Готові списки джерел за темами / Genetic fingerprints

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Genetic fingerprints"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 грудня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Genetic fingerprints"

Secundo, Lavi, Kobi Snitz, Kineret Weissler, Liron Pinchover, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Ron Loewenthal, Nancy Agmon-Levin, et al. "Individual olfactory perception reveals meaningful nonolfactory genetic information." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 28 (June 22, 2015): 8750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424826112.

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Each person expresses a potentially unique subset of ∼400 different olfactory receptor subtypes. Given that the receptors we express partially determine the odors we smell, it follows that each person may have a unique nose; to capture this, we devised a sensitive test of olfactory perception we termed the “olfactory fingerprint.” Olfactory fingerprints relied on matrices of perceived odorant similarity derived from descriptors applied to the odorants. We initially fingerprinted 89 individuals using 28 odors and 54 descriptors. We found that each person had a unique olfactory fingerprint (P < 10−10), which was odor specific but descriptor independent. We could identify individuals from this pool using randomly selected sets of 7 odors and 11 descriptors alone. Extrapolating from this data, we determined that using 34 odors and 35 descriptors we could individually identify each of the 7 billion people on earth. Olfactory perception, however, fluctuates over time, calling into question our proposed perceptual readout of presumably stable genetic makeup. To test whether fingerprints remain informative despite this temporal fluctuation, building on the linkage between olfactory receptors and HLA, we hypothesized that olfactory perception may relate to HLA. We obtained olfactory fingerprints and HLA typing for 130 individuals, and found that olfactory fingerprint matching using only four odorants was significantly related to HLA matching (P < 10−4), such that olfactory fingerprints can save 32% of HLA tests in a population screen (P < 10−6). In conclusion, a precise measure of olfactory perception reveals meaningful nonolfactory genetic information.

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Geethalakshmi C and Shipra Rohatgi. "Forensic Examination of Fingerprint Patterns among Different Generations in South Indian Families." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 18, no. 2 (April 27, 2024): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/nant0x80.

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Fingerprint patterns are unique and reliable for identification. This research paper focuses on a comparative analysis to determine the inheritance of fingerprint patterns within Indian families. The sample collection process for this comparative analysis involved working with 10 families. The study aims to gain insights into the hereditary aspects of fingerprint characteristics among the Indian population. The research methodology involves the collection of fingerprints and the analysis of patterns using microscopes, magnifying lenses, and software. The results reveal both class and individual characteristics within fingerprints, contributing to our understanding of dermatoglyphics. The average class characteristics percentage totals around 71.5%, with an average individual characteristic percentage of approximately 13.6%. The research has implications for forensic investigations, genetics, and personal identification systems. Further studies with larger sample sizes and genetic analysis integration are recommended for future research.

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Horita, Mitsuo, and Kenicki Tsuchiya. "Genetic Diversity of Japanese Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum." Phytopathology® 91, no. 4 (April 2001): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.4.399.

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The genetic diversity of 74 Japanese strains of Ralstonia solanacearum was assessed by pathogenicity tests and the repetitive sequencebased polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) fingerprint method. Based on their genomic fingerprints, biovar N2 strains were divided into two distinct groups, one consisting of potato isolates belonging to race 3, and the other consisting of tomato, eggplant, pepper, and tobacco isolates belonging to race 1. Biovar 3 strains had low average similarity and were divided into five groups that differed in original host or pathogenicity. Biovar 4 strains consisted of only one group at the 80% similarity level. Comparative analysis of the rep-PCR fingerprints of 78 strains, including six biovars from Japan and various countries, revealed two main clusters. Cluster 1 comprised all biovar 3, 4, and 5 strains, biovar 1 strains from Reunion, and some biovar N2 strains from Japan. Cluster 2 included most of the biovar 1, 2, and N2 strains. The fingerprints showed low average similarity with biovar N2 strains from Japan and Brazil.

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ÇINGI, Haci İsmail, Sadettin ÇALDIRAN, Mustafa YILMAZ, and Ömer ÇINGI. "An Investigation of the Relationship between Fingerprints and Anaerobic Powers of Sports Sciences Students." Sosyolojik Bağlam Dergisi 4, no. 2 (August 15, 2023): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52108/2757-5942.4.2.6.

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In this study, the relationship between fingerprints and the anaerobic power of athletes was analyzed in a random sample group in correlation type. Fingerprints have been used electronically for identification in forensic criminology and authentication in business and social life with the development of dermatoglyphics science in the last century and the understanding that fingerprints are unique to the individual. Today, it is known that much research is being carried out to determine genetic characteristics, heredity, gender, character, and ability analysis from fingerprints. In this study, the height and weight measurements of 126 athletes from Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Sports Sciences were taken with the appropriate sampling method, and the vertical jump test was applied to the individuals. The anaerobic power of the athletes was calculated with these collected data. The coding method determined 10 fingerprints of the same sample group, and fingerprint classes and attributes were determined by observation. According to the findings obtained from the data analysis, a significant difference was observed between the anaerobic powers of the athletes according to their fingerprint classes. The anaerobic power of athletes with W2 Normal fingerprint codes has been observed to be higher than those without W2. However, it has been observed that fingerprints in certain codes increase and decrease in direct proportion to anaerobic power. In light of the data obtained in this study, limited but meaningful data were obtained in the direction of detecting sportive skills from fingerprints.

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Fox, Jeffrey L. "FBI Embracing Genetic Fingerprints." Nature Biotechnology 7, no. 6 (June 1989): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0689-551.

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LH, Adamu, and Taura MG. "Embryogenesis and Applications of Fingerprints- a review." International Journal of Human Anatomy 1, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-17-1539.

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Fingerprint is an impression made by the friction ridges that are almost parallel at constant crest to crest wavelength. The pattern is dominated by central features, such as whorls, loops, arches and triradii. Fingerprints have been used for several decades in forensic and medical sciences. The fingerprints characteristics such uniqueness, consistency and universality are the main features that are used by forensic experts in identification processes, are well developed during intra-uterine life. Understanding embryogenesis of fingerprints is essential in linking its features to some disease conditions. The purpose of this review was to highlight information regarding establishment, formation, hypotheses and factors affecting fingerprints. Applications of the fingerprints in forensic and medical sciences were also highlighted. Both environmental (in utero) and genetic factors have role to play in the formation of the fingerprints. The primary role of fingerprints is personal identification; these can be achieved through revealing sex, ethnicity, diet and lifestyle of an individual. In another perspective the fingerprints can be used as tools in diagnosis and ascertaining presence of disease conditions, however, this is population specific.

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Thachil, Anil J., Binu T. Velayudhan, Vanessa C. Lopes-Berkas, David A. Halvorson, and Kakambi V. Nagaraja. "Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction Fingerprinting to Differentiate Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale Isolates." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 19, no. 4 (July 2007): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900415.

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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is an infectious respiratory pathogen of chickens, turkeys, and wild birds. There are 18 serotypes of ORT reported worldwide. In this study, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) polymerase chain reaction and random amplified polymorphic DNA assay with Universal M13 primer-based fingerprinting techniques were investigated for their ability to differentiate ORT isolates. The authors examined 50 field isolates and 8 reference strains of ORT for their genetic differences. The fingerprint patterns were compared with serotyping results of ORT by the agar gel precipitation test. M13 fingerprinting revealed different patterns for 6 reference serotypes of ORT that were tested, namely, C, D, E, I, J, and K. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale reference serotypes A and F yielded indistinguishable fingerprints with M13 fingerprinting. The ERIC 1R technique discerned only 5 of the 8 reference serotypes of ORT. Distinct fingerprints were also found within the ORT serotypes with both techniques. From 58 isolates of ORT that were fingerprinted belonging to 8 ORT serotypes, 10 different fingerprints were obtained with M13 fingerprinting and 6 different fingerprints were obtained with ERIC 1R fingerprinting. M13 fingerprinting technique was found to be more discriminative in differentiating ORT isolates than the ERIC 1R fingerprinting technique. These results suggest that fingerprinting techniques may be a more discerning tool for characterizing ORT isolates than the serological test using the agar gel precipitation test. This fingerprinting technique could potentially be a valuable tool in identifying an isolate from a clinical outbreak of ORT infection for development of an autogenous vaccine.

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Sperry, Beau P., Megan Allyse, and Richard R. Sharp. "Genetic Fingerprints and National Security." American Journal of Bioethics 17, no. 5 (April 21, 2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2017.1316627.

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Enserink, M. "ANTHRAX: Taking Anthrax's Genetic Fingerprints." Science 294, no. 5548 (November 30, 2001): 1810–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5548.1810.

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AL- Ghufaili, Melath, Taif Razaq Majid, and Attyaf Al-Tamimi. "Study Genetic Distances Amonge Nine Okra, (Abelmoschus, esculentus) genotypes UsingTen ISSR markers." Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v12.i3.11787.

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Ten from molecular marker ISSRs, (Inter, - Simple, Sequence, Repeats.) were used to find genetic, diversity, genetic* relationship, and DNA* fingerprint* of nine Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes. Primers varied among them in giving unique DNA fingerprints, primers (UBC-809, HB12, and HBS10) gave a unique fingerprint for one genotype of okra, while primers (844A, UBC808) give unique fingerprint for four genotypes. High genetic distance was (0.722) between Egypt and Hasnawia while low genetic distance was (0.074) between Hasnawia and Lahluba. Cluster analysis (Phylogenetic tree) grouped studied genotypes in to two main cluster, the first large one included six genotype(Mosulia , Houseagrl, Khnisiraa ,Hasnawia ,Lahluba and Batra) and other small one includes three genotype (Soutl,Egypt and Zasco seed).ISSR marker could reveal genetic relationship in studied genotypes according to their origin, thus it gave an excellent tool to breeding programs help breeders .

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Genetic fingerprints"

Soattin, Marica. "The use of molecular markers for analyzing genes and genomes of livestock." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425494.

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The present thesis has been developed considering three different livestock species such as chicken, cattle and sheep. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the application of molecular makers in order to assay the genetic population structure on seven local breeds of chicken, to evaluate the applicability of candidate genes as support of conventional breeding on Piedmontese cattle breed and to detect new SNPs on a sheep population. The first two researchs were carried out at Department of Animal Science of University of Padova while the last one at Reprogen (Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW, AUS).

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Gibavičius, Darius. "Genetinių algoritmų taikymas biometrijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100617_141716-09318.

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Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamas genetinių algoritmų taikymas biometrijoje. Išnagrinėta plačiausiai naudojama biometrinė informacija, aprašytos labiausiai paplitusios biometrinės sistemos, genetiniai algoritmai bei jų pritaikymas biometrinių sistemų optimizavimui. Baigiamajame darbe pasiūlytas naujas rankos atpažinimo metodas. Šiam metodui pritaikyti genetiniai algoritmai. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys: įvadas, biometrija, genetiniai algoritmai, genetinių algoritmų taikymas biometrinėse sistemose, genetinių algoritmų taikymas rankos atpažinimui, išvados ir literatūra. Darbo apimtis – 51 p. teksto be priedų, 30 pav., 4 lent., 32 bibliografiniai šaltiniai.
In the graduation thesis to receive the master‘s degree the application of genetic algorithms in biometrics is analysed. The most widely used biometric information have been examined, the most common biometric systems, genetic algorithms and their customization in biometric systems optimization have been described. A new method is proposed for hand recognition. Genetic algorithms have been customized for this method. Structure: introduction, biometry, genetic algorithms, application of genetic algorithms in biometric systems, application of genetic algorithms for hand recognition, the conclusions and bibliography. Thesis consist of: 51 p. text without appendixes, 30 pictures, 4 tables, 32 bibliographical entries.

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Larnane, Amel. "Identification par empreintes génétiques : développement et évaluation de nouvelles méthodologies pour l'analyse de traces d'ADN en faible quantité et/ou dégradé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2024/interne/2024UPASL102.pdf.

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L'identification par empreintes génétiques est devenue une méthode incontournable dans les enquêtes judiciaires au cours des trois dernières décennies. Cependant, l'analyse des traces biologiques issues des scènes d'infraction reste un défi majeur, en particulier lorsque l'ADN est dégradé et/ou présent en faible quantité. Actuellement, seulement environ 33 % des traces prélevées à des fins d'analyse génétique sont exploitables avec les techniques classiques, correspondant principalement aux cas les plus simples. Les traces plus complexes, qu'elles présentent une quantité insuffisante d'ADN ou un ADN altéré, voire constituées de mélanges, posent encore des difficultés, limitant ainsi l'identification de suspects ou de victimes. Surmonter ces obstacles représente un enjeu important pour les communautés criminalistique et judiciaire, ainsi que pour la société. Cette thèse vise à repousser ces limites en développant de nouvelles méthodologies pour analyser les traces d'ADN dégradé et/ou en faible quantité. Dans une première partie, nous avons cherché à comprendre la composition de ces traces complexes à partir de cas réels. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé une technologie d'électrophorèse ultra-sensible à champ pulsé pour visualiser l'ADN, couplée à la quantification de l'ADN humain via les séquences Alu et au séquençage du gène de l'ARN ribosomique 16S pour identifier la présence de micro-organismes. Cette combinaison a révélé que l'ADN humain était présent dans plus de 84 % des cas, bien que souvent en quantité insuffisante et avec différents niveaux de dégradation, tandis que l'ADN bactérien prédominait. Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous sommes focalisés sur la faible quantité d'ADN en examinant des traces issues de cas réels. Nous avons choisi d'adapter un protocole d'amplification d'ADN en le couplant à une technologie innovante de miniaturisation robotisée. Cette stratégie a permis notamment de rendre exploitables des traces qui, avec les méthodes classiques, ne l'étaient pas. Dans une dernière partie, nous avons abordé la question de la dégradation avec l'analyse des Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP), par l'utilisation du séquençage nouvelle génération (NGS) ciblé. Les résultats obtenus indiquent la possibilité d'établir des profils génétiques hybrides, composés de short tandem repeats (STR) et de SNP, à partir d'ADN très dégradé. Ces nouvelles méthodologies apportent un regard nouveau sur l'exploitation des traces d'ADN dans les enquêtes criminelles et soulignent l'importance de redéfinir les cadres réglementaires autour des informations génétiques multiples disponibles issues des traces biologiques, un enjeu qui devrait être au cœur des futures discussions de cette décennie. Ces résultats pourraient transformer l'approche de l'identification génétique avec un impact direct sur les procédures judiciaires
Genetic fingerprinting has become a cornerstone method in criminal investigations over the past three decades. However, the analysis of biological traces from crime scenes remains a major challenge, particularly when DNA is degraded and/or present in low quantities. Currently, only about 33% of traces collected for genetic analysis are usable with conventional techniques, mainly in the simplest cases. More complex traces, whether they contain insufficient amounts of DNA, degraded DNA, or are composed of mixtures, still pose difficulties, thereby limiting the identification of suspects or victims. Overcoming these obstacles is a significant challenge for forensic and judicial communities, as well as for society as a whole. This thesis aims to push these boundaries by developing new methodologies to analyze degraded and/or low-quantity DNA samples. In the first part, we sought to understand the composition of these complex traces using casework. To achieve this, we employed ultra-sensitive pulsed-field electrophoresis technology to visualize the DNA, coupled with the quantification of human DNA via Alu sequences and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene to identify the presence of microorganisms. This approach revealed that human DNA was present in over 84% of cases, although often in insufficient quantities and with varying levels of degradation, while bacterial DNA predominated. In the second part, we focused on the issue of low DNA quantities by examining traces from casework. We chose to adapt a DNA amplification protocol, integrating it with an innovative robotic miniaturization technology. This strategy allowed us to make previously unusable traces analyzable with conventional methods. Finally, in the third part, we addressed the issue of degradation by analyzing Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) using targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The results indicate the possibility of establishing hybrid genetic profiles composed of short tandem repeats (STR) and SNPs from highly degraded DNA samples. These new methodologies offer a fresh perspective on the use of DNA traces in criminal investigations and emphasize the importance of redefining regulatory frameworks surrounding the multiple genetic data available from biological traces, an issue that should be central to discussions in the coming decade. These findings could transform the approach to genetic identification, with a direct impact on judicial procedures

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Giraudi, Lawrence J. "The development of a genetic fingerprint for feverfew." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0006/MQ43383.pdf.

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Machaj, Agnieszka S. "Breast Cancer in PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: Can a Predictive Fingerprint be Identified?" Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1397736695.

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Lopes, Patrícia Ferreira. "Diversidade taxonômica e potencial de biodegradação de bactérias isoladas de reservatórios de petróleo da Bacia de Campos (RJ)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-22122010-095359/.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar uma coleção de 98 bactérias isoladas de amostras de petróleo e água de formação de reservatórios da Bacia de Campos (RJ) utilizando técnicas de taxonomia molecular e avaliar o potencial de degradação de biomarcadores do petróleo. O sequenciamento e análise filogenética do gene RNAr 16S revelaram Bacillus firmus, megaterium, pumilus, sphaericus, simplex, cereus/B. thuringiensis Marinobacter lutaoensis, Halomonas shengliensis/H. alimentaria/ H.campisalis, Citreicella thiooxidans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Micrococcus luteus, Kocuria rosea, Streptomyces alboniger/S. chartreusis /S. moderatus, Staphylococcus hominis e Staphylococcus pasteuri/S. warneri. Os resultados evidenciaram a preferência pela biotransformação do ácido nonadecanóico e esqualano. A caracterização da microbiota presente nos reservatórios e avaliação do potencial de biodegradação pode contribuir para fornecer subsídios para estudos futuros sobre os mecanismos biológicos responsáveis pela biodegradação do petróleo.
This study is aimed to characterize a collection of 98 bacteria isolated from oil and formation water samples derived from reservoirs of the Campos Basin (RJ) using molecular biology-based techniques and to evaluate the degradation potential of petroleum biomarkers. Further sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed species of Bacillus firmus, megaterium, pumilus, sphaericus, simplex, cereus/thuringiensis, Marinobacter lutaoensis, Halomonas shengliensis/H. alimentaria/H. campisalis, Citreicella thiooxidans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Micrococcus luteus, Kocuria rosea, Streptomyces alboniger/S. chartreusis/S. moderatus, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus pasteuri/S. warneri. The results showed the preference of bacteria for the biotransformation of nonadecanoic acid and squalane. The characterization of the microbiota associated to reservoirs and the evaluation of their biodegradation potential may provide subsidies for future studies about the biological mechanisms responsible for petroleum biodegradation.

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MARTONI, Elena. "Whole transcriptome expression profiling in collagen VI myopathies KO mice reveals muscle-specific fingerprints and arises the role of circadian clock genes as myopathy biomarkers." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388945.

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Collagen VI is an extracellular matix protein that forms a microfilamentous network in skeletal muscles and other organs. In humans, mutations in the collagen VI alpha1, 2 and 3 genes cause congenital muscular dystrophies as Bethlem , Ullrich and Myosclerosis. Mitochondrial pore abnormalities and defect in the autophagic pathways have been identified both in patients and in Col6a2KO mouse model. In order to bridging these findings to the transcriptome, we have performed whole expression profile in both wild type and KO mice. The transcritpomic data were also analysed by an ad hoc designed software enabling us to design an interactome map of the de-regulated transcripts highlighted by the array studies. The mice muscles analysed were diaphragm, gastrocnemious and tibilias. Various transcripts belonging to the muscle development and regeneration, also including genes involved in the apoptosis and autophagy control are consistently de-regulated in KO mice, supporting the role that these processes play in the disease pathogenesis. Interestingly, six genes acting within the circadian clock mechanisms are constantly down-regulated in KO mice. This behavior is constant in all muscles analysed, though more prominent in tibialis. The pathway scan analysis revealed connections between clock genes and apoptosis and autophagy as well as with muscle regeneration and muscle signaling, opening a previously undisclosed role of circadian rhythm in muscle diseases. These finding make clock genes down-regulation exploratory biomarkers of collagen VI pathology.

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Khoory, Haifa. "The feasibility of transferring cells from archived buccal swabs to FTA card for long term and simple storage of forensic samples." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0088.

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[Truncated abstract] The collection of buccal cells is common practise in the epidemiological and forensic science. Unlike venipuncture collection of blood; it is a safer, non-invasive method for collection of biological material. The methods by which these cells are collected from the inner cheek of an individual and stored are the key elements in preserving DNA. Typically, forensic samples require long term storage. Samples are commonly collected on cotton swabs and stored moist at low to ultra-low temperatures (less than -20oC). Although this is the method of choice in most forensic facilities, there are drawbacks. The samples are inherently contaminated with microflora within the oral cavity and the moisture allows a plethora of microorganisms to grow. As the time frame that has elapsed from collection to storage increases, there is an exponential increase in bacterial cells. Storage of containers containing swabs coated with cells at temperatures below 20oC is also costly due to requirements for large freezers which are running and monitored over 24 hours. In the pass 10 to 15 years, researchers have focussed on alternative ways to store buccal cells. The FTA card system by Whatman is one such development. The FTA card is unique in that it provides a means for the collection of buccal cells for storage at room temperature. DNA profiling from samples stored in this way for 11 years has been successfully achieved. The filter paper matrix of the FTA card binds and subsequently lyses cells. ... (2) The second component of this thesis describes a study which subjected cells on buccal swabs to various conditions of increased temperature over periods of time to establish if DNA could be amplified. The aim was to mimic exposure to the vigours of field conditions, particularly in the extreme local environments that prevail in the United Arab Emirates. a. Initially, buccal cells stored at -20oC over 360 days were used to mimic standard archiving procedures. The cells were subsequently transferred to FTA cards, amplified and profiled by using ABI AmpFLSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Complete STR profiles were successfully recovered from the archived swabs. In most cases 100% of alleles were recovered, suggesting that it is feasible to transfer DNA from properly archived buccal swabs to FTA cards. b. The second phase involved the storage of fresh swabs that had been artificially aged by using incubation temperatures ranging from 40oC to 100oC. Partial profiles resulted from artificially aged samples, indicating that the prevailing conditions prior to low temperature storage of the swabs plays an important role in ensuring cellular integrity and thus, DNA quality. Results from this study suggest that it is possible for biological samples stored under correct conditions to be transferred from swabs to FTA card. In combination, the two chapters presented in this study show that it is feasible to transfer achieved forensic biology samples from swabs to the FTA card system. However, it is necessary to ensure that the samples are treated in the correct manner so as to minimise contamination from external sources and to maintain the correct environmental state to maintain intact cells and usable DNA.

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Resende, Raquel Vaz. "EXTRAÇÃO DE DNA DE IMPRESSÕES DIGITAIS LATENTES DEPOSITADAS EM DIFERENTES SUPORTES E REVELADAS COM NINIDRINA E PÓ PRETO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2367.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL VAZ RESENDE.pdf: 8228076 bytes, checksum: 2434f1bf0bafb200c6e01978c59427a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-08
The importance of scientific proof for the current Brazilian justice system is notorious. Article 158 of the CPC provides that when the offense is a trace essential examination of the corpus delicti. But many fingerprints arriving in section showdown Police Technician - Scientific Goiás, do not present conditions for analysis are blurred or incomplete, and thus unusable. The possibility of extracting DNA of these appears as an option in criminal investigations. The present study detected by light microscopy, scaly epidermal cells in 98% of the fifty sheets containing fingerprints subjected to Leishman stain, and the amount varied from fifteen to seven hundred and seventy cells per slide. After DNA extraction sixty-nine samples, deposited on five different media (aluminum, wood, paper, plastic and glass) were obtained concentrations ranging from 0.3 ng / uL to 25.4 ng / uL. Analyzing the concentrations of each surface separately observed that wood was the one with the highest average concentration of DNA (10.67 ng / uL), while paper and plastic had equal means and the lowest (5.92 ng / uL) . Comparing the media by student t test, we found three statistically significant analysis, the largest difference was observed between the surfaces of wood and paper (p = 0.001). When extracting DNA prints developed with ninhydrin or impregnated by black powder, concentration obtained in 70% of samples with ninhydrin and 60% of samples with dust. This study corroborates several studies have shown that it is possible to extract DNA from surfaces that have been touched by the hands of just one person. Our experiments also showed obtaining a higher concentration in the porous surfaces in relation to smooth surfaces and that using ninhydrin and black powder also allow the extraction of said genetic material.
A importância da prova científica para o atual sistema de justiça brasileiro é notória. O artigo 158 do CPP determina que quando a infração deixar vestígios será indispensável o exame do corpo de delito. Porém, muitas impressões digitais que chegam à seção de confronto da Polícia Técnico - Científica de Goiás, não apresentam condições de análises por estarem borradas ou incompletas, sendo assim, inutilizadas. A possibilidade de extrair DNA destas surge como uma opção nas investigações criminais. O presente estudo detectou, à microscopia óptica, células descamativas da epiderme em 98% das cinquenta lâminas contendo impressões digitais submetidas à coloração de Leishman, sendo que a quantidade variou de quinze a setecentos e setenta células por lâmina. Após a extração de DNA de sessenta e nove amostras, depositadas em cinco suportes diferentes (alumínio, madeira, papel, plástico e vidro) foram obtidas concentrações que variaram entre 0,3 ng/µL a 25,4 ng/µL. Analisando as concentrações de cada superfície separadamente observamos que a madeira foi a que apresentou a maior concentração média de DNA (10,67 ng/µL), enquanto que o papel e plástico apresentaram médias iguais e as menores (5,92 ng/µL). Na comparação entre os suportes pelo teste t student, encontramos três análises estatisticamente significativas, sendo a maior diferença foi observada entre as superfícies de madeira e papel (p = 0,001). Ao extrair DNA de impressões reveladas com ninidrina ou impregnadas pelo pó preto, obtivemos concentração em 70% das amostras com ninidrina e 60% das amostras analisadas com pó. O presente trabalho corrobora com vários estudos que já demonstraram ser possível extrair DNA de superfícies que foram simplesmente tocadas pelas mãos de uma pessoa. Nossos experimentos demonstraram, ainda, a obtenção de uma maior concentração nas superfícies porosas em relação às superfícies lisas e que o uso de ninidrina e pó de cor preta também permitem a extração do referido material genético.

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Molteni, A. "PROFILI SOSPETTI. STRUMENTI DI IDENTIFICAZIONE CRIMINALE E PRATICHE DI CLASSIFICAZIONE: LA BANCA DATI NAZIONALE DEL DNA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/160738.

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The empirical research discussed in this thesis is aimed at investigating the establishment and implementation of the Italian DNA databank arranged on the base of the Prüm treaty and set up with the law n.85 of 30th June 2009. This archive of criminal DNA profiles operates as part of a broader set of tools for the regulation and the government of phenomena and situations that at some point have been presented as a problem and defined as a threat. The implementation of this “instrument” has been taken into account as an exemplary moment of the production of a larger dispositif of securitization and has been contextualised within a broader process of constitution, development and integration of national databases in the European framework of police and judicial cross-border cooperation. At a more general level the inquiry deals with classifications that define certain "kinds of people" (the criminal, the recidivist, the suspect). Special attention has been devoted to the scientific knowledge that support and justifies them, to the political discourses that makes theme effective and to the technical instruments they use, particularly that peculiar kind of tools represented by genetic and biometrics databases used for personal identification in criminal investigations, and in the management of public security and borders in EU.

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Книги з теми "Genetic fingerprints"

Chuanxue, Hong, ed. Phytophthora: Identifying species by morphology and DNA fingerprints. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society, 2008.

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Gallegly, Mannon E. Phytophthora: Identifying species by morphology and DNA fingerprints. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society, 2008.

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Gallegly, Mannon E. Phytophthora: Identifying species by morphology and DNA fingerprints. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society, 2008.

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Expert Working Group on Human Factors in Latent Print Analysis. Latent print examination and human factors: Improving the practice through a systems approach : the report of the Expert Working Group on Human Factors in Latent Print Analysis. [Washington, D.C.]: NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2012.

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Christiane, Hennau-Hublet, Knoppers Bartha Maria, Université catholique de Louvain (1970- ). Faculté de droit., and Université de Montréal. Faculté de droit., eds. L' analyse génétique à des fins de preuve et les droits de l'homme: Aspects médico-scientifique, éthique et juridique. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 1997.

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Kirby, Lorne T. DNA fingerprinting: An introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Kirby, Lorne T. DNA fingerprinting: An introduction. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1992.

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Kirby, Lorne T. DNAfingerprinting: An introduction. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1992.

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Kirby, Lorne T. DNA fingerprinting: An introduction. New York: Macmillan, 1990.

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Krawczak, Michael. DNA fingerprinting. Oxford, UK: Bios Scientific Publishers, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Genetic fingerprints"

Moisan, Jean-Paul, and Olivier Pascal. "Identification Using Genetic Fingerprints." In Diagnostic Techniques in Genetics, 213–35. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470033363.ch6.

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Song, Zeqi, Hongwei Du, Hejiao Huang, and Chuang Liu. "Indoor Localization via Candidate Fingerprints and Genetic Algorithm." In Combinatorial Optimization and Applications, 319–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26626-8_24.

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McComb, J., M. H. Crawford, W. R. Leonard, M. S. Schanfield, and L. Osipova. "Applications of DNA Fingerprints for the Study of Genetic Structure of Human Populations." In Genomes of Plants and Animals, 31–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0280-1_3.

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Stead, D. E., S. A. Simpkins, S. A. Weller, J. Hennessy, A. Aspin, H. Stanford, N. C. Smith, and J. G. Elphinstone. "Classification and Identification of Plant Pathogenic Pseudomonas species by REP-PCR Derived Genetic Fingerprints." In Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens, 411–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0133-4_45.

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Bhanu, Bir, and Xuejun Tan. "Fingerprint Matching by Genetic Algorithms." In Computational Algorithms for Fingerprint Recognition, 59–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0491-7_4.

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Bhanu, Bir, and Xuejun Tan. "Genetic Programming for Fingerprint Classification." In Computational Algorithms for Fingerprint Recognition, 83–116. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0491-7_5.

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Mathis, James N., and David E. McMillin. "Detection of genetic variation in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 variants using DNA fingerprints generated with GC rich arbitrary PCR primers." In Current Issues in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation, 81–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5700-1_11.

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Hauge, Brian M., and Howard M. Goodman. "Physical mapping by random clone fingerprint analysis." In Plant Genomes: Methods for Genetic and Physical Mapping, 101–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2442-3_6.

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Reddy, H. R. Sudarshana, and N. V. Subba Reddy. "Development of Genetic Algorithm Embedded KNN for Fingerprint Recognition." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 9–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30176-9_2.

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Wetcharaporn, Wannasak, Nachol Chaiyaratana, and Sanpachai Huvanandana. "Enhancement of an Automatic Fingerprint Identification System Using a Genetic Algorithm and Genetic Programming." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 368–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11732242_33.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Genetic fingerprints"

Cai, Jie, Wubin Qian, Bin Fan, Xiaobo Chen, Sheng Guo, Davy Ouyang, Wenqing Yang, et al. "Abstract 5116: Development of murine tumor homograft panels and their genetic fingerprints for their identification to ensure the quality controlled I/O studies using these models." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5116.

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Cofala, Tim, and Oliver Kramer. "An evolutionary fragment-based approach to molecular fingerprint reconstruction." In GECCO '22: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528824.

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Tseng, Kuo-Kun, Wei Wei, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Chih-Yu Hsu, and Shuo-Tsung Chen. "Evolutionary Interval Fingerprint for Wireless Network." In 2011 Fifth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing (ICGEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgec.2011.101.

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Conti, V., G. Milici, G. Vetrano, S. Vitabile, and F. Sorbello. "Fingerprint Registration Using Specialized Genetic Algorithms." In EUROCON 2005 - The International Conference on "Computer as a Tool". IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurcon.2005.1630218.

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Jiaojiao Hu and Mei Xie. "Fingerprint classification based on genetic programming." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccet.2010.5486315.

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Luo, Jing, Shuzhong Lin, Jianyun Ni, and Ming Lei. "An Improved Fingerprint Recognition Algorithm Using EBFNN." In 2008 Second International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing (WGEC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wgec.2008.48.

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Liu, Tonglai, Hua Jiang, and Wanzhen Zhang. "Research on Network Content Audit Based on Information Fingerprint." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing (WGEC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wgec.2009.50.

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Rozsa, Andras, Albert E. Glock, and Terrance E. Boult. "Genetic algorithm attack on minutiae-based fingerprint authentication and protected template fingerprint systems." In 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2015.7301325.

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Mao, Keming, Guoren Wang, Yan Jin, and Changyong Yu. "Using Genetic Algorithms for Fingerprint Core Point Detection." In 2009 Sixth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2009.786.

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Cheng, Xin-Ming, Cheng Xu, and Dong-Cheng Xu. "A New Algorithm for Detecting Singular Points in Fingerprint Images." In 2009 Third International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing (WGEC 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wgec.2009.71.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Genetic fingerprints"

Dunnington, Ann, Jossi Hillel, Paul Siegel, and Avigdor Cahaner. Use of DNA "Fingerprints" as Genetic Markers in Poultry Breeding. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7603828.bard.

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Zhang, Hongbin, Shahal Abbo, Weidong Chen, Amir Sherman, Dani Shtienberg, and Frederick Muehlbauer. Integrative Physical and Genetic Mapping of the Chickpea Genome for Fine Mapping and Analysis of Agronomic Traits. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592122.bard.

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Chickpea is the third most important pulse crop in the world and ranks first in the Middle East; however, it has been subjected to only limited research in modern genomics. In the first period of this project (US-3034-98R) we constructed two large-insert BAC and BIBAC libraries, developed 325 SSR markers and mapped QTLs controlling ascochyta blight resistance (ABR) and days to first flower (DTF). Nevertheless, the utilities of these tools and results in gene discovery and marker-assisted breeding are limited due to the absence of an essential platform. The goals of this period of the project were to use the resources and tools developed in the first period of the project to develop a BAC/BIBAC physical map for chickpea and using it to identify BAC/BIBACcontigs containing agronomic genes of interest, with an emphasis on ABR and DTF, and develop DNA markers suitable for marker-assisted breeding. Toward these goals, we proposed: 1) Fingerprint ~50,000 (10x) BACs from the BAC and BIBAC libraries, assemble the clones into a genome-wide BAC/BIBAC physical map, and integrate the BAC/BIBAC map with the existing chickpea genetic maps (Zhang, USA); 2) fine-map ABR and DTFQTLs and enhance molecular tools for chickpea genetics and breeding (Shahal, Sherman and DaniShtienberg, Israel; Chen and Muehlbauer; USA); and 3) integrate the BAC/BIBAC map with the existing chickpea genetic maps (Sherman, Israel; Zhang and Chen, USA). For these objectives, a total of $460,000 was requested originally, but a total of $300,000 was awarded to the project. We first developed two new BAC and BIBAC libraries, Chickpea-CME and Chickpea- CHV. The chickpea-CMEBAC library contains 22,272 clones, with an average insert size of 130 kb and equivalent to 4.0 fold of the chickpea genome. The chickpea-CHVBIBAC library contains 38,400 clones, with an average insert size of 140 kb and equivalent to 7.5 fold of the chickpea genome. The two new libraries (11.5 x), along with the two BAC (Chickpea-CHI) and BIBAC (Chickpea-CBV) libraries (7.1 x) constructed in the first period of the project, provide libraries essential for chickpea genome physical mapping and many other genomics researches. Using these four libraries we then developed the proposed BAC/BIBAC physical map of chickpea. A total of 67,584 clones were fingerprinted, and 64,211 (~11.6 x) of the fingerprints validated and used in the physical map assembly. The physical map consists of 1,945 BAC/BIBACcontigs, with each containing an average of 39.2 clones and having an average physical length of 559 kb. The contigs collectively span ~1,088 Mb, being 1.49 fold of the 740- Mb chickpea genome. Third, we integrated the physical map with the two existing chickpea genetic maps using a total of 172 (124 + 48) SSR markers. Fourth, we identified tightly linked markers for ABR-QTL1, increased marker density at ABR-QTL2 and studied the genetic basis of resistance to pod abortion, a major problem in the east Mediterranean, caused by heat stress. Finally, we, using the integrated map, isolated the BAC/BIBACcontigs containing or closely linked to QTL4.1, QTL4.2 and QTL8 for ABR and QTL8 for DTF. The integrated BAC/BIBAC map resulted from the project will provide a powerful platform and tools essential for many aspects of advanced genomics and genetics research of this crop and related species. These includes, but are not limited to, targeted development of SNP, InDel and SSR markers, high-resolution mapping of the chickpea genome and its agronomic genes and QTLs, sequencing and decoding of all genes of the genome using the next-generation sequencing technology, and comparative genome analysis of chickpea versus other legumes. The DNA markers and BAC/BIBACcontigs containing or closely linked to ABR and DTF provide essential tools to develop SSR and SNP markers well-suited for marker-assisted breeding of the traits and clone their corresponding genes. The development of the tools and knowledge will thus promote enhanced and substantial genetic improvement of the crop and related legumes.

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Reisch, Bruce, Pinhas Spiegel-Roy, Norman Weeden, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, and Jacques Beckmann. Genetic Analysis in vitis Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613014.bard.

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Genetic analysis and mapping in grapes has been difficult because of the long generation period and paucity of genetic markers. In the present work, chromosome linkage maps were developed with RAPD, RFLP and isozyme loci in interspecific hybrid cultivars, and RAPD markers were produced in a V. vinifera population. In three cultivars, there were 19 linkage groups as expected for a species with 38 somatic chromosomes. These maps were used to locate chromosome regions with linkages to important genes, including those influencing powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot resistance; flower sex; and berry shape. In V. vinifera, the occurrence of specific markers was correlated with seedlessness, muscat flavor and fruit color. Polymorphic RAPD bands included single copy as well as repetitive DNA. Mapping procedures were improved by optimizing PCR parameters with grape DNA; by the development of an efficient DNA extraction protocol; and with the use of long (17- to 24-mer) primers which amplify more polymorphic loci per primer. DNA fingerprint analysis with RAPD markers indicated that vinifera cultivars could be separated readily with RAPD profiles. Pinot gris, thought to be a sort of Pinot noir, differed by 12 bands from Pinot noir. This suggests that while Pinot gris may be related to Pinot noir, it is not likely to be a clone. The techniques developed in this project are now being further refined to use marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for the early selection of elite seedlings. Furthermore, the stage has been set for future attempts to clone genes from grapes based upon map locations.

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Yogev, David, Ricardo Rosenbusch, Sharon Levisohn, and Eitan Rapoport. Molecular Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae and its Application in Diagnosis and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573073.bard.

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Mycoplasma bovis and M. agalactiae are two phylogenetically related mycoplasmas which cause economically significant diseases in their respective bovine or small ruminant hosts. These organisms cause persistent asymptomatic infections that can result in severe outbreaks upon introduction of carrier animals into susceptible herds. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying mycoplasma-host interaction, variation in virulence, or of the factors enabling avoidance of the host immune system. In recent years it has become apparent that the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to rapidly alter surface antigenic structures and to fine tune their antigenicity, a phenomena called antigenic variation, is one of the most effective strategies used to escape immune destruction and to establish chronic infections. Our discovery of a novel genetic system, mediating antigenic variation in M. bovis (vsp) as well as in M. agalactiae (avg) served as a starting point for our proposal which included the following objectives: (i) Molecular and functional characterization of the variable surface lipoproteins (Vsp) system of M. bovis and comparison with the Vsp-counterpart in M. agalactiae (ii) Determination of the role of Vsp proteins in the survival of M. bovis when confronted by host defense factors, (iii) Assessment of Vsp-based genetic and antigenic typing of M. bovis and M. agalactiae for epidemiology of infection and (iv) Improvement of diagnostic tests for M. bovis and M. agalactiae based on the vsp-and vsp-analogous systems. We have carried out an extensive molecular characterization of the vsp system and unravelled the precise molecular mechanism responsible for the generation of surface antigenic variation in M. bovis. Our data clearly demonstrated that the two pathogenic mycoplasma species possess large gene families encoding variable lipoprotein antigens that apparently play an important role in immune evasion and in pathogen-host interaction during infection. Phase variable production of these antigens was found to be mediated by a novel molecular mechanism utilizing double site-specific DNA inversions via an intermediate vsp configuration. Studies in model systems indicate that phase variation of VspA is relevant in interaction between M. bovis and macrophages or monocytes, a crucial stage in pathogenesis. Using an ELISA test with captured VspA as an antigen, phase variation was shown to occur in vivo and under field conditions. Genomic rearrangements in the avg gene family of M. agalactiae were shown to occur in vivo and may well have a role in evasion of host defences and establishment of chronic infection. An epidemiological study indicated that patterns of vsp-related antigenic variation diverge rapidly in an M. bovis infected herd. Marked divergence was also found with avg-based genomic typing of M. agalactiae in chronically infected sheep. However, avg-genomic fingerprints were found to be relatively homogeneous in different animals during acute stages of an outbreak of Contagious Agalactiae, and differ between unrelated outbreaks. These data support the concept of vsp-based genomic typing but indicate the necessity for further refinement of the methodology. The molecular knowledge on these surface antigens and their encoding genes provides the basis for generating specific recombinant tools and serological methods for serodiagnosis and epidemiological purposes. Utilization of these methods in the field may allow differentiating acutely infected herds from chronic herds and disease-free herds. In addition the highly immunogenic nature of these lipoproteins may facilitate the design of protective vaccine against mycoplasma infections.

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Joel, Daniel M., Steven J. Knapp, and Yaakov Tadmor. Genomic Approaches for Understanding Virulence and Resistance in the Sunflower-Orobanche Host-Parasite Interaction. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592655.bard.

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Oroginal Objectives: (i) identify DNA markers linked to the avirulence (Avr) locus and locate the Avr locus through genetic mapping with an inter-race Orobanche cumana population; (ii) develop high-throughput fingerprint DNA markers for genotypingO. cumana races; (iii) identify nucleotide binding domain leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR) genes encoding R proteins conferring resistance to O. cumana in sunflower; (iv) increase the resolution of the chromosomal segment harboring Or₅ and related R genes through genetic and physical mapping in previously and newly developed mapping populations of sunflower; and (v) develop high-throughput DNA markers for rapidly and efficiently identifying and transferring sunflower R genes through marker-assisted selection. Revisions made during the course of project: Following changes in O. cumana race distribution in Israel, the newly arrived virulent race H was chosen for further analysis. HA412-HO, which was primarily chosen as a susceptible sunflower cultivar, was more resistant to the new parasite populations than var. Shemesh, thus we shifted sunflower research into analyzing the resistance of HA412-HO. We exceeded the deliverables for Objectives #3-5 by securing funding for complete physical and high-density genetic mapping of the sunflower genome, in addition to producing a complete draft sequence of the sunflower genome. We discovered limited diversity between the parents of the O. cumana population developed for the mapping study. Hence, the developed DNA marker resources were insufficient to support genetic map construction. This objective was beyond the scale and scope of the funding. This objective is challenging enough to be the entire focus of follow up studies. Background to the topic: O. cumana, an obligate parasitic weed, is one of the most economically important and damaging diseases of sunflower, causes significant yield losses in susceptible genotypes, and threatens production in Israel and many other countries. Breeding for resistance has been crucial for protecting sunflower from O. cumana, and problematic because new races of the pathogen continually emerge, necessitating discovery and deployment of new R genes. The process is challenging because of the uncertainty in identifying races in a genetically diverse parasite. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We developed a small collection of SSR markers for genetic mapping in O. cumana and completed a diversity study to lay the ground for objective #1. Because DNA sequencing and SNPgenotyping technology dramatically advanced during the course of the study, we recommend shifting future work to SNP discovery and mapping using array-based approaches, instead of SSR markers. We completed a pilot study using a 96-SNP array, but it was not large enough to support genetic mapping in O.cumana. The development of further SNPs was beyond the scope of the grant. However, the collection of SSR markers was ideal for genetic diversity analysis, which indicated that O. cumanapopulations in Israel considerably differ frompopulations in other Mediterranean countries. We supplied physical and genetic mapping resources for identifying R-genes in sunflower responsible for resistance to O. cumana. Several thousand mapped SNP markers and a complete draft of the sunflower genome sequence are powerful tools for identifying additional candidate genes and understanding the genomic architecture of O. cumana-resistanceanddisease-resistance genes. Implications: The OrobancheSSR markers have utility in sunflower breeding and genetics programs, as well as a tool for understanding the heterogeneity of races in the field and for geographically mapping of pathotypes.The segregating populations of both Orobanche and sunflower hybrids are now available for QTL analyses.

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Lindow, Steven E., Shulamit Manulis, Dan Zutra, and Dan Gaash. Evaluation of Strategies and Implementation of Biological Control of Fire Blight. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568106.bard.

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The main objective of this study was to develop data that would facilitate a consistently effective method of biological control of fire blight disease to be developed and to enable its implementation for disease control by ensuring its compatibility with variations in the biological, environmental, and chemical conditions present in pear orchards. As considerable information on the pathogen and biological control of fire blight was already gathered from studies in California and elsewhere, an emphasis was placed on investigating the genetics and ecology of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in Israel. Studies of plasmid profile, virulence on several host, serological characteristics, as well as DNA fingerprints with selected primers all revealed E. amylovora strains in Israel to be homogeneous. Strains did vary in their resistance to streptomycin, with those from more northern locations being resistant while those in the southern costal plain were all sensitive to streptomycin. Resistance appeared to be conferred by chromosomal mutations as in streptomycin-resistant strains in California. The biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 colonized flowers of both the Costia and Spodona pear cultivars in Israel as well as Bartlett pear in California. Flowers that were open at the time of spray inoculation of trees subsequently harbored from 105 to 107 cells of strain A506 per flower, while those that opened subsequent to spraying developed population sizes of about 105 cells/flower within 5 days. The incidence of fire blight infections were reduced about 3-fold in several trials in which moderate amounts of disease occurred in the plot areas; this degree of biological control is similar to that observed in California and elsewhere. On two occasions warm and moist weather that favored disease led to epidemics in which nearly all flowers became infected and which was so severe that neither P. fluorescens strain A506 nor chemical bactericides reduced disease incidence. A novel method for identifying antagonistic microorganisms for biological control of fire blight and other diseases was developed. A bacterial ice nucleation gene was introduced into E. amylovora to confer an Ice+ phenotype and the population sizes of this modified pathogen on flowers that had been pre-treated with potential control agents was estimated by measuring the freezing temperature of colonized flowers. Antagonistic strains that prevented the growth of E. amylovora in flowers were readily detected as those in which flowers froze at a low temperature. The method is both rapid and unbiased and several bacterial strains with substantial biological control potential have been identified using this method.

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