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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Free trade"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Free trade"

KINGSTONE, PETER R. "Why Free Trade “Losers” Support Free Trade." Comparative Political Studies 34, no. 9 (November 2001): 986–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414001034009002.

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Eckes, Alfred E., Francis M. Bator, and Richard N. Cooper. "Free Trade." Foreign Affairs 71, no. 5 (1992): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20045412.

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Gurría, Ángel. "Free Trade." World Policy Journal 32, no. 4 (2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0740277515623746.

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Motoyama, Yoshihiko. "Free Trade & Protective Trade." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 7, no. 2 (2002): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.7.2_61.

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Rose, Debra A. "Free Trade and Wildlife Trade." Conservation Biology 6, no. 1 (March 1992): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.610148.x.

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Young, Linda Wilcox. "Free Trade or Fair Trade?" Latin American Perspectives 22, no. 1 (January 1995): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x9502200104.

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TREMBLAY, JEAN-FRANÇOIS. "Free Trade Or Fair Trade." Chemical & Engineering News 86, no. 1 (January 7, 2008): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v086n001.p016.

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Targ, Harry R. "Book Review: Free Trade: Neither Free Nor About Trade." Review of Radical Political Economics 30, no. 4 (December 1998): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/048661349803000414.

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Kinnock, Neil. "Beyond Free Trade to Fair Trade." California Management Review 36, no. 4 (July 1994): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41165770.

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LAL, DEEPAK. "Trade Blocs and Multilateral Free Trade." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 31, no. 3 (September 1993): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1993.tb00468.x.

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Дисертації з теми "Free trade"

com, A. ariffin@yahoo, and Anuar Ariffin. "The free trade doctrine, regionalism, the asean free trade area and their effects on trade and trade policy." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071130.140815.

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Анотація:

This thesis examines a number of issues concerning the free trade doctrine, regionalism and Regional Free Trade Areas (FTAs), with a special focus on the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). This study is broadly divided into three parts. The first part examines the doctrine of free trade from the perspectives of ideological belief as well as theoretical expositions, and how these influence trade policies of many countries throughout the history of trade. The second part of the study analyses the forces that influence the formation of regionalism and regional FTAs all over the world. In the first and second parts, an extensive survey of the existing literature is undertaken to unearth relevant ideas and events, which are important to policy makers and the general public. The third part of the study deals primarily with empirical investigation of the economic effects brought about by the formation of regional FTAs. Two main issues are examined in this part. The first issue is the assessment of the effects that regional FTAs have on trade of members against other countries that do not become members of any economic groupings. The second issue is the examination of the effect of AFTA on trade of member vis-à-vis non-member countries. In addition, this part also examines the question of whether AFTA creates or diverts trade. For the purpose of addressing issues grouped in this part of the study, a gravity model is employed to answer the questions of interest. This part of the study covers a period of 24 years (1980-2003). Cross sectional data involving 990 pairs of countries, which trade with each other, are used in regression analysis based on the Ordinary Least Square technique. Findings from the first and second parts of the study indicate that trade between countries during the era of mercantilism (1500s-1750s) was carried out under enormous restrictions in consonance with the thinking of that time. However, by the end of eighteenth century the economic arguments in favour of free trade began to be accepted, resulting in the adoption of the free trade idea into the commercial policies of many countries, particularly in Europe in the middle of nineteenth century. The period characterized by unilateral free trade regimes lasted only about three decades, as protectionist elements made a return into trade policy formulation in the 1870s. The period of liberal trade policy regimes came to a complete end at the breakout of the First World War in 1914, and the protectionist trade policies of many countries continued to strengthen their grip until the Second World War. After WW2 ended in 1945, many countries realised that security and the orderly conduct of international trade were important to ensure continuous prosperity of the world. This led to series of negotiations involving major trading countries that resulted in the establishment of the GATT in 1947. The main thrust behind this initiative was that all trading nations must cooperate to liberalize their trade policies, reflecting the idea that countries should move towards adopting freer trade policy than the regime they adopted in the 1930s and the early 1940s. At the end of 1990s the world once again observed agreement amongst prominent trade economists for the case of pursuing free trade policy. This is due to the renewed recognition by economists of two important propositions: (1) if market failures remain unfixed, then pursing free trade policy can harm rather that help, and (2) if market failures are fixed through suitable policy interventions, then free trade can be used to exploit the potential gains from trade. Within the second proposition, economists emphasis that if market failures arise in domestic markets, then the most appropriate policy interventions would be to devise policies targeting at correcting those domestic market failures, while free trade is maintained externally. Findings from empirical assessment of the effects of regional FTAs on trade indicate that economic theory might be able to approximate reality. One important result of this part of the study suggests that three regional FTAs, AFTA, CER and MERCUSOR have had an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect in recent years, particularly since the early 2000s. This implies that trade among members of these economic groupings is higher than their trade with other countries. Meanwhile, the EU and NAFTA do not show an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect for any part of the study period. The other important result obtained by this study suggests that although AFTA member countries trade with each other, comparatively, more than their trade with the rest of the world, the intensity of trade between them is less pronounced for the period after the formation of AFTA. This implies that AFTA has the characteristic of an open trading bloc. Lastly, the finding of this part of the study also suggests that AFTA essentially creates rather than diverts trade. This means that AFTAs establishment does not only increase trade among member countries but it also boosts trade with the rest of the world.

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Ariffin, Anuar. "The free trade doctrine, regionalism, the ASEAN free trade area and their effects on trade and trade policy." Thesis, Ariffin, Anuar (2007) The free trade doctrine, regionalism, the ASEAN free trade area and their effects on trade and trade policy. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/117/.

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Анотація:

This thesis examines a number of issues concerning the free trade doctrine, regionalism and Regional Free Trade Areas (FTAs), with a special focus on the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). This study is broadly divided into three parts. The first part examines the doctrine of free trade from the perspectives of ideological belief as well as theoretical expositions, and how these influence trade policies of many countries throughout the history of trade. The second part of the study analyses the forces that influence the formation of regionalism and regional FTAs all over the world. In the first and second parts, an extensive survey of the existing literature is undertaken to unearth relevant ideas and events, which are important to policy makers and the general public. The third part of the study deals primarily with empirical investigation of the economic effects brought about by the formation of regional FTAs. Two main issues are examined in this part. The first issue is the assessment of the effects that regional FTAs have on trade of members against other countries that do not become members of any economic groupings. The second issue is the examination of the effect of AFTA on trade of member vis-a-vis non-member countries. In addition, this part also examines the question of whether AFTA 'creates' or 'diverts' trade. For the purpose of addressing issues grouped in this part of the study, a gravity model is employed to answer the questions of interest. This part of the study covers a period of 24 years (1980-2003). Cross sectional data involving 990 pairs of countries, which trade with each other, are used in regression analysis based on the Ordinary Least Square technique. Findings from the first and second parts of the study indicate that trade between countries during the era of mercantilism (1500s-1750s) was carried out under enormous restrictions in consonance with the thinking of that time. However, by the end of eighteenth century the economic arguments in favour of free trade began to be accepted, resulting in the adoption of the free trade idea into the commercial policies of many countries, particularly in Europe in the middle of nineteenth century. The period characterized by unilateral free trade regimes lasted only about three decades, as protectionist elements made a return into trade policy formulation in the 1870s. The period of liberal trade policy regimes came to a complete end at the breakout of the First World War in 1914, and the protectionist trade policies of many countries continued to strengthen their grip until the Second World War. After WW2 ended in 1945, many countries realised that security and the orderly conduct of international trade were important to ensure continuous prosperity of the world. This led to series of negotiations involving major trading countries that resulted in the establishment of the GATT in 1947. The main thrust behind this initiative was that all trading nations must cooperate to liberalize their trade policies, reflecting the idea that countries should move towards adopting 'freer' trade policy than the regime they adopted in the 1930s and the early 1940s. At the end of 1990s the world once again observed agreement amongst prominent trade economists for the case of pursuing free trade policy. This is due to the renewed recognition by economists of two important propositions: (1) if market failures remain unfixed, then pursing free trade policy can harm rather that help, and (2) if market failures are fixed through suitable policy interventions, then free trade can be used to exploit the potential gains from trade. Within the second proposition, economists emphasis that if market failures arise in domestic markets, then the most appropriate policy interventions would be to devise policies targeting at correcting those domestic market failures, while free trade is maintained externally. Findings from empirical assessment of the effects of regional FTAs on trade indicate that economic theory might be able to approximate reality. One important result of this part of the study suggests that three regional FTAs, AFTA, CER and MERCUSOR have had an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect in recent years, particularly since the early 2000s. This implies that trade among members of these economic groupings is higher than their trade with other countries. Meanwhile, the EU and NAFTA do not show an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect for any part of the study period. The other important result obtained by this study suggests that although AFTA member countries trade with each other, comparatively, more than their trade with the rest of the world, the intensity of trade between them is less pronounced for the period after the formation of AFTA. This implies that AFTA has the characteristic of an 'open trading bloc'. Lastly, the finding of this part of the study also suggests that AFTA essentially creates rather than diverts trade. This means that AFTA's establishment does not only increase trade among member countries but it also boosts trade with the rest of the world.

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Ariffin, Anuar. "The free trade doctrine, regionalism, the ASEAN free trade area and their effects on trade and trade policy." Ariffin, Anuar (2007) The free trade doctrine, regionalism, the ASEAN free trade area and their effects on trade and trade policy. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/117/.

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Анотація:

This thesis examines a number of issues concerning the free trade doctrine, regionalism and Regional Free Trade Areas (FTAs), with a special focus on the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). This study is broadly divided into three parts. The first part examines the doctrine of free trade from the perspectives of ideological belief as well as theoretical expositions, and how these influence trade policies of many countries throughout the history of trade. The second part of the study analyses the forces that influence the formation of regionalism and regional FTAs all over the world. In the first and second parts, an extensive survey of the existing literature is undertaken to unearth relevant ideas and events, which are important to policy makers and the general public. The third part of the study deals primarily with empirical investigation of the economic effects brought about by the formation of regional FTAs. Two main issues are examined in this part. The first issue is the assessment of the effects that regional FTAs have on trade of members against other countries that do not become members of any economic groupings. The second issue is the examination of the effect of AFTA on trade of member vis-a-vis non-member countries. In addition, this part also examines the question of whether AFTA 'creates' or 'diverts' trade. For the purpose of addressing issues grouped in this part of the study, a gravity model is employed to answer the questions of interest. This part of the study covers a period of 24 years (1980-2003). Cross sectional data involving 990 pairs of countries, which trade with each other, are used in regression analysis based on the Ordinary Least Square technique. Findings from the first and second parts of the study indicate that trade between countries during the era of mercantilism (1500s-1750s) was carried out under enormous restrictions in consonance with the thinking of that time. However, by the end of eighteenth century the economic arguments in favour of free trade began to be accepted, resulting in the adoption of the free trade idea into the commercial policies of many countries, particularly in Europe in the middle of nineteenth century. The period characterized by unilateral free trade regimes lasted only about three decades, as protectionist elements made a return into trade policy formulation in the 1870s. The period of liberal trade policy regimes came to a complete end at the breakout of the First World War in 1914, and the protectionist trade policies of many countries continued to strengthen their grip until the Second World War. After WW2 ended in 1945, many countries realised that security and the orderly conduct of international trade were important to ensure continuous prosperity of the world. This led to series of negotiations involving major trading countries that resulted in the establishment of the GATT in 1947. The main thrust behind this initiative was that all trading nations must cooperate to liberalize their trade policies, reflecting the idea that countries should move towards adopting 'freer' trade policy than the regime they adopted in the 1930s and the early 1940s. At the end of 1990s the world once again observed agreement amongst prominent trade economists for the case of pursuing free trade policy. This is due to the renewed recognition by economists of two important propositions: (1) if market failures remain unfixed, then pursing free trade policy can harm rather that help, and (2) if market failures are fixed through suitable policy interventions, then free trade can be used to exploit the potential gains from trade. Within the second proposition, economists emphasis that if market failures arise in domestic markets, then the most appropriate policy interventions would be to devise policies targeting at correcting those domestic market failures, while free trade is maintained externally. Findings from empirical assessment of the effects of regional FTAs on trade indicate that economic theory might be able to approximate reality. One important result of this part of the study suggests that three regional FTAs, AFTA, CER and MERCUSOR have had an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect in recent years, particularly since the early 2000s. This implies that trade among members of these economic groupings is higher than their trade with other countries. Meanwhile, the EU and NAFTA do not show an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect for any part of the study period. The other important result obtained by this study suggests that although AFTA member countries trade with each other, comparatively, more than their trade with the rest of the world, the intensity of trade between them is less pronounced for the period after the formation of AFTA. This implies that AFTA has the characteristic of an 'open trading bloc'. Lastly, the finding of this part of the study also suggests that AFTA essentially creates rather than diverts trade. This means that AFTA's establishment does not only increase trade among member countries but it also boosts trade with the rest of the world.

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Jung, Munhee. "Is free trade free of environmental cost?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59295.

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Анотація:

The impact of international trade on the environment has been the field of focus since the 1970’s. There have been a number of empirical studies exploring the environmental consequence of free trade but the results are mixed and only a few environmental indicators have been used in place of the total environmental impact. In this study, I used combined environmental cost data which converted environmental impact indicators into US$ terms (the data is taken from World Bank database). Also, by taking advantage of panel data (observations from 60 countries over 25 years) and (two-way) fixed effects model, I attempted to reduce the threat of endogeneity problem. Most importantly, environmental impact which is filtered through the trade induced changes of economic activity was analyzed in parallel with unfiltered through effects. And the results revealed that trade openness reduces national level environmental cost rather than increasing it. Meanwhile, income related technique effect was found to be underperforming and when the full sample was split into four income groups, the income-environment relationship appeared to be closer to N-shape as opposed to the inverted U-shaped environmental kutznets curve hypothesis.
Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate

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Vandersluis, Sarah Blythe Owen. "Ethics, free trade, and culture : the case of Canada-U.S. free trade in periodicals." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2641/.

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This thesis focuses on recent disputes between Canada and the United States about appropriate policies for free trade in cultural goods. It argues that the Canadian and American positions on free trade and culture can best be understood as normative positions, stemming from different perceptions of the nature of culture, the role of culture in social relations, the appropriate criteria for 'good' public policy, and the ideal relationship between culture and free trade. In this context, the relative validity of the different approaches to trade and culture is presented as a choice between competing values, the analysis of which is most appropriately located within the broad tradition of political theories of justice. On this basis, the thesis critically engages with the two positions (free trade and cultural protectionism), drawing out their ethics and showing the ways in which they can only partially comprehend the moral relevance of culture. The thesis takes the position that a normatively justifiable approach to culture and trade is one that begins from the ontological primacy of culture in the constitution of identity. This starting point is developed by drawing on the work of Charles Taylor. He rejects an atomist social ontology and develops instead a theory of identity as inseparable from qualitative judgements of worth. In turn, such judgements make no sense outside of a 'background language' that itself can only be developed in dialogue. As the thesis notes, Taylor's work presents numerous problems. However, his ontology can nonetheless be taken as a starting point for an analysis of culture and trade. Building on Taylor's theory, the thesis draws on Iris Marion Young's work on social justice to develop an ethics which is founded in respect for other cultural forms. This ethics stresses social equality, but broadens it beyond distributive concerns to include primarily the 'full participation and inclusion of everyone in society's major institutions, and the socially supported substantive opportunity for all to develop and exercise their capacities and realize their choices' (1990, p. 173). On this basis, the thesis makes specific suggestions for the revision of Canadian magazines policy.

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Li, Liaoliao. "Essays on free trade networks /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594481731&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Zanger, Maggy. "The Impact of Free Trade." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295720.

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Miller, Keste Oswald. "Paradigms in Caribbean trade diplomacy : negotating the CARIFORUM-EC Free Trade Agreement." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2010. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/90719/paradigms-in-caribbean-trade-diplomacy-negotating-the-cariforum-ec-free-trade-agreement.

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The CARIFORUM States in signing the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the European Community on the 15the October, 2008 in Bridgetown Barbados have demonstrated a bold step by a group of Small Developing Island States (SIDS) on the trail of the emerging global trade regime because, notwithstanding the levels of economic disparity between the two sides, the Caribbean accepted the unequal nature of the partnership in a pragmatic and constructive sense. The region’s negotiators skilfully used the asymmetry of power dynamics of the European Community and the global trade inertia to craft a deal and carved a way forward for themselves which gave practical application to the realist theory of International relations in the context of international bargaining with domestic constraints. They have illuminated a paradigm shift towards a new era in which small vulnerable developing states can become proactive in order to protect their vital commercial interests. The CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership is one of the most innovative and farreaching Free Trade Agreement ever entered into in the context of North-South relations. So unique and innovative are the arrangements that they now evidenced the new paradigm and a model for future Free Trade Agreement, not just between Europe and the rest of the developing world but, among developing countries themselves. It also has implications for the multilateral system in the context of the Doha Round of negotiation. The research contributes to knowledge by illustrating the application of an adapted combination of the classical co-operative and non- cooperative models of coalition bargaining developed by John Nash and the Thomas Schelling’s model analyzed in the context of Robert Putman’s games theory are very relevant in explaining the Paradigms in Caribbean trade diplomacy and how the regions succeeded in leveraging concessions in negotiating the CARIFORUM–EC Free Trade Agreement. The work places the asymmetric problems of the CARIFORUM States in the context of their need for a specific outcome in light of their national interests and the EC’s desire to negotiate a new trade arrangement in keeping with the demands of its own domestic constituents and their wider international trade agenda. Finally, the work challenges the assertions that the EC in International Trade Negotiations uses its superior negotiating machinery and strength of its markets as secured vehicles to influence and impose its external trade policies on developing countries and further that the ACP States are reactive in character.

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Hsu, Susan. "Free trade and democracy, 1970-1997." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/3741.

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Kidane, Frewyeni. "Does Free Trade Advance Economic Growth?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6393.

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I have conducted a survey of journal articles that have examined the relationship between free trade and economic growth. In particular, I have carefully selected six empirical studies that were published over a ten-year period and critically reviewed, and evaluated these studies in depth. I have also extensively presented and discussed the issues as well as the controversies that are related to the various measures of openness. In a number of the trade-growth empirical studies researchers have made major attempt to identify the relationship between free trade and economic growth. Most of the trade-growth studies show that there is a positive relationship between free trade and economic growth. However, some of these influential studies have been subject to strong criticism, mainly due to a number of methodological shortcomings. As for the million-dollar question: Does free trade advance economic growth? My conclusion is that this question is not yet resolved, because although researchers have devoted considerable efforts to show a positive trade-growth relationship, nevertheless, the methodologies and the measurements applied in these studies have been fragile to the scrutiny of critics.

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Книги з теми "Free trade"

Benjamin, Matt. Free Trade. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: CQ Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/cqr_ht_free_trade_2017.

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Murgatroyd, Susan, and Cathy Boak. Free trade. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities and Science, 2005.

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1931-, Gray Earle, ed. Free trade, free Canada: How free trade will make Canada stronger. Woodville, Ont., Canada: Canadian Speeches, 1988.

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Grigoriadis, Lazaros G. Trade Marks and Free Trade. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04795-9.

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(Philippines), Fair Trade Alliance. Fair trade not free trade. Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines: Fair Trade Alliance, 2003.

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Ervine, Kate, and Gavin Fridell, eds. Beyond Free Trade. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137412737.

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Corbin, Lillian, and Mark Perry, eds. Free Trade Agreements. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3038-4.

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Ridpath, Michael. Free to trade. Bath: Chivers, 1995.

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Aghion, Philippe. Negotiating free trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Hoekman, Bernard M. Trade policy, trade costs, and developing country trade. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2008.

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Частини книг з теми "Free trade"

Hassoun, Nicole. "Free Trade." In Encyclopedia of Global Justice, 367–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_199.

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Lemire, Beverly. "Free Trade." In The British Cotton Trade, 1660–1815, 307–16. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113935-17.

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Salin, Pascal. "Trade liberalization." In Competition and Free Trade, 125–32. New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315102726-14.

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Branch, Alan E. "Free ports/free trade zones." In Elements of Port Operation and Management, 107–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4087-1_6.

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Basu, Dipak, and Victoria Miroshnik. "Free Trade or Trade Management." In International Business and Political Economy, 15–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137474865_4.

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Dore, Ronald. "Rethinking Free Trade." In New Diplomacy in the Post-Cold War World, 148–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22738-9_13.

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Riccardi, Lorenzo. "Free Trade Zones." In Introduction to Chinese Fiscal System, 115–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8561-1_6.

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Mercurio, Bryan. "Free Trade Agreements." In Intellectual Property Law and Access to Medicines, 82–93. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003176602-6.

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Green, Ewen. "Free Trade Exaggerations." In Imperial Fiscal Reform, 185–89. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101468-18.

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Zhongyuan, Zhang. "Free trade ports." In Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road, 323–26. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429203039-60.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Free trade"

Zhou, Yixin. "Negotiations of Services Trade and Free Trade Agreement." In 2016 6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Computer and Education Informationization (MCEI 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mcei-16.2016.210.

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Wang, Zhan-Ao. "China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and Service Trade." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.735.

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Yang, Huiying, and Yu Wang. "Practice of Trade Facilitation in China Free Trade Zone and Its Enlightenment to Heilongjiang Free Trade Zone." In ICCIR 2021: 2021 International Conference on Control and Intelligent Robotics. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3473714.3473793.

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Xie, Fei. "Legal Issues in Free Trade Agreements." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Humanities Science, Management and Education Technology (HSMET 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hsmet-18.2018.80.

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Kayani, Farrukh, and Zhongxiu Zhao. "Chinese Rationale for Free Trade Agreements." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00387.

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In East Asia economic regionalism and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are proliferating at tremendous pace despite being the latecomer as compared to Americas and Europe. Proliferation of FTAs in East Asia started to spread after the Asian financial crisis of 1997. The East Asian economies were dissatisfied with the way the IMF handled the crisis, particularly in Thailand and Indonesia. Presently, about over 100 FTAs are at various stages of development in East Asia. China is also actively engaged in FTAs like the other East Asian neighboring countries for achieving multiple objectives. In this paper we analyzed the detailed reasons that why China is pursuing FTAs? Furthermore, it is said that FTAs may jeopardize the multilateral trading system. As FTAs undermine the WTO policy of maintaining a liberal, non discriminatory and multilateral trading system by supporting the government interventions and prudential controls. Thus we would also explore that whether FTAs are building or stumbling blocks?

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Frazier, Mark, Laurence Latourette, and Jack Pearce. "'Free Trade Zone Concepts' and Space Development." In 57th International Astronautical Congress. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-e6.2.a.05.

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Konstantinova, O. V. "African Ambitious Project - Continental Free Trade Zone." In Научный диалог: Экономика и менеджмент. ЦНК МОАН, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-08-10-2018-04.

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Lei, Chengsan. "Free trade networks based on RaD perspective." In 2016 International Conference on Economics, Social Science, Arts, Education and Management Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/essaeme-16.2016.106.

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Guan, Bing, Chunhui Fu, and Yiwei Li. "Influences on Shanghai Free Trade Zone on China's Foreign Trade Enterprises and Countermeasures." In 2014 International Conference on Global Economy, Commerce and Service Science (GECSS-14). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/gecss-14.2014.14.

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Saadallah, Oumaima, and Benaceur Outtaj. "Morocco's Trade, between Free Trade Agreements and Integration into the African Union: Which Potential for Morocco's Foreign Trade?" In 3rd International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010447400800088.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Free trade"

Aghion, Philippe, Pol Antràs, and Elhanan Helpman. Negotiating Free Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10721.

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Dhar, Biswajit. India’s free trade woes. East Asia Forum, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1539122428.

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Estevadeordal, Antoni. Impact of Free Trade Agreements on Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006951.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the V Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on August 14th and 15th, 2003. This presentation tries to offer a preliminary empirical assessment of the impact of regional market access liberalization on trade.

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Dong, Yan, and John Whalley. Carbon, Trade Policy, and Carbon Free Trade Areas. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14431.

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Seuba, Xavier. Free Trade of Pharmaceutical Products. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ip_ip_20100426.

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Ben-David, Dan, and Michael Loewy. Free Trade, Growth, and Convergence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6095.

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Baldwin, Richard, and Dany Jaimovich. Are Free Trade Agreements Contagious? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16084.

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Miller, Eric T. The Outlier Sectors: Areas of Non-Free Trade in the North American Free Trade Agreement. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011106.

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Since its entry into force, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been enormously influential as a model for trade liberalization. While trade in goods among Canada, the United States and Mexico has been liberalized to a significant degree, this most famous of agreements nonetheless contains areas of recalcitrant protectionism. The first part of this paper identifies these "outlier sectors" and classifies them by primary source advocating protectionism, i.e., producer interests or governments themselves. The second part of the paper analyzes the characteristics of each source.

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Grossman, Gene, and Elhanan Helpman. The Politics of Free Trade Agreements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4597.

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Leamer, Edward. American Regionalism and Global Free Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4753.

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