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Статті в журналах з теми "General Ecological Behaviour"
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Mohd Suki, Norazah. "Young consumer ecological behaviour." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 24, no. 6 (September 20, 2013): 726–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-02-2013-0010.
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Abraham, Juneman, and Any Rufaedah. "Pro-Environment Being Ecological Attachments." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 10 (March 13, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i10.86.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research related five attachment objects altogether, i.e. home attachment, neighborhood cohesion, workplace/campus attachment, city attachment, and national identity, with general pro-environmental behavior. Additional analysis included prejudice toward pro-environmental activists and psycho-socio-demographic profiles as explanatory variables. The participants were 262 urban young adults (121 males, 141 females; Mage = 30.09 years, SDage = 9.82 years) who are citizens of Jakarta and its surrounding areas. The result showed that the higher the attachment to, consecutively, workplace/campus, city, and neighborhood, the higher the general pro-environmental behavior. Home attachment, national identity, and prejudice toward pro-environmental activists could not predict pro-environmental behavior.Keywords: pro-environment; community; attachment; urban psychologyeISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Melash, V., А. Varenychenko, and О. Voznyuk. "METHODICAL ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL AND VALEOLOGICAL EDUCATION OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS." Zhytomyr Ivan Franko state university journal. Рedagogical sciences, no. 2(109) (October 19, 2022): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/pedagogy.2(109).2022.78-94.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the methodical aspects of ecological and valeological education of junior schoolchildren with special educational needs. The methods of ecological and valeological education as well as the means of pedagogical interaction with the schoolchildren are determined, which contribute to the formation of their ecological consciousness, competence, and culture, considering individual features (age, psycho-physiological ones). The methods of development of ecological consciousness in the children with special educational needs aimed at mastering ecological ideas and ecological-ethical concepts and norms, the methods of formation of ecologically balanced behaviour, as well as the methods of stimulating moral feelings and motives of behaviour are specified. The means of ecological and valeological education of the schoolchildren with the peculiarities in mental development are specified: direct communication with nature (admiring nature, excursions, some natural therapeutic methods, etc.); inclusion in various subject-practical activities (ecological and valeological games, collective creative work, ecological projects, environmental actions, practical works); activation of cognitive interest by artistic means (folklore and oral folk art, musical works, presentations and educational films, feature films, fiction, fine arts, fairy tales, etc.). It is proved that for the education of ecological and valeological culture in the schoolchildren with special educational needs, it is advisable to primarily develop emotional, value and sensory spheres with the help of outlined methods of ecological consciousness development, the methods of forming ecologically balanced behaviour, and the methods of stimulating moral feelings and motives. The defined methodical aspects of ecological and valeological education in junior schoolchildren with special educational needs enable to effectively implement the ecological education in an inclusive environment and fulfil their purpose – to help the schoolchildren with special educational needs to develop personality potential, social rehabilitation and self-realization, to act ecologically competently and safely for promoting the sustainable development of their homeland and their own well-being.
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Oerke, Britta, and Franz X. Bogner. "Social Desirability, Environmental Attitudes, and General Ecological Behaviour in Children." International Journal of Science Education 35, no. 5 (March 2013): 713–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2011.566897.
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Kumawat, Pinky, and Cristina Pronello. "Validating Italian General Ecological Behaviour Questionnaire of Travellers Using Dichotomous Rasch Model." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 11976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111976.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ecological behaviour and its impact on the environment are subjects of public concern and understanding individual behavioural measures to induce sustainable lifestyles is of extreme importance for policy makers to assess and promote sustainable mobility. To this end, a questionnaire with highly reliable items, evaluations of determinants and accurate measurements of ecological behaviour is a precondition for understanding the levers of behavioural change. This paper aims at an understanding of whether the dichotomous Rasch model provides a legitimate measurement of General Ecological Behaviour (GEB) using a 26-item questionnaire as a valid tool to assess the pro-environment behaviour of a large sample of users. A web questionnaire was administered using the snowball sampling plan in the Piedmont region (Italy), with a sample of 4473 respondents. The results suggest that using the dichotomous Rasch model, the proposed questionnaire is able to effectively measure the pro-environment behaviour of travellers. Unidimensionality, the perfect level of item reliability of 1, the very high item separation of 34.22, the absence of larger differential item functions, and the local independence are all good indicators of a valid model. This research shows how a good, validated, and reliable measurement of ecological behaviour would support public bodies in planning environment-focused transport policies thanks to the knowledge of which variables determine pro-environment behaviour. In addition, the proposed approach also allows us to measure the efficacy of the adopted policies.
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Grundey, Dainora. "CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND ECOLOGICAL AGRI-BUSINESS: SOME EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE." Economics & Sociology 2, no. 1a (July 20, 2009): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2009/2-1a/19.
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FAEZAH, Juhari Noor, Mohd Yusoff YUSLIZA, Yusoff Noor AZLINA, Jumadil SAPUTRA, and Wan Kassim WAN ZULKIFLI. "Developing a Conceptual Model to Implement the Employee Ecological Behavior in Organisations." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 3 (June 3, 2022): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.3(59).14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainability is a concern that has been discussed in many global conferences, mainly in the educational domain. Recently, the world has witnessed a growing interest among education organisations in adopting green practices and environmental management. In general, environmental sustainability at the organisation level is greatly dependent on individual‐level ecological behaviour. Based on the social identity theory where the corporate strategy has a psychological influence on the behaviour of employees in an ecological context, the current study aims to analyse the effects of green human resource management (HRM) on the employee ecological behaviours (EEB), coupled with the mediating roles of psychological green climate and organisational identification, via the moderation effect of green consciousness. It is expected that the finding of this research will shed new insights into developing a comprehensive model for the assessment of EEB that can influence the environmental management (EM) initiatives being implemented in the organisations. The research output contributes to the enhancement of knowledge on employee behaviour from an ecological perspective in a workplace.
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Chan, Sai-Keong, Farzana Quoquab, and Rohaida Basiruddin. "Personal and Environmental Factors that Influence the Ecological Behaviour of Energy-Efficient Appliance Purchases." Jurnal Institutions and Economies 13, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 59–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijie.vol13no2.3.
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This study investigates the effects of personal and environmental factors on ecological beliefs and ecological behaviour and assesses the mediating and moderating influences in this model. This study utilises 592 questionnaire surveys among Malaysian consumers. A partial least squares technique (PLS) was utilised to analyse the data and to test the study hypotheses. The findings show that personal and environmental factors have a positive influence on ecological beliefs and ecological behaviour; ecological beliefs are positively related to ecological behaviour. Additionally, ecological beliefs mediate the relationship between personal factors and ecological behaviour, and the relationship between environmental factors and ecological behaviour. The present study is among the pioneers in including environmental factors and ecological beliefs in pro-environmental studies. In the context of energy-efficient appliance purchases, the findings elaborate on the existing knowledge of personal and environmental factors, and individual’s beliefs.
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Golden, Michael. "Musicking as ecological behaviour: an integrated ‘4E’ view." idea journal 17, no. 02 (December 1, 2020): 230–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37113/ij.v17i02.349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, I bring together research from ethnomusicology, ecology, neuroscience, ‘4E’ cognition theory and evolutionary musicology in support of the idea that musicking, human musicking in particular, can best be understood as an emergent ecological behaviour. ‘Ecological’ here is used to mean an active process of engaging with and connecting ourselves to our various environmental domains – social, physical and metaphysical – and although I will focus on musicking, these concepts may apply to other artistic behaviours as well. The essential ideas from the Santiago theory of cognition, the work of Maturana and Varela and one of the foundations of contemporary 4E cognition theory, are that we as living beings ‘bring forth’ both the inner and outer worlds we experience, and this process (cognition) is common to all life. Music is also a process (not an object), one that emerges from properties of life itself and serves to link body/mind and environment. Understood this way, ‘co-constructing body-environments’ applies to the arts in general.
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Torkar, Gregor, Tina Fabijan, and Franz X. Bogner. "Students’ Care for Dogs, Environmental Attitudes, and Behaviour." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Does the act of caring for a dog have a substantial connection to the environmental values and behaviours of children? The scientific current literature contains little empirical research regarding the effect of pet ownership on environmental attitudes and behaviours in children. The Two Factor Model of Environmental Values (2-MEV) scale and the General Ecological Behaviour (GEB) scale were applied to measure environmental attitudes/values and ecological behaviours aligned with the Children’s Care for Dogs Questionnaire (CTDQ) to measure individual care for dogs. The subjects were Slovenian adolescents in primary education and lower secondary education. A clear relationship emerged: students that reported a better level of care for their pet dogs tended to engage in more environmentally responsible behaviours. Preservation and utilization attitudes had no significant influence on caring for a dog. Female students tended to report better care for dogs and practiced environmental behaviour more often. Younger students scored higher on the preservation values and practiced environmental behaviour more often. Overall, this study provides an evidence-based framework for educational initiatives that aim to include long-term care for animals. This study proposes a method with which educational programs could achieve the goal of fostering environmental behaviours.
Дисертації з теми "General Ecological Behaviour"
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Pagès, Fauria Jordi. "A behavioural seascape ecology approach to macrophyte herbivory." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/126622.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Overall, this thesis aims at approaching macrophyte herbivory and community ecology from a behavioural landscape perspective. Our study system, the seascape mosaic of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows interspersed with sand patches and rocky areas with macroalgal cover, is particularly useful to test sound ecological questions. In essence, the macroherbivore community is made up of just two key species, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the fish Sarpa salpa. Both species are generalists and have been found to actively consume seagrass and macroalgae, profoundly altering habitat structure. Moreover, both animals differ in their mobility and in the predation risk they are subjected to, which poses interesting questions on how they will perceive, use, respond to and impact their surrounding seascape. S. salpa is a highly mobile species with few known extant predators, while the sea urchin P. lividus is a low mobility species with high rates of predation.
The thesis is structured in five chapters that focus on different aspects of community organization and ecological interactions (chapter 4), animal movement (chapters 5 and 6), animal risk assessment and behavioural responses to predation risk (chapter 5), habitat selection and connectivity (chapter 6), influence of seascape attributes on herbivore foraging and thus on herbivores’ impacts on plants (chapter 7) and herbivores’ responses in terms of population and behaviour to disturbances (chapter 5). Chapters derive from field manipulative experiments (chapter 4), field mensurative campaigns (chapters 6, 7 and 8) or controlled experiments in the laboratory (chapter 5).
In chapter 4 we observed that predation pressure on a key herbivore (sea urchin) can be modified both by the environmental context within which it finds itself and by the actions of another herbivore (S. salpa) that modifies the plant traits that create this environmental context (P. oceanica). Herbivores, particularly when acting as ecosystem engineers, may have the potential to mediate and increase predation risk, as they substantially modify habitat structure with consequences for refuge availability, among others. Indeed, this type of interactions may be stronger or softer according to prey movement patterns and their perception of risk. Sea urchins can perceive predator chemical cues and respond escaping from these stimuli altering their behaviour by switching among different movement patterns. Predation risk may be as important in determining animal movement patterns as feeding strategies, and in chapter 5 sea urchins responded with straighter paths in the presence of predator cues. We were also interested in the movement patterns of the other key herbivore of the system (chapter 6). The herbivorous fish S. salpa displayed large home ranges and connected distant habitats with their highly mobile behaviour. In spite of their mobility, they also displayed a strong selectivity for the seagrass habitat, which was preferred over the rocky and sand areas. Highly mobile species can connect distant habitats, and may perceive the landscape at a greater scale. The knowledge gained on the movement patterns of both herbivore species allowed us to assess the influence of seascape attributes on the herbivory patterns found in P. oceanica seagrass meadows. The observed spatial heterogeneity in the herbivory process may be mediated by the interaction of mobility of the two main herbivores (sea urchin and fish) with seascape configuration and predation risk. We finally proved that herbivores’ species-specific behaviour could lead to contrasting responses in the face of extreme storm events. Under catastrophic disturbances, the presence of different responses among the key herbivores of the system may be critical for the maintenance of functions. Differences in species behaviour and movement capacities explain why the most mobile species (in our case S. salpa) have the possibility to endure extreme storms, while the low-mobility species is subject to great population losses just relying on the structural complexity of the habitat to resist.
Overall, we feel convinced that merging the behavioural and landscape approaches can result in new views in the ecology of functions such herbivory, in which at least two species interact among themselves framed by a given landscape configuration.Aquesta tesi pretén aproximar-se a l’estudi de l’herbivorisme dels macròfits marins i a l’ecologia de comunitats des d’un punt de vista comportamental i de paisatge. Volem estudiar com en un sistema relativament senzill, els dos herbívors claus (el peix Sarpa salpa i la garota Paracentrotus lividus) interactuen entre ells, i com els seus aspectes comportamentals interactuen també amb la configuració del paisatge i l’hidrodinamisme. El nostre sistema d’estudi és el paisatge format per praderes de la planta marina Posidonia oceanica barrejades amb àrees de sorra i zones rocoses amb macroalgues. La tesi s’estructura en cinc capítols. El primer tracta de com la pressió de depredació sobre un herbívor clau (garotes) pot ser modificada tant pel context ambiental en què es troba com per les accions de peixos herbívors (salpes) que modifiquen els trets de la planta marina (posidònia) que crea aquest context ambiental. Aquestes interaccions seran més o menys intenses en funció de com reaccionin els individus presa davant dels depredadors. Per això vam estudiar el comportament de les garotes en funció de la presència o absència de senyals químics de depredadors. Vam observar que responen amb canvis en els seus patrons de moviment, amb trajectòries més rectilínies en presència de depredadors. També ens interessava entendre els patrons de moviment de l’altre herbívor del sistema, el peix S. salpa. Els nostres resultats mostren que aquest peix herbívor presenta grans àrees de campeig i que té la capacitat de connectar hàbitats distants gràcies a la seva gran mobilitat. Alhora, les salpes mostren una gran selectivitat per l’habitat de P. oceanica, que sembla clarament preferit sobre les àrees rocoses i de sorra. Els coneixements obtinguts sobre els moviments dels eriçons i les salpes ens van permetre estudiar la influència dels atributs de paisatge en l’herbivorisme en praderes de P. oceanica. L’heterogeneïtat espacial observada en l’herbivorisme és produïda, possiblement, per la interacció entre la mobilitat dels dos herbívors principals del sistema (garotes i salpes), la configuració del paisatge i el risc de depredació. Finalment, vam poder comprovar que les diferències de comportament observades entre els dos herbívors estudiats van implicar respostes dispars de les dues espècies davant una tempesta extrema, cosa que pot ser crítica pel manteniment de les funcions ecosistèmiques. En conjunt, estem convençuts que la unió dels punts de vista que aporten l’ecologia del comportament i l’ecologia del paisatge poden resultar en una millor i més completa comprensió de funcions ecològiques com l’herbivorisme, en les quals almenys dues espècies interaccionen incloses en un paisatge determinat.
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Roca, Carceller Guillem. "Tracking environmental change in seagrass meadows: understanding indicator behaviour across space and time." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325415.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nearshore marine ecosystems like seagrass meadows face a wide range of anthropogenic influences, impacting the system at different spatial and temporal scales. Managing these systems in the face of these pressures requires detailed knowledge of how seagrass habitats respond to these various threats. A plethora of useful indicators have been developed to help managers and policy makers track seagrass meadow health and status, detect environmental impacts or measure the effectiveness of management interventions. However, choosing between these indicators can often be a daunting task since they vary considerably in their overall behaviour in relation to ecosystem and environmental changes. This thesis assesses the most commonly employed seagrass indicators to determine if they are adequate and appropriate to the specific needs of coastal ecosystem management. This assessment is based on evaluating three fundamental characteristics of each indicator – the robustness of its response, the specificity or generality of its response, and the time of response. We use a variety of complementary approaches to explore indicator behaviour. In Chapter 3, we use field-based studies to assess how seagrass indicators respond to the construction of a breakwater in the vicinity of a Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadow. Chapters 4 and 5 examine long-term trends in seagrass indicators to improving water quality conditions after significant regional management interventions. In addition, in Chapter 6, we comprehensively review seagrass indicator responses to multiple stressors. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 focus largely on the Catalan Coast in the Mediterranean with Posidonia oceanica as a target species. Chapter 6 in contrast is a broad review of a wide range of indicators used across several seagrass species worldwide. A central learning across these studies was that the level of biological organisation of the indicator (i.e. Physiological, biochemical, growth, morphological, structural or demographic) is critical in determining the specificity or generality of response: the lower the level (e.g. biochemical), the most specific the response, while the higher the level (e.g. population, community), the wider the response. Thus, biochemical indicators are ideal to determine the identity or even the origin of a pressure while structural indicators, in contrast, are useful as generic indicators of declining conditions. Response times are also heavily determined by the level of organisation, particularly in the detection of improving environmental quality along the Catalan coast. Biochemical indicators responded unequivocally to water quality improvements observed both in the experimental field study (Chapter 3) as well as in the analysis of the long-term data series (Chapters 4 and 5). The meta-analysis confirmed that these trends in specificity and response time were not unique to Posidonia oceanica or the Catalan coast and highlighted the critical role of plant size in determining indicator time responses. Large species take considerably longer to register a response to environmental degradation as well as improvement – a critical factor that needs to be accounted for in designing monitoring programmes and interpreting ecosystem trends. Taken together, these results suggest that differences in the behaviour of seagrass indicators require that they should be carefully selected to match the objectives of management. Based on the results reported in this thesis, where different sets of indicators have been proven successful for given management objectives, we finally develop a simple decision tree to help managers chose the most reliable sets of indicators matching their objectives. Understanding the diversity of responses that seagrass indicators display can make them a powerful set of tools in the ecosystem manager’s toolkit. Carefully employed, they can serve as bespoke solutions to a wide range of management objectives as we seek to monitor and protect these vital ecosystems and coastal water quality in the face of increasing coastal pressures.Entendre com responen les fanerògames marines a les pressions, és clau per a poder gestionar tant els herbeis com les aigües costaneres. Actualment, disposem d’un gran nombre d’indicadors basats en fanerògames marines. Però, la manca d’informació sobre com responen als canvis ambientals, fa que no sigui fàcil escollir quins indicadors són els més adients per a cada tipus i objectiu de gestió. Aquesta tesi avalua les tres característiques bàsiques de la resposta dels indicadors més utilitzats als canvis ambientals: la robustesa de la resposta, la especificitat dels indicadors a diferents pressions i el temps de resposta. Per analitzar aquestes tres característiques, fem servir diferents aproximacions complementàries. Al capítol 3, analitzem la resposta de diferents indicadors a les obres d’ampliació del port de Blanes, situat just al costat d’un herbei de Posidonia oceanica. Als capítols 4 i 5, estudiem com responen els indicadors a la millora de la qualitat de l’aigua a la costa catalana. Finalment, al capítol 6, presentem una metaanàlisi que estudia com responen els indicadors a diferents factors d’estrès. De totes tres aproximacions, hem pogut comprovar que el nivell d’organització dels indicadors (i.e. bioquímic, estructural) és clau a l’hora de determinar el grau d’especificitat de la resposta dels indicadors a les pressions: generalment, a més baix nivell d’organització (e.g. bioquímic), més específica és la resposta i com més alt (e.g. demogràfic), més ampli és el rang de pressions que un indicador pot detectar. El temps de resposta dels indicadors varia també en funció del nivell d’organització dels indicadors, especialment, quan es tracta de la detecció de millores ambientals. A més a més, la metaanàlisi destaca la importància de la mida de les plantes per determinar el temps de resposta. Les espècies grans triguen més a detectar la degradació de les condicions ambientals i, molt més, a detectar la millora, especialment, si s’utilitzen indicadors estructurals o demogràfics. Basant-nos en els resultats d’aquesta tesi, hem elaborat un esquema per ajudar els gestors a escollir el conjunt d’indicadors que més s’ajusti a cada objectiu de gestió. Utilitzats correctament, aquests indicadors són molt útils per fer el seguiment, tant de l’estat de salut dels herbeis, com de la qualitat del medi.
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Garcia, Forner Núria. "Understanding the mechanisms of drought-induced mortality in trees." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/381267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les plantes estan exposades a diversos estressos ambientals incloent la sequera i temperatures extremes els quals poden limitar el seu creixement i supervivència. La disponibilitat d'aigua es considera el principal factor limitant per a la productivitat vegetal. Les plantes presenten una sèrie d'estratègies per fer front a la sequera i mantenir un balanç hídric adequat entre les quals s'inclouen modificacions de l'àrea foliar, control estomàtic, canvis en l'assignació de biomassa, modificacions del balanç de carboni font/embornal, i la resistència a l'embolisme del xilema. Tot i així, la mortalitat forestal induïda per sequera és un fenomen generalitzat, amb grans implicacions a nivell d'ecosistema, i s'espera que incrementi degut a l'augment dels episodis de sequera com a resultat de les condicions de canvi climàtic actuals. Entendre com la complexa xarxa de trets que presenten les plantes implicats en la resistència a la sequera determina la seva supervivència tant a nivell d'espècie com d'individu és fonamental per avaluar la vulnerabilitat de la vegetació actual als canvis del clima, i l’impacte potencial en el serveis ecosistèmics.
Al 2008, McDowell et al. varen sintetitzar els mecanismes de mortalitat induïda per sequera en un marc hidràulic coherent i senzill. La seva hipòtesi incloïa dos mecanismes fisiològics, no excloents, com a principals causants de la mortalitat d'arbres induïda per sequera: la fallida hidràulica i l’exhauriment de carboni. La fallida hidràulica és el punt en que el transport d'aigua de tota la planta queda bloquejat per cavitació com a resultat de tensions crítiques al xilema. L'exhauriment de carboni és la situació en que el subministrament de carboni provinent de la fotosíntesi, d'estocs de carboni o d'autofàgia no satisfà les necessitats metabòliques mínimes. En aquest marc, la preponderància d'un o altre mecanisme depèn de la intensitat i duració de la sequera, així com de la capacitat de les plantes per regular el seu potencial hídric (Ψw). Les especies isohídriques serien més vulnerables a l'exhauriment de carboni degut a un tancament estomàtic més ràpid per tal de mantenir el Ψw relativament constant (i evitar l'embolisme), mentre que les especies anisohídriques serien més susceptibles a la fallida hidràulica a mesura que el sòl s'asseca ja que operen amb marges de seguretat hidràulica més estrets degut als seus Ψw més negatius.
El marc previ es centra en el comportament estomàtic sense tenir en compte la plètora de trets que també intervenen en resposta a la sequera. A més a més, els estomes responen a altres factors a banda del Ψw, i és per això que assumir que la regulació iso/anisohídrica del Ψw és capaç d’explicar completament el comportament estomàtic pot ser enganyós. Per aquest motiu, els principals objectius d’aquesta tesi foren: (2) determinar si les diferències en la regulació estomàtica entre especies estan relacionades amb comportaments iso/anisohídrics i com s’associen aquests als distints mecanismes de mortalitat en condicions de sequera, escalfament o ambdós factors; (2) testar les assumpcions que relacionen comportaments anisohídrics amb majors conductàncies estomàtiques i marges de seguretat hidràulica més amplis; i (3) comprendre com i en quina mesura expliquen els trets morfològics i fisiològics, així com la seva plasticitat, el temps fins la mort en resposta a la sequera dins d’espècie.
Per abordar els objectius (1) i (2) vàrem estudiar dos sistemes models amb contrastada vulnerabilitat a l’embolisme entre espècies: la formació boscosa piñon-juniper i l’alzinar Mediterrani. En ambdós casos vàrem comparar les respostes a la sequera entre espècies isohídriques (Pinus edulis i Quercus ilex) i espècies anisohídriques (Juniperus monosperma i Phillyrea latifolia), fent èmfasi en la regulació estomàtica i l’economia de l’aigua i el carboni. En aquestes especies, observem que un comportament més anisohídric no es tradueix necessàriament amb menor sensitivitat estomàtica al Ψw i, per tant, amb major taxa d’embolisme. De la mateixa manera, una major regulació del Ψw (comportament isohídric) no s’associa amb un tancament estomàtic més ràpid en condicions de sequera ni tampoc amb majors limitacions de carboni. Ambdós estudis desafien les idees previes i adverteixen de la confusió que pot generar l’associació directa de la iso/anisohidria amb un comportament estomàtic contrastat i els mecanismes de mortalitat. A nivell d’individu en Pinus sylvestris (3), mantenir activa l’adquisició de carboni i els estocs de carboni per sobre d’un nivell crític fou clau per perllongar la supervivència front a una sequera extrema, fins i tot a costa de majors pèrdues d’aigua. Una completa integració de l’economia del carboni i l’aigua és el repte per poder avançar en el coneixement de les respostes de les plantes a la sequera i els mecanismes de mortalitat.Plants are exposed to several environmental stressors including drought and extreme temperatures that can limit their growth and survival. Water availability is considered the main limiting factor for plant productivity. Plants display a plethora of strategies to cope with drought and maintain an adequate water balance, including modifications of the leaf area, stomatal control, changes in biomass allocation, modifications of source/sink carbon balance, and resistance to xylem embolism. Despite this, drought-induced forest mortality is a widespread phenomenon with potentially large ecosystem-level implications and is expected to increase due to increasing drought events as a result of ongoing climate change. Understanding how the complex network of traits involved in drought resistance determine species’ or individuals’ to survive drought is critical to assess the vulnerability of current vegetation to changes in climate and the potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and services. In 2008, McDowell et al. summarized drought-induced mortality mechanisms in a coherent and simple hydraulic framework. They hypothesized two main, non-exclusive physiological mechanisms leading to plant death under drought: hydraulic failure and carbon starvation. Hydraulic failure is the point at which whole-plant water transport becomes blocked due to excessive cavitation resulting from critical tensions in the xylem. Carbon starvation is the situation in which carbon supply from photosynthesis, carbon stocks or autophagy fails to meet the minimum metabolic needs. According to this framework, the preponderance of one or the other mechanism depends on the drought intensity and duration and plants' ability to regulate their water potential (Ψw). Isohydric species might be more vulnerable to carbon starvation due to earlier stomatal closure to maintain relatively constant Ψw (and avoid embolism), while anisohydric species would be more susceptible to hydraulic failure as soil dries as they operate with narrow hydraulic safety margins due to their lower Ψw. The previous framework is centered on stomatal behavior, regardless of the plethora of traits involved in plant drought responses. In addition, stomata respond to several factors besides Ψw, hence assuming that iso/anisohydric regulation of Ψw is able to fully explain stomatal behavior may be misleading. For these reasons, the main objectives in this thesis were to: (1) determine if differences in stomatal regulation between species relate to iso/anisohydric behaviors and how these are associated to different mortality mechanisms under drought, warming or both; (2) test the assumptions that relate anisohydric behaviors with higher stomatal conductances and longer periods of carbon uptake under drought, and isohydric behaviors with stronger stomatal control and wider hydraulic safety margins; and (3) understand how morphological and physiological traits and their plasticity in response to drought explain, and to what extent, time until death within species. To address targets (1) and (2) we studied two reference models with contrasted drought-vulnerability between species: piñon-juniper and holm oak systems. In both cases, we compared drought responses between isohydric (Pinus edulis and Quercus ilex) and anisohydric species (Juniperus mosperma and Phillyrea latifolia), emphasizing stomatal regulation and carbon and water economies. In these species, we provided evidence that more anisohydric behavior is not necessarily related with looser stomatal responses to Ψw and, thus, with higher levels of xylem embolism. Likewise, stronger regulation of Ψw (isohydric behavior) was neither associated with earlier stomatal closure under drought nor with higher carbon constrains. Both studies challenge widespread notions and warn against linking iso/anisohydry with contrasted stomatal behaviors and mortality mechanisms. At the tree level (3), sustaining carbon uptake and carbon stocks above some critical level was the key factor prolonging survival under extreme drought, even at expenses of higher water losses. Fully integrating carbon and water economies is the key challenge to advance our understanding of drought responses and mortality mechanisms in plants.
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Alós, Crespí Josep. "Selection drivers of life-history traits in marine coastal fishes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123496.
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Humans can induce contemporary evolution through harvesting wild animals. This thesis provides evidence of this process for recreational fishing at surprisingly small geographical scales. Marine fish populations are characterized by high variability in heritable individual life‐history traits which are exposed to biased fishing mortality. The life histories strategies of actual populations, which collectively reduce adult body size, mirror such biased mortality in populations exposed to limited gene flow. Because the relationship between life history and behaviour, it is very likely that fishing also induces adaptive responses in behavioural traits. Due the potential negative effects of fishing selection the productivity and quality of the fishery, this thesis recommend considering the evolutionary impacts of fishing in the management plans of species exploited by the recreational fishingEl humans poden produir evolució contemporània a través de la recol∙lecció de animals salvatges. Aquesta tesis proporciona evidencies d’aquest procés per la pesca recreativa a una sorprenent escala espacial petita. Les poblacions marines de peixos tenen una alta variabilitat individual en caràcters heretables de la història exposada a una mortalitat selectiva per pesca. Les estratègies vitals de les poblacions actuals de peixos costaners, les quals conjuntament produeixin una reducció en la mida del individu, són el reflexa d’aquesta pesca selectiva en poblacions amb baixa connectivitat. Degut a la correlació entre història vital i comportament, la pesca pot induir també respostes adaptatives en cert caràcters comportamentals. Considerant els efectes negatius de la selecció per pesca en la productivitat i la qualitat de les pesqueries, aquesta tesis recomana considerar els possibles efectes evolutius produïts per la pesca en les estratègies de gestió d’espècies explotades per la pesca recreativa.
El hombre puede producir evolución contemporánea por la recolección de animales salvajes. La presente tesis proporciona evidencias de este proceso por la pesca recreativa en una sorprendente escala espacial pequeña. Las poblaciones de peces marinos presentan una alta variabilidad en caracteres heredables de la historia vital expuesta a mortalidad selectiva por pesca. Las estrategias vitales de las poblaciones actuales de los peces costeros, las cuales conjuntamente producen una reducción en el tamaño del individuo, son el reflejo de esta mortalidad selectiva en poblaciones con baja conectividad. Debido a la relación entre historia vital y comportamiento, la pesca puede también inducir cambios adaptativos en ciertos rasgos de comportamiento. Considerando los efectos negativos de la selección por pesca en al productividad y calidad de la pesquería, esta tesis recomienda considerara los posibles efectos evolutivos inducidos por la pesca en la estrategias de gestión de especies explotadas por la pesca recreativa.
Книги з теми "General Ecological Behaviour"
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Wolter, Frank. Koordination im internationalen Umweltmanagement: Dargestellt an Beispielen aus der Automobilindustrie. Bern: Peter Lang International Academic Publishers, 2018.
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Wolter, Frank. Koordination im internationalen Umweltmanagement: Dargestellt an Beispielen aus der Automobilindustrie. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2002.
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M, Lakey Berit, ed. Grassroots and nonprofit leadership: A guide for organizations in changing times. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 1995.
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4
(Editor), R. H. Smith, and R. M. Sibly (Editor), eds. Behavioural Ecology: Ecological Consequences of Adaptive Behaviour (Symposium of the British Ecological Society). 3rd ed. Blackwell Science, 1985.
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Cho, Wendy Tam, and Charles F. Manski. Cross‐Level/Ecological Inference. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0024.
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This article reports the main methodological approaches to the statistical problem. It describes the fundamental indeterminacy of the problem. It also provides a framework that coherently binds the variety of approaches that have been proposed to address this problem. Then, an overview of these various approaches and their respective contributions are mentioned. The ecological inference problem within the literature of partial identification and the recent work generalizing the use of logical bounds on possible solutions as an identification region for the general r × c problem are explained. It finally covers some admonitions about this fascinating problem that has enthralled decades of scholars from varied disciplines. The analysis by Duncan and Davis made clear that aggregate data only partially reveal the structure of individual behaviour. However, their contribution has largely been viewed as limited and an appreciation for the idea of bounds or an identification region has yet to fully emerge.
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Wolter, Frank. Koordination Im Internationalen Umweltmanagement: Dargestellt an Beispielen Aus der Automobilindustrie. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2018.
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7
Houston, Alasdair I., and John M. McNamara. Models of Adaptive Behaviour: An Approach Based on State. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
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Houston, Alasdair I., and John M. McNamara. Models of Adaptive Behaviour: An Approach Based on State. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
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Hall, Peter A., Geoffrey T. Fong, and Cassandra J. Lowe. Affective Dynamics in Temporal Self-Regulation Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499037.003.0006.
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Affective experiences are part of our everyday life, but do they influence health-related decisions and behaviors in a systematic way? Temporal self-regulation theory (TST) posits that health behaviors are a joint function of neurobiologically rooted executive control processes, prepotency, and intentions. The relative weights of these in turn depend largely on the ecological context in which the behaviors are being performed. On the surface, then, TST is a model of health behavior that relies predominantly on social-cognitive and neurocognitive constructs to explain health behavior trajectories. For this reason, it appears to not deal directly with the topic of affect in general, and emotion more specifically. However, there are several facets of the TST model that involve these processes, or are heavily influenced by them. This chapter discusses each of the primary points of intersection between affective processes and constructs within TST.
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Lakey, George, Rod Napier, and Berit Lakey. Grassroots and Nonprofit Leadership: A Guide for Organizations in Changing Times. Lulu Press, Inc., 2016.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "General Ecological Behaviour"
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Kar, Sırrı, and Aysen Gargili Keles. "Possible direct and human-mediated impact of climate change on tick populations in Turkey." In Climate, ticks and disease, 115–24. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249637.0017.
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Abstract This chapter provides an introduction on the basic geographical, ecological and climate characteristics of Turkey as well as general information (such as host, life cycle) on the tick fauna in the country. It also discusses the possible direct and human-mediated impact of climatic change on the biology, ecology, behaviour and prevalence of tick populations in Turkey, with emphasis on Hyalomma marginatum, H. rufipes, H. aegyptium, H. excavatum, H. anatolicum, H. scupense, Boophilus (Rhipicephalus) annulatus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, R. sanguineus, R. bursaIxodes, Ixodes ricinus, Haemaphysalis spp. and Dermacentor spp.
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Hadler, Markus, Beate Klösch, Stephan Schwarzinger, Markus Schweighart, Rebecca Wardana, and David Neil Bird. "Measuring Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors." In Surveying Climate-Relevant Behavior, 15–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85796-7_2.
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AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the theoretical approaches to environmental attitudes and behaviors. It includes a discussion of different scales and surveys used in other programs with a focus on this topic. Scales measuring general environmental behavior, just like items in surveys, tend to focus on behavioral intentions and are correlated with environmentally friendly attitudes. In contrast, emission-related behavior depends more on context and socio-demographic characteristics and is rarely asked in surveys. Gaps frequently occur between environmental attitudes and general behaviors—the value-action gap—and between environmental behaviors and the actual ecological consequences of actions—the behavior-impact gap. Finally, previous results and problems encountered in the validation of self-reports on environmental behavior are highlighted.
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Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N., and Benno I. Simmons. "Restoration of pollination interactions in communities invaded by non-native plants." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 377–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0377.
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Abstract Invasive plant species degrade and homogenize ecosystems worldwide, thereby altering ecosystem processes and function. To mitigate and reverse the impact of invasive plants on pollination, a key ecosystem function, conservation scientists and practitioners restore ecological communities and study the impact of such management interventions on plant-pollinator communities. Here, we describe opportunities and challenges associated with restoring pollination interactions as part of a holistic ecosystem-based restoration approach. We introduce a few general concepts in restoration ecology, and outline best planning and evaluation practices of restoring pollination interactions on the community level. Planning involves the selection of suitable plant species to support diverse pollinator communities, which includes considerations of the benefits and disadvantages of using native vs exotic, and bridge and framework plant species for restoration. We emphasize the central role of scientific- and community-level approaches for the planning phase of pollination restoration. For evaluation purposes, we argue that appropriate network indicators have the advantage of detecting changes in species behaviour with consequences for ecosystem processes and functions before these changes show up in altered species communities. Suitable network metrics may include interaction diversity and evenness, and network measures that describe the distribution of species, such as network and species-level specialization, modularity and motifs. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of the network approach in evaluating the benefits of restoration interventions for pollination interactions, and propose that applied network ecologists take a central role in transferring theory into practice.
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Schoeman, Renée P., Christine Erbe, Gianni Pavan, Roberta Righini, and Jeanette A. Thomas. "Analysis of Soundscapes as an Ecological Tool." In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 217–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_7.
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AbstractSoundscapes have been likened to acoustic landscapes, encompassing all the acoustic features of an area. The sounds that make up a soundscape can be grouped according to their source into biophony (sounds from animals), geophony (sounds from atmospheric and geophysical events), and anthropophony (sounds from human activities). Natural soundscapes have changed over time because of human activities that generate sound, alter land-use patterns, remove animals from natural settings, and result in climate change. These human activities have direct and indirect effects on animal distribution patterns and (acoustic) behavior. Consequently, current soundscapes may be very different from those a few hundred years ago. This is of concern as natural soundscapes have ecological value. Losing natural soundscapes may, therefore, result in a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The study of soundscapes can identify ecosystems undergoing change and potentially document causes (such as noise from human activities). Methods for studying soundscapes range from listening and creating visual (spectrographic) displays to the computation of acoustic indices and advanced statistical modeling. Passive acoustic recording has become an ecological tool for research, monitoring, and ultimately conservation management. This chapter introduces terrestrial and aquatic soundscapes, soundscape analysis tools, and soundscape management.
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Ueno, Yusuke, Sadahisa Kato, Tomoka Mase, Yoji Funamoto, and Keiichi Hasegawa. "Changes in the Use of Green Spaces by Citizens Before and During the First COVID-19 Pandemic: A Big Data Analysis Using Mobile-Tracking GPS Data in Kanazawa, Japan." In Ecological Research Monographs, 257–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_16.
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AbstractTo consider green spaces and parks as valuable green infrastructure that provides various socio-ecological benefits, including health, this study analyzed changes in the use of green spaces before and during the first COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, using mobile-tracking GPS data of Kanazawa citizens. The results showed that the declaration of a state of emergency in April–May 2020 changed the outing behavior of Kanazawa citizens, and there was a strong tendency for them to avoid going out, with a decrease in the number, time, and distance of outings. On the other hand, while citizens refrained from going out, the rate of decrease in the number of visits to green spaces was smaller compared to commercial areas, and the number of walks increased slightly from 2019. The distance traveled to green spaces is generally shorter in 2020, and the number of visits to green spaces near one’s home increased in 2020. These findings suggest that those who had green spaces around their homes were able to use them for maintaining their health and refreshment during the COVID-19 pandemic, adding to the increasing evidence for the value of urban green spaces as part of nature-based solutions.
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Solomon, Natalie Leah, and Vlad Manea. "Quantifying Energy and Fatigue: Classification and Assessment of Energy and Fatigue Using Subjective, Objective, and Mixed Methods towards Health and Quality of Life." In Quantifying Quality of Life, 79–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94212-0_4.
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AbstractEnergy and fatigue carry important implications for vitality and overall quality of life. Lacking energy and experiencing fatigue can be both burdensome as well as adaptive. This chapter first classifies energy and fatigue and then reviews their measurement. This chapter closes with opportunities for future directions.Energy and fatigue are present under varying conditions including in daily performance, during and after acute physical or mental strain (capacity), and in the context of chronic conditions. Energy and fatigue have been measured both subjectively and objectively. Subjective outcomes can be derived from self-reported scales and prompts; objective outcomes may be derived from performance and capacity tasks and technology-reported physiological, biological, and behavioural markers. The scales and tasks employed to measure energy have been traditionally validated but may lack daily life context and ecological validity. Prompts and behavioural monitoring methods are emerging as promising alternatives.Energy and fatigue have also been routinely monitored for specific diseases and occupations. However, fewer studies monitor healthy individuals through consumer technology in daily life contexts. More research is needed for an objective, unobtrusive, longitudinal, and contextual measurement of energy and fatigue in the healthy general population, in service of improving health, wellbeing, and quality of life.
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Caprioli, Mauro, and Claire Dupuy. "L. Levels of Analysis." In Research Methods in the Social Sciences: An A-Z of key concepts, 155–58. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0037.
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This chapter studies levels of analysis. Research in the social sciences may be interested in subjects located at different levels of analysis. The level of analysis indicates the position at which social and political phenomena are analysed within a gradual order of abstraction or aggregation that is constructed analytically. Its definition and boundaries vary across social science disciplines. In general, the micro level refers to the individual level and focuses on citizens’ attitudes or politicians’ and diplomats’ behaviour. Analyses at the meso level focus on groups and organizations, like political parties, social movements, and public administrations. The macro level corresponds to structures that are national, social, economic, cultural, or institutional — for example, countries and national or supranational political regimes. The explanandum (what research aims to account for), the explanans (the explanations), the unit of analysis, and data collection can be located at different levels. The chapter then considers two main errors commonly associated with aggregation and levels of analysis: ecological and atomistic fallacies.
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Sprinson, John, and Ken Berrick. "Ecological Intervention at the Micro Level." In Unconditional Care in Context, 146–76. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0011.
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Abstract This chapter introduces the concept of ecologically informed care, an approach to practice with individuals and families that calls attention to the multiple pathways by which ecological adversities contribute to the symptoms and behaviors of system-involved children. The chapter outlines general principles of this work and then offers a social-ecological approach to assessment that notes both process challenges and content areas that can be pursued (e.g., experiences of racism and discrimination, experiences with law enforcement, housing issues, problems paying bills, level of social connectedness). The importance of including ecological challenges in clinical formulations is stressed. Intervention is discussed in terms of working with internalized adversity, providing concrete supports, acting as a co-advocate, and listening for and amplifying narratives of agency and resilience.
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Vargas-Hernández, José G., and Jovanna Nathalie Cervantes Guzmán. "Consumer Behavior." In Customer Satisfaction and Sustainability Initiatives in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, 270–92. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1419-1.ch014.
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This chapter develops a model of the behavior of the ecological consumer to know what motivates the decision to purchase organic products in citizens 25 to 45 years old in the city of Guadalajara. The methodology used in the research is qualitative and was carried out through the non-experimental design, with respect to the data collection tool. Results of in-depth interviews support the general hypothesis related to the factors that influence the purchase decision. One of the limitations the study faced was a limited literature regarding studies involving Guadalajara.
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Vargas-Hernández, José G., Jovanna Nathalie Cervantes Guzmán, and Guillermo Vázquez-Ávila. "Consumer Behavior." In Green Marketing as a Positive Driver Toward Business Sustainability, 125–57. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9558-8.ch006.
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The objective of this chapter is to develop a model of the behavior of the ecological consumer in order to know the motivations that influence the decision to purchase organic products in citizens from 25 to 45 years of Mexico. The methodology used in the research is qualitative. It was carried out through the non-experimental design, and with respect to the data collection tool, in-depth interviews were carried out. The results obtained with respect to the factors that influence the purchase decision of the products are accepted the general hypothesis. One of the limitations that the study faced was a limited literature regarding studies related to it in the case of Mexico.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "General Ecological Behaviour"
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Konkovs, Karlis Aleksandrs, and Raimonds Ernsteins. "Municipal Lake governance Developments in Latvia: Towards Complex Approach Management Practice." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.014.
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Latvia has a significant number of lakes, even eventually more as 10 000 as they never been fully accounted, but just comparatively small number are subject to lake governance, since the entire national lake governance system is still under development and currently mostly municipalities themselves are step-wise developing and realising lake management plans, but municipal capacities vary significantly. According to EU Water framework directive, there are four river basin management systems established in Latvia, having related water and risk management documents in place, as well as, in the past decade, there have been both national and regional level planning guidelines developed for lake and river waterbodies management, but all mentioned has been not yet utilized in local practice, having some legal responsibilities’ and admin capacities’ deficiencies. Despite this, there has been seen slow improvement of the water quality and socio-economic usage of lakes, but more in the lake management practice is to be done, accounting also for climate change. The goal of this research was to study the municipal level lake management practice developments, applying general research-and-development (R&D) framework approach and researching particularly the status and development trends of the three governance’s dimensions’ employment – governance content by socio-ecological system (SES) approach, governance segments as for main stakeholders’ involvement and participation, as well as, the set of governance instruments, especially, institutional/administrative ones. There were chosen pilot municipalities, having diverse and successful lake management approaches utilised, and, for the first study stage, document analysis and semi-structured interviews with related municipal specialists were done, using case study research (CSR) methodology application. There were recognized five lake management approaches, even in most municipalities in Latvia, particularly in rural ones, lake management is traditionally done by the scarce municipal territory administrative units and Utilities departments/services, and, only limited number of municipalities, also particularly studied, have developed and are employing for lake management also nature resource/environmental departments, while only in few municipalities there are established special municipal lake management agencies. Promising looks NGO sector management approach used by some municipalities, both top-down either bottom-up establishment chosen to apply, but as most perspective could be recognised complex approach (cross-sector) management practice, where most or all above mentioned approaches are combined and complementary supporting each other, within particular municipality. All studied municipalities possess certain lake management success stories, to be studied further in very detail, however, in general, there is to be seen still limited understanding and utilisation of the SES approach, also still potential of various stakeholder’s involvement and pro-active development of all complementary governance instruments, even many of instruments are available in studied municipalities, but lake communication instruments (information, education/training, participation and lake-friendly behaviour) are mostly underdeveloped.
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Maganov, I., Evgeniy Tihonov, and V. Syunev. "ECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF WOOD CHIPS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT." In Ecological and resource-saving technologies in science and technology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/erstst2021_139-144.
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In the current energy environment, with an expected increase in energy consumption in the face of depletion of fossil fuel reserves, more attention is being paid to renewable energy sources for electricity generation. One of the most attractive alternatives is biomass, which can be effectively used to generate electricity, as well as heat using cogeneration technologies that increase the efficiency of the entire energy conversion process. The North-western region of the Russian Federation is a region with recognized potential for electricity and heat production, using primary forest biomass and waste from the forest industry, among which wood chips are distinguished for their ease of obtaining, processing and drying, as well as for their good and stable behavior during combustion or gasification. However, in order to use the available resources efficiently, that is, to minimize the material and technical requirements to reduce the energy required for the electricity generation process, biomass obtained in the conditions of logging enterprises must be used locally in order to comply with sustainable forest management methods. This article is aimed at describing various technological alternatives for converting wood chips into electricity and heat, as well as comparing these technologies for use in logging enterprises.
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Oechsner, Matthias, Marius Siebers, Georg Andersohn, Jörg Ellermeier, Kirsten Bobzin, Lidong Zhao, Mehmet Öte, and Tim Königstein. "Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Thermally Sprayed FeCrMnBC Coatings for Pump Parts." In ITSC2018, edited by F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Li, T. Eden, K. Shinoda, T. Hussain, F. L. Toma, Y. C. Lau, and J. Veilleux. ASM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2018p0774.
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Abstract Especially for industrial applications like pumps, mining or off shore industries, where high demands on the abrasive properties of the materials are required, thermal sprayed Fe-based coatings become increasingly important. Novel FeCrMnBC alloys, which have economic and ecological advantages compared to Ni-based or Co-based coatings, are in the focus of this work. In order to produce adequate coatings with a three-cathode plasma torch, different powder fractions (-45+20 μm, -25+10 μm) and varying chemical composition of FeCrMnBC coatings have been investigated and compared with respect to corrosion, abrasion, and erosion properties. In case of wear reduction, selected coatings were additionally subsequent plasma nitrided to study the effect of this treatment on coating morphology and microstructure. The corrosion and tribological behavior were investigated by means of current/density potential curve measurements and ball-on-disc experiments in view of wear morphologies. Erosion-corrosion behavior has been investigated in a pump test rig with 10 wt.-% solid content of corundum in artificial sea water. In general, samples with small powder fractions exhibit accelerated corrosion and decreased erosion behavior, based on their microstructural characteristics. Plasma nitrided coatings show a decrease in corrosion and erosion resistance, which is presumably due to partial formation of chromium carbide in the coatings. Based on the results, the advantages and disadvantages of FeCrMnBC coatings for the application as wear and corrosion protection of complex pump parts are discussed with respect to varied parameters.
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Podina, Ioana, Ana Toma, and Anamaria Cosmoiu. "RATIONALE AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PROOF OF CONCEPT GAMIFIED MHEALTH ATTENTION TRAINING APP TOWARDS HEALTHY FOOD CUES." In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among the factors shown to influence patterns in food consumption, attentional biases toward food cues have been found to play an important role in the maintenance of maladaptive eating behaviors, such as emotional eating, overeating or eating in the absence of hunger. As such, attention bias modification interventions have traditionally focused on retraining attention away from food towards neutral stimuli. However, recent theoretical upgrades and empirical findings highlight that maladaptive eating habits are not only associated with biases towards food in general, but particularly to biases towards unhealthy, calorie-dense foods. More specifically, individuals showing maladaptive eating patterns have a higher tendency to automatically turn their attention towards unhealthy food cues in their environment and to perceive them as being more salient. Thus, a more theoretically sound and ecologically valid aim of attention bias modification interventions is to retrain attention away from unhealthy food cues towards healthier ones in a computerised manner. The current study presents the theoretical rationale and the development of SANATENT, a gamified mHealth attentional bias modification intervention, designed to curb unhealthy eating habits and promote the consumption of healthy food. Within the intervention, a minimum of two and a maximum of six food images appear concurrently on the screen, with a single food item representing a healthy choice. Users are instructed to choose the correct image as fast and as accurately as possible, thus prompting them to ignore the unhealthy food options. SANATENT is envisioned to alter users' attentional biases in their ecological environment, thus being suited to function as either a stand-alone intervention or as a therapeutic adjuvant. Moreover, the application is based on gamification principles of learning, making it more appealing to use and potentially facilitating adherence to treatment. Practical and theoretical implications, as well as directions for future studies will be discussed.
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Antonache, Andra laura, Daniel Rosner, and Andrei Cociorba. "A GAMIFICATION BASED APPROACH FOR USERS' BEHAVIOR CHANGE TOWARDS POWER CONSUMPTION REDUCTION." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To be able to sustain the ever-expanding energy requirements of our society, changes are needed both in regards to the sources of energy, but also regarding the reduction of waste through public awareness and involvement. The concepts of smart grids and smart meters are hot topics due to the provem improvements they offer and even applications dedicated to the end user offering generic energy-reduction advice have been proven to lead to change in the user's behaviour. The availability of energy consumption information specific to each appliance is necessary to be able to draw clear conclusions, to formulate practical recommendations and to design action points. These suggestions can be integrated in game-like applications that motivate users to engage and reduce their consumption. We propose a device that is able to separate the energy consumption of each appliance in a house by disaggregating data collected when attached to the power meter. There already are successful gamified energy monitoring solutions, but this device will offer granulated data that will elevate the level by offering exact, individual, clear action points. Furthermore, atomized information about the electric consumption of each appliance provides a method for accurate tracking of the results - making available not only the overall efficiency, but also enabling the automatic check of how many suggestions the user followed, how much improvement one has done and quantifying these to obtain the metrics for success and to be able to follow a real-life progress path without user input. The interest of the public in ecological, environmental issues is rising, but understanding the impact of every-day actions on our electrical fingerprint is difficult without field knowledge or a monitoring method. Our solution is meant to both empower the public to make informed decisions and to quantify their progress to enhance the drive and motivation through gamification methods.
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Hanzl, Malgorzata, Lia Maria Dias Bezerra, Anna Aneta Tomczak, and Robert Warsza. "A quest to quantify urban sustainability. Assessing incongruous growth." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban planners, politicians and citizens need comprehensive and clear information in order to conduct or get involved into successful evidence based planning and policy making. The objective to improve the quality of planning outcomes both at the local and regional level necessitates in creation of design mechanisms which could help planners verify and support their approach with quantitative analyses and simulation tools. While this sort of problems has already been explored for a while, with an abundant literature on the topic, there still remains a lot to say, especially when it comes to evaluation of plans, such as local plans of urban development, general plans, studies for the municipalities or larger, inter-municipal associations. Along with the implementation of INSPIRE Directive in Europe, data for these analyses, so far patchy and incomplete, becomes slowly but progressively available. The use of quantitative analyses may refer to several aspects of physical form, such as connectivity, continuity of ecological systems, conciseness of built structures and urban boundary, analyses of the morphology of urban tissue, etc. Completed with the qualitative description and enriched with the socio-cultural preconditions assessment they may give a comprehensive picture both of the current and the planned state. The current paper presents an experience of mapping typologies of residential structures in the settlements neighbouring Lodz, Poland, with the objective to assess the existing densities and planned development capacities against the backdrop of demographic dynamics in these region.References Berghauser-Pont, M. and Haupt, P. (2010) Space, Density and Urban Form (Technische Universiteit Delft, Delft). Faludi, A. and Waterhout, B. (2006) ‘Introducing Evidence-Based Planning’, disP Plan. Rev. 165, pp.4–13. Laconte, P. (2016) ‘Introduction: assessing the assessments’, in Laconte, P. and Gossop, C. (eds.) Sustainable Cities. Assessing the Performance and Practice of Urban Environments. (I.B. Tauris, London, New York) 1–14. Newman, P. and Kenworthy, J. (1999) Sustainability and cities: overcoming automobile dependence (University of Chicago Press, Chicago). Rapoport, A. (1975) ‘Toward a Redefinition of Density’, Environment and Behavior 7(2), 133–158.
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Skejic, Renato, and Egil Jullumstrø. "Power Performance and Environmental Footprint of High-Speed Vessels in Calm Deep Water." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reports a theoretical study of the power performance and environmental footprint of high-speed vessels in calm deep water, paying particular attention to a high-speed catamaran cargo vessel Faltinsen [1]. The power analysis uses a modified version of the method of Doctors and Day [2]. One modification to their approach is that the wave resistance and free surface wave profiles, have been numerically predicted using two different linear potential flow field theories; Michell thin-ship theory (Yeung and Wan [3]) and the 3D Rankine panel method (Hess and Smith [4]), respectively. We have based the latter method on the combination of the Dawson [5] upstream finite difference operator and the ‘staggered grid’ technique (Jensen et al. [6]). In addition, this paper shows how the viscosity effects modeled on the free surface layer influence the behavior of the wave resistance curves as predicted by Michell’s thin ship theory. This was done by adopting the approaches described by Tuck [7] and Lazauskas [8]. The wave resistance models were verified and validated using the examples of Wigley monohull (Lazauskas [8], Tarafder and Suzuki [9]) and catamaran (Yeung and Wan [3], Tarafder and Suzuki [10]) analytical forms, as well as on the Tuck parabolic strut (Tuck [7]). Furthermore, the resistance models were extended using free surface profile estimates at selected Froude numbers and applied to the case of a high-speed catamaran cargo vessel. The numerical results obtained were compared with published results and their accuracy and application feasibility is discussed from the perspective of preliminary high-speed vessel design. Based on the discussion above, suitable wave resistance models were selected and combined with the modified Doctors and Day [2] method giving the total resistance of the high-speed catamaran cargo vessel in the interval of Froude numbers. Having the estimates of total resistance, enables the effective power to be found. The results were compared with known results and were found to be in good agreement. Through combination of the effective power and propulsion factors, the brake power of the generic propulsion system is predicted. Taking into account the type of vessel being analyzed, the most common type of the propulsion diesel engine was selected. Finally, knowing the indicative environmental footprint of the selected engine, emission levels of Green House Gases (GHG) and solid particles were obtained. The emission results are further discussed in an ecologically friendly high-speed vessel design perspective (IMO [11, 19]).