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Готові списки джерел за темами / Genocide of the Tutsi

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Genocide of the Tutsi"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Genocide of the Tutsi":

1

Gasana, Oscar. "A typology of theoretical approaches to the study of Rwandan Tutsi genocide." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 8, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-12-2015-0204.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a typological framework of approaches to the study of the Rwandan Tutsi genocide, in a comparative perspective. Based on the assertion that no single theoretical approach can account for so complex and totalizing a phenomenon, the paper targets different aspects of causality, drawing from three key publications by contemporary genocide scholars: Vern N. Redekop, Christopher Taylor and Mahmood Mamdani. It argues for their significant complementary contribution to a better understanding of the last genocide of the twentieth century. By offering different analytical angles, as demonstrated from each perspective, the paper enriches the conceptualisation of genocides in general, and the Rwandan Tutsi genocide in particular. Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on the Rwandan Tutsi genocide. Drawing from three key contemporary authors, it identifies and analyses three theoretical approaches in a comparative perspective, namely, the human identity needs approach (Redekop, 2002), the politico-anthropological approach (Taylor, 2000) and the colonialist approach (Mamdani, 2002) which, if unified, would go a long way in providing a clearer picture and a better understanding of Rwandan Tutsi genocide. Of course this does not mean that the three approaches account for every aspect of the phenomenon under study. It is a work in progress, reflecting the complex nature of genocide and the concomitant need to approach its analysis from different angles and perspectives. The selected authors address different key areas of scientific enquiry from different perspectives that complement each other, leading to a better understanding of the reality under investigation. Findings The authors learn from these approaches the constructed nature of ethnicity, what Benedict Anderson (1983, p. 211) calls the “imagined communities”. The Rwandese community was imagined by the colonial power, codifying the distinctions on the basis of such ridiculous criteria as cattle ownership and physical measurements, and issuing identity cards accordingly. In the final analysis, the choice of the most appropriate approaches to the study of genocide is a function of multiple factors: cultural, historical, political, anthropological, psychological, ethnographical, each genocide case being contextually different. The combination of the three approaches above seems to go a long way in confronting the complexity of the Rwandan Tutsi genocide. Research limitations/implications As the authors have already mentioned, the theoretical approaches are not exhaustive. Yet, they have significant implications in terms of research processes. Practical implications Practically, these approaches lead to a deeper and broader understanding of genocide causality. Social implications By tackling research issues from multiple angles, the product captures more elements that enable the shift from the structures of violence towards the structures of blessing. Originality/value It is the first time that such a research tool is made available to researchers wishing to deepen the understanding of the Rwandan Tutsi genocide.

2

Brehm, Hollie Nyseth, Christopher Uggen, and Suzy McElrath. "A Dynamic Life-course Approach to Genocide." Social Currents 5, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496517748335.

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We argue in this article that the study of genocide would benefit from the application and use of theoretical tools that criminologists have long had at their disposal, specifically, conception and theorization surrounding the life course. Using the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi as a case study, we detail how the building blocks of life-course criminology can be effectively used in analyses of (1) risk factors for the onset of genocide, (2) trajectories and duration of genocidal violence, and (3) desistance from genocidal crime and transitions after genocide. We conclude by highlighting the conceptual gains for research on genocide and political conflict by briefly discussing the analytic implications for future genocide research.

3

Harris, Marie-Clare. "Doctors implicated in Tutsi genocide." Lancet 347, no. 9002 (March 1996): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91234-9.

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4

Messanga, Gustave Adolphe, and Marios Yannick Duclair Tajeugueu. "The role of Radio-Télévision Libre des Mille Collines in the Rwandan genocide : An analysis from the theoretical perspectives of intergroup threat and aggression." International Journal of Social Service and Research 3, no. 5 (May 13, 2023): 1116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i5.359.

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This research focuses on the role of Radio-Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM) in the Rwandan genocide. It analyzes the radio broadcasts through the prism of theories of intergroup threat and aggression. In this perspective, this medium is conceived as a manipulative and propagandist agent which participated in the perpetration of mass killings constituting the Rwandan genocide, through the dissemination of the ideology of hatred before and during the genocide and the logistical assistance provided to those involved in the killings. Indeed, RTLM broadcasts were structured in such a way as to present the Hutu as victims (intergroup threat), with the aim of justifying the use of violent actions against Tutsi (intergroup aggression). The corpus to be analyzed consists of extracts from RTLM broadcasts selected from transcripts stored at the Montreal Institute of Genocide and Human Rights Studies (MIGS) and at the International Monitor Institute (IMI). These extracts were analyzed with the method of discourse analysis. They reveal that RTLM’s discourse was based on the victimization and glorification of Hutus, as well as the devaluation and demonization of Tutsis. Concretely, the radio broadcasts were structured in such a way as to incite Hutu (past and present victims of injustice) to exterminate Tutsi (the enemies, the "cockroaches" (inyenzi)) and to eradicate them from Rwandan society. They were built around two main themes, including the threat, which includes elements like propaganda and hatred, homogenization, categorization and victimization ; and aggressiveness which includes the revolutionary vision of Rwanda, the deshumanization of Tutsi, their designation as enemies, the search for a just and homogeneous society.

5

Melvern, Linda. "Moral Equivalence." Journal of International Peacekeeping 22, no. 1-4 (April 8, 2020): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-0220104012.

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Since the very beginning of the Rwandan Genocide of the Tutsis in 1994, members of Hutu Power, the Akazu, and other interested allies of the former government of Rwanda have been conducting a campaign of genocide denial, one in which they blame the Tutsi dominated Rwandan Patriotic Army for carrying out murder of civilians during the civil war in 1994. In this article Linda Melvern examines the role that Hutu Power played in creating the myth of a counter-genocide and the unwitting legitimacy that was given to it by several UN agencies and their associated employees and consultants. Melvern notes that despite overwhelming evidence that demonstrates that there was no ‘counter genocide’, the lies and misinformation planted in the early post-genocide days persist, with some authors making new unsubstantiated claims about a slaughter of those Hutu who did not flee the country in July 1994.

6

Habimana, Paulin, Dr Joyzy Pius Egunjobi, and Dr Elizabeth Wangari Gichimu. "Genocide against the Tutsi Experiences among Priests in Rwanda." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 5 (May 17, 2024): 9649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0524.1362.

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7

Kagoyire, Marie Grâce, and Annemiek Richters. "“We are the memory representation of our parents”: Intergenerational legacies of genocide among descendants of rape survivors in Rwanda." Torture Journal 28, no. 3 (November 27, 2018): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v28i3.111183.

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Introduction: The 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda subjected thousands of women to rape as part of a range of other genocidal atrocities. This article explores what it means in everyday life to be a descendant of such mothers. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in eastern Rwanda. The twelve respondents, all descendants of genocide-rape survivor mothers, participated in focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. Topics focused on different aspects of the intergenerational transmission of trauma and the mitigation of this transmission by the psychosocial support from which their mothers benefited. The phenomenological method as developed by Giorgi (2012) was used to analyze the transcripts. Findings: All respondents, regardless of their birth circumstances, are marked by growing up with a severely traumatized mother. Children conceived during rape are specifically marked by the absence of a perpetrator father unknown to them, the others by the lack of many (extended) family members. They all benefited from the psychosocial support provided to their mothers. Discussion: Genocidal rape causes specific kinds of suffering and specific identity problems for the children born as a consequence of genocide-rape. However, even if the children were not conceived during the rape, their level of suffering is similar. Conclusion: The effects of the intergenerational transmission of trauma related to the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda should be recognized among all youth deeply affected by it. Appropriate policies and programs should be designed and implemented to moderate the effects and strengthen resilience to ensure a peaceful future on an individual, interpersonal, and inter-relational community levels.

8

Mwambari, David. "Music and the politics of the past: Kizito Mihigo and music in the commemoration of the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda." Memory Studies 13, no. 6 (February 6, 2019): 1321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018823233.

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After the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, the post-genocide government spearheaded the creation of genocide commemorations. Over the past two decades, political elites and survivors’ organizations have gone to great lengths to institutionalize the memorialization, including creating laws to protect the memory of the genocide from denialism. Ordinary Rwandans have responded to the annual commemorations using creative means of support for and disagreement with the government’s interpretation of their shared violent past. Music has been used as citizen-driven tool to both spread and criticize genocide memorialization nationally and beyond. While scholars have explored the politicization of state-organized mechanisms such as memorials, citizen-driven creative means remain largely unexplored. Addressing this gap in Rwandan memory scholarship, I examine how Kizito Mihigo, a famous post-genocide musician, used his individual memory of surviving the genocide against the Tutsi through music to contribute and respond to the annual commemorations of the genocide. I argue that Mihigo’s story and commemoration songs were politicized from the start but were intensified when he used his music to go beyond promoting genocide commemorations to questioning the events and when he pleaded guilty to terrorism charges.

9

Becker, Annette. "Dark tourism: The “heritagization” of sites of suffering, with an emphasis on memorials of the genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi of Rwanda." International Review of the Red Cross 101, no. 910 (April 2019): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638311900016x.

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AbstractNowadays, there exists an international movement towards the extensive recognition as cultural heritage, or “heritagization”, of areas where wars, genocides and massacres have taken place. The phenomenon of “seeing” mass death, called “dark tourism” or the “tourism of desolation”, has become both an aim and a destination for visitors. The article examines this heritagization, with an emphasis on the memorials of the genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi of Rwanda.

10

MacLeod, George. "Rendre audible la voix d’une rescapée tutsie : le rôle du paratexte dans Le Livre d’Élise." Varias, no. 39 (September 23, 2015): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033137ar.

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This article uses trauma theory to show the unique paratextual framing of Tutsi genocide survivor Élise Rida Musomandera’s memoir, Le Livre d’Élise (Les Belles Lettres, 2014). While dozens of survivor accounts from the Tutsi diaspora have been published in the last two decades, Musomandera’s is the first eye-witness memoir written by a Tutsi survivor still living in Rwanda. The vast majority of these testimonial memoirs contain introductions and postfaces which present the text for a Western reader. These paratexts have tended to privilege one of two discourses, comparing the Tutsi survivor’s story either to a moral lesson or to Holocaust testimonies. In contrast, the introduction to Le Livre d’Élise emphasizes the encounter between Musomandera’s authorial voice and the reader. The introduction’s European co-authors suggest that in reading Musomandera’s text, the reader joins a community of attentive interlocutors who are participating in the ongoing process of helping her find agency and social recognition following the devastating impact of genocide.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Genocide of the Tutsi":

1

Ubald, Rafiki. "The Role of the Bourgmestres during the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Hugo Valentin-centrum, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353268.

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In this thesis I use qualitative comparative methods to analyze The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) court transcripts related to bourgmestres who were in office at the time of the genocide against the Tutsi in 1994. I argue that a few bourgmestres resisted the genocide, others engaged in the genocide after a short-lived resistance, while a larger number totally engaged in the genocide. I propose that moral disengagement and dehumanization, altruistic dispositions, or deep-seated ethno-nationalist convictions help account for the different actions and attitudes of the bourgmestres in the genocide. Finally, I found that the Rwandan government implemented genocide regardless of the opposition, the direct and/or indirect involvement of the concerned bourgmestres. Key words: genocide, bourgmestre, Rwanda, ICTR, commune, actions, attitudes.

2

Fletcher, Narelle. "Translating the unspeakable: an analysis of the language used to speak of the 1994 Tutsi genocide in Rwanda." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25032.

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My thesis focuses on the language used to speak of the 1994 Tutsi genocide in the three official languages of Rwanda: Kinyarwanda, French and English. The genocide has had profound and ongoing social, political and judicial repercussions both within Rwanda and throughout the international community. Much of the primary data concerning the genocide has come from testimonies given by Rwandans speaking in their mother tongue, Kinyarwanda. This information is therefore only accessible to international scholars and to the broader community in translation. The difficulties inherent in finding words to convey experiences that could indeed be deemed “unspeakable”, coupled with the impact of instances of mistranslation or distortion associated with the translation process from one language to another are issues that have so far attracted only limited attention in the critical studies published on the genocide. The first half of my thesis explores the core terminology and rhetorical strategies used by Rwandans and members of the international community to evoke the notion of genocide targeting the Tutsi ethnic group before, during and after the events of 1994. The second half of the thesis focuses on translating and interpreting issues encountered in the proceedings of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Within this legal framework, the testimonies of the accused, their target victims and witnesses constitute a valuable corpus of documentation for analysing the terminology and narrative strategies used to speak of the genocide. At the same time, the official translations of these testimonies undertaken by the ICTR provide a valuable insight into the way the external perceptions of the genocide can be influenced by the linguistic choices of translators and interpreters.

3

Mohamed, Abdul Latif. "Genocide in Rwanda : the interplay of human capital, scarce resources and social cohesion." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FMohamed.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Security Studies)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Robert McNab, Robert E. Looney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-111). Also available online.

4

Švehlová, Eva. "Vývoj ve Rwandě po genocidě v roce 1994." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85139.

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This diploma thesis deals with the post-conflict development in Rwanda and its main aim is to evaluate the tools adopted after the genocide in 1994 for the purpose of preventing recurrence of any similar conflict in the future. The thesis mostly concentrates on the process of justice (on the international, national and local level) and on the process of reconciliation of the polarized society in Rwanda as two key components of the post-conflict reconstruction. On the basis of the results derived from the detailed analysis of the tools from security, social, economic and political area, the thesis answers the asked question if the future conflict in Rwanda is nowadays hardly probable (thanks to effective and successful activity of the adopted measures) or if there is, on the contrary, some ethnic tension in Rwanda which could become the reason for repeating of any wave of violence in short- or medium-term.

5

Burešová, Jana. "Příčiny genocidy ve Rwandě: Psychologické aspekty." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191982.

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Ethnic discrimination has deep roots in Rwanda. For many dozens of years, Tutsis have been marked down as those whose task it is to rule the country and Hutus have been treated as those who have to submit to it. As time moved on, Hutu hatred had been growing steadily and resulted in coup d'état in 1959 and consequent persecutions of Tutsis. However, hidden grudge lingered on. The pretext for its revival was the RPF incursion into the country at the beginning of nineties. The invasion also became one of the major preconditions of the fastest genocide in history. This thesis aims to pinpoint actors with direct and also indirect influence, to specify their motives, to assess implications of their decisions and on the grounds of this all to divide them into groups of perpetrators, bystanders and rescuers. The identification of psychological aspects of Hutu perpetrators was made with intent to analyse the process of Us-Them thinking with its typical features and consequences and the process of dehumanization with particular emphasis on its linguistic forms. In connection with that, this thesis points out crucial importance of Rwandan media of hate which determined anti-Tutsi propaganda to a considerable extent.

6

Mulinda, Charles Kabwete. "A space for genocide: local authorities, local population and local histories in Gishamvu and Kibayi (Rwanda)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3491_1363784144.

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7

Blizzard, Sarah Marie. "Women's roles in the 1994 Rwanda genocide and the empowerment of women in the aftermath." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07062006-212615/.

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8

Korman, Remy. "Commémorer sur les ruines. L'État rwandais face à la mort de masse dans l'après-coup du génocide (1994-2003)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0135.

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Cette thèse porte sur la politique de mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda pendant la période de transition (1994-2003). Son objectif est de comprendre comment les nouvelles autorités rwandaises ont mis en récit le génocide des Tutsi à l’échelle nationale en lien avec des acteurs politiques, institutionnels, religieux mais aussi associatifs. De multiples volontés de mémoire ont émergé dans un contexte de guerre civile non terminée et d’absence de processus judiciaire. La recherche mobilise principalement des archives rwandaises publiques (ministérielles, parlementaires, politiques), des archives privées, de la presse rwandaise et internationale ainsi que des entretiens menés avec vingt-cinq acteurs de mémoire (hommes politiques, fonctionnaires, universitaires, intellectuels, responsables d’associations de rescapés). Archives et entretiens ont permis d’interroger les conditions politiques et matérielles dans lesquelles fut instituée cette « première mémoire du génocide » par l’État rwandais avec une attention spécifique aux processus d’enquête et d’écriture de l’histoire au Rwanda ainsi qu’aux débats sur la patrimonialisation des sites de massacres. L’histoire de la politique de mémoire est enfin mise en perspective sur le temps long au travers d’une étude des politiques du passé menées au Rwanda depuis l’indépendance en 1962 ainsi que sur le temps court, avec l’examen des enjeux commémoratifs depuis 2003
This dissertation focuses on the politics of memory of the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda during the transition period (1994-2003). Its objective is to understand how the new Rwandan authorities have narrated the Tutsi genocide on a national scale in collaboration with political, institutional, religious and NGOs. These multiple memory initiatives emerged in a context of an unfinished civil war and the absence of a judicial process. The research is mainly based on public Rwandan archives (ministerial, parliamentary, political), private archives, the Rwandan and international press, as well as interviews conducted with twenty-five “memory entrepreneurs” (politicians, civil servants, academics, intellectuals, leaders of survivors' organisations). Archives and interviews have made it possible to carefully examine the political and material conditions in which this "first memory of the genocide" was instituted by the Rwandan state, with a specific focus on the processes of investigation and writing of history in Rwanda as well as the debates on the heritagization of the massacre sites. The history of the politics of memory is finally put into perspective over the long term through a study of memory policies carried out in Rwanda since independence in 1962 as well as over the short term, with a study of the evolution of the politics of genocide memory since 2003

9

Réra, Nathan. "Rwanda, de l'archive à la représentation : La photographie et le cinéma à l'épreuve du génocide des Tutsi (1994-2012)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3081.

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Au Rwanda, d'avril à juillet 1994, les photographes et les cameramen des agences d'information internationales eurent de grandes difficultés à documenter le génocide des Tutsi, recouvert par la guerre civile entre les Forces armées rwandaises et le Front patriotique rwandais et par l'exil massif des civils Hutu dans les camps de réfugiés des pays voisins. Les reporters rencontrèrent de nombreux obstacles pour prendre, envoyer et diffuser leurs images en Occident : avaries techniques, censure militaire et politique, relative indifférence des rédactions, etc. Après l'événement, quelques photojournalistes et cameramen décidèrent de rompre avec le système des mass-médias. Ils ont ainsi entamé une déconstruction de leurs images par la représentation artistique, plus apte à incarner le génocide et à rendre au spectateur l'autonomie de son regard. En parallèle, d'autres artistes ont entrepris d'élaborer la mémoire du génocide des Tutsi, recueillant les visages et les témoignages des rescapés et des génocidaires, filmant ou photographiant les sites de l'extermination devenus mémoriaux. En l'espace de dix-huit années, la somme des représentations du génocide des Tutsi est donc conséquente. S'inscrivant dans une histoire visuelle dont la Shoah constitue le paradigme, ces œuvres entendent poser les jalons d'une réflexion historique, politique et esthétique sur l'extermination des Tutsi et ses conséquences dans la société rwandaise post-génocide
In Rwanda, from April to July 1994, photographers and cameramen from international news agencies had big difficulties to document the genocide of the Tutsi, blurred by the civil war between the Armed Forces of Rwanda and the Rwandan Patriotic Front, and by the exile of the Hutu civilians in the refugee camps of the neighboring countries. Reporters found many impediments on their road, to take, to send and to spread their images in the Western world : technical damages, military and political censoring, lack of interest from editors, etc. Soon after the event, some photojournalists and cameramen decided to break with the mass-media system. They began to deconstruct their images by artistic representation, more suited to incarnate the genocide and to help the viewer recover the primacy of his look. Concurrently, other artists undertook to elaborate the memory of the genocide, collecting faces and testimonies of survivors and perpetrators, filming or photographing the places of the killings that became memorials. Within 18 years, the amount of artistic representations of the Tutsi genocide is important. Placed in a visual history which paradigm is the destruction of the Jews, these works show the way of a historical, political and aesthetical reflection on the extermination of the Tutsi and its consequences in the Rwandan society after the genocide

10

Brinker, Virginie. "Le génocide des tutsi au Rwanda dans les productions littéraires et cinématogaphiques : construction, transmission et médiatisation de la mémoire face aux enjeux contemporains de la représentation de l’événement." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040105.

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Анотація:

Des auteurs africains subsahariens francophones de l’opération « Rwanda : écrire par devoir de mémoire », au réalisateur haïtien Raoul Peck, en passant par nombre d’auteurs belges ou québécois, le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda est devenu, en une quinzaine d’années, un véritable objet de création littéraire et cinématographique, et le centre d’œuvres qui construisent, perpétuent mais aussi questionnent sans fin sa mémoire. En effet, souvent considéré comme le premier génocide « télévisé », une mémoire médiatique du génocide de 1994 préexiste à ce travail de l’écriture et a contribué à « informer » les cadres collectifs de sa représentation, une représentation souvent tronquée et partielle. Il s’agit donc de questionner, d’un point de vue éthique et esthétique, les rapports à la construction et à la transmission de la mémoire que peuvent entretenir la littérature et les images médiatiques. Il s’agit surtout de produire une théorie littéraire de la transmission résolument contemporaine, de mettre à jour une poétique de la transmission propre à la littérature et à ses enjeux dans notre monde de l’image, en prenant le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda comme champ d’analyse emblématique. Cette théorie met à jour deux concepts majeurs : la médiation et la passation de la mémoire dans leurs enjeux éthiques, esthétiques et proprement stylistiques. C’est ainsi en se faisant agent de la traversée de l’espace, du temps, des frontières entre auteur et lecteur, autrui et moi, visible et invisible, conscience et inconscient, c’est-à-dire passeur, que le médiateur-scripteur parachève l’entreprise de transmission et redonne à la littérature sa place de choix dans la société contemporaine
For at least the last fifteen years, the Tutsi genocide which happened in Rwanda triggered a wide array of literary and cinematographic works, ranging from the francophone African Sub-Saharan writers who took part in the initiative “Rwanda: writing out of the duty of remembrance” to the Haitian director Raoul Peck and numerous authors from Belgium and Quebec. All these works construct, transmit and also endlessly challenge the memory of the genocide. Indeed, the genocide in Rwanda being often considered as the first “TV live” genocide, the media-staged memory of the 1994 events comes before the literary work and has greatly impacted the collective framing of its – often biased and partial – depiction. Subsequently it matters to question, from an ethical and aesthetical point of view, the dynamics of memory construction and transmission which are at stake between literature and images from the media. More importantly, it matters to define a contemporary literary theory of transmission that particularly addresses the poetics of literary transmission at the age of the media ineluctability: the case of the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda will help articulate this theory. The latter relies on two major concepts: the mediation and the passation of memory from ethical, aesthetic and stylistic perspectives. By building a bridge crossing space and time, beyond the frontier between authorship and readership, the other and I, the visible and the invisible, consciousness and unconsciousness, by becoming a passeur, the mediator and scriptwriter brings his contribution to the project of transmission and associates literature with a mission of its own in the throes of current issues

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Книги з теми "Genocide of the Tutsi":

1

Habonimana, Charles. Moi, le dernier Tutsi. Paris: Plon, 2019.

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2

Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace. Rwandan Tutsi genocide: Causes, implementation and memory. Kigali: Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace, 2006.

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3

Celis, Dominique. Gêneurs de survivants!: La question du génocide des Tutsi. Bruxelles: Espaces de libertés, 2012.

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4

Semujanga, Josias. Origins of Rwandan genocide. Amherst, N.Y: Humanity Books, 2003.

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5

Organization of African Unity. International Panel of Eminent Personalities to Investigate the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda and the Surrounding Events. Rwanda: The preventable genocide. [Addis Ababa]: IPEP, 2000.

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6

Rurangwa, Révérien. Genocide: My stolen Rwanda. London: Reportage Press, 2009.

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7

(Organisation), African Rights, ed. Resisting genocide: Bisesero, April-June 1994. London: African Rights, 1998.

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8

Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace. The fight against genocide denial. [Gasabo, Rwanda]: Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace, 2008.

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9

de Beer, Anna-Marie. Sharing the Burden of Stories from the Tutsi Genocide. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42093-2.

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10

Christina, Fisanick, ed. The Rwanda genocide. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004.

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Частини книг з теми "Genocide of the Tutsi":

1

Moghalu, Kingsley Chiedu. "The “Final Solution” to the “Tutsi Problem”." In Rwanda's Genocide, 9–24. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403978387_2.

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2

Jessee, Erin. "An Official History: Commemorating “the 1994 Genocide of the Tutsi”." In Negotiating Genocide in Rwanda, 45–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45195-4_2.

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3

Jessee, Erin. "Considering Silences: Hutu Survivors? Tutsi Génocidaires? And What of the Twa?" In Negotiating Genocide in Rwanda, 215–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45195-4_7.

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4

Yonekawa, Masako. "Process of “Armed Repatriation” of Old-Caseload Tutsi Refugees (1959–1994)." In Post-Genocide Rwandan Refugees, 19–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6756-3_2.

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5

Mutanguha, Freddy, and Paul Rukesha. "Religion and the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda." In The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide, 136–47. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429317026-17.

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6

de Beer, Anna-Marie. "Introduction: Leaning on the Shoulder of Another." In Sharing the Burden of Stories from the Tutsi Genocide, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42093-2_1.

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7

de Beer, Anna-Marie. "Trauma and Storytelling in Africa." In Sharing the Burden of Stories from the Tutsi Genocide, 11–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42093-2_2.

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8

de Beer, Anna-Marie. "Journeys and Fables: Koulsy Lamko and Véronique Tadjo." In Sharing the Burden of Stories from the Tutsi Genocide, 45–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42093-2_3.

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9

de Beer, Anna-Marie. "Harvests and Bones: Abdourahman A. Waberi and Boubacar Boris Diop." In Sharing the Burden of Stories from the Tutsi Genocide, 103–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42093-2_4.

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10

de Beer, Anna-Marie. "Living in Shadows: Monique Ilboudo and Tierno Monénembo." In Sharing the Burden of Stories from the Tutsi Genocide, 159–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42093-2_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Genocide of the Tutsi":

1

ابراهيم عزيز حسين, لمى. "Genocide in Halabja." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/8.

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"Halabja: It is an Iraqi city located in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, near the Iranian border, about 8-10 miles away, 150 miles away from Baghdad and located in the southeast of the city of Sulaymaniyah. It is one of the important cities that contains many mosques, shrines and shrines. In 1985, this city was subjected to the former regime's aerial bombardment, where more than 450 Kurdish villages were bombed, 300 citizens executed within one month, and internationally prohibited chemical weapons were used. The Iraqi regime’s violations of human rights continued to reach their climax in 1988, which was known as the Halabja events, which will be the subject of our research, the Halabja massacre, which took place at the end of the first Gulf War or what is known as the Iran-Iraq war from 16-17 March 1988, the killing of Kurdish civilians and the use of chemical weapons against them and the effects of a war The first Gulf and the breach of the international treaty through the use of chemical weapons that are banned internationally, as well as international reports on human rights violations in Halabja, which left about 5,000 martyrs, most of whom are residents of the region, and we will also clarify who is responsible for the events of Halabja, and the truth can be highlighted through documents and evidence The editorial in the Halabja case, where these documents included information about chemical weapons in handwriting and not in a printer to evade responsibility. The document talks about the production and accumulation of chemical agents by the former regime and the intention of the former regime to strike them when necessary, in addition to other documents that we will address through the research, There is also an appendix with the names of a number of companies involved in supplying the government at that time with unconventional weapons, including missile weapons and other weapons Chemical materials and advanced technology, and this is very clear in the violation of human rights by extremely barbaric repressive methods and means, and northern Iraq has become the scene of these crimes that have been circulated between international press agencies and television screens, articles, photos and documentaries expressing the horror of the calamity and the magnitude of the tragedy. Well-known international documents and documents and what Halabja has been exposed to are classified within the concept of genocide wars. This type of war is not attended by all international laws and segments only, but also the simplest rules of behavior and human and civilized interaction between people belonging to the human race. We will also show the issue of Halabja in the corridors of the Iraqi Parliament, which was during the session on 7/3/2011 of the second electoral cycle, the first legislative year, the second legislative term in the Iraqi Council of Representatives, held in Baghdad, by submitting a proposal to the Council of Representatives regarding the position of the House of Representatives regarding the crime of bombing Halabja with chemical weapons. In conclusion, I hope you will like this summary."

2

محمد كاظم حسين, شيرين. ""Genocide Sociological study "." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/4.

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"Abstract The research deals with some of the social factors causing the genocide to which they have exposed humanity According to a sociological perspective; the research deals mainly with the problem of the culture of collective violence, intolerance towards the other, and the collective spirit of the perpetrators of the crime of genocide. It also deals with the elements of social peace, as they are essential tools in building peace and curbing the idea of genocide in a society. The research comprised three axes, the first on the study concepts and terminology, the second on sociology and genocide, the third on social factors and their role in committing genocide, and the fourth on the elements of social peace to limit genocide. "

3

Schirmer, Miriam, Isaac Misael Olguín Nolasco, Edoardo Mosca, Shanshan Xu, and Jürgen Pfeffer. "Uncovering Trauma in Genocide Tribunals." In ICAIL 2023: Nineteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3594536.3595147.

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4

M. Ali Jabara, Kawthar. "The forced displacement of Jews in Iraq and the manifestations of return In the movie "Venice of the East"." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/1.

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The character of the Jew was absent from Iraqi cinematic works, while it was present in many Arab cinematic works produced in other Arab countries, and the manner of presenting these characters and the goals behind choosing that method differed. While this character was absent from the Iraqi cinematic narration, it was present in the Iraqi novelist narration, especially after the year 2003. Its presence in the Iraqi narration was diverse, due to the specificity of the Iraqi Jewish character and its attachment to the idea of being an Iraqi citizen, and the exclusion and forced displacement that Jews were subjected to in the modern history of Iraq. This absence in the cinematic texts is a continuation of this enforced absence. The Jewish character was never present in the Iraqi cinematic narration, as far as we know, except in one short fictional movie, which is the subject of this research. The research dealt with the movie “Venice of the East 2018” by screenwriter Mustafa Sattar Al-Rikabi and director Bahaa Al-Kazemi. We chose this movie for several reasons, some technical and some non-technical. One of the non-technical reasons is that feature cinematic texts rarely dealt with Jewish characters. The movie is the only Iraqi feature movie, according to our knowledge, produced after 2003, dealt with these characters, and assumed that one of them would return to Iraq. Therefore, our choice was while we were thinking of a research sample dealing with the personality of the Iraqi Jew and what is related to him and how it was expressed graphically. As for the technical reasons, it is due to the quality of the cinematic language level that the director employed to express what he wants in this movie, whose only hero is the character of the unnamed Jewish man played by the Iraqi actor (Sami Kaftan). As well as, many of the signs contained in the visual text that provide indications that may be conscious or unconscious of the situation of this segment of Iraqis, and this will become clear in the course of the research. 4 The research is divided into a number of subjects, including historical theory and applied cinema. The historical subjects included a set of points, namely (the Jews who they are and where they live) and (their presence in Iraq). The research then passed on the existence of (the Jewish character in the Iraqi narrative narrative), and how the Iraqi novelist dealt with the Jew in his novels after 2003, and does the Iraqi narration distinguish between the Jew and the Israeli or the Zionist. The applied part of the research followed, and included a (critical view of the movie) and then passed on the cinematic narration of events in the last subject (the narration of the cinematography). We studied the cinematic narration from three perspectives (cinematic shots, camera movement, camera angle and point of view), the research concluded with a set of results from criticism and analysis. It is worth mentioning that this research is an integral part of a previous unpublished study entitled (Ethnographic movie as artistic memory), which is an ethnographic study of the personality of the Jew in the Iraqi short movie.

5

أبو الحسن اسماعيل, علاء. "Assessing the Political Ideology in the Excerpts Cited from the Speeches and Resolutions of the Former Regime After the Acts of Genocide." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/2.

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If killing a single person is considered as a major crime that forbidden by Sharia and law at the international level and at the level of all religions and divine legislation, so what about the concept of genocide!! Here, not just an individual with a weak influence on society is killed, but thousands of individuals, that means an entire nation, a future, energy and human and intellectual capabilities that can tip the scales, and on the other hand, broken and half-dead hearts are left behind from the horrific scenes of killing they witnessed before their eyes, moreover, the massacres of genocide continues to excrete its remnants and consequences for long years and for successive generations, and it may generate grudges of revenge among generations that did not receive the adequate awareness and psychological support which are necessary to rehabilitate these generations to benefit from the tragedies and bitter experiences of life to turn them into lessons and incentives to achieve progress and advancement. Genocide is a deadly poison whose toxic effect extends from generations to others unless it is wisely controlled. Here the role of the international community and its legal, legislative and humanitarian stance from these crimes is so important and supportive. Genocide can be occurred on two levels: external and internal. As for genocide on the external level: this is what happened at the hands of foreign powers against a certain people for colonial and expansionist goals in favor of the occupier or usurper. There are many examples throughout history, such as the Ottoman and British occupations...etc Whereas genocide at the internal level, can be defined as the repressive actions that governments practice against their own people for goals that could be extremist, racist or dictatorial, such as t ""Al-Anfal"" massacre in 1988 carried out by the previous regime against the Kurds in the Kurdistan region. The number of victims amounted at one hundred thousand martyrs, most of them were innocent and unarmed people from children, women and the elderly, and also the genocide which was practiced against of the organizers of Al-Shaibania Revolution in 1991 was another example of genocide in the internal level. It is possible to deduce a third level between the external and internal levels, which is the genocide that is done at the hands of internal elements from the people of the country, but in implementation of external agendas, for example, the scenes of organized and systematic sectarian killing that we witnessed daily during (2007) and (2008), followed by dozens of bloody explosions in various regions throughout the capital, which unfortunately was practiced by the people of the country who were misguided elements in order to destabilize the security of the country and we did not know until this moment in favor of which external party!! In the three aforementioned cases, nothing can justify the act of killing or genocide, but in my personal opinion, I see that genocide at the hands of foreign forces is less drastic effects than the genocides that done at the hands of internal forces that kill their own people to impose their control and to defense their survival, from the perspective of ""the survival for the strongest, the most criminal and the most dictatorial. The matter which actually dragged the country into the abyss and the ages of darkness and ignorance. As for the foreign occupier, he remains an occupier, and it is so natural for him to be resentful and spiteful and to keep moving with the bragging theory of that (the end justifies the means) and usurping lands illegally, but perhaps recently the occupier has begun to exploit loopholes in international laws and try to gain the support of the international community and international organizations to prove the legitimacy of what has no legitimacy, in the end to achieve goals which pour into the interest of the occupiers' country and from the principle of building the happiness and well-being of the occupiers' people at the expense of the misery and injustice of other peoples!! This remains absolutely dehumanizing societal crime, but at least it has a positive side, which is maximizing economic resources and thus achieving the welfare of a people at the expense of seizing the wealth of the occupied country. This remains the goal of the occupier since the beginning of creation to this day, but today the occupation associated with the horrific and systematic killing has begun to take a new template by framing the ugliness of the crime with humanitarian goals and the worst, to exploit religion to cover their criminal acts. A good example of this is the genocide that took place at the hands of the terrorist organization ISIS, that contradictory organization who adopted the religion which forbids killing and considers it as one of the greatest sins as a means to practice the most heinous types of killing that contemporary history has witnessed!! The ""Spiker"" and ""Sinjar"" massacres in 2014 are the best evidence of this duality in the ideology of this terrorist organization. We may note that the more we advance in time, the more justification for the crimes of murder and genocide increases. For example, we all know the first crimes of genocide represented by the fall of Baghdad at the hands of the Mongol leader ""Hulagu"" in 1258. At that time, the crimes of genocide did not need justification, as they were practiced openly and insolently for subversive, barbaric and criminal goals!! The question here imposes itself: why were the crimes of genocide in the past practiced openly and publicly without need to justify the ugliness of the act? And over time, the crimes of genocide began to be framed by pretexts to legitimize what is prohibited, and to permit what is forbidden!! Or to clothe brutality and barbarism in the patchwork quilt of humanity?? And with this question, crossed my mind the following ""Aya"" from the Glorious Quran (and do not kill the soul that God has forbidden except in the right) , this an explicit ""Aya"" that prohibits killing and permits it only in the right, through the use of the exception tool (except) that permits what coming after it . But the"" right"" that God describes in the glorious Quran has been translated by the human tongues into many forms and faces of falsehood!! Anyway, expect the answer of this controversial question within the results of this study. This study will discuss the axis of (ideologies of various types and genocide), as we will analyze excerpts from the speeches of the former regime that were announced on the local media after each act of genocide or purification, as the former regime described at that time, but the difference in this study is that the analysis will be according to a scientific and thoughtful approach which is far from the personal ideology of the researcher. The analysis will be based on a model proposed by the contemporary Dutch scientist ""Teun A. Van Dijk"". Born in 1943, ""Van Dijk"" is a distinguished scholar and teaching in major international universities. He has authored many approved books as curricula for teaching in the field of linguistics and political discourse analysis. In this study, Van Dijk's Model will be adopted to analyze political discourse ideologies according to forty-one criteria. The analysis process will be conducted in full transparency and credibility in accordance with these criteria without imposing the researcher's personal views. This study aims to shed light on the way of thinking that the dictatorial regimes adopt to impose their existence by force against the will of the people, which can be used to develop peoples' awareness to understand and analyze political statements in a scientific way away from the inherited ideologies imposed by customs, clan traditions, religion, doctrine and nationalism. With accurate scientific diagnosis, we put our hand on the wounds. So we can cure them and also remove the scars of these wounds. This is what we seek in this study, diagnosis and therefore suggesting the suitable treatment "

6

"اثر العوامل السياسية والقانونية في التعايش السلمي وبناء السلام: انموذج العراق". У Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/22.

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7

Abud Mahdi, Huzaifa. "التسامح يف المنظور اإلسالمي وسبل تعزيزه يف المجتمع". У Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/39.

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8

سلمان عيسى, صديق, and وليد محمد عمر. "Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/31.

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"ABSTRACT Anfal Campaign and Kurdish Genocide The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period, the word Anfal has come to represent the entire genocide over decades Hundreds of thousands of men, women and children were executed during a systematic attempt to exterminate the Kurdish population in Iraq in the Anfal operations in the late 198s. Their towns and villages were attacked by chemical weapons, and many women and children were sent to camps where they lived in appalling conditions. Men and boys of 'battle age' were targeted and executed en masse. The campaign takes its name from Suratal-Anfal in the Qur'an. Al Anfal literally means the spoils (of war) and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by Ali Hassan al-Majid. The Ba'athists misused what the Qur'an says. Anfal in the Qur'an does not refer to genocide, but the word was used as a code name by the former Iraqi regime for the systematic attacks against the Kurdish population.. "

9

AbdalKhabir Ali, Ali, and Hajar Salah Auda. "The effect of marsh draining on biodiversity." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/64.

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"The marsh represents a rare natural environment of its kind for a number of reasons. First, the marshes were the cradle of the Sumerian civilization and an environment that embraces a unique biodiversity. Its geography and vast area, which is equivalent to the size of a country like Lebanon, made it a resting place and provided food and reproduction for migratory birds. It is worthy of being included in the World Heritage List as one of the treasures of the world that must be preserved, but unfortunately, the Iraqi marshes have not been subjected throughout history to extensive and systematic drying operations, which reached 95% of their total area, as they were exposed to during the era of the previous dictatorial regime in the nineties of last century, which led to the emergence of a number of environmental problems that collectively led to the disruption of natural ecological balance through the loss of the ability to achieve the environmental balance and causing biological diversity damage . This is as a result of the lack of incoming water resources and the high percentage of salinity and pollution, which caused the death of huge numbers of wildlife and aquatic life, as well as the extinction of large numbers of them, causing a mass migration of the population of those areas to other areas that provide them with a minimum standard of decent living after they lost their main sources of livelihood represented by fishing and raising animals. The paper aims to present a study on the impact of the widespread and systematic drying stages that began after the Iran-Iraq war in the eighties of last century and culminated in the nineties, bringing the percentage of the remaining water from the marshes to 5% in 2002, and the extent of its impact on the destruction of the environment and biodiversity, which includes humans and animals, as well as migratory birds from Siberia to the Indian subcontinent, which lost their habitats and places for laying eggs and breeding. It will also present a number of solutions that will help reduce the environmental degradation that the marshes have been exposed to."

10

فياض يوسف, فراس. ""Motivation of the imperatives of Islamic law in preventing genocide "." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/23.

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" When extrapolating the legal texts in all jurisprudential chapters, we find that they center around the five holistic objectives (preserving: religion, self, honor, mind, and money), and for the sake of which God Almighty legislated His provisions. Meditating on every chapter mentioned in it, we find the axis of preserving the human soul prominent, regardless of religion and race, and the slightest observer of it cannot ignore it, rather we find that it has permeated all rights: physical and psychological, taking into account personal freedom in all of that. Hence, through this research, I wanted to shed light on an important part and a major element in this field, which is the motivation () of these necessities in preserving the human soul; Because as it is known that most of the legal rulings, if not all of them are motives, not rulings. Therefore, we find her address to those responsible between encouragement and intimidation, and the first is more frequent in Sharia, and we found Imam Abu Ismail Al-Harawi (481 AH) pointed to the role of defect in the explanation of rulings that leads to the weakening of the value of the legal ruling, with the consequence of the disappearance of motivation, where he says, may God have mercy on him: (Exalting commands and prohibitions: is that they do not contradict with dry concessions, do not expose themselves to excessive stress, and do not lead to a reason for weakening submission) Manazel Al-Saereen, (p. 81). Understanding and observing them is more important than even the necessities themselves; Because what is the benefit of knowing it and demonstrating it from the Book and the Sunnah of the Prophet without knowing its work, how that work and its effect, and how to employ that influence, and this is what I will explain in these pages from the motive of the necessities to prevent the occurrence of genocide. "

Звіти організацій з теми "Genocide of the Tutsi":

1

Moran, Roger J. Confronting Genocide in Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442597.

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2

Keogh, Susan. Is It Genocide? The Military Implications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442834.

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3

Chandler, Paige L. The Great White Father and Genocide. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403997.

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4

Hooker, Jr, and Richard D. U.S. Policy Choices During the Rwandan Genocide. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442115.

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5

Radonić, Ljiljana. Genocide Remembrance Cultures in a European Comparison. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x003dfcbd.

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Much has been written about Holocaust museums and memorials. Ljiljana Radonić focuses in this text[1] to the way the Shoah is exhibited in national museums (especially in Central and Eastern Europe) yet devoted to other tragic events. But why? It is not so much a matter of repairing an omission as of evoking Jewish suffering as a model. In many cases, the message to be understood: “Our” victims suffered “like the Jews”.

6

El Halabi, Elias. Youth-led Preservation of Syriac Orthodox Heritage in Syria. Institute of Development Studies, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.048.

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This report explores the Sayfo genocide, also known as the Asyrian genocide, and a youth-led project that brought together the Syriac Orthodox community in Syria to remember and memorialise those who were killed in the genocide. Produced as part of the IDS-led and British Academy funded research project Heritage Repertoires for Inclusive and Sustainable Development in Egypt, Syria, and Beyond.

7

Tribble, Stephen A. War Termination, Identity Conflict, and Genocide: A Road Map. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada606821.

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8

Volino, Anthony L. Leveraging the Trinity: A Clausewitzian Framework for Genocide Prevention. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612151.

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9

Velychko, Zoriana, and Roman Sotnyk. LINGUISTIC PRESENTATION AND TERMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE HOLODOMOR OF THE 1920s AND 1930s. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12166.

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The article reveals and analyses a wide range of terms for the Holodomor of the 1920s and 1930s in Ukraine. The main objectives of the study are to find out the peculiarities of the linguistic presentation of the Holodomor phenomenon in scientific, popular science, and journalistic discourses, and to reveal semantic differences in the use of various terms for the Holodomor used in different languages. The main methodological bases of the study are linguistic analysis, socio-cultural method, qualitative content analysis, comparative method, etc. The method of retrospection must be used to substantiate the hypothesis. Thus, the reasons for the formation of the semantic contours of the terms “Holodomor”, “Famine”, “Great Famine”, “Terror by Famine”, “Big Hunger”, etc. were clarified. At the same time, the semantic nuances of word use are identified. As a conclusion, the authors substantiate the fundamental importance of using the term “Holodomor-genocide” in scientific circulation as the one that most accurately represents the essence of the historical phenomenon of the Holodomor. Based on the analysis of the documents, the content of the term “genocide” is formulated. It is explained that the Holodomor is genocide of the Ukrainian people, just as the Holocaust is genocide of the Jewish people. The authors prove the anti-Ukrainian orientation of the consistent and deliberate policy of Stalin and his followers against the Ukrainian nation, which culminated in the murder by starvation. These research findings are significant not only for the development of Ukrainian terminology or international terminology. They are also of great importance for modern politics, political science and historiography, and jurisprudence, especially in the context of a new genocide – the Russian Federation’s full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine. Keywords: Holodomor; genocide; Ukraine; Stalin’s terror; terminology.

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Alburez-Gutierrez, Diego. The demographic drivers of grief and memory after genocide in Guatemala. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2021-003.

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