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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Functional psychose"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Functional psychose"

Thomann, P. A., M. S. Depping, S. D. Bienentreu, R. C. Wolf, and D. Hirjak. "Neuronale Korrelate des Psychoserisikosyndroms." Nervenheilkunde 33, no. 01/02 (2014): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1627662.

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ZusammenfassungEin erhöhtes Psychoserisiko wird durch das Vorhandensein klinisch prädiktiver Symptome operationalisiert. Eine objektive Charakterisierung von Personen mit erhöhtem Psychoserisiko könnte durch funktionell bildgebende Verfahren gelingen, da diese Verfahren eine In-vivo-Darstellung früher neuronaler Veränderungen bei Personen mit erhöhtem Psychoserisiko ermöglichen. Veränderungen der Gehirnfunktion vor dem Beginn einer manifesten Psychose könnten als Marker der klinischen Transition und als prognostische Marker präventiver Interventionen genutzt werden. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden Personen mit erhöhtem Psychoserisiko mithilfe der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT) untersucht, begünstigt durch die Verfügbarkeit, die Non-Invasivität und die hohe räumliche und zeitliche Auflösung des Verfahrens. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit soll die fMRT-Datenlage bei Personen mit erhöhtem Psychoserisiko zusammengefasst und im Hinblick auf ihre klinische Relevanz diskutiert werden. In der Literatur konnten anhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche via PubMed und MEDLINE (Schlüsselwörter: „psychosis”, „ultra-high risk” und „functional mri”) und einer erweiterten Literatursuche 17 funktionell bildgebende Untersuchungen, eine Übersichtsarbeit und drei Metaanalysen identifiziert werden. In der Gesamtwertung der fMRT-Daten gibt es erste Hinweise darauf, dass bei Personen mit erhöhtem Psychoserisiko Veränderungen der Gehirnfunktion in frontalen, insulären und somatosensorischen Arealen vorliegen könnten. Die klinische Relevanz und der prädiktive Wert dieser Befunde für klinische Transition und Therapieoutcome sind jedoch unklar.

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Guinness, E. A. "II. Brief Reactive Psychosis and the Major Functional Psychoses: Descriptive Case Studies in Africa." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, S16 (April 1992): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296773.

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In a three-year prospective study of service-based incidence of functional psychoses in Africa, 94 cases of brief reactive psychosis were compared with 56 cases of schizophreniform syndromes, 29 cases of DSM-III schizophrenia and 14 of manic-depressive psychosis. This was supplemented by retrospective study of the same syndromes not in their first episode. Brief reactive psychosis was found to be a composite syndrome. The 50% with preceding depression were a distinct group, in terms of course and demographic features. Of those with intense prodromal anxiety, most were a single episode precipitated by a major life event, a few showed a recurrent long-term pattern. Schizophrenia was heralded, or presented unequivocally months or years later, in 10-20%. The schizophreniform group comprised a range of atypical psychoses intermediate between the transient and major psychoses. The pattern of precipitants and the over-representation of education and paid employment in the acute syndromes, compared with the major psychoses, in a society which was largely first-generation educated, suggested a link with rapid social change.

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Möller, H. J., M. Hohe-Schramm, C. Cording-Tömmel, W. Schmid-Bode, H. U. Wittchen, M. Zaudig, and D. Von Zressen. "The Classification of Functional Psychoses and its Implications for Prognosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 4 (April 1989): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.4.467.

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One hundred and eighty-three patients suffering from functional psychoses were diagnosed according to ICD–8, RDC, and DSM–III criteria, and the concordance rates for the diagnoses compared. The heterogeneity of the diagnosis 'schizoaffective psychosis' as defined by these systems became clear. With respect to prognosis, the DSM–III diagnosis of schizophrenia was most closely related to poor outcome. Affective psychoses and schizoaffective psychoses, as well as DSM–III 'schizophreniform disorders', demonstrated a favourable prognosis.

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Van Os, Jim, Machteld Marcelis, Pak Sham, Peter Jones, Karyna Gilvarry, and Robin Murray. "Psychopathological syndromes and familial morbid risk of psychosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 170, no. 3 (March 1997): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.3.241.

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BackgroundFamilial liability in the functional psychoses had traditionally been examined by comparing mutually exclusive diagnostic categories. This study examines overlapping psychopathological dimensions in relation to familial morbid risk of psychosis.MethodWe tested for associations between seven factor-analysis derived psychopathological dimensions and familial morbid risk of psychosis, in a sample of 150 patients with recent-onset functional psychosis and 548 of their first-degree relatives.ResultsA syndrome characterised by affective blunting and insidious and early onset of illness, non-specifically predicted psychosis in the first-degree relatives, whereas a manic syndrome specifically predicted affective psychosis in the relatives. No other main effects were observed, but there were interactions with proband diagnosis: a syndrome characterised by bizarre behaviour, inappropriate affect, catatonia and poor rapport predicted psychosis in relatives of schizophrenic probands, and a syndrome of depressive: symptoms predicted psychosis in relatives of schizoaffective probands. Positive symptoms were not associated with illness in the relatives.ConclusionsGenetic effects in the functional psychoses may comprise non-specific components that canalise a general, early-onset, affective blunting phenotype and several other, more specific, influences on phenotypic variation.

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Phanjoo, A. "Treatment of psychoses in the elderly." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2, no. 3 (May 1996): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.2.3.133.

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Psychotic disorders in the elderly can be divided into three types: disorders that have started in earlier life and persist into old age; disorders that start de novo after the age of 60, and psychoses associated with brain disease, including the dementias. The classification of psychoses in late life has provoked controversy for nearly a century. The debate concerns whether schizophrenia can present at any stage of life or whether functional psychoses, arising for the first time in late life, represent different illnesses. The nomenclature of such disorders consists of numerous terms including late onset schizophrenia, late paraphrenia, paranoid psychosis of late life and schizophreniform psychosis. This plethora of terms has made research difficult to interpret.

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Bredkjær, Søren, Pre Ben Bo Mort Ensen, and Josef Parnas. "Epilepsy and non-organic non-affective psychosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 3 (March 1998): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.3.235.

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BackgroundThis study tests the hypothesis that epilepsy increases the risk of developing schizophrenia and other non-affective functional psychoses using a nationwide sample of people with epilepsy.MethodA record linkage study between a sample from the National Patient Register, consisting of 67 116 people with epilepsy, and the Danish Psychiatric Register identified all people with non-affective psychoses with onset after the first epilepsy diagnosis. The relation between risk of psychiatric disorder in people with epilepsy and the general Danish population was estimated.ResultsThe incidences of the spectrum of non-organic non-affective psychosis, non-affective psychosis and schizophrenia were significantly increased both for men and women, even after exclusion of people diagnosed as suffering from a learning disability or substance misuse.ConclusionThis study supports the notion of an association between epilepsy and the risk of subsequent non-affective psychosis.

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Klompenhouwer, JL, AM van Hulst, JHM Tulen, ML Jacobs, BC Jacobs, and F. Segers. "The clinical features of postpartum psychoses." European Psychiatry 10, no. 7 (1995): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)80337-3.

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SummaryThe clinical features and symptoms of postpartum psychoses are presented in relation to the classification according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and the concept of “puerperal psychosis”. A number of symptoms, ie confusional symptoms, depersonalization, misrecognitions and the “kaleidoscopic” picture are shown to be prominent features. In schizoaffective disorder and unspecified functional psychosis a higher frequency of confusional symptoms, misrecognitions, thematic delusions and a “kaleidoscopic” course of illness was found compared to schizophrenia, mania or depression. The findings of this study support a special status for postpartum psychosis and suggest a link with the concept of cycloid psychosis. In the management of postpartum mental disorder the risk of child-directed aggression, suicide and sudden relapses into psychosis requires special attention.

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Stein, Daniel, Aharon Hanukoglu, Slulamit Blank, and Avner Elizur. "Cyclic Psychosis Associated with the Menstrual Cycle." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 6 (December 1993): 824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.6.824.

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Psychotic symptoms are not included under accepted definitions of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). We present a 14-year-old girl with PMS, who developed a late luteal cyclic psychosis during two consecutive premenstrual periods, which resolved completely after the onset of menses. She was treated with dehydroxyprogesterone for two cycles, and later with placebo for the next three consecutive cycles. Psychotic symptoms did not reappear following two psychotic cycles, and the PMS resolved within the next menstrual cycle. We suggest that cyclic psychoses associated with the menstrual cycle may be a specific benign entity, not included under the recognised functional psychoses. In some cases these psychoses could be classified as a subgroup of PMS.

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Parker, Gordon, Maryanne O'Donnell, and Stephen Walter. "Changes in the Diagnoses of the Functional Psychoses Associated with the Introduction of Lithium." British Journal of Psychiatry 146, no. 4 (April 1985): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.146.4.377.

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SummaryDiagnostic patterns for schizophrenia and affective psychosis were examined for all admissions to psychiatric facilities in New South Wales over a ten-year (1967–1977) period, before, during, and after lithium carbonate had been established as an accepted treatment. While the proportion of functional psychoses to total admissions remained relatively constant over the study, there was a relative decrease in schizophrenia, and a relative increase in the affective psychosis group. Analyses of sub-groups suggested, after controlling for the effects of time, that the introduction of lithium has been associated with an increase in diagnoses of mania and a decrease in diagnoses of paranoid schizophrenia, both for first admissions and for readmissions.

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Crow, T. J. "The Continuum of Psychosis and its Implication for the Structure of the Gene." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 4 (October 1986): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.4.419.

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Three observations challenge Kraepelin's binary view of the functional psychoses: a bimodal distribution of the clinical features of manic-depressive illness and schizophrenia has not been demonstrated; affective illness appears to predispose to schizophrenia in later generations; and “schizoaffective’ illnesses cannot be separated in family studies from either of the prototypical psychoses. The alternative concept is that psychosis is a continuum extending from unipolar, through bipolar affective illness and schizoaffective psychosis, to typical schizophrenia, with increasing degrees of defect. According to this concept the genes predisposing to psychosis have a degree of stability that ensures that the form of the psychosis tends to remain the same within families, but there is also the possibility of change, implying that the genetic mechanisms themselves are variable. It is proposed that quantal changes in the “virogene’ are due to replications within the genome (e.g. the generation of tandem repeats of the element or a component of it); that such replications occur at a critical stage (e.g. gametogenesis, fertilisation, very early embryogenesis) in the course of reproduction; and that the “season of birth effect’ reflects the operation of the mechanism responsible for these replications.

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Дисертації з теми "Functional psychose"

Gonterman, Andrea R. "The relationships between insight, psychopathological symptoms, and neurocognitive function in psychotic disorders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3054/.

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Many psychotic patients fail to admit they are mentally ill. The current study evaluated the associations between insight, specific symptoms, and neurocognitive impairments. Thirty-three acute inpatients with a schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic disorder NOS diagnosis were rated on the SAIE, Birchwood's IS, and the BPRS. Neurocognitive assessments of attention and frontal lobe functioning were also conducted. Stepwise multiple regression analyses found composites representing delusions, disorganization, and anxiety/depression, as well as CPT-IP shapes hit rate, served as significant predictors of total insight or the specific insight dimensions. At least for acute patients, symptoms tended to have stronger relationships with and were more regularly predictive of insight than neurocognitive measures, though the attentional task associated with right hemisphere functioning, contributed significantly.

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McConville, Pauline Mary. "Obstetric complications and functional psychosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24928.

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The main body of the work is a study of the rates of obstetric complications in 492 patients meeting ICD-9 criteria for schizophrenia, affective disorder and other functional psychosis, compared to their 797 non-psychotic siblings and to 2,460 normal controls. The main results, for each of the three diagnostic groups, indicate significant confounding between obstetric complications, maternal marital status and social class. No single obstetric complication remained associated with schizophrenia once these factors had been controlled for. Bleeding in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of affective disorder compared to controls. A low Apgar score at 5 minutes was associated with an increased risk of affective disorder compared to controls. Low social class and maternal marital status were also associated with the risk of affective disorder. Induction of labour or elective caesarean section was associated with an increased risk of other functional psychosis compared to their non-psychotic siblings. Secondary analyses of the effect of season of birth, age of onset of illness and family history are presented. Schizophrenic patients were more likely to have been born in winter than their siblings but winter-born schizophrenics had similar rates of OCs to those born at other times. An induced labour or elective caesarean section was associated with an increased risk of affective disorder of early onset and of non-familial affective disorder. Bleeding in pregnancy was also associated with an increased risk of non-familial affective disorder. The findings are compared to those of other studies and conclusions are drawn about the importance of obstetric complications in the aetiology of psychotic disorders, with particular emphasis on schizophrenia, and suggestions are made for further research.

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Corlett, Philip Robert. "Causal learning and psychosis : exploring brain function, cognition and symptoms using functional neuroimaging and psychopharmacology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614249.

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Cheung, Sze-ki, and 張斯琪. "The relationship of DUP, DUI, negative symptom severity and functional outcome among people with psychosis in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192962.

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Empirical studies had demonstrated inconsistencies between duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and outcome measures including negative symptoms severity and functional outcome. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how either the construct of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) or duration of untreated illness (DUI) acted on associating and predicting negative symptoms, its sub-domains and functional outcome among psychotic population in Hong Kong. Totally three hundred and forty five subjects were recruited from in-patient and out-patient setting in hospitals under hospital authority. DUP and DUI were assessed by semi-interviewed with subjects, their family members and other significant others. And the Scale of Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) were adopted as assessment tools to measure negative symptoms severity and functioning of individual respectively. Regression models were used to analyse how DUI and DUP differed in associating and predicting different variables. Results showed that DUI took a more significant role in associating and predicting negative symptoms and functional outcome in which it demonstrated stronger positive correlation with negative symptoms and stronger negative correlation with functional outcome. DUI was also found to act as a potential predictor for both negative symptom severity and functional outcome. At the same time, among all sub-domains, anhedonia showed mild positive correlation with both DUI and DUP while other four didn’t show similar association. The results provided increased insight that DUI might play a more significant role in determining the development of negative symptoms and functional outcome than DUP. Yet, limitations on various aspects had been addressed in this study such as the high level of heterogeneity of our sample and potential confounders which partially correlated with the outcome parameter. Also, no causal relationship had been yield between DUI / DUP and outcome variables. Further investigation was suggested on dividing the sample into sub-group to draw information regarding the characteristics of associations. Meanwhile, better control on potential confounding variables might help generating clearer picture on how independent variables associated with each other.
published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine

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Os, Johannes Jacobus van. "(Genetic) epidemiology as a tool to identify risk factors for emergence and persistence of illness in the functional psychoses." Maastricht : Maastricht : IPSER Foundation ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1995. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5789.

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Dixon, Tracy Anne. "The neuropsychology and functional anatomy of verbal fluency in the major psychoses." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322578.

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Padovan, Giordano B. "Psychoses, language and brain asymmetry: fMRI connectivity alterations in bipolar disorders." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423164.

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INTRODUCTION A mood characterised by alternating mania and depression have been matter of curiosity and attention since ancient times. According to T.J. Crow’s theory on psychosis, Schizophrenia is strictly linked to the development of the faculty of language (begun in hominids from 6 to 4.2 million years ago) which depends by (anatomical and functional) asymmetry observable between the two cerebral hemispheres (Crow 2004). Several data in the recent (and older) (Griesinger 1845) scientific literature support the hypothesis that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are similar due to a large number of partially common features: symptomatology, genetics, cognitive features, neurobiology, connectivity alteration, etc.. A brief historical account about how often the classification of this disease changed across the last two centuries may suggest how the knowledge underling this diagnostic category is still fragile. AIM OF THE RESEARCH The goal of this paper is to study Functional Connectivity (FC) among bipolar patients and to test the compatibility of Crow’s paradigm with Bipolar Disorder, verifying the potential presence of hemispheric asymmetry alteration (left dominance deficit) through fMRI analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 outpatients of the Mood Disorders Unit at the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Padua have been recruited. All subjects had a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder type I or type II, according to the criteria of the DSM-IV-TR). 16 healthy individuals were chosen matched for age, sex and education. Clinical and psychological conditions at the time of the experiment were investigated through some psychometric scales widely used for the evaluation of mood, anxiety and other psychopathologic aspects. All subjects underwent a MRI scan both in resting state and while they were attending two tasks: a phonemic (verbal fluency) exercise and a visuo-spatial test (mental rotations). RESULTS From the neuropsychological point of view the phonemic task revealed no significant (p<0.05) differences between groups; on the contrary patients group showed decreased performance at the visuo-spatial task. MRI FC was analysed using two different techniques. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) showed mainly a volume within the Dorsal Attention Network located in left Precuneus (Brodmann Area 7) where patient group presented a reduction of FC compared to controls. Graph analysis brought to light a number of inter-hemispheric and left intra-hemispheric connections revealed to be significantly less active in patients compared to controls, on the contrary substantial conservation of indices at the Network Level was observed.
INTRODUZIONE Un tono timico caratterizzato da un’alternanza di mania e depressione è stato oggetto di interesse e attenzione fin dai tempi antichi. Secondo La teoria di T.J. Crow sulla psicosi, la schizofrenia è strettamente legata allo sviluppo della facoltà del linguaggio (che ha avuto origine negli ominidi da 6 a 4,2 milioni di anni fa) che dipende dall'asimmetria (anatomica e funzionale) osservabile tra i due emisferi cerebrali (Crow 2004). Diversi dati nella letteratura scientifica recente (e più antica – Griesinger 1845) supportano l'ipotesi che la schizofrenia e il disturbo bipolare siano simili per un gran numero di caratteristiche parzialmente comuni: sintomatologia, genetica, cognitività, neurobiologia, alterazione della connettività, ecc. Un breve resoconto storico di quanto spesso la classificazione di questa malattia sia cambiata negli ultimi due secoli può suggerire come la conoscenza sottesa a questa categoria diagnostica sia ancora fragile. SCOPO DELLA RICERCA L'obiettivo di questo studio è quello di studiare la connettività funzionale (FC) tra i pazienti bipolari e testare la compatibilità del paradigma di Crow con il disturbo bipolare, verificando la potenziale presenza di alterazioni dell'asimmetria emisferica (deficit di dominanza sinistra) attraverso l'analisi fMRI (risonanza magnetica funzionale). MATERIALI E METODI Sono stati reclutati 18 pazienti ambulatoriali dell'Unità di Disturbi dell'Umore presso la Clinica Psichiatrica dell'Università di Padova. Tutti i soggetti avevano una diagnosi di disturbo bipolare di tipo I o di tipo II, secondo i criteri del DSM-IV-TR). Sono stati scelti 16 individui sani abbinati per età, sesso e istruzione. Le condizioni cliniche e psicologiche al momento dell'esperimento sono state studiate attraverso alcune scale psicometriche ampiamente utilizzate per la valutazione dell'umore, dell'ansia e di altri aspetti psicopatologici. Tutti i soggetti sono stati sottoposti a una risonanza magnetica sia in stato di riposo che durante l’esecuzione di due compiti: un esercizio fonemico (fluenza verbale) e un test visuo-spaziale (rotazioni mentali). RISULTATI Dal punto di vista neuropsicologico, il compito fonemico non ha rivelato differenze significative (p<0.05) tra i gruppi; al contrario, il gruppo di pazienti ha mostrato una riduzione delle prestazioni nel compito visuo-spaziale. I dati fMRI sono stati analizzati utilizzando due tecniche diverse. L'Independent Component Analysis (ICA) ha mostrato principalmente un volume all'interno della Dorsal Attention Network situato nel precuneo sinistro (area 7 di Brodmann) dove il gruppo di pazienti presentava una riduzione significativa della FC rispetto ai controlli. L'analisi dei grafi ha portato alla luce un numero di connessioni intra-emisferiche e intra-emisferiche di sinistra rivelate significativamente meno attive nei pazienti rispetto ai controlli, al contrario è stata osservata una sostanziale conservazione degli indici a livello di rete.

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Widerlöv, Birgitta. "Long-Term Functional Psychosis : Epidemiology in Two Different Counties in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7466.

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This thesis is based on two independent studies, the first in Stockholm County (index year 1984; n=302), and the second, a replication and validation study, in Uppsala County (index year 1991; n=455).

The general aim was to study all individuals with Long-term Functional Psychosis (LFP) within the two counties of Sweden from an epidemiological perspective and to perform specific studies on a subgroup of individuals with schizophrenia. In the Stockholm study, the total one-year LFP prevalence was 5.3/1 000; in the the rural, suburban and urban areas it was 3.4, 5.6 and 6.6/1 000, respectively. The total one-year prevalence of LFP in Uppsala was 7.3/1 000; in the rural, peripheral city and central city areas it was 6.0, 7.0, and 8.7/1 000, respectively.

Within the non-schizophrenic subpopulation, a pronounced difference was demonstrated between the two studies with substantially higher prevalence rates in the Uppsala study. The schizophrenic subgroup in Uppsala was re-diagnosed using parallel diagnostic systems (DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and ICD-10), and reasonably comparable prevalence estimates were obtained.

In both studies antipsychotic drugs were most frequently prescribed for the patients with schizophrenia, and the doses were considered as low to moderate. In the Uppsala study the doses of antipsychotic drugs decreased with a longer duration of illness, while the opposite was found in the Stockholm study.

The increased mortality rate among patients with schizophrenia was mainly due to unnatural causes of death and cardiovascular diseases, particularly among males.

The main methodological differences between the two studies were in the sampling procedures. In the Uppsala study, a larger number of care facilities were screened, and a broader set of diagnostic criteria were used for identifying cases from different registers.

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Cloherty, Monique Elizabeth. "Confabulation in brain injury and in people with a functional psychosis." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431980.

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Widerlöv, Birgitta. "Long-term functional psychosis : epidemiology in two different counties in Sweden /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7466.

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Книги з теми "Functional psychose"

P, Berner, and World Psychiatric Association, eds. Diagnostic criteria for functional psychoses. 2nd ed. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Psychosis and near psychosis: Ego function, symbol structure, treatment. 2nd ed. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, 2003.

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Psychosis and near psychosis: Ego function, symbol structure, treatment. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Lectures in psychiatry: The functional psychoses : the schizophrenias and major affective disorders. St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A: W.H. Green, 1985.

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C, Sommer Iris E., and Kahn René S, eds. Language lateralization and psychosis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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T, Helgason, and European Medical Research Councils, eds. The Long-term treatment of functional psychoses: Needed areas of research : proceedings of a workshop held in Villa Lante, Bagnaia, 9-11 May 1983. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Berihanova, Rumisa, and Inessa Minenko. Complex non-drug correction of menopausal disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1599004.

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The monograph is devoted to the complex non-drug correction of menopausal disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome in the period of menopausal transition. Modern ideas about menopausal and metabolic syndromes are presented, a review of modern approaches to their treatment is carried out. A complex personalized system of non-drug correction of functional disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome and menopausal syndrome of mild and moderate severity in the period of menopausal transition is presented, including preformed therapeutic factors (vibrotherapy, chromotherapy, aeroionotherapy, musicotherapy (melotherapy), aromatherapy), physical therapy with pelvic floor muscle training, drinking balneotherapy, vitamins and minerals against the background of lifestyle modification. The algorithm of dynamic clinical and laboratory examination of women with menopausal disorders of mild and moderate severity and metabolic syndrome in the period of menopausal transition has been developed, including a general clinical examination, assessment of alimentary, thyroid, psycho-emotional, gynecological, urological statuses, the state of the intestinal microbiota, the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary complex, biochemical blood profile, hemostasis, levels of markers of inflammation, assessment of the state of the musculoskeletal system, sexual function, allowing to get an idea of the state of mental and physical health of patients, evaluate the effectiveness of the complex of measures, optimize therapeutic tactics. It is addressed to a wide range of readers interested in women's health. It can be useful for students, postgraduates, teachers of medical universities, obstetricians, gynecologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists, specialists of restorative medicine.

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Sapogova, Elena, Irina Dubrovina, Lyudmila Obuhova, and Yuriy Karandashev. General psychology. Workshop. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/975142.

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The textbook contains a set of educational tasks grouped into six substantive sections ("Introduction to psychology", "Formation of the psyche and consciousness", "Socio-cultural formation of a person", "Person, individual, personality, personality, subject", "Individual psychological characteristics of a person", "Higher mental functions") and organized according to the level of conditional complexity. The tasks are aimed at in-depth mastering of knowledge in the discipline "General Psychology", the development of skills and abilities of free operation of psychological material, stimulating the development of professional thinking and heuristic search of students, the formation of professional mentality and individual research motivation. Complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for classroom and independent study of the discipline "General Psychology" during the professional training of psychologists at universities and is focused on the formation of competencies of undergraduate and graduate students in the field of Psychology, psychology teachers, graduate students and practical psychologists who improve their qualifications in the field of psychology.

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R, Trimble Michael, ed. New brain imaging techniques and psychopharmacology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.

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R, Trimble Michael, ed. New brain imaging techniques and psychopharmacology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "Functional psychose"

Shoji, Tomotaka, Yuka Endo, and Shin Fukudo. "Psycho-gastroenterology." In Functional Dyspepsia, 105–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1074-4_9.

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Marcus, Eric R. "Ego Functions." In Psychosis and Near Psychosis, 1–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9197-5_1.

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Marcus, Eric R. "Ego Functions." In Psychosis and Near Psychosis, 1–43. Third editon. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315675855-1.

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Owens, D. G. C., and Eve C. Johnstone. "Depression in Functional Psychosis." In Depression in Schizophrenics, 77–100. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9978-1_6.

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Weil-Malherbe, H. "The Biochemistry of the Functional Psychoses." In Advances in Enzymology - and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, 479–553. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470122747.ch9.

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Mattila, Vilho. "Paranoid-Hallucinatory Functional Psychoses in Later Middle Age." In Clinical Psychopathology Nomenclature and Classification, 531–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5049-9_92.

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Bruinvels, J., L. Pepplinkhuizen, and D. Fekkes. "Serine Metabolism, beta-Carbolines and Psychoses." In Amino Acid Availability and Brain Function in Health and Disease, 363–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73175-4_33.

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Mueller, E. A., L. J. Siever, and D. L. Murphy. "Neuroendocrine Responses to Serotonin Agonists as Possible Markers of the Functional State of Serotonergic Neurotransmission in Psychiatric Disorders." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 110–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_12.

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Andersson, Sven Ingmar. "Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements and Attention in Schizophrenia and Cycloid Psychoses." In Eye Movements and Psychological Functions, 223–37. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003165538-18.

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Ritsner, Michael S. "Quality of Life Deficit Is a Core Presentation of Functional Psychoses." In Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume II, 165–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0831-0_7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Functional psychose"

McDonnell, Jolie, William Hord, Jenna Reinen, Pablo Polosecki, Irina Rish, and Guillermo Cecchi. "Predicting conversion to psychosis in clinical high risk patients using resting-state functional MRI features." In Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging, edited by Barjor Gimi and Andrzej Krol. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2525341.

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Nedić, Nenad, and Mirjana Lapčević. "OP0284 PARE THE INFLUENCE OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING AND PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.4256.

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Wang, Danni, Kaiming Zhuo, Yongjun Zhu, Dengtang Liu, and Yao Li. "Abnormal interhemispheric functional interactions in drug-naïve adult-onset first episode psychosis patients." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856878.

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Porres, Alexandre. "PSYCHO library for Pure Data." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Musical. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcm.2019.10432.

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This paper describes the PSYCHO library for the Pure Data programming language. This library provides novel functions for Pure Data and is a collection of compiled objects, abstractions and patches that include psychoacoustic models and conversions. Most notably, it provides models related to Sensory Dissonance, such as Sharpness, Roughness, Tonalness and Pitch Commonality. This library is an evolution and revision of earlier research work developed during a masters and PhD program. The previous developments had not been made easily available as a single and well documented library. Moreover, the work went through a major overhaul, got rid of the dependance of Pd Extended (now an abandoned and unsupported software) and provides new features. This paper describes the evolution of the early work into the PSYCHO library and presents its main objects, functions and contributions.

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Murtazina, E. P., A. Yu Gorovaya, N. Yu Trifonova, I. S. Matulko, and B. V. Zhuravlev. "THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUAL AND COOPERATIVE SENSORIMOTOR ACTIVITIES IN DUETS WITH PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECTS." In MODERN PROBLEMS IN SYSTEMIC REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. NPG Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/5-2019-confnf-57.

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Melnik, Olga V. "Monitoring of functional and psycho-emotional status of the person during daily activities." In 2018 7th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/meco.2018.8405986.

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Pratl, Gerhard, and Elisabeth Brainin. "The Prometheus Phantasy - Functions of the Human Psyche for Technical Systems." In 2007 5th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indin.2007.4384960.

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"METHADONE WITHDRAWAL PSYCHOSIS: A CLINICAL CASE." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p132v.

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The purpose of this article is, through a clinical case, to review the literature on psychosis secondary to methadone withdrawal. Observation of the patient and consultation of the clinical file. Non-systematic literature review on methadone use, methadone discontinuation and dual pathology. A 47-year-old male, history of opioid and cannabinoid use disorder, currently in abstinence and under opioid substitution therapy with methadone. After abrupt discontinuation of methadone, he began presenting delusional ideas of jealousy and persecution with multiple delusional interpretations. A diagnosis of persistent delusional disorder was made, and he was medicated with long-term injectable aripiprazole. Methadone is a synthetic opioid agonist used to treat addictions to opioids, such as heroin. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) contributes to cessation or reduction of heroin use, reduced risk of HIV and hepatitis virus infections, decreased mortality, improved family and social relationships and employment status. Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, vomiting, sweating, respiratory depression and prolongation of the QT interval. Other important consequences are precipitation of withdrawal symptoms with consequent relapse to heroin use and withdrawal from MMT. Methadone withdrawal leads to the classic symptoms of opiate withdrawal - abnormalities in vital signs, dilated pupils, agitation, irritability, insomnia, sneezing, nausea and vomiting. In a minority of cases, it can lead to the sudden onset of affective disorders and psychotic disorders. Although scarce, psychotic symptoms after opioid withdrawal have already been described in the literature. Opioids function not only as neurotransmitters, but also as neuromodulators that may be involved in the regulation of the dopaminergic system. An altered neuromodulation of the central opioid-dopamine systems due to long-term MTM may be related to psychotic pathogenesis. Considering the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with substance use disorder, it's important to pay attention and monitor any change in opioid medication, with close observation for possible psychotic symptoms.

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Paramonova, S. V., N. N. Malyutina, and N. S. Sedinina. "PSYCHOVEGETATIVE PREREQUISITES FOR ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION SYNDROME INUNDERGROUND WORKERS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-393-397.

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Abstract: We examined 109 men working at а mining enterprise exposed to occupational and psychosocial factors. The patients were divided into two groups: the main group - 60 men working in underground conditions, the conditions are assigned to classes 3.3 - 3.4; comparison group - 49 men performing ground work, whose conditions are classified as 3.2. In connection with the established diagnosis of "Syndrome of arterial hypertension" in middle-aged people of the main group, it was divided into two subgroups in terms of age - people under 45 years old (n = 20, age 38.45 ± 2.95 years), and people older 45 years old (n = 40, age 50.90 ± 1.46 years.). Purpose: to study the prerequisites for the development of hypertension based on the psychovegetative status and some changes in the biochemical and functional indicators of the CVS, depending on the age-related changes in these indicators. Materials and methods: the patient underwent a study of the psycho-vegetative state with an assessment of the level of neuropsychic stress, personal and situational anxiety, attention function, subjective reflection of psycho-vegetative distress. The state of the cardiovascular system was investigated according to the results of functional and clinical laboratory diagnostics. Results: A decrease in attention, an increase in personal anxiety and an increase in the number of psychovegetative complaints were significantly more often detected in the group of patients with hypertension (OR 7.50; 95% CI 2.39-23.58; OR 11.06 95% - CI - 4.35 - 28.10; CI 22.50; 95% CI - 7.09 - 71.41). Adaptive psychovegetative phenotypes were distinguished in two subgroups. In patients over 45 years old, a negative relationship was established between age, experience and some parameters of psycho-vegetative status, as well as a direct relationship between these parameters and some indicators of homeostasis in the diagnosis of hypertension syndrome in 95% of patients in this subgroup. Conclusions: with an increase in age and experience, there is a transformation of the adaptive psychovegetative phenotype with an inversion of connections with psychovegetative parameters against the background of increased functional disorders of the cardiovascular system. Diagnostics of the transformation of this phenotype makes it possible to assess the risk of developing arterial hypertension and contributes to the prevention of hypertension by forming risk groups.

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Li, Wenli, Qiong Xiang, Dengtang Liu, and Yao Li. "Disrupted Coupling Between NAA and Functional Connectivity in Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex of Drug-Naïve First-Episode Psychosis." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176293.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Functional psychose"

McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara, and Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: May 2021 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccerplantpain3.

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Overview This is the third quarterly progress report for an ongoing living systematic review on cannabis and other plant-based treatments for chronic pain. The first progress report was published in January 2021 and the second in March 2021. The draft systematic review was available for public comment from May 19 through June 15, 2021, on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Effective Health Care website. The systematic review synthesizes evidence on the benefits and harms of plant-based compounds (PBCs), such as cannabinoids and kratom, used to treat chronic pain, addressing concerns about severe adverse effects, abuse, misuse, dependence, and addiction. The purpose of this progress report is to describe the cumulative literature identified thus far. This report will be periodically updated with new studies as they are published and identified, culminating in an annual systematic review that provides a synthesis of the accumulated evidence. Main Points In patients with chronic (mainly neuropathic) pain with short-term treatment (4 weeks to <6 months): • Studies of cannabis-related products were grouped based on their tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to cannabidiol (CBD) ratio using the following categories: high THC to CBD, comparable THC to CBD, and low THC to CBD. • Comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray is probably associated with small improvements in pain severity and may be associated with small improvements in function. There was no effect in pain interference or serious adverse events. There may be a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea. • Synthetic THC (high THC to CBD) may be associated with moderate improvement in pain severity and increased risk of sedation, and large increased risk of nausea. Synthetic THC is probably associated with a large increased risk of dizziness. • Extracted whole-plant high THC to CBD ratio products may be associated with large increases in risk of withdrawal due to adverse events and dizziness. • Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, low THC to CBD ratio products (topical CBD), other cannabinoids (cannabidivarin), and comparisons with other active interventions was insufficient to draw conclusions. • Other key adverse event outcomes (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, cognitive deficits) and outcomes on the impact on opioid use were not reported. • No evidence on other plant-based compounds, such as kratom, met criteria for this review.

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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara, and Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.

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Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.

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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Devan Kansagara, Shelley Selph, Rebecca Holmes, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for iii Chronic Pain: 2022 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2022.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to April 4, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 3,283 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 8 observational studies (N=13,769) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 59 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.

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Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin J. Morasco, Rebecca Holmes, Terran Gilbreath, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update—Surveillance Report 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.2022updatesr2.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to October 24, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From a total of 3,568 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 9 observational studies (N=15,079) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 60 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.

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