion of gauge invariance, first Abelian and then non–Abelian, the basic geometric structure that generates interactions. It relates it to the concept of parallel transport. Due to gauge invariance, not all components of the gauge field are dynamical and gauge fixing is required (with the problem of Gribov copies in non–Abelian theories). The quantization of non–Abelian gauge theories is briefly discussed, with the introduction of Faddeev–Popov ghost fields and the appearance of BRST symmetry.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Ghost theories"

1

Sorella, Silvio Paolo. "Infrared behavior of the gluon and ghost propagators in Yang-Mills theories." In Fifth International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.031.0026.

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2

Mendes, Tereza. "Infrared behavior and infinite-volume limit of gluon and ghost propagators in Yang-Mills theories." In VIIIth Conference Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.077.0040.

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3

Fazio, A. R. "The diagonal ghost equation ward identity for Yang-Mills theories in the maximal Abelian gauge." In QCD@WORK, International Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics:Theory and Experiment. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1435921.

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4

Ohta, Nobuyoshi. "Covariant Approach to the No-Ghost Theorem in Massive Gravity." In Proceedings of CST-MISC Joint Symposium on Particle Physics — from Spacetime Dynamics to Phenomenology —. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.7.010007.

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5

Rodriguez-Quintero, Josè. "The dimension-two gluon condensate, the ghost-gluon vertex and the Taylor theorem." In International Workshop on QCD Green's Functions, Confinement and Phenomenology. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.136.0040.

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6

Kazantsev, A. E., M. D. Kuzmichev, N. P. Meshcheriakov, S. V. Novgorodtsev, I. E. Shirokov, M. B. Skoptsov, and K. V. Stepanyantz. "TWO-LOOP ANOMALOUS DIMENSION OF THE FADDEEV-POPOV GHOSTS IN N=1 SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES." In Nineteenth Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811233913_0099.

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