Готові списки джерел за темами / Fuels and energy resources

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Fuels and energy resources"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Fuels and energy resources"

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Pokharel, Tika Ram, and Hom Bahadur Rijal. "Energy Transition toward Cleaner Energy Resources in Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 4243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084243.

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Анотація:
Energy is an important input for socioeconomic development and human well-being. The rationality of energy transitions toward cleaner energy resources is not only to improve individual living conditions, but also to enhance the economic growth of a nation. Nepal is considered to be one of the countries with a low per-capita electricity use, heavily relying on traditional energy resources such as firewood and agricultural residues. The country is rich in hydropower resources. However, various economic and socioeconomic constraints have left the significant potential for hydroelectricity untapped. This study describes the energy transition patterns in Nepal based on a literature review and field survey of household energy use in the winter. We collected data from 516 households in the Solukhumbu, Panchthar, and Jhapa districts of Nepal. The rate of per-capita electricity consumption was 330 kWh/capita/year, which is significantly lower than that of other contemporary global societies such as India 1000 and China 4900 kWh/capita/year. The increasing trend in hydroelectricity production has optimistically transformed the energy sector toward cleaner resources; this correlates with the GDP per capita. Solar home systems, mini- and micro-hydropower plants, biogas technology, and improved cook stoves have been widely used, which has lowered the health and environmental burdens in rural areas. By analysing the survey data, we found that 25% of the households only relied on traditional cooking fuel, while 67% and 8% of the households relied on mixed and commercial cooking fuels, respectively. Moreover, 77% and 48% of traditional and mixed-fuel-using households were unhappy with current cooking fuels while 40% and 66% of these households preferred to use clean cooking fuels. The share of traditional energy resources decreased from 78% to 68%, while that of commercial energy resources increased from 20% to 28% from 2014/15 to 2019/20. This study suggests that future energy policies and programs should acknowledge the reality of energy transition to achieve sustainability by establishing reliable and clean sources of energy.
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2

Suvorova, Iryna, Oleh Kravchenko, Vitalii Goman, and Ihor Baranov. "Criteria for Assessing the Energy-Ecological Effectiveness of using the Sludge of Waste Treatment Plants as Components of Liquid Composite Fuels." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n4p328.

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Анотація:
The challenging issues in the sustainable development of a state currently are the problems of protecting the environment from contamination, increasing the capacity of systems for recycling and reusing water, and the development of resource saving and non-waste technologies. The authors have developed and introduced the technology of hydrocavitation activation of liquid hydrocarbons to create composite fuels that can contain off-spec hydrocarbons, including stale fuel oil, oil tanker outwashes, stillage bottoms, coal, bio mass, industrial wastes and the sludge of wastewater treatment plants. The main criteria were defined for assessing the energy-ecological effectiveness of using sludge in municipal wastewater as a component of composite fuels. The criteria are as follows: the calorific capacity of the fuel mixture, the energy effectiveness of its use as an energy resource, consumer properties, and the environmental performance of combusting this kind of fuel. Using these criteria during the production and combustion of composite fuels obtained with hydrocavitation activation allows producing high-quality fuel mixtures with specified thermophysical and consumer properties. This opens the prospects of more effective usage of hydrocarbon resources and of solving simultaneously two problems: the production of surplus energy and environmental load reduction during the disposal and neutralisation of moisture-containing waste. Keywords: sludge; hydrocarbon resources; hydrocavitation activation; composite fuels; waste disposal and neutralisation
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3

Nehring, Richard. "Traversing the mountaintop: world fossil fuel production to 2050." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1532 (October 27, 2009): 3067–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0170.

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Анотація:
During the past century, fossil fuels—petroleum liquids, natural gas and coal—were the dominant source of world energy production. From 1950 to 2005, fossil fuels provided 85–93% of all energy production. All fossil fuels grew substantially during this period, their combined growth exceeding the increase in world population. This growth, however, was irregular, providing for rapidly growing per capita production from 1950 to 1980, stable per capita production from 1980 to 2000 and rising per capita production again after 2000. During the past half century, growth in fossil fuel production was essentially limited by energy demand. During the next half century, fossil fuel production will be limited primarily by the amount and characteristics of remaining fossil fuel resources. Three possible scenarios—low, medium and high—are developed for the production of each of the fossil fuels to 2050. These scenarios differ primarily by the amount of ultimate resources estimated for each fossil fuel. Total fossil fuel production will continue to grow, but only slowly for the next 15–30 years. The subsequent peak plateau will last for 10–15 years. These production peaks are robust; none of the fossil fuels, even with highly optimistic resource estimates, is projected to keep growing beyond 2050. World fossil fuel production per capita will thus begin an irreversible decline between 2020 and 2030.
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4

Gingerich, Jon, and Ole Hendrickson. "The theory of energy return on investment: A case study of whole tree chipping for biomass in Prince Edward Island." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69300-3.

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Анотація:
Industrial societies consume vast quantities of fossil fuel resources; the carbon dioxide released when these fuels are combusted is a major concern because of global warming. "Energy Return On Investment" (EROI) is the ratio of energy gain from a resource relative to the energy invested to achieve that gain. EROI analysis shows that the net energy available from fossil fuels decreases as resources are depleted, encouraging a transition to renewable resources which will not be depleted under sustainable management. Renewable resources can reduce net contributions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere; however, many sources of renewable energy require fossil fuel inputs into their production process. EROI analysis can also be used to determine renewable energy sources with the greatest energy gain, relative to the fossil fuel investment required to achieve that gain.One renewable source of energy with considerable potential for expansion in Canada is wood biomass. A case study of whole tree chipping (WTC) in Prince Edward Island revealed an EROI ratio of wood chip energy gained relative to fuel energy invested of 26.7:1. The major factor affecting the EROI for WTC was transport of the chips to the burning facilities: distance and load size were important components that should be considered when designing new burning facilities. There are some benefits and disadvantages of WTC not captured by EROI analysis that also need to be considered.
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5

Saakian, Alexander. "Research results on the use of combined fuels." АгроЭкоИнфо 4, no. 46 (July 22, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20214404.

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Анотація:
At present, much attention is paid to reducing the emission of harmful impurities into the atmosphere in exhaust gases. This is achieved by using alternative sources of thermal energy necessary for the operation of the internal combustion engine operating by using electrical energy and transferring existing internal combustion engines operating on liquid fuel (diesel or carburetor) to gas. At the same time, the issue of transferring energy resources used in agricultural production to the above-mentioned sources of thermal energy is very acute. This is since the transfer to alternative fuels requires a certain amount of money. This issue is especially acute in small farms that do not have sufficient funds to buy a new one or transfer existing energy resources to more environmentally friendly fuels. The presented article presents the results of studies on increasing the efficiency of using available energy resources and improving the quality of fuel combustion using a combined composition of the combustible mixture. Keywords: TRACTOR, FUEL, FUEL MIXTURE, TORQUE, EFFICIENT ENGINE POWER
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Ku Azman Shah, Ku Nur Afrina, Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop, Jafri Mohd Rohani, Nor Akmal Fadil, Mohd Faizal Hasan, Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin, Natrah Kamaruzaman, et al. "Solar and biomass potential of renewable energy in selected ASEAN countries and Japan." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2053, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2053/1/012018.

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Анотація:
Abstract ASEAN region is believed to have a great potential for biomass and solar energy generation due to its abundance of sunlight, rain, and fertile land. However, these resources are still underutilized as the current rate of renewable energy is relatively low, whereby most countries are still highly emphasizing fossil fuels. The use of fuel without replenishing the fuel source will ultimately deplete the resource in very much the same as fossil fuels currently utilized. While the concept of fuel replenishment seemed simple, the implementation posed a challenge to meet. This is where free energy in the form of solar, wind, wave, underground thermal, and biomass is being harnessed. Therefore, these forms of energy also have certain limitations depending on the geographical and the availability of the sources throughout the region. This study aims to analyze the current potential renewable energy scenario and future prospect of renewable energy resource for biomass and solar energy in selected ASEAN countries and Japan.
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7

Hodas, David R. "Law, the Laws of Nature and Ecosystem Energy Services: A Case of wilful Blindness." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 2 (May 3, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i2a2344.

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Анотація:
Ecosystems services include the collection, concentration, and storage of solar energy as fossil fuels (e.g., coal, petroleum, and natural gas). These concentrated forms of energy were produced by ancient ecosystem services. However, our legal and economic systems fail to recognise the value of the ecosystem service subsidies embedded in fossil fuels. This ecosystem services price subsidy causes overuse and waste of fossil fuels in the free market: fossil fuels are consumed more quickly than they can be replaced by ecosystem services and in far larger quantities than they would be if the price of fossil fuels included the cost of solar energy collection, concentration and manufacturing of raw fossil fuels. Moreover, burning fossil fuels produces enormous environmental, human health and welfare costs and damage.Virtually no legal literature on ecosystem services, sustainable development, or sustainable energy, considers fossil fuels in this context. Without understanding stored energy as an ecosystem service, we cannot reasonably expect to manage our fossil fuel energy resources sustainably. International and domestic energy law and policy systems generally ignore this feature of fossil fuel energy, a blind spot that explains why reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels is fundamentally a political challenge. This paper will use new understandings emerging from the field of complex systems to critique existing legal decision-making models that do not adequately account for energy ecosystem services in policy design, resource allocation and project approvals. The paper proposes a new "least-social-cost" decision-making legal structure that includes ecosystem energy services.
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8

Socha, Luboš, Vladimír Socha, Peter Čekan, Daniela Čekanová, Lenka Hanáková, and Tomáš Puškáš. "Perspectives of Use of Alternative Energy Sources in Air Transport." MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development 5, no. 1 (January 18, 2017): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/mad.2017.01.02.

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Анотація:
The problem of environmental load is also reflected in air transport. Usage of fossil fuels, which are dominant nowadays, has a negative impact on the environment and also its resources are limited. Therefore, the article focuses on the prospective of use of other energy sources in aviation, such as alternative fuels (synthetic fuels, biofuels, alcohol, methane, hydrogen), solar energy and the use of fuel cells. Also, the paper briefly summarizes the approach of aircraft manufacturers to the use alternative sources.
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9

Magnuson, Ann, and Stenbjörn Styring. "Molecular Chemistry for Solar Fuels: From Natural to Artificial Photosynthesis." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 6 (2012): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12114.

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Анотація:
The world needs new, environmentally friendly, and renewable fuels to exchange for fossil fuels. The fuel must be made from cheap, abundant, and renewable resources. The research area of solar fuels aims to meet this demand. This paper discusses why we need a solar fuel, and proposes solar energy as the major renewable energy source to feed from. The scientific field concerning artificial photosynthesis is expanding rapidly and most of the different scientific visions for solar fuels are briefly reviewed. Research strategies for the development of artificial photosynthesis to produce solar fuels are overviewed, with some critical concepts discussed in closer detail.
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10

Tonhauzer, Peter, and Marcela Morvova. "Use of Biomass and Waste for Energy Purposes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 832 (April 2016): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.832.109.

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Анотація:
This article focuses on the use of alternative renewable energy sources (waste and biomass) as a full replacement for traditional non-renewable resources. We focus on ways to increase the heating value of the raw materials by drying and pyrolysis, and the possibilities of influencing low heating value of fuels by using pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis generates heat and products, which may be used directly as fuel or after modification as additives for fuels. Pyrolysis is a suitable process for recovery of municipal, biological or contaminated waste. It contributes to a sustainable way of energy production and waste management. Moreover, the production in local conditions from local resources, increases land use, employment in the regions and energy self-sufficiency in the state. With combined production of fuels (pellets, briquettes) from biomass, wastes and pyrolysis products we expect to increase the heating value of well over 20 MJ.kg-1.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Fuels and energy resources"

1

Ivanytskyi, Maksym, and Максим Сергійович Іваницький. "Alternative energy from human heat." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50342.

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Анотація:
Альтернативні джерела енергії. Енергія вітру : навч. посіб. / С. В. Сиротюк, В. М. Боярчук, В. П. Гальчак. – Львів : Магнолія 2006, 2018. – 182 с. – ISBN 617-574-114-6. Альтернативна енергетика з використанням сонячних елементів : навч. вид. / В. Ю. Єрохов; Нац. ун-т "Львів. політехніка". - Львів : Сполом, 2015. - 116 c. - Бібліогр.: с. 113-116. Екологічний моніторинг: альтернативні джерела енергії : навч. посіб. / [В.Г. Сліпченко, О.В. Коваль, Л.Г. Полягушко та ін.]. - Київ : КПІ ім. І. Сікорського : Політехніка, 2019. - 368 с. Нетрадиційні джерела енергії: теорія і практика : монографія / Й. С. Мисак, І. М. Озарків, М. Г. Адамовський та ін. ; за ред. Й. С. Мисака, І. М. Озарківа ; М-во освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України, Нац. ун-т "Львів. політехніка", Нац. лісотехн. ун-т України. – Л. : НВФ "Укр. технології", 2013. – 356 с. : іл., табл. – Бібліогр.: с. 353-354 (25 назв). – ISBN 978-966-345-267-8 Нетрадиційні і поновлювані джерела енергії як альтернативні первинним джерелам енергії в регіоні : матеріали сьомої міжнар. наук.-практ. конф., 10-11 квіт. 2013 р., Львів : зб. наук. ст. / Львів. обл. адмін., Львів. міська рада, Нац. ун-т "Львів. політехніка [та ін.]. – Л. : ЛвДЦНІІ, 2013. – 230 с. – Тит. арк. парал. укр., англ.
There are many types of energy in the world that make up electricity, such as chemical, thermal, mechanical, nuclear and many others. The speciality of all types of energy are that they must have a source from which resources are fixed for the formation of an electric flow of energy. And that's a big problem. They depend on, so to speak, the source of certain energy - coal, water, nuclear fuel and so on. There is also a problem at the time that those resources are becoming scarce and people are starting to turn to alternative energy sources.
У світі існує багато видів енергії, з яких складається електрика, наприклад хімічні, термічні, механічні, ядерні та багато інших. Спеціальність усіх видів енергія полягає в тому, що вони повинні мати джерело, з якого закріплюються ресурси утворення електричного потоку енергії. І це велика проблема. Вони залежать від, отже так би мовити, джерело певної енергії - вугілля, вода, ядерне паливо тощо. є також проблема в той час, коли цих ресурсів стає дефіцитним, а людей починаючи звертатися до альтернативних джерел енергії.
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2

Gaslac, Lucero, Sebastian Willis, Grimaldo Quispe, and Carlos Raymundo. "A hybrid energy system based on renewable energy for the electrification of low-income rural communities." Institute of Physics Publishing, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624632.

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Анотація:
Electrification of low-income rural areas that have a limited connection or no access to electrical grids is one of the most demanding challenges in developing countries such as Peru. The international commitment to stop global warming and the reduction in the cost of renewable sources of energy have reduced the prices of fossil fuels in some cases. This has opened the way to the current research which proposes a hybrid energy system (HES) based on the use of renewable sources of energy. Therefore, a renewable electricity system (HRES) was set up at the village of Monte-Catache in the Cajamarca region, which is one of the poorest areas of Peru. Surveys and field studies were used to evaluate the socioeconomic characteristics, availability of renewable energy resources, and energy demand of this region. Potential energy sources were evaluated, and isolated photovoltaic systems with a battery bank were found to be the most appropriate according to the results obtained in the simulation with HOMER. This proposal constitutes an interesting contribution for future energy solutions in isolated and low-income rural areas.
Revisión por pares
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3

Mahlati, Andile. "Evaluating current energy management strategy : case study of an automotive manufacturer in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017152.

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Анотація:
Historically, the most frequently used energy sources have been those nearest and easiest to consume. Unfortunately, society’s reliance on fossil fuel for power generation has occurred at the expense of the environment, coal being a major contribution to carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Carbon dioxide is classified as a greenhouse gas (GHG); it contributes to the phenomenon of climate change (Haw & Hughes, 2007, p.1). According to Worrell (2011), industry uses nearly 40 percent of worldwide energy on economic activities. Value chain activities alone contribute almost 37 percent to global GHG. Organisations are socially and ethically required to minimise the carbon footprint of their operations. Reducing energy use makes perfect business sense; it saves money, enhances corporate reputations and helps everyone participate the fight against climate change (Carbon Trust, 2011). Gielen, Newman, and Patel (2008) strongly believe the overall energy and emissions trends can be mitigated through additional energy efficiency measures. However, implementing EnMS will enable organisations to establish systematic approaches and the processes necessary to improve energy performance, including energy efficiency, use and consumption (SANS 50001, 2011). The objective of this paper was to evaluate the current energy management strategy adopted by selected automotive manufacture in Eastern Cape. The research was motivated by the fact that previous researchers have focused more on technological aspects and less of management functions. The research paradigm followed in this paper was qualitative because a case study is used to gain an insight and understanding about more and less successful energy management strategies. In this report, background about the global energy outlook and its significant to economic development, factors behind energy demands, the link to climate change and providing effective energy management principles are covered. The energy management principles covered key elements for delivering successful energy management. Literature highlighted that, senior management commitment is the foundation of good energy management, which is delivered through a formal energy policy and a supporting energy strategy with action plan. High level commitment will provide: Advocacy from senior managers; Visibility of the issues across your organization; Impetus for the organisation to implement energy management; Resources, both human and financial. It will also demonstrate that good energy management is part of your organisation’s mission and as relevant as other management aspects. The empirical study is focused on the characteristics of the current management system and organisational structure employed with its relevant functions. Based on these reference points the paper concludes with recommendations for the case study organisation.
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4

Sällh, David. "Future North Sea oil production and its implications for Swedish oil supply regarding the transport sector : -A study on energy security and sustainability of future strategic resources." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Globala energisystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-187538.

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Анотація:
Historically, it has been negative to be dependent on only one resource, in the current situation this resource represents oil. The oil dependence is primarily in the transport sector. From a Swedish perspective oil is an energy resource mainly used in the transport sector. Much of the oil that Sweden imports has its origin in the North Sea. The oil production in the North Sea has however begun to decline, which highlights that oil is a finite resource. This also means that Sweden has to start importing oil from other countries, which may affect the Swedish energy security as these countries may be geographical further away and also be more political instable. It also implies that a transition from oil to renewable fuel within the transport sector is essential. The aim of this thesis is to study how Swedish energy security is affected by the oil production volumes in The North Sea. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part consists of updating historical data from recent analyses on North Sea oil production (i.e. Höök and Aleklett, 2008 and Höök et al., 2009a), and also create updated forecasts of future oil production for both Denmark and Norway. The second part investigates how production declines in the North Sea affect the Swedish oil imports. The final section examines how a shift to renewable fuels within the transport sector is possible, with a focus on natural resources. Finally some recommendations are presented on how Sweden could increase their energy security regarding the transport sector by introducing renewable fuels.
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Sanga, Godfrey Alois. "Avaliação de impactos de tecnologias limpas e substituição de combustiveis para cocção em residencias urbanas na Tanzania." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264905.

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Анотація:
Orientador: Gilberto De Martino Jannuzzi
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T16:21:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sanga_GodfreyAlois_M.pdf: 971523 bytes, checksum: 2bed5a0581e8c38cc4126dcaca4366bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar quantitativamente os impactos de melhoria de eficiência e de substituição de combustíveis para cocção na cidade de Dar es Salaam, na Tanzânia. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa, enfocando os países em desenvolvimento, sobre energia para cocção e as características que definem a energia limpa, baseado nos recomendados padrões de eficiência e de emissão de gases poluentes e substâncias particuladas. Discute-se, também os mecanismos de promoção e popularização das tecnologias eficientes e dos combustíveis limpos. E seguidamente, o trabalho apresenta uma análise comparativa entre a melhoria de eficiência e a substituição de combustíveis em relação à demanda de energia para cocção, poluição do ar em ambientes fechados, emissão de gases de efeito estufa e custos. Espera-se que este trabalho seja útil na formação de políticas para melhorar a oferta de energia para cocção em Dar es Salaam como também para reduzir o desmatamento, poluição do ar em ambientes fechados e a emissão de gases de efeito estufa provenientes de uso de combustíveis tradicionais na Tanzânia
Abstract: The objective of this study is to verify quantitatively the impacts of energy efficiency improvements and cooking fuels substitution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The analysis focuses on developing countries and entails infonnation on access to cooking fuels, technologies and characteristics which defme a clean cooking 'energy based on the recommended efficiency and emissions standards. It also analyses various promotion and dissemination mechanisms for different energy efficient technologies and clean cooking fuels. Finally, the study presents a comparative analysis of energy efficiency improvement and fuel substitution in terms of cooking energy demand, indoor air pollution, emission of green house gases and costs. It is hoped that this work will be useful in policy fonnulation to improve energy supply in Dar es Salaam as well as in reducing tree depletion, indoor air pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases from the use of charcoal in Tanzania
Mestrado
Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
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6

Olson, John C. "Structural Shifts in Agricultural Markets Caused by Government Mandates: Ethanol and the Renewable Fuels Standard." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/279.

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Анотація:
For many decades, demand for agricultural commodities has remained stagnant and its growth has been limited. In contrast, agricultural production continues to become ever more efficient by increasing output for stable or decreased inputs. Long-run profits have historically been near zero due to an ongoing relative equilibrium. But recent U.S. energy policy has changed to include a Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS), the goal of which is to boost domestic energy independence in an environmentally sound way. Most of the RFS in the near-term relies on the production of 15 billion gallons of ethanol made from corn. This has the effect of creating a new sector of demand for grain corn and subsequently supports rural economies. The RFS creates a new demand for 5.5 billion bushels of corn by 2015. At the corn-ethanol conversion ratio of 2.7 gallons per bushel, this will sustain the production of 15 billion gallons of ethanol. The RFS is a blending floor imposed on gasoline refiners. Ethanol producers, on the other hand, are not forced to supply ethanol. While the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has the authority to implement the RFS, it does not have the ability to expand ethanol supplies. The U.S. government has therefore supported the use of ethanol through a current 45 cent tax credit for each gallon of ethanol blended into gasoline. Other financial support programs such as grants and loan guarantees are in place for ethanol refiners. Ethanol in the U.S.is primarily made from the starchy molecules in corn. One bushel of corn in a dry mill ethanol plant will produce approximately 2.7 gallons of ethanol and 17 pounds of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) which can be used in livestock rations. A wet mill plant will produce other by-products. Ethanol can be used directly in the nation's fuel supply at limited levels of blending. Most cars in the United States can withstand the corrosive nature of ethanol in blends of up to 10% or more. But flex-fuel vehicles, which are able to operate on 85% ethanol are increasingly becoming available for sale and their use continues to grow. Corn ethanol is a very complex issue when implemented on such a large scale as the RFS dictates. The amount of transportation fuel actually displaced by its use is a hotly debated topic. In any case, the large scale production of corn ethanol has created a firm link between agricultural markets and the energy sector. Ethanol is also an environmental issue. One of the primary goals of the RFS is to combat global warming and whether or not this is achieved it currently in debate. Aside from the climate change issue, there are other environmental ramifications tied directly to ethanol such as contamination, water use and land-use change. Since the inception of the RFS, price volatility and uncertainty has never been greater. In the first half of 2008, prices for all commodities reached historically high levels. This raises the concern of the impacts with the RFS has on markets other than corn. The livestock industry and other grain markets have been affected to some degree by the RFS. This is in part due to the changing profile of the major trading participants in the commodity trading centers. All of this is related to a structural change which has taken place in the agricultural markets as a result of the RFS. Historical relationships between price, supply and demand have adjusted and currently continue to adjust. The reasons for the adjustments are founded in economic theory regarding system-wide demand shocks. In this case, the demand shock is roughly a net 50% increase in the demand for corn by 2015 compared to the most recent decade. The adjustments which take place can be summarized by three periods. In period 1, the demand curve shifts outward, equilibrium is lost and higher corn prices are observed. In period 2, the market struggles to find a new equilibrium by increasing output. This period is marked by increased volatility and market participants over and under react to price signals until the new equilibrium is discovered. Period three is represented by the discovery of a relative market equilibrium at price higher than previously, but not as high as the initial demand shock. Results from, a fundamental analysis of the grain markets show that the expected market behavior has begun to take place and agriculture finds itself in period 2 of the changes described above. While most of the price changes and acreage shifts can be explained, the degree to which prices have increased are not fully explained. A change in trading center activities (Boards of Trade, etc.) may help to further account for the new prices. A survey of brokers shows that the behavior of commercial traders has significantly changed since RFS implementation. Volatility and uncertainty have ensued. The consequences of the RFS to the farmer have also been significant. Farm income has increased significantly sufficiently to overcome the riding costs of fuel and fertilizer. The risk exposure of farmers has also changed; the data indicates that exposure to risk has increased greatly. However, the farm gate prices have been more than enough to compensate for the changes in risk.
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7

Vacek, Tomáš. "Posouzení možnosti připojení kogenerační výrobny 138 MW v Prostějově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219083.

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The goal of this project is to test the possibility to connect the Cogenerational generation of power 138 MW (still in the development stage) to the control room 110 kV in Prostejov production. This merge would product the electrical energy as well as the heat energy for all local area. In this dissertation we will be considering the solution of the steady state (stationary state) of system with the voltage level of 110kV, as well as the influence of the generation of power on this system, there by the suggesting a connection. The Congenerational production indicates higher effectiveness in the transformation of energy during primary production process due to the production of heat energy as well as the electrical energy from the primary power sources. In our country, as well as around the world, commonly used fuels are fossil fuels- coal, crude oil, and gas. As the demand for energy grows, those supplies are slowly running out. Not to mention that those fuels have a negative environmental impact. They are a source of carbon, which causes damage to the atmosphere and leads to global warming. Power plants which do not produce carbon are much safer for the environment, and much more productive. However, the residue of this energy is challenging to dispose of. Nuclear energy has common attributes with renewing the sources of energies that are extremely friendly to our environment. Nuclear power plants also produce enough energy and with the usage of Fourth generation reactors, they will be able to recycle the nuclear fuels. Today, more importance is put on renewing sources which are more gentle for the environment. In the near future, CEZ Company, the largest producer of electric energy is planning to use water energy. Water energy comes from water plants or dams. Other ecological forms of energy include geothermal and solar energies. These two types of energy are not as applicable for our geographical position. Geothermal energy is commonly used on islands where there is an abundance of natural hot springs. The most discussed source of energy is bioenergy. It uses natural wood sources, recycled wood products, and applies bioenergy as a main source for thermal power plants.
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8

Demianchuk, O., and A. Chaikivska. "Energy efficiency and the economic crisis." Thesis, SumyState University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45288.

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At this stage of the Ukrainian economy development the problem of energy shortages has escalated, as a result of resources of energy-intensive production, inefficient use of fuel and energy resources (FER), reducing own sources and increasing prices for imported ones. Economic growth in Ukraine depend on the amount of own available resources, potential of energy efficiency and energy intensity of leading industries.
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9

Lagerberg, Charlotte. "Emergy analysis of the resource use in greenhouse crop production and of the resource basis of the Swedish economy /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5742-4.pdf.

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10

Москальчук, Ю. Г. "Забезпечення енергетичної безпеки підприємства в умовах кризи". Thesis, ВНТУ, 2018. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/21205.

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Розглянуто питання енергетичної безпеки підприємства. Проведено діагностику загроз в енергетичній сфері. Надано перспективні заходи для досягнення енергетичної стабільності підприємства.
The issues of energy security of the enterprise are considered. Diagnostics of threats in the energy sector was conducted. Provision of promising measures to achieve the energy stability of the enterprise.
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Книги з теми "Fuels and energy resources"

1

1935-, Coles Peter S., ed. Fuels and energy. London: Macdonald Educational, 1985.

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Santrey, Laurence. Energy and fuels. Mahwah, N.J: Troll Associates, 1985.

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3

Aldridge, Bill G. Energy sources and natural fuels. Washington, D.C: National Science Teachers Association, 1993.

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4

Rau, Dana Meachen. Alternative energy beyond fossil fuels. Minneapolis, Minn: Compass Point Books, 2010.

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Energy from fossil fuels. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2001.

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6

Raum, Elizabeth. Fossil fuels and biofuels. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2008.

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7

Benduhn, Tea. Energy for today: Ethanol and other new fuels. Pleasantville, NY: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2009.

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8

Marcovitz, Hal. Can renewable energy replace fossil fuels? San Diego, CA: ReferencePoint Press, 2011.

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Biomass for renewable energy, fuels, and chemicals. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998.

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10

Jones, Clifford. Dictionary of energy and fuels. Dunbeath: Whittles, 2007.

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Частини книг з теми "Fuels and energy resources"

1

Wiser, Wendell H. "Gaseous and Liquid Fuels from Coal." In Energy Resources, 125–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1226-3_5.

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Wiser, Wendell H. "Fuels from Oil Shale, Tar Sands, Biomass, Waste." In Energy Resources, 155–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1226-3_6.

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3

Kumara Behera, Basanta, and Ajit Varma. "From Algae to Liquid Fuels." In Microbial Resources for Sustainable Energy, 123–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33778-4_3.

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4

Wiser, Wendell H. "Fossil Fuel Reserves Versus Consumption." In Energy Resources, 173–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1226-3_7.

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5

Sharma, Nivedita, and Poonam Sharma. "Application of Enzymes in Sustainable Liquid Transportation Fuels Production." In Sustainable Biotechnology- Enzymatic Resources of Renewable Energy, 219–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95480-6_9.

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6

Kanazawa, Mark. "Fossil fuel energy." In Natural Resources and the Environment, 134–52. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429022654-8.

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7

Nock, William J. "How biotechnology can be used to develop sustainable fuels and energy resources." In Sustainable Energy in Kazakhstan, 209–28. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Central Asia research forum: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315267302-14.

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8

Li, Zheng, Angelo Amorelli, and Pei Liu. "China’s Fossil Fuel Resources." In Informing Choices for Meeting China’s Energy Challenges, 35–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2353-8_4.

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9

Amin, Sakib Bin, and Saanjaana Rahman. "Fuel Diversification and Future Energy Security in Bangladesh." In Energy Resources in Bangladesh, 27–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02919-7_5.

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10

Kumara Behera, Basanta, and Ajit Varma. "Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)." In Microbial Resources for Sustainable Energy, 181–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33778-4_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Fuels and energy resources"

1

Pearson, R. J., and J. W. G. Turner. "Exploitation of Energy Resources and Future Automotive Fuels." In 2007 Fuels and Emissions Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0034.

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2

Alleyne, N. A., and V. Stoute. "Options for Monetising Deep Water Gas in Trinidad and Tobago." In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169926-ms.

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Abstract Notwithstanding the global thrust to develop renewable sources of energy, fossil fuels, coal, crude oil and natural gas are expected to play a significant role in meeting the world's energy needs for decades to come. Natural gas with the highest hydrogen concentration among the fossil fuels is the preferred fossil fuel from an environmental impact standpoint. Trinidad and Tobago, like the rest of the world, is taking its petroleum exploration activities into deep water, its onshore and continental shelf provinces being fully explored. The development of petroleum reservoirs in deep water has many challenges. This paper explores the unique challenges posed by developing deep water gas fields with a focus on the options available for monetising the natural gas produced from these fields. The options for getting gas to market are well known and include pipelines, liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), gas to solid petrochemicals (GTS), gas to liquids (GTL) and gas to wire (GTW). Most of these options are operating in Trinidad and Tobago. The paper evaluates the financial outcomes from applying the pipeline, LNG and CNG options, either offshore or onshore, for gas extracted from deep water fields across a range of reserve levels and well productivities. It aims to establish criteria for deciding which means of monetisation is preferred. The reserve and productivity ranges reflect typical values encountered in the deep water provinces in Latin America, North America and Africa. These provinces account for 85% of all the deep water fields and 74 % the deep water reserves which have been discovered worldwide. Because the paper focuses on the monetisation of natural gas, its findings will be applicable to any successful deep water exploration in Trinidad and Tobago because all situations, even the discovery of oil, will require that the associated gas be handled. The handling of gas has the potential of being on the critical path in deciding on the development of deep water fields in Trinidad and Tobago.
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3

Mohite, S. D. D. "Downstream Refining and Petrochemicals Challenges - Future Configuration." In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169979-ms.

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Abstract Precise predictions and solutions for tomorrow's needs are the key to building a growing, sustainable business. This requires a mixture of vision, strategic risk taking business model and investment in new technology. Refining trends forecast is useful for predicting possible landscape, where in challenge would be to meet twice the energy levels from today with half the CO2 emissions by 2030. Increasing and diversification of world's energy supplies to support the population of over 8 billion then would be a mammoth task, given that the triangle of energy, food and water will be crucial. Three fundamental factors that will influence and shape this setting are: Global products demand will rise by 1.1% - 1.3% annually by 2030 to over 115 million barrels per day, with marginal influence of crude oil prices;Reinforced legislation targeting reduction of GHG emissions, requiring improved clean transportation and bunker fuels - accounting 2/3rd of total demand and growth;Refining and Petrochemicals form the backbone of global economics and meeting demand with inevitable steady profitability is a major task possibly also using alternative unconventional sources. In competitive context – innovation, operational excellence and implementation of robust strategies are critical for sustenance and growth. Project returns can however be enhanced by incorporating integration principles and model at the design stage itself. Whilst development pace of new technologies would accelerate which can radically alter business structure in certain geographies, question remains on what makes a successful project come to fruition. The presentation discusses futuristic economic unlocking of value by application of technology models and best practices by utilizing various feed-stocks, including natural gas as a main competitor and maximum upgrading bottom-of-the-barrel. Besides, novel process designs and operational control would be squeezed as it is invariably the last fraction which is most difficult to remove! This paper contains forward-looking scenario about global Refining strategy, Petrochemicals feed-stock cost advantages, technology diversification routes to maximize returns from cheaper sources, financial performance and economics, growth opportunities in various countries, sectors or markets, besides a focus on Europe and GCC regions and current projects in Kuwait. However, these involve uncertainty as they depend mainly on future circumstances like commercializing R&D, not all of which can be controlled or accurately predicted, hence are directional for investment decisions.
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4

Dobran, Flavio. "Sustainability Attributes and Their Implementation in Energy Resources Utilization." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54269.

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Energy generation with fossil fuels produces emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and releases toxic chemicals into the environment. Greenhouse gases produce global warming which can cause climate change and costly human displacements. Toxic chemicals released into the environment produce health problems and damage the ecosystems. With fossil fuels providing today over 85% of energy needs and the Earth’s population projected to increase by several billion people and energy needs projected to double by the middle of this century, considerable pressure exists to develop sustainable energy supply services. This poses an enormous challenge to engineers, economists, and policy makers. The energy mix required to produce energy for humanity depends on the availability of energy resources, security of energy supply, climate change requirements, technological breakthroughs, financial conditions, and public acceptance. Population, standard of living, toxic and greenhouse gas emissions, thermodynamic limits imposed on biophysical processes, and economics and ethics of resource utilization produce some key sustainability indicators or attributes that need to be employed for guiding our path toward a sustainable energy future. Following a general discussion of indicators and frameworks of indicators, a small number of energy supply values or objectives are presented for the purpose of developing attributes that can measure the degree of accomplishment of these objectives. A systems approach is then employed to define indicators for generic energy supply services and a risk-based multi-criteria decision making procedure is presented for deciding which energy supply service option is most sustainable. The methodology can be applied locally, regionally, and globally, by both the energy services providers and energy policy makers.
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5

Blokland, Eur Ing A. J., I. P. Barendregt, and C. J. C. M. Posthumus. "The adaptable energy platform." In Marine Electrical and Control Systems Safety Conference. IMarEST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-8198.2019.009.

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The Netherlands Ministry of Defence (MoD) has issued an Operational Energy Strategy (OES) with ambition targets for energy independence and improvement of energy efficiency during the life time of naval platforms. A target is given in 2030 of 20 % reduced dependence on fossil fuels and in 2050 of 70 % reduced dependence on fossil fuels, compared to 2010. More stringent environmental emission (NOx, CO2, etc.) requirements are to be expected as a result from IMO and (local) political regulations. In the last decades the power consumption on board of naval platforms increased substantially as well as the complexity of integrated energy systems. Market surveys shows that the evolution of commercial green technologies are promising but have to be demonstrated in the coming years on low power and energy levels. They will not be de-risked in depth or well proven to be successful in time to be selected for the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN) new naval projects (2019 – 2025). Furthermore, new technologies as energy resources and carriers (H2, LNG, methanol, power-to-liquid (PTL), etc.) or new system technologies (DC on high voltage level, fuel cell systems, waste energy recovery, etc.) require a new approach for integration aspects like hazard and safety cases and energy efficiency. This is because the energy demand on board of naval platforms in several military operational modes differ from the merchant and off-shore branch. In this paper an approach for an adaptable energy platform is described to design a new naval platform based on nowadays proven technology as fossil fuels that can be transformed during life time that can fulfill the expectations and requirements of the coming decades (non-fossil fuels, zero emission, improved energy efficiency). Aspects as a naval energy index as reference will be discussed as well as an evaluation of new technologies for new naval platform integration design parameters, such as power or energy demands, consequences of energy resources, energy control as well as build in ship construction safety measures.
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Tamme, Rainer, Reiner Buck, Michael Epstein, Uriyel Fisher, and Chemi Sugarmen. "Solar-Upgrading of Fuels for Generation of Electricity." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-162.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel process comprising solar upgrading of hydrocarbons by steam reforming in solar specific receiver reactors and utilizing the upgraded, hydrogen-rich fuel, in high efficiency conversion systems, such as gas turbines or fuel cells. In comparison to conventionally heated processes, about 30 % of fuel can be saved with respect to the same specific output. Such processes can be used in small scale as a stand-alone system for off-grid markets, as well as in large scale to be operated in connection with conventional combined-cycle plants. The solar reforming process has an intrinsic potential for solar/fossil hybrid operation, as well as a capability of solar energy storage to increase the capacity factor. The complete reforming process will be demonstrated in the SOLASYS project, supported by the European Commission in the JOULE/THERMIE framework. The project has been started in June 1998. The SOLASYS plant is designed for 300 kWel output, it consists of the solar field, the solar reformer and a gas turbine, modified to enable operation both on fossil fuel as well as on the product gas from the solar reformer. The SOLASYS plant will be operated at the experimental solar test facility of the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. Start-up of the pilot plant is scheduled for the end of the year 2000. The midterm goal is to replace fossil fuel feedstock by renewable or non conventional feedstocks in order to increase the share of renewable energy and to establish processes with only minor or no CO2 emissions. Examples are given for solar upgrading of bio-gas from municipal solid waste as well as for upgrading of weak gas resources. With some feedstock pretreatment (removal of sulfur components, adjustment of composition) the product gases after solar reforming can be used for further processing to methanol or other chemical compounds.
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7

Mohite, S. D. D. "LNG Imports - A Strategic Choice for GCC Region." In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169980-ms.

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Abstract Although Middle East region is blessed with 43% of global proven gas reserves equivalent at 80 trillion cubic meters, of which 50 % are in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, apart from the challenge of historic under-investment, regional gas endowments have been highly uneven and unique. The region is responding to gas shortages by boosting supplies through a combination of E&P developments and imports. As per IEA, the current 240 billion cubic meters (BCM) demand is expected to rise to 300 BCM by 2020 and 600 BCM by 2030. About 90% of incremental energy demand for power generation would come from gas then. Strategic investment will have to focus on creating large volumes of storage capacity as well as peak deliverability to cope with rising imports and power demand requirements. Currently, Dubai and Kuwait import LNG through floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) projects. At first these imports were seasonal (i.e. summer demand for electricity for air conditioning) and on a spot or short-term basis. Now, demand extends into all but the winter months and soon demand will be year round. The expansion of FSRU in Kuwait in to a permanent facility would increase capacity from 500 MMSCF/d to 3 BCF/d in two phases. This 11.0 million ton per annum (MMTPA) Kuwaiti LNG project under phase-I, is likely to replace the country's FSRU by 2020, mainly to replace the fuel oil firing in power plants. Abu Dhabi is developing a 8.7 MMTPA project in the Emirate of Fujairah on the Indian Ocean outside the Strait of Hormuz. Depending on supply-demand dynamics, Abu Dhabi may be both an importer and exporter of LNG, possibly relying on gas from the Shah and Bab fields. Bahrain has plans to develop 3.6 MMPTA shore-based import facility. Oman has combined Oman LNG and Qalhat LNG projects for integrated benefits, is developing unconventional gas reserves and would reduce gas subsidies to improve the demand equilibrium. Yemen continues to export LNG but has interruptions because of security issues. While Qatar gains geo-political benefits from its broader LNG export customers, with plans to expand its LNG capacity further, the possibility of it supplying gas to its neighbors is remote. Whereas, Saudi Arabia is better dedicated to its oil-field development, has realized benefits of developing and commercializing its gas fields, for both power and job generation. In view of the above, LNG thus remains a strategic choice for GCC countries mainly due to: Most environment-friendly and efficient option for rapidly escalating power demand at ~ 8% p.a.Techno-economics favoring fuel mix of LSFO and LNG for power and industries, instead of crude and dieselRefinery-Petrochemical integration becomes a more viable optionLimitations on geo-technical and geo-political contentious issues on developing non-associated gas fieldsChallenges on speeding up trade and strengthening exchange of power using 2009-set GCC grid, at full capacitySlow diversification into high-profile renewable power projects and its bold initiatives
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Hightower, Mike. "Emerging Energy Development Demands on Water." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41173.

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Currently, electric power generation is one of the largest water withdrawal and use sectors in the U.S. Additionally, future energy development such as biofuels production, hydrogen fuel or synthetic fuels production, oil shale development, carbon sequestration, or nuclear power development could significantly increase water use and consumption. On the other hand, water resource development — distribution, treatment, and transmission — is one of the largest energy use sectors. As future demands for energy and water continue to increase, competition for water between the energy, domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors, could significantly impact the availability of water supplies for energy development, thus impacting reliability and security of future energy production and electric power generation. Therefore, it is critical that water and energy resources planning and development be integrated and coordinated across state and regional boundaries. This paper provides a short overview of the emerging energy-water challenges and issues identified in a recent series of national workshops on energy and water related issues as well as summarizing the research and development needs to address these emerging energy and water challenges.
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9

Wattie, J. "Reducing Latent Failure and Securing Productivity in High Risk Systems Using High Reliability Theory." In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169932-ms.

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Abstract This is a study that represents ongoing academic research into the folds of perception, organizational culture and high reliability. In the shadow of persistent industrial failures it is probable that problems with operational safety reside in abnormalities of culture. Such cultural apparitions regularly fuel failure in high risk technologies making innovation rather unreliable. As innovation grows it is worth the effort to investigate further how resilience in the face of eternal socio-technical biases can be improved. Problem solving approaches offer regressive ideas that increase the chances of deviation and the appearace of disasters. The assumption is that resilience can be improved in critical operations using High Reliability Theory (HRT). Moreover HRT is more robust when the new constructive method of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is applied. This early study shows that existing safety culture in a highly reliable group is positively transformed by AI and makes a more productive organization feasible. Research was conducted from the characteristic insider perspective. A small section of a highly reliable organization was sampled. Using ethnographic methodology feedback from electronic surveying collected personal responses for discussion. While individual interviews proved difficult and the sample group was small there was enough evidence to acknowledge the influence of positive revolution. This study had two major findings a) Using AI methodology stimulates positive, resilient feelings in members and b) members readily used these positive experience to envision a more productive organization. This study can potentially reduce over emphasis on problem solving methods to explain and change the human factors associated with failure. Cultural factors are better studied and modified by positive influence. The study here makes way for more persuasive academic discussion on resilience by constructivist perspectives. High reliability organizations are more sustainably designed on positive principles.
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Keller, Michael F. "An Unexpected Sustainable Energy Solution." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91218.

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A recently patented hybrid technology may prove to be an energy game-changer. This innovative integrated combined cycle uses two fuels and a large gas (combustion) turbine in tandem with a small, efficient helium nuclear reactor to cleanly produce electrical power. The hybrid approach to energy sustainability combines the strengths of individual energy assets to yield an optimal solution to meet the planet’s needs. This integration is more effective than the sum of the individual technologies by themselves. The hybrid is able to efficiently use all of fuel resources available in the US in a single power plant. The hybrid-nuclear family of technologies is a fail-safe, environmentally friendly and evolutionary new direction for nuclear power and energy production.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Fuels and energy resources"

1

Marland, G., and T. Boden. Carbon dioxide releases from fossil-fuel burning: Statement before the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5906128.

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2

Melaina, Marc W., Garvin Heath, Debra Sandor, Darlene Steward, Laura Vimmerstedt, Ethan Warner, and Karen W. Webster. Transportation Energy Futures Series: Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Expansion: Costs, Resources, Production Capacity, and Retail Availability for Low-Carbon Scenarios. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1079728.

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3

Melaina, W., Garvin Heath, Debra Sandor, Darlene Steward, Laura Vimmerstedt, Ethan Warner, and Karen W. Webster. Transportation Energy Futures Series: Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Expansion: Costs, Resources, Production Capacity, and Retail Availability for Low-Carbon Scenarios. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1337802.

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4

Hasan, Shahid, and Rami Shabaneh. The Economics and Resource Potential of Hydrogen Production in Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp24.

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Energy transition discussions, policymakers are increasingly viewing hydrogen as a preferred emissions-free substitute for oil, natural gas and coal in hard-to-abate sectors. However, hydrogen is not a primary energy source but rather is a carrier of energy. Many factors, including its source and the technology used to manufacture it, influence its production costs. Currently, hydrogen manufacturing processes themselves have significant carbon footprints. Thus, for hydrogen to be accepted as a low-carbon fuel source, its production methods must also be decarbonized.
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5

Hannigan, P., J. C. Harrison, and K. Osadetz. Energy resources and assessment. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210397.

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6

Berry, K. Joel, and Susanta K. Das. 21st Century Renewable Fuels, Energy, and Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056041.

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7

Author, Not Given. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Information Resources Catalogue: A Collection of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Information Resources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10113502.

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8

Reiter, Emerson. Interconnection of Distributed Energy Resources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1373085.

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9

Canavan, G. Economics of nonrenewable energy resources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7146451.

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10

Marchand, Alan P. High Energy Density Solid and Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada210195.

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