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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "French cities"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 грудня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "French cities"

1

Downing, Joseph. "Rapping French Cities in the 1990s." French Politics, Culture & Society 38, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 136–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2020.380307.

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The scholarship on French rap has thus far paid too little attention to social boundary making. This is important given the long-standing sociological importance of territorial boundaries in creating and reenforcing marginalization, especially for ethnic and racial minorities, in French cities. This article highlights the process of boundary making by presenting an analysis of 364 rap tracks from the 1990s. The results demonstrate stark contrasts: 94 percent of Marseille rappers depict boundaries at the city level, while 68 percent of Paris rappers use districts (arrondissements and suburban départements) as the key signifiers of boundary making. Paris rap follows an established pattern of brightening existing socioeconomic and territorial boundaries through lyrics that focus on alienation and marginalization. Rap from Marseille follows a countervailing logic of blurring socioeconomic and territorial boundaries through lyrics that strive to capture a lived, inclusive multiculturalism in the city.

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2

Ranum, Orest. "French Cities and Wars of Religion." Journal of Jesuit Studies 8, no. 4 (September 3, 2021): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-08040007.

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3

Body-Gendrot, Sophie. "Deconstructing Youth Violence in French Cities." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 13, no. 1 (2005): 4–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571817053558275.

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4

Pumain, D., Th Saint-Julien, and L. Sanders. "Urban dynamics of some French cities." European Journal of Operational Research 25, no. 1 (April 1986): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(86)90108-6.

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5

Jones, Colin. "FRENCH CROSSINGS: I. TALES OF TWO CITIES." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 20 (November 5, 2010): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440110000034.

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ABSTRACTUnder the general title, ‘French Crossings’, the presidential addresses over the next four years will explore intersections and relationships between cultures, periods, disciplines, approaches, historiographies and problems, all within the general field of early modern and modern French history. ‘Tales of Two Cities’ takes as its approach both comparative history andl'histoire croisée. It compares and contrasts the very differing cultural impact on each side of the Channel of one of the most influential British novels about Franco-British political culture, namely, Charles Dickens'sA Tale of Two Cities(1859). The novel has been conventionally hailed in England, especially from the end of the nineteenth century, as a parable unfavourably contrasting France's revolutionary tradition with the allegedly more humane political evolutionism of England. In France, the novel has been largely ignored or else viewed as a Burkean rant. Yet Dickens's personal attitudes towards France and in particular Paris suggests a more ambiguous and complicated history. For Dickens, modern Paris, as regenerated under Haussmann, was a brilliant success story against which he contrasted both Paris in the 1790s and the social and political circumstances he claimed to detect within English metropolitan culture in the recent past and present. Dickens views the radical and disinherited workers’ suburb of the Faubourg Saint-Antoine less, it is suggested, as quintessentially French than as quintessentially plebeian, and the prospect of a slide into revolutionary politics as a lurking threat within England as well as France.

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6

Darin, Michael. "French belt boulevards." Urban Morphology 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2000): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v4i1.3867.

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As the evolution of French belt boulevards clearly shows, it is the interaction between urban planning and 'spontaneous' urban dynamics which creates urban forms, in this case prestigious ones. A comparison of twenty such boulevards in a number of cities provides insights into the formation and transformation of these major urban forms, their morphological features and their role in contemporary urban planning.

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7

Horn, Jeff. "The Urban Environment in Early Modern French Cities." Journal of Urban History 26, no. 3 (March 2000): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009614420002600305.

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8

Charlot, Sylvie, and Gilles Duranton. "Cities and Workplace Communication: Some Quantitative French Evidence." Urban Studies 43, no. 8 (July 2006): 1365–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980600776459.

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9

Puissant, Sylvette, and Claude Lacour. "Mid-sized French cities and their niche competitiveness." Cities 28, no. 5 (October 2011): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.05.008.

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10

Wurtzel, Ellen. "Passionate Encounters, Public Healing." French Historical Studies 46, no. 3 (August 1, 2023): 331–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10454811.

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Abstract This article focuses on the resurgence of urban bathhouses (called estuves in French after the stoves that heated them) between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries in Paris and other northern French-speaking cities. Popular and widespread institutions, bathhouses contributed to both individual well-being and civic health in cities across the kingdom. Using medical treatises, trial records, literary sources, and archival documentation, the article argues that bathhouses encouraged sociability, brought disparate groups together, and were in fact essential to the circulation and well-being of people in medieval cities as places of emotional community.

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Дисертації з теми "French cities"

1

Boughton, ZoeÌˆ Collette. "Phonological variation in contemporary standard french : a tale of two cities." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401835.

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2

Raimond, dit Yvon Margaux. "Defining Local Sustainability: Usage and Potentialities of Sustainable Development Indicators in French Cities." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204944.

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This study focuses on the sustainable development indicators at a local level. For twenty years indicators have been validated both by the international and the French frameworks as a tool for local sustainability. Identifying and developing a set of indicators demands a reflection on the sustainable development theories and represents a passageway from theory to practice, crystallizing all the unanswered questions left or discrepancies between theories. Analyzing the content of sustainable development indicators (i.e., not how the numerical value is provided but what it measures) seem to be an interesting path to look for what dimensions and interpretations of sustainable development are taken into account by the cities and intercommunalities and how this can give clues on their interpretation of urban sustainability. It is also an opportunity to explore how the indicators are used and if the municipalities are taking advantages of all their potentialities. After a classification and analysis of more than 1800 indicators distributed between 21 French cities and intercommunalities, several observations have been made. First of all, the different facets on sustainability are taken into account and the connections with French policies are made. However, the quality and coherence are very diverse and uneven from one city and another. The municipalities lack transparency about the evolution of indicators and they are not taking advantages of the communication potential of the indicators towards the public. Also, the indicators are rarely if ever kept on the long term so far. To sum up, indicators of sustainability at a local level represent a way to push the debates and views over sustainable development on a new level. But they are also encountering obstacles from a lack of knowledge and because of the difficulty to define and apply sustainable development. If knowledge and pedagogy are slowly spreading, much is left to learn about how to create a shareable vision of the future as well as common values and a common culture within a community.

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3

Kihtir, Ozturk Pelin. "Urban Transformation Of Ottoman Port Cities In The Nineteenth Century: Change From Ottoman Beirut To French Mandatory Beirut." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607699/index.pdf.

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This thesis attempts to give the increasing importance of Ottoman port cities in the urban hierarchy during the nineteenth century and analyzes the urban transformation of these cities under the forces of changing administrative and socio-economic structure of the empire. The impact of European economic penetration and Ottoman Tanzimat Reforms were indicated as major causes for this changing structure. Beirut, being one of the major port cities of the Ottoman Empire is studied as a case study. The changing administrative and socio-economic structure of the Empire created an urban transformation which changed the city to a cosmopolitan trade capital from a small fortified port city.

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4

Trippe, William Micah. "Where are the urban mechanics? : the case of the French city film 1926-1930." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610501.

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5

Jackson, Claire Marie. "Journeys through romance space : the role of horses, ships, tents and cities in Middle English and Old French romance." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/7779b742-f88d-4776-a2ad-548d554df438.

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This thesis explores four aspects of transportation and setting in Middle English and Old French romance: horses, ships, tents and cities. Despite the fact that they have to varying extents been previously neglected by literary critics, these topics prove interesting, not only in their own right but also for the contributions they make to the structure of a romance tale. Horses and ships are the subjects of the first two chapters, and are seen to function quite differently from each other as modes of transport for romance heroes and heroines. The wide range of story motifs in which they feature (often topoi developed from earlier literary sources) is indicated. In addition, I discuss the horse in its role as far more than a simple means of transport, in the instances when it is elevated to near-human status and may even be considered a protagonist in the story. Tents and pavilions are examined in the third chapter and found to be a remarkable form of portable setting, capable of transforming space in a number of fascinating ways. A survey is made of the many different scenarios in which they commonly appear, ranging from martial contexts and tournaments to backdrops for amorous liaisons. The thesis then concludes with a study of two texts, Le Bel Inconnu and Partonope of Blois, which are unusual because each features a city (or cities) as a prominent location. I ask why urban settings are uncommon in romance and look at how the two authors accommodate such static space in their tales of romance. My first three chapters focus on various aspects of the knight errant's journeying (typically at the centre of any medieval romance), while the final chapter seeks to understand if such a hero can ever be accommodated in an immobile cityscape.

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6

Matos, Érika Paula de. "A revolução e a (im)possibilidade da reforma em A tale of two cities de Charles Dickens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-17092015-120220/.

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O objetivo desta tese é analisar como o romance A Tale of Two Cities de Charles Dickens reflete em sua estrutura questões políticas importantes que estavam presentes na sociedade inglesa no século XIX, principalmente a formação na Inglaterra de uma cultura antirrevolucionária que pintava a Revolução, usando o exemplo Francês, como um episódio comandado por uma multidão desvairada e fora de controle. Essa cultura encontra-se presente na forma como Dickens figurou a Revolução Francesa, nas incessantes comparações que faz entre a França e a Inglaterra e na constante oscilação no posicionamento do narrador. Ao mesmo tempo, a análise do romance nos permite ver que essa mesma cultura não excluiu totalmente a percepção de que a situação clamava por mudanças. Nossa hipótese é que subjacente ao enredo do romance e aderido à sua estrutura encontra-se a discussão acerca de duas soluções para a crise pressentida: a Reforma e a Revolução. O romance suscita, por causa da volubilidade do narrador, a defesa das duas posições, ora pendendo para a Revolução, pela crítica à aristocracia, ora para a Reforma, ao promover a demonização das massas. Defenderemos que essa oscilação culmina na construção de uma terceira solução, que, apesar de ser à primeira vista conservadora, torna-se radical ao expor a impossibilidade de outra saída política quando a Revolução é excluída do horizonte de possiblidades.
The objective of this thesis is to analyze how the novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens reflects in its structure important political issues which were part of the English society in the 19th Century, mainly the construction of a counter-revolutionary culture which portrayed the Revolution, using the French example, as an episode led by a crazed mob. This culture is present in the way Dickens depicted the Revolution, in the recurrent comparisons between France and England and in the continuous shift in the narrators opinion. At the same time, the analysis of the novel enables us to observe that this very culture did not exclude the perception that the situation claimed for changes. Our hypothesis is that the issue underlying the plot of the novel and interwoven in its structure is the discussion about two solutions to the perceived crisis: Reform and Revolution. The novel raises, because of the volubility of the narrator, arguments in the defense of both positions, sometimes advocating the Revolution in the criticism against the aristocracy, sometimes supporting the Reform, in the demonising of the mob. We argue that the alternation between these two positions culminates in the construction of a third solution, which, althought conservative at first sight, turns out to be radical for exposing the impossilbity of any other political solution when the Revolution is excluded as a possiblility.

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7

Garbaye, R. "A comparison of the strategies of management of ethnic conflict of French and British cities : the cases of Birmingham, Lille, and Roubaix, 1980-2000." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368867.

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8

Wang, Shao-Hua. "Mind the gap : flânerie in Baudelaire and Woolf." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9a28615d-6b38-4940-adc8-0acee67ebcc8.

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This research stems from an interest in the role of the flâneur and his interaction with the city. The flâneur has been theorised as one of the most prominent figures in understanding modernity. This study draws upon two well-known modernist writers, Baudelaire and Woolf, using their literary flânerie to understand modernity from a twenty-first-century vantage point. The purpose of this thesis is to interrogate and reinterpret the notion of modernity: experience of modernity is that of spatiotemporal dislocation, a sense of in-betweenness that can be likened to the gap between a train and the platform. From the gap imagery, this thesis explores the paradoxical nature of modernity demonstrated in the writing of Baudelaire and Woolf. While existing studies have discussed the theme of flânerie extensively, the discourse is dominated by Benjaminian assumptions, which results in a visuo-centric bias. With recourse to Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, this thesis provides a more holistic understanding of the intertwining relationship between the flâneur, the city, the writer, and the text. Comparing the flâneur to a writerly device, this study explains how the flâneur offers the writer a novel perspective on the city. The aim of the writer's manipulation of the flâneur is to approach what I call line-scape. This notion designates an ideal literary horizon which the writer constantly endeavours to reach, to no avail. Various implications of line-scape are investigated, most notably through landscape painting tradition, to highlight the way in which the writer deploys the flâneur figure as an implied observer of line-scape. Translation theories and phenomenology-inspired studies are also incorporated into the research. Ultimately, flânerie as a clue to line-scape takes part in the current literary landscape, allowing for a revaluation of modernist writing, engendering novel interpretations of the act of walking, and renewing interest in modernity and the city.

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9

Quinlan, Andrea Elizabeth. "A cross channel comparison of the illustration of the capital cities in Augustus Charles Pugin's Paris and its Environs and Gustave Doré's London: A Pilgrimage." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Fine Arts, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1037.

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This thesis presents a close comparison of Augustus Charles Pugin's illustrations for Paris and its Environs and Gustave Doré's illustrations for London: A Pilgrimage. This comparison will reveal what is distinctive about each publication. To achieve this, the thesis begins with a consideration of how these illustrated books fit into the oeuvres of the artists and writers involved, and how the works were subsequently received. The thesis then seeks to discover the ways the books adhere to the picturesque and Realist aesthetic modes. A comparison of the representation of social and political issues within the publications reveals how the city is either celebrated or critiqued in them. This is extended by a comparison with other English views of Paris and French views of London. The thesis concludes with the suggestion that the works under consideration are akin to illustrated guidebooks and novels. The illustrations themselves form the primary evidence for this comparison, supplemented by the accompanying written texts and other sources - including contemporary periodicals and biographical material. Paris and its Environs is a significant work within Pugin's oeuvre and shows how he created a view of Paris which would appeal to the tastes and aspirations of his readers. With London: A Pilgrimage, Doré created a view of London which would entertain his English audience but challenge them at the same time.

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10

El, Dardiry Shadia. "Investigating perspectives about integration amongst native French and second-generation North African French citizens." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92294.

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The thesis investigates and compares native French and second-generation North African French citizens' perspectives on the 'crisis' surrounding France's North African minority through surveys and interviews. Results indicate that the major point of contention between the two groups is in their views on North African French integration: native French being more likely to believe that North African French neither feel French nor share their same fundamental norms. Interviews with North African French indicate that they feel they are still treated as immigrants and rejected by French society, which consequently has an impact on their overall social cohesion, socioeconomic and political equality and sense of belonging. The diversity of opinions amongst respondents also indicates that in most cases North African French are indistinguishable from their native French counterparts and are, paradoxically, good examples of Republican integration.
Ce mémoire a pour but, à travers des sondages et des entretiens, l'examen des perceptions des Français de souche et des Maghrébins de seconde génération sur la 'crise' d'intégration qui semble affliger la population Maghrébine en France. Les résultats indiquent que le point de désaccord entre les deux groupes se trouve surtout dans leur perception de l'intégration des Français Maghrébins. Les Français de souche ont tendance à croire que ces derniers ne se sentent pas Français et ne partagent pas les mêmes valeurs. Les entretiens avec les Français Maghrébins indiquent que ceux-ci se sentent perçus en tant qu'immigrés et rejetés par la société française. Cela a un impact négatif sur la cohésion sociale du pays, sur l'égalité socioéconomique et politique des Maghrébins Français ainsi que sur leur sentiment d'appartenance. Néanmoins, la plupart de leurs opinions ne peuvent être distinguer de ceux des Français de souche, illustrant, paradoxalement, le succès de l'intégration Républicaine.

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Книги з теми "French cities"

1

Bourdin, Alain, ed. Major French Cities facing Metropolization. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59314-7.

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2

1812-1870, Dickens Charles, ed. A tale of two cities. New York: Gallery Books, 1985.

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3

1812-1870, Dickens Charles, ed. A tale of two cities. [Leicester]: Admiral Books, 1985.

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4

Classé, Margo. Hello France!: Best budget hotels in France : 30 French cities. 3rd ed. Los Angeles, Calif: Wilson Pub., 2003.

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5

Dickens, Charles. Tale of Two Cities: A Story of the French Revolution. Woodland, California: Ancient Wisdom Publications, 2010.

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6

Major French Cities Facing Metropolization. Springer, 2024.

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7

Kerr, Greg. Dream Cities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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8

French Cities in the Nineteenth Century. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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9

Merriman, John. Routledge Revivals: French Cities in the Nineteenth Century. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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10

Merriman, John M. Routledge Revivals: French Cities in the Nineteenth Century. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Частини книг з теми "French cities"

1

Hornsby, David. "The Four Cities Project." In Norm and Ideology in Spoken French, 147–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49300-4_7.

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2

Body-Gendrot, Sophie. "Disorders in British and French Cities." In Globalization, Fear and Insecurity, 123–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137023025_6.

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3

Brès, Antoine. "Are Metropolises Taking Form?" In Major French Cities facing Metropolization, 173–87. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59314-7_10.

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4

Demazière, Christophe, and Divya Leducq. "Making a Metropolis Through Knowledge and Creativity? French Metropolitan Areas According to Urban Planners." In Major French Cities facing Metropolization, 5–18. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59314-7_1.

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5

Bourdin, Alain. "Society at the Core of Metropolises." In Major French Cities facing Metropolization, 113–30. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59314-7_7.

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6

Menerault, Philippe, and Cyprien Richer. "High-Speed Rail and Intermediary Metropolitan Areas: How an International Perspective Can Shed Light on the Particularities of the French Model." In Major French Cities facing Metropolization, 71–92. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59314-7_5.

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7

Armondi, Simonetta, Stefano Di Vita, and Corinna Morandi. "Between Knowledge and Creative Economy the Milan Urban Region as a Spatial Interface." In Major French Cities facing Metropolization, 33–51. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59314-7_3.

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8

Talandier, Magali. "When Technopolises Have Lost Their Resilience The Grenoble Paradox." In Major French Cities facing Metropolization, 19–31. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59314-7_2.

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Gravari-Barbas, Maria. "When Tourism Transforms the Metropolitan Space and Society: The Case of the Île-de-France Region." In Major French Cities facing Metropolization, 131–55. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59314-7_8.

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Kunzmann, Klaus R. "Which Future for Metropolitan City Regions in Europe? Seven Narratives." In Major French Cities facing Metropolization, 209–32. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59314-7_12.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "French cities"

1

Kabré, Harouna, and Alexander Waibel. "Navigating German cities by spontaneous French queries." In 6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1999). ISCA: ISCA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-125.

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2

Le Gallo, Julie, Martin Regnaud, and Marie Breuille. "Pandemic-Induced changes on residential prices in major French Cities." In 30th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2024-249.

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3

Lesperance, Wilna, Jules Sadefo Kamdem, Laurent Linguet, and Tommy Albarelo. "Renewable Energy in French Guiana: Prospects towards a Sustainable Development Scenario." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities (ICSGSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsgsc.2018.8541267.

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4

Dupont, Josselin. "The State EPF a specific tool of the french land policy: legal aspects and action in practices of the State EPFs (Etablissement public foncier d’Etat)." In Virtual cities and territories. Coimbra: Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Coimbra and e-GEO, Research Center in Geography and Regional Planning of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Nova University of Lisbon, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7819.

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5

Araldi, Alessandro, and Giovanni Fusco. "The Nine Forms of the French Riviera: Classifying Urban Fabrics from the Pedestrian Perspective." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5219.

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The Nine Forms of the French Riviera: Classifying Urban Fabrics from the Pedestrian Perspective. Giovanni Fusco, Alessandro Araldi ¹Université Côte-Azur, CNRS, ESPACE - Bd. Eduard Herriot 98. 06200 Nice E-mail: giovanni.fusco@unice.fr, alessandro.araldi@unice.fr Keywords: French Riviera, Urban Fabrics, Urban Form Recognition, Geoprocessing Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology Recent metropolitan growth produces new kinds of urban fabric, revealing different logics in the organization of urban space, but coexisting with more traditional urban fabrics in central cities and older suburbs. Having an overall view of the spatial patterns of urban fabrics in a vast metropolitan area is paramount for understanding the emerging spatial organization of the contemporary metropolis. The French Riviera is a polycentric metropolitan area of more than 1200 km2 structured around the old coastal cities of Nice, Cannes, Antibes and Monaco. XIX century and early XX century urban growth is now complemented by modern developments and more recent suburban areas. A large-scale analysis of urban fabrics can only be carried out through a new geoprocessing protocol, combining indicators of spatial relations within urban fabrics, geo-statistical analysis and Bayesian data-mining. Applied to the French Riviera, nine families of urban fabrics are identified and correlated to the historical periods of their production. Central cities are thus characterized by the combination of different families of pre-modern, dense, continuous built-up fabrics, as well as by modern discontinuous forms. More interestingly, fringe-belts in Nice and Cannes, as well as the techno-park of Sophia-Antipolis, combine a spinal cord of connective artificial fabrics having sparse specialized buildings, with the already mentioned discontinuous fabrics of modern urbanism. Further forms are identified in the suburban and “rurban” spaces around central cities. The proposed geoprocessing procedure is not intended to supersede traditional expert-base analysis of urban fabric. Rather, it should be considered as a complementary tool for large urban space analysis and as an input for studying urban form relation to socioeconomic phenomena. References Conzen, M.R.G (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland : A Study in Town-Planning Analysis. (London, George Philip). Conzen, M.P. (2009) “How cities internalize their former urban fringe. A cross-cultural comparison”. Urban Morphology, 13, 29-54. Graff, P. (2014) Une ville d’exception. Nice, dans l'effervescence du 20° siècle. (Serre, Nice). Yamada I., Thill J.C. (2010) “Local indicators of network-constrained clusters in spatial patterns represented by a link attribute.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 100(2), 269-285. Levy, A. (1999) “Urban morphology and the problem of modern urban fabric : some questions for research”, Urban Morphology, 3(2), 79-85. Okabe, A. Sugihara, K. (2012) Spatial Analysis along Networks: Statistical and Computational Methods. (John Wiley and sons, UK).

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Ježek, Jiří. "Institucionalizace metropolitních regionů v Německu a ve Francii ve vzájemném srovnání." In XXVI. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0311-2023-14.

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The paper deals with identifying the circumstances of the emergence and development of metropolitan governance in Germany and France (two key EU countries with different administrative and political cultures) and to highlight both the advantages and the problems and limits of each solution. It draws on a study of German and French literary sources and interviews with German and French colleagues. The stability of the German institutional framework contrasts with the many administrative reforms in France over the last fifty years. French regions have a limited capacity for action compared to German federal states. The key actors in metropolitan governance are municipalities and cities in Germany and inter-municipal structures in France. In Germany, this is an evolutionarily slow, bottom-up process, gradually responding to emerging challenges and events, whereas in France, metropolitan governments have been institutionalised in a top-down manner. The emergence and development of metropolitan governance is a difficult process, hindered and resisted by established sub-national power structures. As the French experience in particular shows, there is a long and thorny road from theoretical vision (political legitimacy, a high degree of autonomy and relevant territorial delimitation) to practical implementation.

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Tekiner, Halil. "THE TURKISH PHYSICIAN (1803): A FRENCH OPERA BUFFA BY NICOLÒ ISOUARD." In 46th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS FOR THE HISTORY OF PHARMACY, 183–87. Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/ishp46.183t.

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This study analyzes Nicolò Isouard’s Le Médecin turc (The Turkish Physician), an opera buffa that premiered on November 19, 1803, at the Théâtre de l’Opéra Comique in Paris. Authored by Armand Gouffé and Pierre Villiers, the libretto offers a nuanced critique of early 19th-century medical practices and societal attitudes towards medicine. Set against an orientalist portrayal of Ottoman Istanbul, the opera narrates the story of Khalil, an elderly Turkish apothecary-physician who claims to have discovered a universal cure, as he navigates through ambition and deceit. It addresses themes of medical hubris, the allure of fame, and ethical dilemmas within the profession, while also critiquing the commodification of healthcare and society’s fascination with exotic cures. Drawing on original resources from the French National Library, this analysis highlights Le Médecin turc’s contribution to the tradition of medico-pharmaceutical satire and its ongoing relevance as a piece of social commentary. Incorporating motifs such as a fictional calming potion and the depiction of madness, Isouard’s work showcases the complex interplay between medicine, culture, and society. The opera’s historical and modern revivals in cities such as Paris, Brussels, Vienna, and Frankfurt underscore its significant impact on the opéra comique genre and its enduring importance in the wider artistic landscape.

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Никитина, Наталья Владимировна. "CITIES OF THE RUSSIAN-BELARUSIAN BORDER AREA IN THE FIRST DECADE AFTER THE PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1812 : THE SPECIFICS OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE." In Международная конференция «Феномен пограничного и трансграничного в истории и культуре». Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54016/svitok.2023.33.50.032.

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Статья посвящена состоянию городов Смоленской губернии, находящихся на пограничье с Белорусскими землями в первые годы после войны Наполеоном, Большинство из них сильно пострадало во время боевых действий и французской оккупации. Восстановление происходило медленно и с большими издержками. Тем не менее, уже через два года после войны города российско-белорусского пограничья в полной мере возвратились к полноценной мирной жизни. The article is devoted to the state of the cities of the Smolensk province, located on the border with the Belarusian lands in the first years after the war by Napoleon. Most of them were badly damaged during the hostilities and the French occupation. Recovery was slow and costly. Nevertheless, already two years after the war, the cities of the Russian-Belarusian borderland fully returned to a full-fledged peaceful life.

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Cherif, Sabrina, Ouassila Menouer, and Safia Benselama-Messikh. "Reading the process of formation of military fortifications on the Algerian coast in the nineteenth century." In FORTMED2024 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2024.2024.18060.

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expansion was accompanied by a multitude of fortification projects, reflecting the divergent conceptions of French occupation.The Algerian towns of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries then, were formed in various hectic contexts, starting first with their control by the Military Engineering Department, which relied on a strategy of war of movement to transform the territory into a network of fortified towns, whose tracing is often faced with constraints concerning the topography of the terrain. To understand the process of their formation, it is important to consider the logic behind the establishment of these military fortifications during the French colonial period, particularly those located in the north on the coastal strip, the first interface that military engineers faced in colonizing the country.This article proposes a reading of the possible development of these artefacts on the Algerian coastline, and their capacity to be thought of at once as means of defense, instruments of development and symbols of domination at the time, but which is also a question today of recognizing them, reappropriating them in a new meaning and then valorizing them as potentialities and added value in the territorial and urban development of cities.

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Rahmonov, T., and S. Ermakov. "VARIETY OF LANGUAGES IN SWITZERLAND." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_258-261.

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Switzerland is located at the junction of western, central and southern Europe, is landlocked and borders Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. The country is geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss plateau and the Jura, covering a total area of 41,285 km². While the Alps occupy most of the territory, Switzerland’s population of approximately 8.5 million people is mainly concentrated on the plateau, where the largest cities are located, including two global ones – Zurich and Geneva. Switzerland is at the crossroads of Germanic and Romance Europe and has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh.

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Звіти організацій з теми "French cities"

1

Butterweck, Gernot, Alberto Stabilini, Benno Bucher, David Breitenmoser, Ladislaus Rybach, Cristina Poretti, Stéphane Maillard, et al. Aeroradiometric measurements in the framework of the Swiss Exercise ARM22. Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55402/psi:51194.

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The flights of the civil (ARM22c) and military (ARM22m) parts of the exercise were performed between June 13th and 17th and between September 5th and September 9th, respectively. Both parts of the exercise included the measurement of altitude profiles. Two profiles were measured during ARM22c over Lake Thun and one profile during ARM22m over Lake Neuchâtel with sufficient altitude range to determine the slope of the altitude-dependent cosmic correction. The altitude profile over Lake Neuchâtel showed a clear deviation from the expected profile, suggesting a massive influence of airborne radon progeny on the result. According to the alternating schedule of the annual ARM exercises, the environs of the nuclear power plants Beznau (KKB) and Leibstadt (KKL), the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the intermediate storage facility (ZWILAG) were surveyed with an extension of the measuring area into German territory, following a request of German authorities. The site of the former Lucens reactor was measured and found unobtrusive in the measured data. Background flights were performed over several Swiss cities, regions and valleys. Besides attenuation effects of water bodies, variations of natural radionuclide content could be observed. Remains of the Chernobyl deposition were detected near the French border and in southern Switzerland.

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Castillo Galindo, Nicolle Tatiana. Contexto de cadena cítricos (Citrus spp.). Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.fichascontexto.2020.23.

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En esta ficha de contexto se mencionan los aspectos importantes de la cadena de cítricos (Citrus spp.) enfocados a su marco productivo, regional, económico, comercio internacional, así como sus perspectivas y tendencias frente al mercado, dando a conocer su entorno de Ciencia y Tecnología e Innovación.

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Thorpe, Jodie, Hannington Odame, and Elosy Kangai. Horticulture in Kenya: Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.026.

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The horticulture sector is fundamental to Kenya’s economy and its citizens’ livelihoods. However, global connectivity and high perishability make the sector vulnerable to shocks. The Covid-19 pandemic and related policy measures impacted the sector in multiple ways, with an estimated US$3m lost per day during lockdowns. In response, the state and business worked together to analyse issues and develop solutions, facilitated by digital technologies. This Policy Briefing identifies lessons from this experience, focused on the French bean and avocado subsectors. The aim is to build knowledge that can be applied to new opportunities and risks affecting the resilience of the horticulture sector.

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Shomer, Ilan, Louise Wicker, Uzi Merin, and William L. Kerr. Interactions of Cloud Proteins, Pectins and Pectinesterases in Flocculation of Citrus Cloud. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580669.bard.

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The overall objective was to understand the cloud flocculation of citrus juice by characterization of the interactions between proteins and pectins, and to determine the role of PE isozymes in catalyzing this phenomenon. Specific objectives were to: 1. identify/characterize cloud-proteins in relation to their coagulable properties and affinity to pectins; 2. to determine structural changes of PME and other proteins induced by cation/pectin interactions; 3. localize cloud proteins, PME and bound protein/pectates in unheated and pasteurized juices; 4. to create "sensitized" pectins and determine their effect on clarification. The original objectives were not changed but the methods and approach were modified due to specific research requirements. Two i postulates were: 1. there is a specific interaction of cloud proteins with de-esterified regions of ! pectin and this contributes to cloud loss; 2. isozymes of pectin-methyl-esterase (PME) vary in efficiency to create sensitized pectins. The appearance of citrus fruit juice is an important quality factor and is determined by the color and turbidity that .are conferred by the suspended particles, i.e., by the cloud and its homogeneity. Under some circumstances the cloud tend to flocculate and the juice clarifies. The accepted approach to explain the clarification is based on pectin demethoxylation by PME that promotes formation of Ca-pectate. Therefore, the juice includes immediate heat-inactivation upon ~ squeezing. Protein coagulation also promotes cloud instability of citrus fruit extracts. However, the clarification mechanism is not fully understood. Information accumulated from several laboratories indicates that clarification is a more complex process than can be explained by a single mechanism. The increasing trend to consume natural-fresh juice emphasizing the importance of the knowledge to assure homogeneity of fresh juice. The research included complementary directions: Conditions that induce cloud-instability of natural- juice [IL]. Evaluate purification schemes of protein [USA]. Identifications of proteins, pectin and neutral sugars ([IL]; Structure of the cloud components using light and electron microscopy and immuno-labeling of PME, high-methoxyl-pectin (HMP) and low-methoxyl-pectin (LMP); Molecular weight of calcium sensitized pectins [US]; Evaluation of the products of PME activity [US]. Fractions and size distribution and cloud components [IL-US]. The optimal pH activity of PME is 7 and the flocculation pH of the cloud is 3-4. Thus, the c roles of PME, proteins and pectins in the cloud instability, were studied in pH ranges of 2- 7. The experiments led to establish firstly repeatable simulate conditions for cloud instability [IL]. Thermostable PME (TS-PE) known to induce cloud instability, but also thermolabile forms of PME (TL-PE) caused clarification, most likely due to the formation and dissolution of inactive :. PE-pectin complexes and displacement of a protective colloid from the cloud surface [US]. Furthermore, elimination of non-PME protein increases TS-PE activity, indicating that non-PME proteins moderate PME activity [US]. Other experiments Concomitantly with the study of the PME activity but promotes the association of cloud-proteins to pectin. Adjusting of the juice pH to f 7 retains the cloud stability and re-adjusting of the pH to 40% DE reacts to immuno-labeling in the cloud fragments, whereas

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Langendahl, Per-Anders, Maria Tunberg, and Suvi Kokko. Smart Urban Agriculture : exploring its development in Sweden. SLU Future food, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.7hllg1t7av.

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Smart urban agriculture initiatives where food is produced in closed, controlled and digitally augmented environments, such as vertical farms, plant factories and aquaponics systems can be found in cities across the globe. Such initiatives produce fresh food all year around using less chemicals and require fewer food miles. However, critiques of smart urban agriculture suggest it is a marginal activity that often produces food with low nutritional value and requires energy intensive artificial lighting. Technological advances in digitalisation and food production as well as social and economic developments may create opportunities for smart urban food systems to address these issues and become a more realistic food supply in cities. Using qualitative research methods, this report explores the development of smart urban agriculture in Sweden. Specifically, it identifies experimental and entrepreneurial initiatives and analyses these initiatives in relation to high level policy agendas such as food policy, smart city and digitalisation. Our findings show that smart urban agriculture broadly consists of technology-oriented entrepreneurial start-ups and experimental initiatives that includes, but are not limited to production, community and technology oriented initiatives. Production oriented initiatives are mainly organised to produce herbs and leafy greens; community oriented initiatives are mainly prioritising social benefits; and technology oriented initiatives develop and supply digital solutions and services for smart farming. These initiatives are interesting because of their claims about superior sustainability performance compared with conventional food production. Specifically these sustainability claims include resource efficient production in contained farming environments that are chemical free and can be located close to the market. Given the sustainability debate inherent with food production and consumption, smart (urban) agriculture has gained commercial traction and momentum, e.g. financial investments. The product output is, however, limited to a small variety of financial high margin crops that are sold at premium prices on the market. When examining smart urban agriculture in relation to high level strategic agendas, our findings show that urban agriculture is recognised for its environmental and social benefits (e.g. to mitigate flooding as well as offer space for recreation), but not as a realistic food supply. Here, food policies have a conventional view in that food is produced in rural areas and consumed in urban areas. The developments of smart urban agriculture challenge this conventional view. However, food production-consumption systems are excluded from high level policy agendas on smart cities and digitalisation. These insights suggest that there are established institutional arrangements (e.g. in food policy and urban planning) that may constrain development and uptake of smart urban agriculture and its possibility to bring significant sustainability benefits.

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Misra, Brij. GRl-95-0466 Inert Base Gas Field Experiment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011238.

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IGTs research efforts in the laboratory and over a decade of field experience of inert gas (nitrogen) application in French underground gas storage fields clearly indicate that replacement of base gas with less-expensive natural gas is feasible. The information from lab tests and a systematic procedure developed earlier were used to apply inert gas in the U.S. storage fields. This procedure for inert gas application was first applied in the Simpson Chapel field operated by the Citizens Gas and Coke Utility Company. This report summarizes the efforts of the second field test in the Shirley gas storage field, which belongs to Equitrans. In the Shirley gas storage field, a target area was selected and evaluated by completing four wells, conducting reservoir and tracer testing to determine its suitability for inert gas injection. Reservoir modeling was indicated that in the best option, with the help of existing wells in the target area, 300 MMCF or 5% of the total base gas can be replaced with nitrogen without jeopardizing the pipeline quality of working gas. In this process, a total of 400 MMCF of natural gas would be recovered from the target area. In addition to a one-time cost benefit (due to the price differential between natural gas and nitrogen), inert gas injection would also cut down an equivalent amount of natural gas migration and provide another opportunity to replace 200 MMCF of base gas with nitrogen in the next 20 years. FERC approval to conduct inert gas injection in the Shirley field has been obtained by Equitrans. Inert gas injection in the target area is expected to start in the summer of 1999, following the ongoing gas withdrawal from the target area to create a pressure sink.

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Lopez-Barrios, Michel, and Paul Peters. Definitions and Methods for Analysis of Multiple Cause of Death: A Scoping Review. Spatial Determinants of Health Lab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/rrep/2023.sdhl.106.

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Objective: This review aims to identify and categorise demographic methods used in modelling multiple causes of death. The assumption that each death is caused by exactly one disease is debatable, as other possible diseases or causes may be associated with the main cause. Hence, the multiple causes of death approach is essential for understanding mortality. Therefore, through this study, we will carry out a Scoping Review of the existing literature on the topic of MCOD. Inclusion criteria: This review considers literature pertaining to methods for the analysis and utilization of multiple cause of death data. Papers that discuss the methods used as well as the strengths and limitations of multiple cause of death approach will be considered for this study. Methods: Preliminary searches were conducted in July 2022 and focussed on concepts of multiple cause of death mortality and multiple causes of death. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and was conducted in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. There were no time constraints on the studies to be included in this review. Articles were initially screened by title and abstract and then reviewed by full text by three independent reviewers. Two reviewers extracted the data from the eligible articles. Results: A total of 769 papers were reviewed at the abstract and title level. Of these, 124 were screened for full-text eligibility. A total of 53 articles were included in the final analysis. Among the articles included, 31 were articles from the United States, 14 were from Europe and 8 were from other countries. The papers were categorized as methodological (33) papers, data assessment papers (19), papers discussing socioeconomic differences in mortality (13) and mixed method papers (11). Conclusions: There are many different types of methodologies and procedures used to analyse multiple cause of death statistics. All papers included in this study used descriptive methods (mostly frequency tables and cross-tabulations) to analyze multiple cause of death data, and almost half of them use visualizations to model the results. One of the most common limitations cited among the articles is the comparability of the statistics. Accurate data and analysis of vital statistics require resources, and many countries do not have the to report high-quality statistics. This could explain why most of the papers selected for this study focused on data from developed countries.

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