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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Geological environments"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Geological environments"

1

HAO, Ziguo, Hongcai FEI, Qingqing HAO, and Susan TURNER. "Status of China's Geological Survey and Geological Environments in 2013." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 88, no. 3 (June 2014): 1020–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12256.

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2

de Kemp, Eric A. "Spatial agents for geological surface modelling." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 6661–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6661-2021.

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Abstract. Increased availability and use of 3D-rendered geological models have provided society with predictive capabilities, supporting natural resource assessments, hazard awareness, and infrastructure development. The Geological Survey of Canada, along with other such institutions, has been trying to standardize and operationalize this modelling practice. Knowing what is in the subsurface, however, is not an easy exercise, especially when it is difficult or impossible to sample at greater depths. Existing approaches for creating 3D geological models involve developing surface components that represent spatial geological features, horizons, faults, and folds, and then assembling them into a framework model as context for downstream property modelling applications (e.g. geophysical inversions, thermo-mechanical simulations, and fracture density models). The current challenge is to develop geologically reasonable starting framework models from regions with sparser data when we have more complicated geology. This study explores the problem of geological data sparsity and presents a new approach that may be useful to open up the logjam in modelling the more challenging terrains using an agent-based approach. Semi-autonomous software entities called spatial agents can be programmed to perform spatial and property interrogation functions, estimations and construction operations for simple graphical objects, that may be usable in building 3D geological surfaces. These surfaces form the building blocks from which full geological and topological models are built and may be useful in sparse-data environments, where ancillary or a priori information is available. Critical in developing natural domain models is the use of gradient information. Increasing the density of spatial gradient information (fabric dips, fold plunges, and local or regional trends) from geologic feature orientations (planar and linear) is the key to more accurate geologic modelling and is core to the functions of spatial agents presented herein. This study, for the first time, examines the potential use of spatial agents to increase gradient constraints in the context of the Loop project (https://loop3d.github.io/, last access: 1 October 2021​​​​​​​) in which new complementary methods are being developed for modelling complex geology for regional applications. The spatial agent codes presented may act to densify and supplement gradient as well as on-contact control points used in LoopStructural (https://www.github.com/Loop3d/LoopStructural, last access: 1 October 2021) and Map2Loop (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4288476, de Rose et al., 2020). Spatial agents are used to represent common geological data constraints, such as interface locations and gradient geometry, and simple but topologically consistent triangulated meshes. Spatial agents can potentially be used to develop surfaces that conform to reasonable geological patterns of interest, provided that they are embedded with behaviours that are reflective of the knowledge of their geological environment. Initially, this would involve detecting simple geological constraints: locations, trajectories, and trends of geological interfaces. Local and global eigenvectors enable spatial continuity estimates, which can reflect geological trends, with rotational bias, using a quaternion implementation. Spatial interpolation of structural geology orientation data with spatial agents employs a range of simple nearest-neighbour to inverse-distance-weighted (IDW) and quaternion-based spherical linear rotation interpolation (SLERP) schemes. This simulation environment implemented in NetLogo 3D is potentially useful for complex-geology–sparse-data environments where extension, projection, and propagation functions are needed to create more realistic geological forms.
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Searle, D. E. "Dredgeability Investigations in Contrasting Geological Environments." Exploration Geophysics 18, no. 1-2 (March 1, 1987): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg987192.

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4

MacCormack, Kelsey, Emmanuelle Arnaud, and Beth L. Parker. "Using a multiple variogram approach to improve the accuracy of subsurface geological models." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 7 (July 2018): 786–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0112.

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Subsurface geological models are often used to visualize and analyze the nature, geometry, and variability of geologic and hydrogeologic units in the context of groundwater resource studies. The development of three-dimensional (3D) subsurface geological models covering increasingly larger model domains has steadily increased in recent years, in step with the rapid development of computing technology and software, and the increasing need to understand and manage groundwater resources at the regional scale. The models are then used by decision makers to guide activities and policies related to source water protection, well field development, and industrial or agricultural water use. It is important to ensure that the modelling techniques and procedures are able to accurately delineate and characterize the heterogeneity of the various geological environments included within the regional model domain. The purpose of this study is to examine if 3D stratigraphic models covering complex Quaternary deposits can be improved by splitting the regional model into multiple submodels based on the degree of variability observed between surrounding data points and informed by expert geological knowledge of the geological–depositional framework. This is demonstrated using subsurface data from the Paris Moraine area near Guelph in southern Ontario. The variogram models produced for each submodel region were able to better characterize the data variability, resulting in a more geologically realistic interpolation of the entire model domain as demonstrated by the comparison of the model output with preexisting maps of surficial geology and bedrock topography as well as depositional models for these complex glacial environments. Importantly, comparison between model outputs reveals significant differences in the resulting subsurface stratigraphy, complexity, and variability, which would in turn impact groundwater flow model predictions.
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Yamin, Luis E., Juan C. Reyes, Rodrigo Rueda, Esteban Prada, Raul Rincon, Carolina Herrera, Julian Daza, and Andrea C. Riaño. "Practical seismic microzonation in complex geological environments." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 114 (November 2018): 480–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.07.030.

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6

Lindwall, Dennis A. "Imaging marine geological environments with vector acoustics." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 5 (May 2006): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4786956.

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7

Penn, S. "The geophysical investigation of Quaternary geological environments." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.54.

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AbstractThere is a considerable Variation in the lithology and thickness of glacial and fluvial Sediments in Western Europe. This wide range of materials is associated with significant engineering problems and considerable economic interest from the extractive industries.Geophysical techniques are widely applied to map and investigate areas with glacial deposits and fluvio-glacial sands and gravels. There are sheet-like outwash deposits, some with buried and therefore unpredictable Channels, and smaller fissure and pocket deposits in rock. An assessment of the geometry of a deposit can be accurately achieved with geophysical methods, and electrical techniques have been particularly successful. The nature of the deposit, layering within the deposit, lateral Variation of lithology, thickness and depth to bedrock may all be established quickly and with great cost effectiveness.Numerous other problems occur with Quaternary environments particularly alteration and contamination of rock masses. Electrical techniques are also a powerful investigative tool in these situations.The success of these techniques depends upon the geophysical properties of the material to be investigated and the geophysical properties of the underlying sediment or bedrock, the technique actually selected, professional field practice and interpretation. These factors will be discussed and illustrated with reference to a number of case studies.
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8

Mikhailenko, Anna, and Dmitry Ruban. "Geoheritage in Deltaic Environments: Classification Notes, Case Example, and Geopark Implication." Environments 6, no. 2 (February 3, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6020018.

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River deltas boast ecosystem richness, but their efficient conservation and management require consideration of the full spectrum of natural phenomena, including those which are geological. Few specialists have explored the issue of deltaic geological heritage (geoheritage), and the relevant knowledge remains scarce and non-systematised. This paper proposes the first classification of this geoheritage. Five categories are distinguished: entire-delta geological phenomenon, delta-associated “purely” geological features, delta-associated features resulting from geology–ecosystem interactions, geological features occasional to deltas, and geoarchaeological localities in deltas. Chosen as a case example, the Don River delta in the southwestern part of Russia possesses geoheritage of these categories, except for the latter. The relevant unique geological features differ by their types and ranks. Of particular interest is the phenomenon of a self-cleaning environment which prevents mercury concentration in the soil despite pollution from natural and anthropogenic sources. The complexity of the deltaic geoheritage, its co-existence with the rich biodiversity, and the aesthetical issues make geopark creation in river deltas a sensible venture. Relevant proposals have been made for Malaysia and the Netherlands–Belgium border, and the Don River delta in Russia also presents an appropriate location for geopark creation.
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9

Ofori, Leslie, and Ernie Tretkoff. "Research Spotlight: Studying heat transport in geological environments." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 91, no. 30 (July 27, 2010): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo091i030p00268-04.

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10

Kirillova, G. L. "Cretaceous tectonics and geological environments in East Russia." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 21, no. 8 (June 2003): 967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-9120(02)00093-7.

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Дисертації з теми "Geological environments"

1

Abarca, Cameo Elena. "Seawater intrusion in complex geological environments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6243.

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Modelling seawater intrusion (SWI) has evolved from a tool for understanding to a water management need. Yet, it remains a challenge. Difficulties arise from the assessment of dispersion coefficients and the complexity of natural systems that results in complicated aquifer geometries and heterogeneity in the hydraulic parameters. Addressing such difficulties is the objective of this thesis. Specifically, factors that may affect the flow and transport in coastal aquifers and produce heterogeneous salinity distributions are studied.

First, a new paradigm for seawater intrusion is proposed since the current paradigm (the Henry problem) fails to properly reproduce observed SWI wedges. Mixing is represented by means of a velocity dependent dispersion tensor in the new proposed problem. Thereby, we denote it as "dispersive Henry problem". SWI is characterized in terms of the wedge penetration, width of the mixing zone and influx of seawater. We find that the width of the mixing zone depends basically on dispersion, with longitudinal and transverse dispersion controlling different parts of the mixing zone but displaying similar overall effects. The wedge penetration is mainly controlled by the horizontal permeability and by the geometric mean of the dispersivities. Transverse dispersivity and the geometric mean of the hydraulic conductivity are the leading parameters controlling the amount of salt that enters the aquifer.

Second, the effect of heterogeneity was studied by incorporating heterogeneity in the hydraulic permeability into the modified Henry problem. Results show that heterogeneity causes the toe to recede while increases both the width and slope of the mixing zone. The shape of the interface and the saltwater flux depends on the distribution of the permeability in each realization. However, the toe penetration and the width of the mixing zone do not show large fluctuations. Both variables are satisfactorily reproduced, in cases of moderate heterogeneity, by homogeneous media with equivalent permeability and either local or effective dispersivities.

Third, the effect of aquifer geometry in horizontally large confined aquifers was analyzed. Lateral slope turned out to be a critical factor. Lateral slopes in the seaside boundary of more than 3% cause the development of horizontal convection cells. The deepest zones act as preferential zones for seawater to enter the aquifer and preferential discharging zones are developed in the upwards lateral margins. A dimensionless number, Nby, has been defined to estimate the relative importance of this effect.

All these factors can be determinant to explain the evolution of salinity in aquifers such as the Main aquifer of the Llobregat delta. Finally, a management model of this aquifer is developed to optimally design corrective measures to restore the water quality of the aquifer. The application of two different optimization methodologies, a linear and a non-linear optimization method, allowed (1) to quantify the hydraulic efficiency of two potential corrective measures: two recharge ponds and a seawater intrusion barrier; (2) to determine the water necessary to be injected in each of these measures to restore the water quality of the aquifer while minimizing changes in the pumping regime and (3) to assess the sustainable pumping regime (with and without the implementation of additional measures) once the water quality has been restored. Shadow prices obtained from linear programming become a valuable tool to quantify the hydraulic efficiency of potential corrective measures to restore water quality in the aquifer.
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2

Swift, Roland. "Transient electromagnetic soundings in complex geological environments." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34969.

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TEM sounding curves are distorted by geological noise in complex environments and often cannot be interpreted using practical 1D interpretation schemes which assume homogeneous, horizontal strata. Systematic experiments with a Geonics EM42 and MarkI and MarkII SIROTEM systems in complex environments show that geological noise is dominant over system noise and errors in loop receiver geometry which seldom exceed 2% of the measured signal. Inversion results in complex areas depend on the loop configuration and type of receiver, unlike those from 1D situations. Small loops are less susceptible to geological noise and have a better vertical resolution than large loops which, however, do have greater depths of penetration. When carrying out soundings along profiles it is important to match the station spacing and loop size to the scale of lateral discontinuities. Data from four geologically complex areas in Cyprus, Spain, Northern Ireland and England have been collected and interpreted to investigate the applicability of using TEM depth soundings in such environments. The results have shown than in some areas, soundings can provide useful quantitative information on depths and resistivities. Even in extremely noisy areas the method can be used to locate anomalies for follow up work with other geophysical methods. Investigations of various interpretation schemes including pseudosections, time slices and 1D inversions have demonstrated limitations in complex environments. A new interpretation scheme based on a direct calculation of approximate depths from an apparent resistivity curve has been developed which removes some of the ambiguities due to the resistivity dependent velocity of the EM waves. A general purpose TEM reduction and interpretation program has been written to carry out apparent resistivity and direct depth calculations, forward modelling and 1D inversions. Tests on synthetic and field data show a good agreement with sections produced from inversions and borehole data.
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Montsion, Rebecca. "3D Regional Geological Modelling in Structurally Complex Environments: Gaining Geological Insight for the Northern Labrador Trough." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36539.

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3D geological modelling is becoming an effective tool for communication and development of geological understanding. This is due to increased computer performance and availability of improved geological modelling software. 3D geological modelling technology has reached the stage where it can be implemented in regionally extensive and geologically complex settings, with the ability to achieve geological insight beyond what could otherwise have been gained through 2D investigations alone. Insight includes better constrained fault and horizon topologies, refined fold geometries, improved understanding of tectonic processes, and characterization of deformational events. By integrating field observations, aeromagnetic maps, and 3D modelling techniques in the northern Labrador Trough, a regionally extensive and structurally complex geological environment, regional faults geometries and topological relationships were refined. Additionally, a new fault, the Ujaralialuk Fault, and two shear zones were interpreted. During modelling, several challenges were identified, including higher computational costs for regionally extensive models, sparse 3D constraints, algorithmic limitations related to complex geometries, and the large investment of time and effort required to produce a single model solution. A benefit of this investigation is that new insight was also gained for a greenfields region which may assist future exploration efforts. Developing 3D models in challenging environments allows for better definition of future workflow requirements, algorithm enhancements, and knowledge integration. These are needed to achieve a geologically reasonable modelling standard and gain insight for poorly constrained geological settings.
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4

Grashion, Anton R. "Computer aided analysis of ancient fluvial depositional environments." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241509.

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Brew, David Scott. "Sedimentary environments and Holocene evolution of the Suffolk estuaries." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235628.

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A stratigraphic investigation of the marshland adjacent to the five main estuaries in Suffolk and offshore of the Alde estuary has been made. The results are used to establish a Holocene evolution for the Suffolk coast and are compared with coastal sequences elsewhere in East Anglia. The stratigraphy of the Blyth estuary in north Suffolk comprises four lithostratigraphic units; a basal freshwater peat overlain by estuarine Lower Clay, Middle Peat and Upper Clay representing two phases of transgressive overlap sandwiching a phase of regressive overlap. Peat formation began about 6750 yrs BP and continued until 6500 yrs BP when the sequence was inundated and eroded by marine waters during the initial phases of transgressive overlap. Estuarine silt/clay deposition (both low and high intertidal flat) persisted until about 4500 yrs, BP when a transition to further peat growth occurred. The second phase of estuarine sedimentation (predominantly high intertidal flat) began at about 4300 yrs BP. These dates correlate well with dates for similar tendencies of sea-level movement in the Fens, north Norfolk and Broadland. The Blyth sequence contrasts with the Holocene sequence in the Deben, Orwell and Stour estuaries in south Suffolk which comprises a continuous estuarine clastic sequence without an intermediate peat. Estuarine conditions are believed to have begun about 8000 yrs BP and a high subsidence rate combined with low'sediment accumulation rates caused the estuaries to remain flooded throughout the Holocene. The onshore data, plus data offshore from the Alde estuary has been used to evaluate the position of the coast after 8700 yrs BP. The coastal evolution is interpreted to have been controlled by the movement of coastal barrier or spit systems. A significant barrier breaching episode is believed to have occurred post-7000 yrs BP causing erosional contacts and development of higher energy-estuarine environments. After, this time, the, Blyth estuary was significantly affected by further spit or barrier growth. The Alde, Deben, Orwell and Stour estuaries, however, were essentially barrier (spit) free during the Holocene and protected from southerly longshore drift by a land barrier north of the Alde estuary. The land barrier was eventually breached and subsequent formation of Orford Ness and Landguard Spit began. The present-day inland saline penetration up the river Blyth is the maximum achieved at any time during the Holocene. This contrasts with Broadland and Fenland where the maximum penetration occurred about 2000 years earlier. The main reason for the differences appears to be a higher coastal erosion rate in Suffolk compared to Norfolk (Fenland is actively prograding).
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6

Brydon, Richard. "TRACING MAGAMTIC PROCESS IN PLUTONIC ENVIRONMENTS: INSIGHT FROM APATITE AND RIFT-RELATED GRANITES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1547117312990626.

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Banning, Andre Wilhelm [Verfasser]. "Natural arsenic and uranium accumulation and remobilization in different geological environments / Andre Wilhelm Banning." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022617214/34.

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Ile, Charlene Omeniem Keletso. "The use of well log data in the creation of 3D geological maps." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8294.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Three-dimensional (3D) graphic representations of geographic environments have become commonplace in a range of elds. These representations are often an attempt to represent both geographic forms, as well as the relationships that exist between them. In contrast to other elds, the use of 3D geological models in the visualisation of the subsurface environment is relatively new. Additionally, these 3D geological models are traditionally created through the painstaking process of manual development methods. As such, the models developed are unable to fully utilise the wealth of geological data that is collected during subsurface exploration. Therefore, the objective of this research was to create a 3D geological prototype that allowed for the visualisation of underground resource reservoirs in a faster, easier and more aesthetically appealing manner. To achieve the objectives of this research, the problem was tackled holistically by considering both the theoretical and practical components of the research. Some theoretical components that were considered are: well log wireline log data composition, the information that can be extracted from each well log component, geological data interpolation as well as geological visualisation. Utilisation of the theoretical component of this research facilitated the development of a programme that modelled and visualised sub-surface environments. The programme applied the information from numerous well log datasets and interpolated the various geological layers that could be found within a region.
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Segwabe, Tebogo. "The geological framework and depositional environments of the coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005567.

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The investigation of the geological history (i.e., stratigraphy and sedimentology) and the dynamics of coal depositional environments, in particular, the forces responsible for changes in the accommodation space (e.g., subsidence vs. sedimentation rates) in the Permian coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin (Botswana) revealed new details about the depositional processes and environments. Detailed review of the temporal and spatial stratigraphic variation of the coal-bearing Ecca Group successions via the analysis of facies changes based on core descriptions, gamma logs, field observations and palaeo-current measurements, lead to the identification of two main informal stratigraphic units, namely the Basal and Upper Units. The Basal Unit is characterised by an upward-coarsening succession, and it is interpreted as a product of a progradational deltaic setting (i.e., regressive deltaic cycle). This is followed by five sequences of fining-upward successions of sandstones and siltstones in the Upper Unit, interpreted as deposits of distributary channels (the basal arenaceous member) capped by finer argillaceous sequences of the deltaic floodplains (the upper coal-bearing member). The Upper Unit thus is interpreted as a delta plain facies association which was formed during transgressive phases when conditions for coal-quality peat accumulation (e.g., high water table) were present and the available accommodation space was partly controlled by tectonic uplift (repeated?) at basin margins. Limited palaeo-current analysis indicates deposition by channels flowing from the east, south-east and north-east. The lack of good quality exposures hampers the reconstruction of the plan form of the channel patterns. However, the little available evidence indicates a high-energy fluvio-deltaic system with irregular discharge and a high proportion of bedload sediments. Coal-seam thickness in the upper coal-bearing member reflect the complex control of the geological processes associated with and following peat formation, such as differential compaction of the underlying lithology, and the erosive or protective nature of the immediately overlying lithology.
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Lucas, Natasha S. "The application of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to the analysis of geological samples in simulated extra-terrestrial atmospheric environments." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/22723/.

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Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique that can determine the elemental composition and quantities of a sample by the spectral analysis of a laser induced plume. This study was undertaken to develop, characterise and assess the use of the LIBS technique on geological samples in different pressure and gaseous environments. The experimental range chosen was dictated by the planetary conditions on Titan and other extra-terrestrial bodies with the samples analysed chosen to complement a range of rock types. A LIBS system was developed, together with associated experimental apparatus able to acquire results in varying pressure and gaseous environments. The capability of LIBS to analyse weathered rock samples was investigated under various ambient conditions; pressures of 160x103 Pa to 0.4x10-3 Pa and ambient gaseous mixtures of air, nitrogen and methane. Particular attention was paid to temporal and power considerations under such regimes. As was expected, the chosen delay time to optimise the emission signals needed to be increased with increasing ambient pressure. At power values as low as 28.5 mJ/pulse (using a 6 ns pulse from a doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm) a valid emission signal could be obtained. Increasing the laser power resulted in a reduction in the overall signal to noise ratio. It was observed that ambient methane quenches the optical emission signal due to non-radiative transitions. In spite of this, valid qualitative data are obtainable, even when emissions due to carbon transitions from both the sample and the gaseous environment, are present. Results are presented which support the premise that the LIBS technique can be used to investigate both the surface and depth compositions of geological samples under extra-terrestrial conditions.
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Книги з теми "Geological environments"

1

Medical geology: Effects of geological environments on human health. Boston: Elsevier, 2004.

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2

Hinkle, Margaret E. Geochemical sampling in arid environments by the U.S. Geological Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1988.

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Hinkle, Margaret E. Geochemical sampling in arid environments by the U.S. Geological Survey. Denver, CO: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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4

Livingston, Russell K. U.S. Geological Survey activities in New Mexico 1995. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Canada, Geological Survey of, ed. Geology and geological hazards of the Vancouver region, southwestern British Columbia. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada, 1994.

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6

Geological and geochemical environments of precambrian sulphide deposits in southwestern Finland. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1989.

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Logan, Brian W. The MacLeod evaporite basin, western Australia: Holocene environments, sediments and geological evolution. Tulsa, Okla, U.S.A: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1987.

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Mustafaev, S. T. Opasnye geologicheskie prot︠s︡essy na territorii I︠U︡go-Vostochnogo Kazakhstana: Dangerous geological processes in territory of Southeast Kazakhstan. Almaty: Ghylym, 2008.

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9

Webster, Frank L. Geologic report: Proposed Northern California Planning Area, OCS lease sale no. 91. Los Angeles, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, 1986.

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J, Burdick Deborah, Yenne Keith A, and United States. Minerals Management Service., eds. Geologic report: Proposed Northern California Planning Area, OCS lease sale no. 91. Los Angeles, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Geological environments"

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Vršanský, Peter. "Geological Settings and Environments." In SpringerBriefs in Animal Sciences, 29–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59407-7_3.

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White, J. "The Use of Sediment Traps in High-Energy Environments." In Marine Geological Surveying and Sampling, 145–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0615-0_12.

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Reynolds, J. M. "High-Resolution Seismic Reflection Surveying of Shallow Marine and Estuarine Environments." In Marine Geological Surveying and Sampling, 41–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0615-0_4.

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Pedrazzi, G., E. Schingaro, and F. Scordari. "MÖssbauer Investigation on Ti-Garnets from Different Geological Environments." In Hyperfine Interactions (C), 457–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0281-3_112.

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Pour, Amin Beiranvand, Mazlan Hashim, and Yongcheol Park. "Geology and Remote Sensing Investigations in Antarctic Environments." In Engineering Geology and Geological Engineering for Sustainable Use of the Earth’s Resources, Urbanization and Infrastructure Protection from Geohazards, 272–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61648-3_19.

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Bailey, Geoff N., Matthew Meredith-Williams, Abdullah Alsharekh, and Niklas Hausmann. "The Archaeology of Pleistocene Coastal Environments and Human Dispersals in the Red Sea: Insights from the Farasan Islands." In Geological Setting, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Red Sea, 583–604. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99408-6_26.

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Oldenburg, Curtis M. "Geologic Carbon Sequestration geologic/geological carbon sequestration : Sustainability and Environmental Risk." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 4119–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_200.

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Pourmorad, Saeid, and Ashutosh Mohanty. "Environmental Geological Studies." In Alluvial Fans in Southern Iran, 151–66. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2045-5_6.

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Necib, Sophia, Nikitas Diomidis, Peter Keech, and Masashi Nakayama. "Corrosion of carbon steel in clay environments relevant to radioactive waste geological disposals, Mont Terri rock laboratory (Switzerland)." In Mont Terri Rock Laboratory, 20 Years, 331–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70458-6_17.

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Yuhai, Liu. "Urban Environmental Geological Problems." In Engineering Geology, 367–73. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429087813-38.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Geological environments"

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Sasao, Eiji. "The Long-Term Stability of Geological Environments in the Various Rock Types in Japan From the Perspective of Uranium Mineralization." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40039.

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Long-term stability of the geological environment is one of the important keys for deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in the Japanese Islands due to their location in a tectonically active island-arc. Uranium occurrences in Japan have been subjected to many geological processes inherent to the island-arc setting. Geological environments associated with uranium mineralization are considered favorable for HLW disposal, because uranium mineralization is considered a natural analogue of the radionuclides in HLW. Studies on the long-term stability of the uranium mineralization in Japan can be instructive as these could provide useful information on the long-term stability of the geological environment. Information on host rock and mode of occurrence of uranium mineralization was compiled from published data. The mineralization occurs in these types of deposits, i.e., sedimentary formations, association with metallic ore mineralization of magmatic origin and stratiform manganese mineralization, pegmatite, and alluvial placer deposit. The mineralization occurs in various geological settings in Japan. This fact suggests that geological environments suitable for geological isolation are widely distributed in the Japanese Islands, despite their location in a geologically active area. This study will support building confidence in HLW disposal in the Japanese Islands.
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Walker, P., and Y. Lamontagne. "Electromagnetic interpretation in complex geological environments." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2006. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2369756.

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Medina, Matthew Joshua, Michael N. Spilde, Stephen Smith, and Diana E. Northup. "Investigating the Microorganisms of Subsurface Mineral Environments." In 2014 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2014.274.

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Zhao, X. L., J. Liu, and X. L. Yang. "Study of geological hazard's assessment on coastline change." In Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Monitoring and Assessment of Natural Resources and Environments, edited by Lin Liu, Xia Li, Kai Liu, Xinchang Zhang, and Yong Lao. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.813046.

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Maximov, G. A., V. A. Larichev, D. N. Lesonen, and A. V. Derov. "Geospline: Mathematical Model of 3D Complex Geological Medium." In SPE Arctic and Extreme Environments Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166834-ms.

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Maximov, G. A., V. A. Larichev, D. N. Lesonen, and A. V. Derov. "Geospline: Mathematical Model of 3D Complex Geological Medium (Russian)." In SPE Arctic and Extreme Environments Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166834-ru.

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Hicks, Tim, Matt White, Tamara Baldwin, Neil Chapman, Fiona Neall, Ian McKinley, Paul Hooker, Phil Richardson, and Samantha King. "Design Options for the UK’s ILW Geological Disposal Facility." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16241.

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Over the last few years, a major national programme of public consultation has been under way in the UK resulting, in 2006, in the announcement by government of geological disposal as the most appropriate solution for the long-term management of the UK’s long-lived and higher-activity radioactive waste and the launch, in 2008, of an implementation programme. The approach being pursued is to solicit volunteer communities to host a geological disposal facility, which may contain not only intermediate-level waste (ILW) and some low-level waste (LLW), but also high-level waste (HLW), any spent fuel (SF) declared as waste, and potentially other materials that may be declared as waste. These wastes have different physical, chemical, thermal and radiological characteristics, and different concepts will be required to accommodate their disposal, potentially in a single facility. The volunteer approach means that the geological environment that might eventually emerge as the preferred location is not known at the outset. Indeed, the siting process may require evaluation of several different geological environments because the UK has rich geological variability for such a small landmass. Consequently, the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), which is charged with designing, developing and implementing a geological disposal facility, has investigated facility designs that could be appropriate for a wide range of host rocks and geological environments. This paper presents the results of a project carried out on behalf of the NDA to collate and report information on concepts for the geological disposal of ILW/LLW; a separate project carried out a parallel evaluation of options for disposing of HLW and SF. Initially, the range of geological disposal facility design options available worldwide for the disposal of ILW/LLW was evaluated. Nine disposal concepts were identified and reviewed that would cater for any geological environment likely to arise in the UK. These concepts have different engineering and operational aspects. The appropriateness of each option for implementation in five different generic geological environments was assessed using expert judgement, with input from the NDA, consultants and the UK regulatory agencies. The paper presents a set of generic designs derived from the study and discusses the key issues that would need to be addressed should any of these designs be considered for implementation in specific geological environments in the UK. The findings of this work are intended to provide a resource to support comparisons of alternative disposal concepts and the identification of designs suitable for the disposal of UK ILW/LLW in different geological environments.
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Mitchell, K. R., B. Cron, L. J. Crossey, and C. Takacs-Vesbach. "GEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS ON MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION FROM VARIED HOT SPRING ENVIRONMENTS." In 2007 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2007.2693.

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Balaban, I. J., and I. S. Gutman. "Cost Efficient Decrease of Risks Due to Additional Geological Information." In SPE Arctic and Extreme Environments Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166819-ms.

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Duah, Bright, and William Bill Ch�vez Jnr. "Variations in Chalcocite Trace Element Compositions: Comparison of Hypogene and Supergene Sulfide Environments." In 2019 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2019.1480.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Geological environments"

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Hulbert, L. J., J. M. Duke, O. R. Eckstrand, J. W. Lydon, R F J. Scoates, L. J. Cabri, and T N Irvine. Geological Environments of the Platinum Group Elements. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/130338.

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Hovorka, Susan. Optimization of Geological Environments for Carbon Dioxide Disposan in Saline Aquifers in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834155.

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Hovorka, Susan. Optimization of Geological Environments for Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Saline Aquifers in the United States (Part One). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/990445.

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Hovorka, Susan. Optimization of Geological Environments for Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Saline Aquifers in the United States (Part Two). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/990446.

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Hovorka, Susan. Optimization of Geological Environments for Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Saline Aquifers in the United States (Part Four). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/990449.

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Ansari, S. M., E. M. Schetselaar, and J. A. Craven. Three-dimensional magnetotelluric modelling of the Lalor volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328003.

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Unconstrained magnetotelluric inversion commonly produces insufficient inherent resolution to image ore-system fluid pathways that were structurally thinned during post-emplacement tectonic activity. To improve the resolution in these complex environments, we synthesized the 3-D magnetotelluric (MT) response for geologically realistic models using a finite-element-based forward-modelling tool with unstructured meshes and applied it to the Lalor volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit in the Snow Lake mining camp, Manitoba. This new tool is based on mapping interpolated or simulated resistivity values from wireline logs onto unstructured tetrahedral meshes to reflect, with the help of 3-D models obtained from lithostratigraphic and lithofacies drillhole logs, the complexity of the host-rock geological structure. The resulting stochastic model provides a more realistic representation of the heterogeneous spatial distribution of the electric resistivity values around the massive, stringer, and disseminated sulfide ore zones. Both models were combined into one seamless tetrahedral mesh of the resistivity field. To capture the complex resistivity distribution in the geophysical forward model, a finite-element code was developed. Comparative analyses of the forward models with MT data acquired at the Earth's surface show a reasonable agreement that explains the regional variations associated with the host rock geological structure and detects the local anomalies associated with the MT response of the ore zones.
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Hadlari, T. Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program: activities in the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326088.

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Advancements in the establishment of the geological framework of the Sverdrup Basin resulting from the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program can be grouped under the main topics of tectonostratigraphy, crosslinking of biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, integration of igneous records with newly refined stratigraphy, and effects of global climatic environments on hydrocarbon source rocks in geological time. New discoveries of volcanic ash beds throughout much of the Triassic stratigraphic section required new tectonic interpretations involving a magmatic arc northwest of the basin that was likely involved in the opening of the Amerasia Basin. Modern approaches to biostratigraphy calibrated by radiometric age dating of volcanic ash beds made global correlations to chronostratigraphic frameworks and tectonic models possible. Correlation of the stratigraphy and recent geochronology of the High Arctic large igneous province (HALIP) places the main pulse of mafic magmatism in a postrift setting. Finally, the depositional setting of source rocks in the Sverdrup Basin is explained in terms of oceanographic factors that are related to the global environment. All of these advancements, including hints of undefined and relatively young structural events, lead to the conclusion that the hydrocarbon potential of the Sverdrup Basin has not been fully tested by historical exploration drilling.
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Russo, David, Daniel M. Tartakovsky, and Shlomo P. Neuman. Development of Predictive Tools for Contaminant Transport through Variably-Saturated Heterogeneous Composite Porous Formations. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592658.bard.

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The vadose (unsaturated) zone forms a major hydrologic link between the ground surface and underlying aquifers. To understand properly its role in protecting groundwater from near surface sources of contamination, one must be able to analyze quantitatively water flow and contaminant transport in variably saturated subsurface environments that are highly heterogeneous, often consisting of multiple geologic units and/or high and/or low permeability inclusions. The specific objectives of this research were: (i) to develop efficient and accurate tools for probabilistic delineation of dominant geologic features comprising the vadose zone; (ii) to develop a complementary set of data analysis tools for discerning the fractal properties of hydraulic and transport parameters of highly heterogeneous vadose zone; (iii) to develop and test the associated computational methods for probabilistic analysis of flow and transport in highly heterogeneous subsurface environments; and (iv) to apply the computational framework to design an “optimal” observation network for monitoring and forecasting the fate and migration of contaminant plumes originating from agricultural activities. During the course of the project, we modified the third objective to include additional computational method, based on the notion that the heterogeneous formation can be considered as a mixture of populations of differing spatial structures. Regarding uncertainly analysis, going beyond approaches based on mean and variance of system states, we succeeded to develop probability density function (PDF) solutions enabling one to evaluate probabilities of rare events, required for probabilistic risk assessment. In addition, we developed reduced complexity models for the probabilistic forecasting of infiltration rates in heterogeneous soils during surface runoff and/or flooding events Regarding flow and transport in variably saturated, spatially heterogeneous formations associated with fine- and coarse-textured embedded soils (FTES- and CTES-formations, respectively).We succeeded to develop first-order and numerical frameworks for flow and transport in three-dimensional (3-D), variably saturated, bimodal, heterogeneous formations, with single and dual porosity, respectively. Regarding the sampling problem defined as, how many sampling points are needed, and where to locate them spatially in the horizontal x₂x₃ plane of the field. Based on our computational framework, we succeeded to develop and demonstrate a methdology that might improve considerably our ability to describe quntitaively the response of complicated 3-D flow systems. The results of the project are of theoretical and practical importance; they provided a rigorous framework to modeling water flow and solute transport in a realistic, highly heterogeneous, composite flow system with uncertain properties under-specified by data. Specifically, they: (i) enhanced fundamental understanding of the basic mechanisms of field-scale flow and transport in near-surface geological formations under realistic flow scenarios, (ii) provided a means to assess the ability of existing flow and transport models to handle realistic flow conditions, and (iii) provided a means to assess quantitatively the threats posed to groundwater by contamination from agricultural sources.
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Morse, P. D., R. J. H. Parker, W. E. Sladen, S L Smith, and H. B. O'Neill. Remote permafrost terrain mapping, Grays Bay-Yellowknife corridor, Northwest Territories and Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330206.

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The new Grays Bay - Yellowknife corridor will provide transportation, energy, and telecommunications to northcentral Canada, and connect existing highway infrastructure to a deep-sea port on the Arctic Ocean. This infrastructure will improve access for exploration and development, and reduce operating costs in this mineral-rich region of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, one of the biggest impediments to development in this region. Relatively little information on permafrost and ground ice conditions is available for most of the corridor. To fill this information gap, the Geological Survey of Canada's GEM-GeoNorth program is compiling permafrost and surficial geology information, mapping periglacial terrain features, and modelling ground ice conditions along the corridor. This poster presents the periglacial feature mapping component. Periglacial features are landforms associated with cold environments and typically contain permafrost. Permafrost, and its related ground ice, affect terrain sensitivity to climate change and surface disturbance. With development of this periglacial terrain and accelerated climate warming in the north, communities, planners, and regulators require this information to make informed decisions on how and where to build and manage environmentally sustainable and climate change-resilient infrastructure, and determine best adaptation strategies.
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Rasmussen, P. E. Trace metals in the environment: a geological perspective. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207596.

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