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Статті в журналах з теми "GETTHEM"

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Froio, Antonio, Fabio Cismondi, Laura Savoldi, and Roberto Zanino. "Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of the EU DEMO Helium-Cooled Pebble Bed Breeding Blanket Using the GETTHEM Code." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 46, no. 5 (May 2018): 1436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2018.2791678.

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Froio, A., A. Del Nevo, E. Martelli, L. Savoldi, and R. Zanino. "Parametric thermal-hydraulic analysis of the EU DEMO Water-Cooled Lithium-Lead First Wall using the GETTHEM code." Fusion Engineering and Design 137 (December 2018): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.10.003.

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Froio, Antonio, Andrea Bertinetti, Sergio Ciattaglia, Fabio Cismondi, Laura Savoldi, and Roberto Zanino. "Modelling an in-vessel loss of coolant accident in the EU DEMO WCLL breeding blanket with the GETTHEM code." Fusion Engineering and Design 136 (November 2018): 1226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.04.106.

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Lisanti, Fabrizio, Pietro Arena, Roberto Bonifetto, Antonio Froio, Francisco Alberto Hernandez Gonzalez, Gandolfo Alessandro Spagnuolo, and Roberto Zanino. "Modeling the Transport of Activated Corrosion Products in the WCLL PbLi Loop for ITER and the EU DEMO With the GETTHEM Code." IEEE Access 11 (2023): 22614–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3252905.

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Froio, Antonio, Andrea Bertinetti, Alessandro Del Nevo, and Laura Savoldi. "Hybrid 1D + 2D Modelling for the Assessment of the Heat Transfer in the EU DEMO Water-Cooled Lithium-Lead Manifolds." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 3525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143525.

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The European demonstration fusion power reactor (EU DEMO) tokamak will be the first European fusion device to produce electricity and to include a breeding blanket (BB). In the framework of the design of the EU DEMO BB, the analysis of the heat transfer between the inlet and outlet manifold of the coolant is needed, to assess the actual cooling capability of the water entering the cooling channels, as well as the actual coolant outlet temperature from the machine. The complex, fully three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer problem is reduced here with a novel approach to a simpler one, decoupling the longitudinal and transverse scales for the heat transport by developing correlations for a conductive heat-transfer problem. While in the longitudinal direction a standard 1D model for the heat transport by fluid advection is adopted, a set of 2D finite elements analyses are run in the transverse direction, in order to lump the 2D heat conduction effects in suitable correlations. Such correlations are implemented in a 1D finite volume model with the 1D GEneral Tokamak THErmal-hydraulic Model (GETTHEM) code (Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy); the proposed approach thus reduces the 3D problem to a 1D one, allowing a parametric evaluation of the heat transfer in the entire blanket with a reduced computational cost. The deviation from nominal inlet and outlet temperature values, for the case of the Water-Cooled Lithium-Lead BB concept, is found to be always below 1.4 K and, in some cases, even to be beneficial. Consequently, the heat transfer among the manifolds at different temperatures can be safely (and conservatively) neglected.
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Duff, John C. "Gettier Unscathed for Now." Logos & Episteme 13, no. 3 (2022): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme202213325.

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Moti Mizrahi (2016) argues that Gettier cases are unsuccessful counterexamples to the traditional analysis of knowledge (TAK) because such cases inadequately reveal epistemic failures of justified true belief (JTB); and because Gettier cases merely demonstrate semantic inadequacy, the apparent epistemic force of Gettier cases is misleading. Although Mizrahi claims to have deflated the epistemic force of Gettier cases, I will argue that the presence of semantic deficiency in Gettier cases neither requires nor indicates the denial of the epistemic force of those cases. I will provide an extracted version of Mizrahi’s argument, which I believe to be most charitable to his motivation. Then I will offer a counterexample to a pivotal premise in Mizrahi’s argument, ultimately rendering the argument unsound. Finally, upon the examination of a plausible objection, I conclude that Gettier cases are epistemically sustained.
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Hetherington, Stephen. "The Gettier-illusion: Gettier-partialism and infallibilism." Synthese 188, no. 2 (March 25, 2011): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-011-9924-6.

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Demin, Timofey S. "Gettier Problem." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 56, no. 3 (2019): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201956349.

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Theories, that answering the question “What is knowledge?” in analytic epistemology appears under the influence of Gettier cases – a way of refutation such theories of knowledge, that have truth and belief as constituent elements. In the paper were analyzed basic strategies of solving the Gettier problem. One way is to save the analysis of knowledge by changing the elements in order to avoid the Gettier problem. There are three possible ways of doing so: adding new elements to the justification, changing the justification on the other criteria or strengthen the justification in such a way, that it would resolve any possible Gettier cases. For each strategy analysis of the theories of knowledge is given. In the paper idea of the inescapability of Gettier cases for analysis of knowledge was supported by the argumentation of Linda Zagzebski. In that ground, the analysis of knowledge was refuted. From that perspective, two of the most influenced ways of answering the question “what is knowledge” was proposed. First, the irreducible theory of knowledge, where knowledge is a mere state of the mind. Second, rejection existence of the universal invariant of the knowledge in every case. There are multiple senses of what the knowledge is and none of them is prior to other. The author lives as the open question the right way to think about the knowledge. In the closing part of the paper, the author presents a perspective critique of the knowledge problem as the project of overrated significance, and argues for a need to create new arguments that supporting that problem.
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Mion, Giovanni. "Grueing Gettier." Logos & Episteme 5, no. 4 (2014): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme20145434.

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Kissinger, Gudrun, Dawid Kot, Markus Andreas Schubert, Andreas Sattler, and Timo Müller. "Internal Gettering of Copper for Microelectronic Applications." Solid State Phenomena 242 (October 2015): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.242.236.

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The results of this work have shown that for microelectronic applications, gettering at dislocations is less important and oxygen precipitates are the main getter sink for Cu. Sufficient gettering of Cu in samples contaminated with low Cu concentration requires a higher density and larger oxygen precipitates compared to samples contaminated with high Cu concentration. It is demonstrated that the getter efficiency depends on the contamination level of the samples and getter test with low contamination level must be applied for microelectronic applications. Furthermore, a getter test for 3D chip stack technologies was developed. It was shown that although the wafers are thinned to a thickness of 50 μm their getter efficiency seems to be higher than for wafers of the original thickness. This is assumed to be due to the higher Cu concentration in the thinner wafers which can be gettered easier. It is also demonstrated that BMDs can getter Cu impurities even if the temperature does not exceed 300 °C. The getter efficiency tends to be higher if the samples are stored under day light and not in the dark.
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Дисертації з теми "GETTHEM"

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Lemettre, Sylvain. "Encapsulation sous vide de micro-bolomètres à basse température." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS524.

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Plusieurs catégories de MEMS nécessitent un environnement sous vide pour fonctionner de manière optimale, tel le micro-bolomètre. Le fonctionnement optimal de ce détecteur, à la base des imageurs infrarouge non refroidis, nécessite qu’il soit thermiquement isolé, et donc qu’il évolue dans une atmosphère raréfiée (< 10-2 mbar). Le maintien sous vide d’une matrice bolométrique durant la durée de vie d'une dizaine d’années du composant est réalisé par une encapsulation dans un boîtier de très faible volume (de 0,5 à 30 µL).Cette encapsulation sous vide fait appel à deux techniques complémentaires : le scellement hermétique sous vide et l’intégration d’un dispositif d’absorption du gaz dans la cavité, appelé getter. La technique de scellement donnant un joint de scellement suffisamment hermétique (<10-14 atm.cm3.s-1) est la soudure métallique. Le getter est un film mince métallique à base de métaux de transition. Il acquiert une activité de sorption lorsqu’il est chauffé.Les procédés d’encapsulation sous vide de l’état de l’art permettent l’encapsulation de micro-bolomètres à des températures de 300°C. Mais il est fort probable que les futurs matériaux micro-bolométriques en cours de développement ne supporteront pas des températures de recuit supérieures à 280°C. Leur encapsulation demande donc la mise à disposition d’un nouveau procédé de scellement sous vide à plus basse température et d’un nouveau film getter s’activant aussi à basse température.Ces deux techniques ont par conséquent été développées, au moyen de caractérisations en laboratoire et de tests sur composants industriels
Some kinds of MEMS like micro-bolometers require vacuum to operate optimally. This IR sensor is the cornerstone for uncooled infrared detection. Its best sensing capacity is achieved by thermal insulation, which is realized by placing it under vacuum (< 10-2 mbar). The vacuum is maintained throughout the camera lifetime thanks to a microvolume packaging (0.5 to 30 µL).The MEMS vacuum packaging implies the combination of two complementary technical solutions: first hermetic sealing, then getter device integration absorbing internal gas. The sealing technique retained (which enables leak rate <10-14 atm.cm3.s-1) is the metallic bonding. The getter is a thin transition metal film. When activated by an annealing, its surface traps gaseous molecules. The sorption process of the getter is ideally activated during the sealing process of the bonding.The typical temperature packaging process for micro-bolometers is 300°C. It is expected that sensibility of new types of micro-bolometers materials will be degraded if they are exposed to temperatures higher than 280°C. Consequently, their encapsulation require the elaboration of a new low temperature packaging technology.Such a technology has been developed based on experimental studies in laboratory and tests under industrial conditions
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COSTA, ROGERIO SOARES DA. "THE GETTIER PROBLEM AND THE SCEPTICISM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17904@1.

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Анотація:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Desde a publicação do famoso artigo do americano Edmund Gettier sobre as condições do conhecimento diversos pensadores apontaram para as conseqüências céticas advindas do questionamento do conceito de conhecimento como crença verdadeira justificada. A despeito de tal afirmação, poucos foram aqueles que se dedicaram elucidar em que exatamente consiste a ameaça cética. O objetivo da presente tese é formular um conceito de ceticismo que esteja de acordo com suas expressões mais relevantes, no passado e na atualidade, e averiguar se o problema de Gettier a ele pode realmente conduzir.
Since the publishing of the famous article from the american Edmund Gettier on the definition of knowledge several thinkers pointed out to the sceptical consequences derived from questioning the concept of knowledge as justified true belief. Despite such affirmation, few were those who dedicated themselves to clarify of what exactly consists the sceptical threat. This thesis objective is to formulate a concept of scepticism according to its most relevant expressions, in the past and nowadays, and to test if the Gettier problem can truly lead to it.
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Magalhães, Thiago Lobato de. "Considerações sobre os problemas de Gettier." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90905.

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Анотація:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, FLorianópolis, 2008.
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Esta dissertacao tem como objetivo principal a apresentacao e discussao dos problemas apontados por Gettier em relacao a concepcao classica do conhecimento como crenca verdadeira e justificada. Gettier apresenta em seu artigos justified true belief knowledge?. dois casos onde o sujeito do conhecimento possui uma crenca verdadeira e justificada, mas nao possui conhecimento em relacao a mesma, colocando assim a nocao tradicional de conhecimento em xeque. O artigo de Gettier provocou uma grande discussao na filosofia contemporanea principalmente sobre as nocoes de conhecimento e justificacao. Parte desta discussao e abordada nesta dissertacao ao apresentarmos possiveis solucoes aos problemas de Gettier e ao considerarmos quais principios epistemicos devem ser aceitos como legitimos no ambito da logica epistemica. Pretendo com este trabalho apresentar uma concepcao do conhecimento humano que evite os problemas apresentados por Gettier. Para que a concepcao de conhecimento supere os problemas que sao sugeridos pelos exemplos de Gettier, basear-me-ei nas ideias de Russell e Goldman sobre o tema. Russell apresenta uma forma de solucionar tais problemas aceitando a existencia de um conjunto fundamental de conhecimentos a partir do qual, por meio de inferencias, estariamos justificados em acreditar em outras proposicoes que seriam, entao, novos casos de conhecimento, ja Goldman defende que para que uma crenca seja considerada justificada a mesma tenha que ser produzida por um processo de producao de crencas confiavel. Mas tais conhecimentos fundamentais sao reais? Podemos estar totalmente seguros que sao de fato conhecimentos e nao meras crencas? As bases de nossos conhecimentos sao infaliveis? A resposta dos ceticos e dizer que nao, nao podemos ter conhecimentos genuinos a cerca do mundo ou do que quer que seja. Mas entao, o que sao aquelas coisas que dizemos ser conhecimentos? Tratarei neste trabalho do conhecimento humano. Nao do conhecimento do mundo como ele e, pois nao temos um acesso direto ao mundo, mas do conhecimento humano relativo a um contexto. Buscarei apresentar uma teoria que determine sob quais condicoes as pessoas tem conhecimento em um determinado contexto. Nao pretendo que a concepcao de conhecimento aqui apresentada represente o conhecimento que de fato corresponde ao mundo, o que Russell desejava alcancar com sua nocao de conhecimento apresentada em seu livro Os Problemas da Filosofia. Pretendo sim, esbocar uma nocao de conhecimento que capture a estrutura por tras da concepcao de conhecimento como crenca verdadeira e justificada de Russell, utilizando a ideia dos Fundacionalistas de que existe um conjunto de conhecimentos basicos e o que a partir deste conjunto puder ser inferido tambem possa ser considerado conhecimento, sendo que, o conjunto basico de conhecimentos possa diferir conforme o contexto epistemico, isto e, conforme o que e aceito em um contexto como podendo ser diretamente conhecido. O contexto epistemico, ao qual me refiro, determina o que e aceito por um individuo ou comunidade de individuos como sendo diretamente justificavel, e o que e tomado como sendo regras de inferencias aceitaveis pelo mesmo, portanto, determina o que e conhecimento.
The aim of this dissertation is to present and discuss the problems pointed out by Gettier in relation to the classical definition of knowledge as justified true belief. Gettier presents in his paper #\Is justified true belief knowledge?. two cases where the subject of knowledge has justified true belief, but doesn#et have knowledge putting therefore, the traditional knowledge notion in check. Gettier#es paper provoked a great discussion in contemporary philosophy, mostly about the notions of knowledge and justification. This dissertation deals with a part of this discussion, presents possible solutions to Gettier#es problems and consider which epistemic principles should be accepted in the scope of epistemic logic. This work intends to present a conception of human knowledge that avoids Gettier#es problems. In order to overcome the problems raised by Gettier#es examples, this conception of knowledge will be based on Russell and Goldman#Ls ideas about the subject. Russell presents a way to solve these problems by accepting the existence of a fundamental set of known propositions, from which, by means of inferences, we should be justified in believing other propositions (which would be then new instances of knowledge). Goldman defends that, in order for a belief to be considered justified, it has to be produced by a reliable process. But, do those fundamental known propositions constitute real knowledge? Can we be totally sure that they in fact are knowledge and not mere beliefs? Are the bases of our knowledge infallible? The sceptic#es answer is no, we cannot have authentic knowledge about the world or anything else. But if this is so, what are those things that we say to be knowledge? This work deals with human knowledge; not the knowledge of the world as it is, because we don#et have direct access to the world, but it deals with the human knowledge in relation to a context. I present a theory to establishing under which conditions people get knowledge in a specific context. I don#et intend this knowledge conception here presented to represent knowledge that in fact corresponds to the world, which is what Russell desired to obtain with his notion of knowledge presented in his book The Problems of Philosophy. I intend to outline a notion of knowledge that captures the structure behind the Russell#es conception of knowledge as justified true belief, using the foundationalist idea that there is a basic set of knowledge and whatever we could infer from this set of knowledge will be consider knowledge too. However, the basic set of knowledge may differ according the epistemic context, for example, according to which is accepted in a context as being directly known. The epistemic context, to which I refer, establishes what is accepted by an individual, or a community of individuals, as being directly justifiable. That which is considered by them to be reliable inference rules, therefore, determines what is knowledge.
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Silva, Kariane Marques da. "CONTRAEXEMPLOS DE GETTIER: REPENSANDO A JUSTIFICAÇÃO EPISTÊMICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9164.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In the 1960s, a debate has begun in Epistemology about a problem raised by Edmund Gettier in relation to the traditional conception of knowledge. Nowadays the cases presented by Gettier don t seem resolved what makes them even more relevant in current epistemological debates. According to these cases, some scenarios are possible in which necessary and sufficient conditions (belief, truth and justification) are satisfied in order to the traditional definition of knowledge. However, in these cases the subject (a candidate for knowledge) isn t in possession of knowledge. The mainly discussions about it are relative to the concept of epistemic justification, because justification, as an element that identifies the truth of a belief, is supposed not to be sufficient to carry on this function. This insufficiency allows, therefore, the subject be in possession of justification for her/his beliefs and, at the same time, have no knowledge yet. Gettier cases are considered a problem by some theories that defend the standard conditions to the definition of concept of knowledge. Many efforts have been tried to solve these cases with the establishment of an anti-Gettier condition to the definition of knowledge. This way of solution takes to the development of some theories of justification subjected to additional Gettier cases. Unlike this, Laurence Bonjour publishes a critic called The Myth of Knowledge, in which Gettier cases are read like some epistemological pseudoproblems. Bonjour defends that such cases and also the Lottery Paradox are introduced to Epistemology as a result of the adoption of a fallibilist view of knowledge, particularly in relation to the concept of justification. According to him, fallibilists have been failed in their efforts to solve Gettier cases and, hence, they have been complicated the possibility of a coherent concept of knowledge. Furthermore, a mistake in relation to support a fallible justification involves a myth, namely, a worthy philosophical conception of knowledge that can be found in common sense. The fallibilist view, consonant Bonjour, is philosophically unsustainable. His suggestion concerns the abandonment of the myth, because only with this way epistemological pseudoproblems would be dissolved, like those problems set by Gettier counterexamples.
Na década de 60, inicia-se um debate, no âmbito epistemológico, em torno de um suposto problema proposto por Edmund Gettier a respeito da definição tradicional de conhecimento. Até a atualidade, os casos apresentados por Gettier parecem não ter sido resolvidos, o que torna a discussão relevante nos atuais debates epistemológicos. De acordo com esses casos, é possível postular cenários em que as condições (crença, verdade e justificação) necessárias e suficientes para a definição tradicional de conhecimento são satisfeitas; entretanto, o sujeito, candidato a conhecedor, não está de posse de conhecimento. As principais discussões sobre isso ocorrem em torno do conceito de justificação epistêmica, pois se supõe que a justificação, entendida como o elemento que identifica a verdade da crença, não é suficiente para realizar essa função; permitindo, assim, situações em que o sujeito esteja de posse de justificação para suas crenças e, mesmo assim, não tenha conhecimento. Para as teorias que mantêm as condições-padrão para a definição do conceito de conhecimento, os casos de Gettier são postos como um problema, e muitas tentativas de superá-lo acontecem por meio do estabelecimento de uma condição anti-Gettier para a definição de conhecimento. Essa via de solução leva ao desenvolvimento de teorias da justificação que incorrem em adicionais casos de tipo-Gettier. Diferentemente disso, Laurence BonJour publicou uma crítica denominada O Mito do Conhecimento, em que os casos de Gettier são entendidos como pseudoproblemas epistemológicos. BonJour argumenta que tais casos, e também o Paradoxo da Loteria, são introduzidos à epistemologia como resultado da adoção de uma visão falibilista do conhecimento, particularmente com relação ao conceito de justificação. O que se evidencia é que os falibilistas têm fracassado nas tentativas de soluções para casos tipo-Gettier, e com isso inviabilizam a possibilidade de um conceito coerente de conhecimento. O equívoco da sustentação de uma justificação falível para o conhecimento radica num mito, a saber, que pode ser encontrado no senso comum uma concepção de conhecimento que seja digna de preocupação filosófica. Para BonJour essa visão falibilista do conhecimento é filosoficamente insustentável. Sua sugestão é de que se abandone o mito que a sustenta, pois somente assim se dissolveriam os pseudoproblemas epistemológicos, como aqueles engendrados pelos contraexemplos de Gettier.
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Lain, amador Lucia. "Production of ultra-high-vacuum chambers with integrated getter thin-film coatings by electroforming." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD006/document.

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Des couches minces co-deposées de Titanium Zirconium Vanadium (TiZrV) sont utilisés dans les accélérateurs de particules et les sources de lumière synchrotron pour maintenir les conditions d’ultravide. Elles sont pulvérisés sur les parois internes des chambres à vides, transformant celles-ci en « pompe chimique de gaz ». La tendance dans la conception d’accélérateurs d’électrons consiste à approcher les pôles des aimants de direction au plus près du faisceau d’électrons. Cela implique la réduction du diamètre des tubes hébergeant le vide et nécessite l’utilisation de très petits diamètres pour les chambres à vide. L’application du dépôt par vaporisation physique (PVD) dans un aussi faible diamètre devient alors très difficile. Le but de ce projet est de développer une nouvelle procédure de dépôt couplé à l’assemblage, en utilisant un mandrin sacrificiel en aluminium comme substrat de la couche mince en même temps que la création autour de lui de la chambre à vide elle-même par électroformage de cuivre. La première partie de l’étude concerne la production et la caractérisation de chambre de cuivre électroformées. La robustesse mécanique de l’assemblage complet a été validée, et les caractéristiques du film lui-même sont etudièes par microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), diffraction des rayons X (DRX), spectrométrie de fluorescence-X (XRF) et spectrométrie de photoélectrons X (XPS). De plus, les performances de « pompage chimique des gaz » des nouvelles chambres à vide ainsi élaborées sont mesurées et comparées avec des valeurs de références de revêtements déposés par des procédures classiques dans des tubes de plus grand diamètres. La deuxième partie de l‘étude concerne l’évaluation des impuretés incluses lors des différentes étapes du procédé : le revêtement PVD, l’électroformage et l’étape de dissolution chimique du mandrin. La spectrométrie de désorption thermique et les profils de composition en épaisseur par XPS permettent de quantifier les impuretés dans le cuivre électroformé et dans le film de TiZrV. De plus, la présence d’hydrogène emprisonné dans le cuivre électroformé est étudiée à partir de différents bains à base de sulfate de cuivre. L’un d’entre eux, sans additifs, nécessite l’utilisation de courants pulsés. Le comportement électrochimique du bain permet la sélection de différents paramètres de séquences de pulses, dérivées de situations typiques des courbes transitoires. Finalement, le développement de prototypes de taille réelle a été atteint avec la création de chambres à vide revêtues de TiZrV de 2 mètres de long et 4mm de diamètre, ce qui n’a pas d’équivalent à ce jour
Titanium Zirconium Vanadium (TiZrV) thin film coatings are used in particle accelerators and synchrotron light sources to maintain ultra-high vacuum conditions. They are deposited on the internal walls of the vacuum chambers, transforming them from a gas source into a chemical pump. The trend in electron accelerators design consists in approaching the poles of the steering magnets close to the electron beam. This implies reducing the bore hosting the vacuum chamber and using very small diameter vacuum pipes. The application of physical vapor deposition (PVD) in such small diameter chambers becomes then very difficult. The aim of this project is to develop a novel procedure of coating/assembly, using a sacrificial aluminium mandrel as substrate of the thin film together with the creation of a surrounding copper chamber by electroforming. The first part of the study deals with the production and characterization of the electroformed chambers. The mechanical robustness of the assembly is checked, and the film characterization is performed by secondary electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, the pumping performance is measured and compared with reference values of coatings produced by the standard PVD technique. The second part of the study evaluates the impurities included during the different steps of the process: PVD coating, electroforming and chemical etching of the mandrel. Thermal desorption spectroscopy and XPS depth profiling allow to quantify the impurities in the electroformed copper and the TiZrV thin film. Furthermore, the presence of hydrogen trapped in the electroformed copper is studied for different copper sulphate baths. One of them, without additives, require the use of pulse currents. The electrochemical behaviour of the bath allows the selection of different pulse parameters, derived from typical situations on the transient curves. Finally, the development of real-scale prototypes was achieved with the creation of a 4 mm diameter, 2 meters TiZrV coated vacuum chamber, which is unrivalled up to date
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6

Archer, Adrian Avery. "McDowell, Gettier, and the bipartite account of perceptual knowledge /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/511.

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Fett, João Rizzio Vicente. "O problema de Gettier e a epistemologia do raciocínio." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7995.

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Legend has it that up until the beginning of the latter half of the twentieth century, the philosophical community had tacitly accepted a tripartite analysis of knowledge harking back to Classical Antiquity – the Platonic Legacy. Such an epistemological perspective consists of ancient background assumptions which define 'knowledge' in terms of 'justified true belief'. In 1963, the philosopher Edmund Gettier refuted the sufficiency of this definition, showing to epistemologists that there are cases where it is possible for one to believe truly and justifiably some proposition without having knowledge of it, because the belief turns out to be true just by accident. The Gettier problem requires us to come up with a modified analysis of knowledge which withstands those counterexamples presented by Gettier. In this essay, we examine one of the attempts to solve that problem: the defeasibility theory of knowledge, proposed by Peter Klein. We furnish the reader with good reasons to believe that, unanswered objections notwithstanding, the defeasibility theory offers a promising and interesting analysis of knowledge. Recently, however, the defeasibility theory was faced with a new challenge: the problem of knowledge from falsehood. During the last decade, many purported cases of inferential knowledge based on false beliefs have been put forward in the literature, going against an entrenched Aristotelian thesis on inferential knowledge, according to which only knowledge can produce knowledge. Our last task in this essay is to show in what way Klein’s defeasibilism handles that problem and how it accommodates the possibility of there being knowledge from falsehood.
Reza a lenda que até o início da segunda metade do século XX, a comunidade filosófica aceitava tacitamente, desde os primórdios, uma definição tripartite de conhecimento, remontando aos textos platônicos, segundo a qual conhecimento é crença verdadeira justificada. Em 1963, porém, o filósofo Edmund Gettier publicou um artigo refutando essa definição através de dois contraexemplos. Ele mostrou que há casos nos quais é possível que acreditemos veraz e justificadamente em uma proposição sem que tenhamos conhecimento dela. O problema de Gettier exige que compreendamos como a análise tradicional (Platônica) deve ser alterada de modo que os contraexemplos criados por Gettier não constituam contraexemplos à analise modificada. Nesta dissertação, vamos examinar uma das respostas a esse problema: a teoria da anulabilidade, de Peter Klein. Esperamos, ao fim da apresentação da teoria de Klein, ter oferecido ao leitor boas razões para crer que a teoria da anulabilidade oferece uma análise do conhecimento interessante e promissora em muitos aspectos - não obstante objeções ainda não respondidas - colocando-se, assim, entre as melhores candidatas para a solução do problema de Gettier. Recentemente, contudo, uma grande ameaça se impõe ao anulabilismo de Klein: o problema do “conhecimento via falsidade. ” Nos últimos dez anos, um bom número de ostensivos casos de conhecimento inferencial com base em crenças falsas foi posto em circulação, indo de encontro à enraizada tese Aristotélica sobre conhecimento inferencial, segundo a qual conhecimento inferencial só é produzido por crenças verdadeiras que são casos de conhecimento. Nossa última tarefa será, então, entender como o anulabilismo de Klein acomoda o novo dado epistemológico da possibilidade de haver conhecimento com base em falsidades.
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8

Boström, Dan. "Efter Gettier Kom Plantinga : En Fördjupning av Begreppet Berättigande." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149697.

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After Gettier came Plantinga.In this essay I explore the concepts of justification and warrant. Are they just two words with the same meaning? Starting with Edmund Gettier’s famous 1963 paper Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? as a backdrop, I investigate Alvin Plantinga’s Proper Functionalism, his analysis of warrant, that property enough of which turns mere true belief into knowledge. Then we put Plantinga’s proper functionalism to the test with challenges from a selection of essays from philosophers critical to Plantinga’s views on warrant. We end up in a summary, where I defend the thesis that Plantinga’s proper functionalism has deepened our understanding of warrant to the point that we can say that it is the best starting point when investigating what warrant is, and how it thus helps us in our understanding what constitutes knowledge. The question of whether Plantinga’s account of warrant can be said to be a solution of Gettier cases will depend on our willingness to allow some vagueness in Plantinga’s definition of the cognitive ”mini environment”. Otherwise, a reductive analysis of knowledge and its parts seem doomed. In the end I give a slightly adjusted revision or addendum of proper functionalism, adding what I call the elements of recognition and surprise in being prepared for truth’s either validating or refuting my belief. I also shortly, in a postscript, discuss possible ways forward for those who want to explore more about Plantinga’s design plan condition, whether it should be interpreted in a theistic or naturalistic framework.
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9

Fett, Jo?o Rizzio Vicente. "O problema de Gettier e a epistemologia do racioc?nio." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6571.

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Legend has it that up until the beginning of the latter half of the twentieth century, the philosophical community had tacitly accepted a tripartite analysis of knowledge harking back to Classical Antiquity ? the Platonic Legacy. Such an epistemological perspective consists of ancient background assumptions which define 'knowledge' in terms of 'justified true belief'. In 1963, the philosopher Edmund Gettier refuted the sufficiency of this definition, showing to epistemologists that there are cases where it is possible for one to believe truly and justifiably some proposition without having knowledge of it, because the belief turns out to be true just by accident. The Gettier problem requires us to come up with a modified analysis of knowledge which withstands those counterexamples presented by Gettier. In this essay, we examine one of the attempts to solve that problem: the defeasibility theory of knowledge, proposed by Peter Klein. We furnish the reader with good reasons to believe that, unanswered objections notwithstanding, the defeasibility theory offers a promising and interesting analysis of knowledge. Recently, however, the defeasibility theory was faced with a new challenge: the problem of knowledge from falsehood. During the last decade, many purported cases of inferential knowledge based on false beliefs have been put forward in the literature, going against an entrenched Aristotelian thesis on inferential knowledge, according to which only knowledge can produce knowledge. Our last task in this essay is to show in what way Klein?s defeasibilism handles that problem and how it accommodates the possibility of there being knowledge from falsehood.
Reza a lenda que at? o in?cio da segunda metade do s?culo XX, a comunidade filos?fica aceitava tacitamente, desde os prim?rdios, uma defini??o tripartite de conhecimento, remontando aos textos plat?nicos, segundo a qual conhecimento ? cren?a verdadeira justificada. Em 1963, por?m, o fil?sofo Edmund Gettier publicou um artigo refutando essa defini??o atrav?s de dois contraexemplos. Ele mostrou que h? casos nos quais ? poss?vel que acreditemos veraz e justificadamente em uma proposi??o sem que tenhamos conhecimento dela. O problema de Gettier exige que compreendamos como a an?lise tradicional (Plat?nica) deve ser alterada de modo que os contraexemplos criados por Gettier n?o constituam contraexemplos ? analise modificada. Nesta disserta??o, vamos examinar uma das respostas a esse problema: a teoria da anulabilidade, de Peter Klein. Esperamos, ao fim da apresenta??o da teoria de Klein, ter oferecido ao leitor boas raz?es para crer que a teoria da anulabilidade oferece uma an?lise do conhecimento interessante e promissora em muitos aspectos - n?o obstante obje??es ainda n?o respondidas - colocando-se, assim, entre as melhores candidatas para a solu??o do problema de Gettier. Recentemente, contudo, uma grande amea?a se imp?e ao anulabilismo de Klein: o problema do ?conhecimento via falsidade.? Nos ?ltimos dez anos, um bom n?mero de ostensivos casos de conhecimento inferencial com base em cren?as falsas foi posto em circula??o, indo de encontro ? enraizada tese Aristot?lica sobre conhecimento inferencial, segundo a qual conhecimento inferencial s? ? produzido por cren?as verdadeiras que s?o casos de conhecimento. Nossa ?ltima tarefa ser?, ent?o, entender como o anulabilismo de Klein acomoda o novo dado epistemol?gico da possibilidade de haver conhecimento com base em falsidades.
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10

Wu, Ming. "Etude et intégration de films getter pour le packaging sous vide à basse température de résonateurs à quartz." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS240.

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Le packaging sous vide des capteurs résonants (accéléromètres, gyromètres), des oscillateurs à quartz utilisés dans les références de temps ou encore des bolomètres est indispensable pour obtenir de très hautes performances et les maintenir dans le temps. Le faible volume de la cavité sous vide nécessite un pompage in-situ pour compenser les fuites et maintenir le vide pendant toute la durée de vie des dispositifs. Ce pompage peut être réalisé par l'insertion dans la cavité de matériaux getter, qui constituent un système intégré de pompage à l'état solide par adsorption et piégeage des molécules de gaz.Nous avons étudié les phénomènes d’interdiffusion et comparé la capacité de sorption de films getters de titane, vanadium ou zirconium protégés par une couche ultramince d'or. Les propriétés des films ont été analysées en utilisant différentes techniques: mesure de résistivité 4 pointes, XRD, MEB, XPS et SIMS après différents traitements thermiques. Les résultats montrent que le système Au/Zr est le meilleur candidat à la fonction de matériau getter grâce au démouillage de l'or après traitement thermique : 70 nm de Zr est oxydé en ZrO2 après un recuit à 300 °C pendant 1h, ce qui correspond à 7,5 10-7 moles d'oxygène absorbées. Toutefois ce système Au/Zr réagit déjà à 200 °C-1h, une température qui peut s'avérer trop basse pour des applications de packaging sous vide. Ainsi, l'empilement Au/Zr/V/Zr a été proposé pour mieux cibler la température d'activation autour de 300°C tout en gardant une capacité de sorption importante
The vacuum packaging of resonant sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes) and quartz oscillators which are used for time references or bolometers is needed in order to reach high performances on a long term. The low volume of the cavity requires an in-situ gas pumping to compensate the leaks and maintain the vacuum during all the lifetime of the device. This pumping can be achieved by the integration of getter materials into the cavity, behaving as an integrated solid state pumping system based on the adsorption and the trapping of the gas molecules.We have studied the interdiffusion phenomena and compared the sorption capacity of titanium, vanadium or zirconium getter film protected by a thin gold layer. The properties of these films were analysed by various techniques: 4 point probe resistivity measurement, XRD, SEM, XPS and SIMS after different thermal treatments. The results show that the Au/Zr system is the best candidate thanks to the gold dewetting after thermal treatment: 70 nm of Zr has been oxidized to ZrO2 after annealing at 300 °C-1h, which is corresponding to the absorption of 7,5 10-7 moles of oxygen. However Au/Zr system already reacts at 200 °C-1h, a too low temperature for packaging applications under vacuum. Thus, the multilayer Au/Zr/V/Zr was proposed to target an activation temperature around 300 °C while keeping a high sorption capacity
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Книги з теми "GETTHEM"

1

Wawer, Pola. Poza gettem i obozem. Warszawa: Volumen, 1993.

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2

Getter and getter-ion vacuum pumps. Switzerland: United States, 1994.

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3

The go-getter. Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press, 1985.

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4

artist, Ishikawa Ken 1948-2006, ed. Gettā Robo: Getter Robot. Tōkyō: Shōgakkan Kurieitibu, 2014.

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5

M, Mariański, ed. Wśród przyjaciół i wrogów: Poza gettem w okupowanym Krakowie. Kraków: Wydawn. Literackie, 1988.

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6

interviewer, Obrist Hans Ulrich, ed. Paul-Armand Gette. Paris: Manuella Éditions, 2012.

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7

Marcadé, Bernard. Paul-Armand Gette. Paris: Fall, 1999.

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8

Murray, Martine. Henrietta the greatest go-getter. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen and Unwin, 2017.

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9

Henrietta the great go-getter. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen and Unwin, 2008.

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10

1948-2006, Ishikawa Ken, and Dainamikku Puro, eds. Gettā Robo G: Getter Robot. Tōkyō: Shōgakkan Kurieitibu, 2015.

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Частини книг з теми "GETTHEM"

1

Musgrave, Alan. "Getting Over Gettier." In Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 3–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3983-3_1.

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2

Schurz, Gerhard. "Das Gettier-Problem." In Erkenntnistheorie, 33–42. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04755-7_3.

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3

Comesaña, Juan, and Manuel Comesaña. "The Gettier Problem." In Skepticism The Basics, 62–87. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003208440-5.

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4

Church, Ian M. "The Gettier Problem." In The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy and Psychology of Luck, 261–72. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351258760-24.

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5

McGlynn, Aidan. "Introduction: Lessons from Gettier." In Knowledge First?, 1–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137026460_1.

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6

Greco, John. "Contextualism and Gettier Cases." In The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Contextualism, 190–201. 1 [edition]. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge handbooks in philosophy: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315745275-16.

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7

Meyers, Robert G. "Justification and the Gettier Problem." In The Likelihood of Knowledge, 86–105. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2905-0_5.

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8

Conee, Earl. "Why Solve the Gettier Problem?" In Philosophical Analysis, 55–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2909-8_4.

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9

Turri, John. "Knowledge Judgments in “Gettier” Cases." In A Companion to Experimental Philosophy, 335–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118661666.ch23.

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10

Frank, D. J., and T. C. Nast. "Getter-Activated Cryogenic Thermal Switch." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 933–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_104.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "GETTHEM"

1

Monakhov, V. N., V. F. Popov, and V. P. Krasilnikova. "Chemisorption getter pump." In 1998 4th International Conference on Actual Problems of Electronic Instrument Engineering Proceedings. APEIE-98. IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apeie.1998.768908.

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2

Allison, Dale M. "Pind getter analysis report." In 1985 EIC 17th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eic.1985.7458640.

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3

Houghtaling, T. K., and R. R. Livingston. "Proposal for Qualification of Gas-Generating Radioactive Payloads for Transportation Within a Type B Package: The Recombiner/Getter Approach." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2138.

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This paper proposes an alternative approach to qualifying gas generating radioactive payloads for shipment within Type B packaging through application of hydrogen recombiner/getter technology. This work compliments an earlier paper by the first author describing a direct measurement approach to achieving the same qualification goal. Specifically, this paper discusses another part of the success at the Savannah River Site in authorizing onsite transfer of legacy Radioactive Materials within the DDF-1 package. The current safety basis requires a measurement of storage can pressure and placement of a recombiner/getter product inside the package containment vessel to prevent significant hydrogen accumulation within the closed volume surrounding the storage can. These two actions are sufficient to ensure 1) that deflagration pressure of a potential flammable gas mixture is within Normal Conditions of Transport, and 2) the consequences of a detonation shock wave are within the Hypothetical Accident Conditions.
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4

Yamaguchi, Kenji, and Katsuhiro Nakamura. "HW-based random bit sequence generation method using gettime function." In 2008 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isita.2008.4895558.

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5

Clarke, Peter J., and Bill Gardner. "RF bias getter reactive sputtering of La-Cu-O." In Topical conference on high tc superconducting thin films, devices, and applications. AIP, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.37972.

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6

Maharshi, Vikram, Manjeet Kumar, Ajay Agarwal, and Bhaskar Mitra. "MEMS Thin-Film Vacuum Package Utilizing Glow Discharge Getter." In 2023 IEEE 36th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mems49605.2023.10052625.

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7

Caporuscio, Florie, Kirsten Sauer, and Marlena Rock. "Adding Phosphate as a ‘uranium Getter’ in Hydrothermal Bentonite Experiments." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.319.

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8

Manini, Paolo, Donald G. Crabb, Yelena Prok, Matt Poelker, Simonetta Liuti, Donal B. Day, and Xiaochao Zheng. "Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) Pumps: a Route to UHV-XHV." In SPIN PHYSICS: 18th International Spin Physics Symposium. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3215608.

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9

Bansod, Tripti, B. K. Sindal, Kvanps Kumar, and S. K. Shukla. "Deposition of non evaporable getter films and their vacuum performance." In INDIAN VACUUM SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM ON THIN FILMS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4732425.

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10

Xu, Yaohua, Jiandong Cui, Hang Cui, Hao Zhou, Zhimin Yang, and Jun Du. "ZrCoCe Getter Film Solution for Under Controlled Atmosphere MEMS Packaging." In International Conference on Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aeece-15.2015.40.

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Звіти організацій з теми "GETTHEM"

1

Clower, C. A. Jr. Titanium-getter testing for TMX-U. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5883073.

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2

Livingston, R. R. Test Plan for Composite Hydrogen Getter Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/767285.

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3

Elmore, Monte R. User?s Guide for Getter Rate Test System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/912729.

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4

Ecker, Lynne, Sanjit Ghose, Simerjeet Gill, Praveen K. Thallapally, and Denis M. Strachan. Engineering Report on the Fission Gas Getter Concept. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1111251.

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5

Asmussen, Robert M., Amanda R. Lawter, John R. Stephenson, Mark E. Bowden, Nancy M. Washton, James J. Neeway, Yingge Du, et al. Getter Incorporation into Cast Stone and Solid State Characterizations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1334894.

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6

Saab, A., and L. Dinh. Studies of Hydrogen Getter Material Self-decomposition and Reaction Capacity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/908101.

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7

Shepodd, Timothy J., Todd Woodsmall, and April Nissen. Savannah River Site/K Area Complex getter life extension report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948330.

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8

Livingston, R. R. Evaluation of H2 Getter Materials for Use in the TRUPACT-II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14887.

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9

Hubbard, Kevin Mark, and Cynthia Wathen Sandoval. Characterization and Testing of Improved Hydrogen Getter Materials - FY16 Annual Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1331298.

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10

Ahrens L. Anomalous Beam Motion in the TTB Line, and the Getter-Strip Hypothesis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132449.

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