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Статті в журналах з теми "Gardens Australia Design"
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Mahmoudi Farahani, Leila, Cecily Maller, and Kath Phelan. "Private Gardens as Urban Greenspaces: Can They Compensate for Poor Greenspace Access in Lower Socioeconomic Neighbourhoods?" Landscape Online 59 (May 18, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201859.
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The increasing process of urbanisation has major implications for the environment, biodiversity, and health and well-being of urban residents. Empirical evidence for urban greening benefits suggests that it is an appropriate planning and policy approach for tackling some of the problems associated with urbanisation, including biodiversity loss and heat island effects. Gardens on private residential lots represent a substantial proportion of greenspaces in low density cities with extensive suburban areas. Drawing on a qualitative study of residents in Sunshine North, Melbourne, Australia, this paper discusses three questions about the relationship of private gardens to public greenspaces:1) how does residents’ use of private gardens impact their use of other neighbourhood greenspaces;2) can private gardens address inequality of access to greenspaces in lower income neighbourhoods; and,3) what does this imply for planning and neighbourhood design?Contrary to previous research, the findings did not show a meaningful relationship between residents’ use of their gardens and local greenspaces, and further, that large yards and gardens do not substitute for poor access to local greenspaces. The paper concludes that policy makers and planners cannot assume private gardens and public greenspaces are interchangeable. While private gardens and local greenspaces can both provide positive benefits to residents, private gardens do not act as a substitute for local greenspaces in neighbourhoods of varying socio-economic status.
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S. Gnanamanickam, Emmanuel, Suzanne M. Dyer, Rachel Milte, Enwu Liu, Julie Ratcliffe, and Maria Crotty. "Clustered domestic model of residential care is associated with better consumer rated quality of care." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 31, no. 6 (August 28, 2018): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzy181.
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Abstract Objective To compare consumer rated quality of care among individuals living long-term in homelike clustered domestic and standard models of residential care in Australia. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Seventeen residential aged care facilities in four Australian states providing alternative models of care. Study participants A sample of individuals with high prevalence of cognitive impairment living in residential care for 12 months or longer, not immediately in palliative care and having a proxy available to provide consent and assist with data collection. Of 901 eligible participants, 541 consented and participated in the study. Main outcome measure Consumer rated quality of care was measured using the Consumer Choice Index–6 Dimension instrument (CCI-6D) providing a preference weighted summary score ranging from 0 to 1. The six dimensions of care time, shared-spaces, own-room, outside and gardens, meaningful activities and care flexibility were individually evaluated. Results Overall consumer rated quality of care (Mean ∆: 0.138, 95% CI 0.073–0.203 P < 0.001) was higher in clustered domestic models after adjusting for potential confounders. Individually, the dimensions of access to outside and gardens (P < 0.001) and flexibility of care (P < 0.001) were rated significantly better compared to those living in standard model of care. Conclusions Homelike, clustered domestic models of care are associated with better consumer rated quality of care, specifically the domains of access to outdoors and care flexibility, in a sample of individuals with cognitive impairment. Including consumer views on quality of care is feasible and should be standard in future evaluations of residential care.
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H. Kelly, Andrew. "Amenity enhancement and biodiversity conservation in Australian suburbia." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 6, no. 1/2 (April 8, 2014): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-05-2013-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically explore the historical background and current approach of the most common statutory instrument to maintain green landscapes in private residential gardens in cities and townships in suburban New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Design/methodology/approach – The narrative presents a transdisciplinary study. While its emphasis is on law and town planning, it also encompasses local government and legal history while touching upon environmental management and ecological science. This panoply of areas reflects the sheer complexity of the topic. While the presentation is initially descriptive, it moves on to a critique of the NSW Government's recent statutory approach. Findings – The paper demands that further attention must be paid to improving the design and architecture of statutory plans and underlying policies to not only improve urban biodiversity but also retain, as far as practicable, the visual beauty of the suburban landscape. This means reliance on local government to devise their own acceptable approaches. Flexibility rather than rigidity is warranted. Originality/value – The amount of scholarly material on this topic is relatively rare. The majority of information relies on excellent on-ground research and experience on the part of local experts, namely council employees and consultants. Academic and practical material must be drawn together to improve biodiversity conservation at both the local and regional spheres.
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Pethybridge, S. J., C. R. Wilson, and G. W. Leggett. "Incidence and effects of viruses on production of two newly adopted hop (Humulus lupulus) cultivars in Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 7 (2004): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04025.
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The incidence and spread of Hop latent virus (HpLV), Hop mosaic virus (HpMV), and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) in nurseries and gardens established with elite material (certified free of HpLV, HpMV, and ApMV by serological testing), and the effect of these viruses on production of 2 newly adopted hop (Humulus lupulus) cultivars were assessed in Tasmania, Australia. Infection by HpLV in Agate was associated with significant losses in dry cone yield of 40–70% compared with the yield of elite plants. Infection by HpLV in Agate was also associated with a 44% reduction in alpha acid levels and the cohumulone proportion of the alpha acids. However, in the second year, no significant reductions in levels of alpha acid and beta acid contents, or in the ratio of alpha to beta acids were detected. Plants infected by HpLV were also significantly shorter than elite plants in both seasons. No significant effects on growth or yield were detected for HpMV in Agate or for any of the virus combinations tested in Super Pride. The incidences and spread of HpLV, HpMV, and ApMV were consistently higher in Agate than in Super Pride and the incidences of all these viruses were higher at Forrester River than at Bushy Park and Gunns Plains. The presence of viruses in nurseries containing material propagated from elite mother plants is also of concern and may be contributing to high levels of virus incidence found soon after establishment. When combined, this information can be used to design control strategies for the Australian hop industry for these cultivars.
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Thomson, Giles, Peter Newman, Dominique Hes, Jo Bennett, Mark Taylor, and Ron Johnstone. "Nature-Positive Design and Development: A Case Study on Regenerating Black Cockatoo Habitat in Urban Developments in Perth, Australia." Urban Science 6, no. 3 (July 7, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6030047.
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The benefits of ecosystem services to cities are well documented; for example, water-sensitive urban design to mitigate stormwater flows and purify run-off, the cooling benefits provided by tree shade, and psychological benefits of urban greening. Cities tend to displace nature, and in urban environments where nature exists it tends to be as highly altered ecosystems. This paper sets out how it is possible to regenerate nature in cities. We outline the principles of how to do this through a study on a new regenerative urban development in Perth, Australia, where urban planning is intended to support the regeneration of a bioregional habitat within the city. The authors, drawn from sustainability, property development and ecological backgrounds, describe how urban regeneration can potentially facilitate the regeneration of endemic habitat within the city. This builds on the original ecosystem functionality to provide an urban ecosystem that enables biodiversity to regenerate. Perth lies on the Swan Coastal Plain, a biodiversity hotspot; it is home to 2.1 million people and numerous endemic species such as the endangered Black Cockatoo. Low reproduction rates and habitat loss through agricultural clearing, fire and urban expansion have greatly reduced the Black Cockatoo’s range and this continuing trend threatens extinction. However, the charismatic Black Cockatoos enjoy passionate support from Perth’s citizens. This paper describes a range of strategies whereby new urban development could potentially harness the popularity of the iconic Black Cockatoo to build momentum for urban habitat regeneration (for the cockatoos and other species) on the Swan Coastal Plain. The strategies, if systematically operationalised through urban planning, could allow city-scale ecological gain. The authors suggest a framework for nature-positive design and development that offers multiple benefits for human and non-human urban dwellers across scales, from individual gardens, to city/regional scale habitat corridors. Collectively, these strategies can increase the capacity of the city to support endemic species, simultaneously enhancing a bioregional “sense of place”, and numerous associated ecosystem services to increase urban resilience in the face of climate change.
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Byrne, Joshua, Mike Mouritz, Mark Taylor, and Jessica K. Breadsell. "East Village at Knutsford: A Case Study in Sustainable Urbanism." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 5, 2020): 6296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166296.
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With increasing pressure to ensure that sustainability features in homes are commercially viable, demonstration projects are vital to highlight the real-world challenges and opportunities for innovation. This paper documents the incorporation of sustainability objectives into the “East Village at Knutsford” residential “living laboratory” development, within the Knutsford urban regeneration precinct, approximately 1.5 km east of the Fremantle central business district in Western Australia. The sustainability objectives for the project include being a “Net Zero Energy Development” using 100% renewable energy and maximizing the self-supply of energy, reducing mains water consumption as much as is practical, and using the landscape design to complement these objectives without compromising a best-practice urban greening outcome. The paper documents the design initiatives and strategies that have been included to achieve these objectives in a commercially viable project and the results of modelling where it has been used to test the design against the objectives to ensure their validity. The key features that have been incorporated into the townhouses component of the development are outlined, illustrating integrated design and systems thinking that builds on previous demonstration projects, incorporating solar energy storage and electric vehicle charging plus significant mains water savings by adopting water-sensitive features in the homes and the within the private and public gardens. The expected grid energy and mains water consumption levels in the homes through modelling compared to the metropolitan average is 80% lower. The project is presented as an important step in the application of available technologies and design features to meet stated sustainability objectives, highlighting the benefits of an embedded living laboratory research approach.
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Green, Monica, and Iris Duhn. "The Force of Gardening: Investigating Children's Learning in a Food Garden." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 31, no. 1 (January 29, 2015): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2014.45.
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AbstractSchool gardens are becoming increasingly recognised as important sites for learning and for bringing children into relationship with food. Despite the well-known educational and health benefits of gardening, children's interactions with the non-human entities and forces within garden surroundings are less understood and examined in the wider garden literature. Using a relational materialist approach (Hultman & Lenz Taguchi, 2010) that considers the material artefacts that constitute a learning environment, this article examines children's interactions with the animate and inanimate life forces through three specific garden photographs. The photos belong to data derived from a study that examined food, ecology and design pedagogies in three Australian primary schools. This paper argues that children's interactions with the non-human materialities of a garden are a vital dimension of gardening practice. The agential powers of gardens have great capacity to mobilise and inform children's inhabitation of food gardens.
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Gardener, Joanna, William Cartwright, Lesley Duxbury, and Amy Griffin. "Mapping Perception of Place through Emotion, Memory, Senses, and the Imaginary." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-87-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper reports on a research project that has a focus on the perception of place, collective experience, and shared perceptions. It aims to demonstrate how mapping can be used to bring depth and meaning to places through portraying emotions, memory, sensation, and the imagination. This study explores how maps can be developed to create a deeper understanding and explore perceptions of place. It draws upon the diverse experiences of a participatory study of a single, shared place, the Edinburgh Gardens in North Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia. This participatory study expands upon a previous research study of the Edinburgh Gardens, which focused on the influence of time in the perception of place. While time plays a significant role in changing perceptions of place, emotions, sensory inputs, and memory also play vital roles in shaping these perceptions.</p><p> The intent of this study was to look for shared experiences, synergies, or differences between different participants’ visits to the park, while examining how people perceive, move through, and understand the place and their emotional connection to it. Through a three-part participatory study, <i>1. Memory</i>, <i>2. Experience</i>, and <i>3. Reflection</i>, the data collected informs a series of emotional maps of the Edinburgh Gardens.</p><p> The first part of the study, <i>Memory</i>, asked participants to recall and describe a memory of an experience they had at the Edinburgh Gardens. Questions included why the event was significant, were they with other people, how long did they stay, and could they remember any smells or sounds or think of any colours associated with the experience. Participants were also asked to draw a map of the gardens as they remembered them (Figure 1). The second part of the study, <i>Experience</i>, asked participants to go for a walk in the park and capture their experience in real-time (Figure 2). This included many of the same questions as Part 1, while also asking them to record their route as they moved through the park, via a GPS walking app and pen and paper (Figure 3). The final part of the study, <i>Reflection</i>, asked participants to reflect and compare the visits to the park.</p><p> The intention of this participatory component of the research programme is to visually explore emotional connections to place by creating prototype maps of place perceptions. The study focuses on the making of place and examines how places are perceived through deep mapping and associated spatial narratives. In creating these prototype maps, it investigates how the cartographic sciences, design thinking, and artistic expression can inform one another to spark new ideas and generate new ways of thinking about approaches to cartography and in turn, the possibilities that emerge when these disciplines work together.</p><p> Through a practical and theoretical investigation into emotional cartography, this study explores perception of place and the representation of shared perceptions through mapping. Furthermore, it illustrates the role memory and conscious experience have on feelings and emotions attached to perception of place. Through creating prototypes of emotional maps, we are able to see the crossover between scientific cartography and artistic expression and appreciate how these different disciplines can be engaged to shape new approaches to cartography and reveal the map’s ability to impart emotion and evoke a sense of place.</p>
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Blaschke, Sarah, Clare C. O’Callaghan, and Penelope Schofield. "Nature-based care opportunities and barriers in oncology contexts: a modified international e-Delphi survey." BMJ Open 7, no. 10 (October 2017): e017456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017456.
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ObjectiveTo develop recommendations regarding opportunities and barriers for nature-based care in oncology contexts using a structured knowledge generation process involving relevant healthcare and design experts.DesignFour-round modified electronic Delphi study. Oncology patients’ nature-based recommendations, uncovered in preceding qualitative investigation, were included in the first round for the expert participants’ consideration. Key items (opportunities and barriers) were developed using data aggregation and synthesis, followed by item prioritisation and 10-point Likert scale ranking (1=not important, 10=very important). Descriptive statistics were calculated to assess items of highest importance representing expert recommendations.ContextOnline Delphi process constituting an electronic international survey.ParticipantsA purposive sample of 200 potential panellists (recruitment target n=40) comprising healthcare practitioners, managers, designers, architects and researchers were invited to participate; experts were identified via research networks, snowballing and systematic literature review.Results38 experts across seven countries (Australia, USA, UK, New Zealand, Canada, Denmark and Sweden) returned questionnaire 1, which determined consent and acceptance for participation. Initial response rate was 19%, and subsequent response rates were 84%, 82% and 84% for rounds 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The Delphi panel developed recommendations consisting of 10 opportunities and 10 barriers. The following opportunities were rated to be of highest importance: window views from clinical areas onto nature; outdoor settings, gardens and courtyards with easy and effortless access; and nature-based physical exercise adapted to patient requirements. Highest-rated barriers for nature-based oncology care included lack of knowledge and awareness about benefits of nature engagement and inaccessibility, not considering access requirements for the very sick and frail.ConclusionsExperts suggested and agreed on a set of recommendations, which represent critical considerations for the safe adoption of nature-based oncology opportunities. These findings fill a gap in understanding about helpful nature-based oncology care and may translate into oncology design and innovation.
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Dushkova, Diana, and Maria Ignatieva. "New trends in urban environmental health research: from geography of diseases to therapeutic landscapes and healing gardens." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-99.
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Urban living style is associated with various negative impacts on human health, e.g. connected with the environmental problems. Thus, promoting health of urban population is nowadays one of the most challenging issues of the 21st century together with the growing needs for sustainable development and establishment of the biophilic or livable cities. It is increasing awareness among researchers and health practitioners of the potential benefits to the health from activities in natural settings and especially from regular contact with nature, which can be perceived as a preventive medical tool. This paper discusses the close relationship between the concepts of health-supporting landscapes and sustainability in modern cities based on literature review and case studies from EU, Russian and Australian projects. We first review the historical and modern paradigms (of the various disciplines) which determine the discourse in nature – human health and well-being research. This includes examination of Hippocrates «naturalistic history», Humboldt’s concept of natural garden design; Oertel ‘s ‘Terrain Kur’; «salutogenic approach» of Antonovsky; McHarg’s Design with Nature; Ecopolis programme, Wilson’s biophilia and some other approaches. Then there is a comparative analysis of structural similarities and differences in the past and current scientific schools devoted to understanding human – landscape interaction. One of the principal arguments is that nature also has another value for health, regardless of natural remedies. It includes, for example, the healing of space, outdoor training trails in parks, everyday use of urban green spaces and peri-urban recreation areas for sport and exercises. We provide an analysis of some examples based on the modern concepts of biophilic cities, therapeutic landscapes, healing gardens, green infrastructure and nature-based solutions. This article also discusses the main types of healing gardens and therapeutic landscapes and suggests the framework of design principles of healing and therapeutic landscapes. The analysis proved that healing gardens and therapeutic landscapes provide multiple benefits and can be regarded as nature-based solutions. These essential aspects of multifunctionality, multiculturality and social inclusion are well intertwined with the approach of biophilia.
Дисертації з теми "Gardens Australia Design"
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Tsai, Yi-Hsin. "The meaning of gardens in aged care: Residents' landscape experience in Australian facilities." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/130635/1/Yi-Hsin_Tsai_Thesis.pdf.
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This research explores Australian Aged Care residents' landscape experience. The findings suggest that gardens within aged-care facilities foster critical activities associated with homemaking. Residents develop a sense of ownership and agency within the landscape and recall significant memories, especially after relocation in later life. The study concludes with recommendations to transform current understandings of therapeutic landscapes, broadening the medicalised understanding of health, in order to create more "healthful landscapes". This research argues for future design to provide a holistic landscape experience by integrating emotional, social and sensory landscape experiences for residents within aged-care facilities.
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Stickells, Lee. "Form and reform : affective form and the garden suburb." University of Western Australia. School of Architecture, Landscape and Visual Arts, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0089.
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This thesis establishes the concept of affective form as a means of examining urban design – being the intersection of architecture, planning and landscape – in relation to techniques of governance. Affective form broadly describes a built environment where people are encouraged to amend, or govern, their actions according to particular socio–political ideas. Exploration of the concept’s application as a theoretical tool is undertaken here in order to generate a means of discussing the ethical function of urban design. The emergence of notions of affective form will be located in the eighteenth century, alongside the growing confidence in the ability for humankind to effect social and cultural progress. In a series of examples, stretching throughout the twentieth century, the implicit relation of planning, architectural and landscape form to social effect is discussed. The language, and design models, used to delineate affective form are described, alongside discussion of the level of intentionality apparent in the conceptions of urban form’s social effect. Critique through affective form allows an analysis that brings together the underlying utopian elements of projects – the traces of ideology and sociological theories – with an evaluation of the formal concepts projected. As the second area of investigation, the city of Perth in Western Australia provides a contextual focus for the examination of concepts of affective form. Through a series of appropriations of urban design models a suburban archetype emerged in Perth of a planned, homogenous field of low–rise, single–family, detached dwellings within a gardenesque landscape. The process of appropriation is described as a continuing negotiation between local expectations and the implicit conceptions of affective form within the imported models. Connecting the two primary concerns of the thesis, the ability of form to influence social change and the evolution of Perth’s garden suburb ideal, is the association of that developing garden suburb model with notions of affective form. The associations are outlined through three case studies. The first is an account of the planning of the City of Perth Endowment Lands Project during the 1920s. The second describes the planning and architecture of the athlete’s village built for the VIIIth British Empire and Commonwealth Games held in Perth in 1962. The third study details the development in the 1990s of Joondalup, a satellite city in the Perth metropolitan region. The account of Perth’s garden suburb ideal is intertwined with the consideration of the varying ways in which the conceptualization of affective form has been expressed. Each case study is contextualized by a preceding chapter that discusses the particular conceptions of affective form used in its examination. Thus the main body of the thesis comprises three parts – each associated with a case study, each containing two linked chapters
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Bird, Louise. "The interwar gardens of Elsie Marion Cornish: a comparative and contextual analysis." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/70159.
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A study on Adelaide landscape designer Elsie Cornish who mostly worked in an English Arts and Crafts garden style that was interpreted for Australian conditions and the needs of her clientele. Influencing her stylistic designs was a philosophical understanding of the interconnection between house and garden and the need for the space to be designed as an integrated whole.Thesis (M.L.Arch.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, 2006.
Книги з теми "Gardens Australia Design"
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Jim, Fogarty, ed. Australian inspiration: A bush garden goes to Chelsea. South Melbourne: Lothian, 2004.
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The balanced garden: Town, country and courtyard. Camberwell, Vic: Lantern, 2005.
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Latreille, Anne. Garden voices: Australian designers - their stories. Melbourne, Australia: Bloomings Books Pty Ltd, 2013.
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Eckersley, Rick. Living in the garden: Australian style. Melbourne, Vic: Lothian, 1993.
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Under the spell of the ages: Australian country gardens. Canberra: National Library of Australia, 2007.
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Gayleen, Hughes, ed. Tasmania is a garden. Buderim, Qld: David Bateman, 1985.
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Australia's quarter acre: The story of the ordinary suburban garden. Carlton, Vic: Miegunyah Press, 2006.
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The garden of ideas: Four centuries of Australian style. Carlton, Vic: Miegunyah Press, 2010.
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Patrick, John. The Australian garden: Designs and plants for today. Melbourne: Thomas Nelson Australia, 1985.
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Davies, Rosemary. The creative gardener's companion: For Australian and New Zealand gardens. South Yarra, Melbourne, Vic: Hyland House, 1987.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Gardens Australia Design"
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Campbell, Gordon. "9. America, Africa, and Australia." In Garden History: A Very Short Introduction, 116–32. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199689873.003.0009.
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‘America, Africa, and Australia’ provides highlights of garden history in North America, Central America, South America, South Africa, and Australia. North America’s earliest traditional gardens were influenced by the settlers from Spain, France, the Netherlands, and England. After independence, garden design was transformed by designers such as Frederick Law Olmsted, the Colonial Revival movement, the Prairie School, and the California Style. The most important gardens in Central America are in Mexico and, in South America, the move away from European styles was led by the Brazilian plantsman and designer Roberto Burle Marx. Australia’s most important and influential garden designers have been William Guilfoyle and Edna Walling.
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Grafova, Elena O. "The time of Art Nouveauin the literary and artistic comprehensionof Maurice Maeterlink in the context of Hanbury Gardens, Liguria." In Russian Estate in the World Context, 322–30. A.M. Gorky Institute of World literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0623-9-322-330.
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The garden is the most important element of the “estate topos”. The idea of Ligurian gardens, created by philanthropists Daniel and Thomas Hanbury and embodied by landscape designer, botanist and garden architect Louis Winter, is to collect plants from around the world and give them a new “read” in the gardens of a “beautiful era”.This idea of travel, of attention to plants, flowers whose seeds can be collected in different parts of the world (in Japan, China, Australia, on the African continent, in the Americas), carries the idea of beauty, variety in simple and complex. The image of a flower as a unique creature, whose life is full of great meaning – moving towards sunlight, overcoming the obstacles that stand in its way — is one of the most important symbols of the modern era. The beauty of a flower that reaches out to the light is a key idea in the art edition “The Mind of Flowers” (1907) by Maurice Meterlink.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Gardens Australia Design"
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Saniga, Andrew, and Andrew Wilson. "Barbara van den Broek. Contributions to the Disciplines of Landscape Architecture, Town Planning and Architecture." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4024pu9ad.
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Barbara van den Broek (1932-2001) trained as an architect in Auckland, New Zealand before moving to Brisbane with her husband and fellow architect Joop, where they established an architectural practice. van den Broek went on to run an office as a sole practitioner and took on architecture and landscape architecture projects. Over the course of her career she completed post-graduate diplomas in Town and Country Planning, Landscape Architecture and Education, and a Master of Science – Environmental Studies, and collaborated on a number of key projects in Queensland and Papua New Guinea (PNG). Our paper will build an account of her career. In assessing the significance of her contribution to landscape architecture, planning and architecture in Australasia, it will bring a number of other spheres into the frame: conservation and Australia’s environment movement; landscape design and the bush garden; and van den Broek’s personal development that included artistic expression, single parenthood, teaching, and the navigation of male-dominated professional environments to develop a practice that contributed to town planning projects in cities across Australia, and made significant contributions to landscape projects in Queensland and PNG.
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Nazareth, Ian. "A Hundred Local Cities and the Crisis of Commuting: How Nodal Suburbs Shaped the Most Radical Change in Melbourne’s Suburban Development, 1859 -1980." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4021pbcyh.
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The major crisis in the evolving urban form of Australian cities came in a single development: when work patterns and separation from the central activities’ districts outran walking distance. The key enabler was commuter transport, first with horse-drawn omnibuses and then with trams and suburban trains. At this point the average area of suburban lots exploded, the ‘worker’ cottage’ was eclipsed as the most numerous housing type, house sizes increased, house footprints became almost sprawling in celebration, and suburban shopping centres began to break from the long lines of shops and municipal buildings lining major road arteries to the central cities. This centripetal tendency had all manner of typological and developmental results, and Melbourne is taken as an initial example in a wider Australian study. Houses entered a newly diagonal composition and connection to their streets; new neighbourhood relations focussed on garden displays and broader individual expression in specific house designs. An equally major change, though, came as railways and a series of new tram routes dragged newer shopping and municipal precincts away from simply lining arteries to the city, setting up nodal suburban centres with new, ‘hub’ plan forms that either cut across arterial roads at right angles or clear obliques, or developed away from existing arteries altogether. Each node ‘commanded’ between three to five surrounding suburbs. Suburban nodes became both service referents and impetus-centres or sources for suburban growth, and, significantly, new centres of regional dentification and loyalty. With Federation comes a waning of central city significance, observed long ago in Graeme Davison’s Marvellous Melbourne, a suburbanism generated by and inflecting on nodes. This challenges the long-accepted picture of Australian cities having a small, towering central business district and encircled by a huge, undifferentiated suburban sprawl. This study also looks at what a nodal suburb generally comprises- its critical mass.