Готові списки джерел за темами / Free French

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Free French"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 1 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Free French":

Bradley, Paul. "French free radio." French Cultural Studies 2, no. 4 (February 1991): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095715589100200403.

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Drott, Eric. "Free Jazz and the French Critic." Journal of the American Musicological Society 61, no. 3 (2008): 541–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2008.61.3.541.

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Abstract From the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, free jazz was the subject of considerable public interest in France. The present article examines the conditions that fueled enthusiasm for American avant-garde jazz, focusing on the politicization of discourse surrounding the ‘new thing.’ Critics hostile to the movement felt that it undermined jazz's claim to universality, a cornerstone of postwar attempts to valorize the genre in the French cultural sphere. Yet the tendency to identify free jazz with various forms of African American political radicalism presented no less of a challenge for the movement's advocates. By constructing an image of free jazz that stressed its irremediable difference from the norms and values of European culture, writers were compelled to find alternative ways of relating it to contemporary French concerns. A reading of Philippe Carles and Jean-Louis Comolli's text Free Jazz Black Power shows how the authors' attempt to reinscribe African American cultural nationalism as an expression of transnational anticolonial struggle not only helped bring free jazz closer to the French experience, but also served as a way of working through the unresolved legacies of colonialism.

White, Eugene N. "Free banking during the French Revolution." Explorations in Economic History 27, no. 3 (July 1990): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4983(90)90013-o.

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Dauncey, Hugh, and Geoff Hare. "French youth talk radio: the free market and free speech." Media, Culture & Society 21, no. 1 (January 1999): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016344399021001005.

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Bene, Krisztián. "A Szabad Francia Légierő tevékenysége Afrikában." Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 12, no. 1-3. (October 30, 2018): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2018.12.1-3.7.

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The Free French Air Forces were the air branch of the Free French Forces during the Second World War from 1940 to 1943 when they finally became part of the new regular French Air Forces. This study aims to present the activity of this special and little-known air force over the territory of Africa during this period.After the French defeat in June 1940 General Charles de Gaulle went to England to continue the fight against the Axis Forces and created the Free French Forces. Several airmen of the French Air Forces rallied to General de Gaulle which allowed the creation of the Free French Forces on 1st July 1940 under the command of Admiral Émile Muselier. The Free French commandment wanted to deploy their units during the reconquest of the French African colonies, so they were sent to participate in the occupation of French Equatorial Africa in 1940. Other flying units struggled in East and North Africa together with British troops against the invading Italian armies. These forces were reorganized in 1941 and continued the fight in the frame of fighter and bombing squadrons (groupes in French). Most of them (five of seven) were created and deployed in Africa as the Lorraine, the Alsace, the Bretagne, the Artois and the Picardie squadrons.From 1940 to 1943 5,000 men served in the ranks of the Free French Air Forces, which is a modest number if we compare with the power of the air forces of the other allied countries. At the same time, the presence and the activity of these forces were an important aid to Great Britain during a hard period of its history, so this contribution was appreciated by the British government in the end of the war at the political scene.

Bowker, Lynne, and Frédéric Blain. "When French becomes Canadian French." Journal of Internationalization and Localization 9, no. 1 (October 13, 2022): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jial.22007.bow.

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Abstract In late 2020, the free online translation tool Microsoft Translator began to offer the option of translating into “French (Canada)” as a target language, alongside the previously offered “French”. Using a list of ten COVID-19 terms previously identified by Bowker (2020) as having different equivalents in Canadian French and European French, we evaluate the ability of Microsoft Translator to localize these terms into the two varieties of French. The findings indicate that while this tool does a good job of localizing the terms into Canadian French, it also uses a high number of Canadian French terms when the target language is set to “French”. One potential reason for this may be that the corpus used to train the tool for “French” contains a disproportionate number of examples from Canadian sources, and so there may be a problem of bias where the tool is amplifying Canadian French in the machine translation output.

Thomas, Martin. "Imperial backwater or strategic outpost? The British takeover of Vicky Madagascar, 1942." Historical Journal 39, no. 4 (December 1996): 1049–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00024754.

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ABSTRACTBetween June 1940 and September 1942 the French colony of Madagascar was a part of the Vichy French empire and a life-line for supplies to French Indo-China. Governor Paul Annet's island administration assumed a critical importance to Britain and South Africa after the fall of Singapore in February 1942. Conscious of the precedent of Vichy's two-fold capitulation to Japanese demands upon Indo-China in August 1940 and July 1941, both the British and the American governments feared that Annet might follow suit, conceding to Japan the use of Madagascar's principal ports and air bases. This threat led to the invasion of Madagascar by British empire forces. The attack began in May 1942 and was completed by October. Much to General Charles de Gaulle's lasting annoyance, the Free French movement played no part in these operations, although the British installed a Free French administration at Tananarive in December. This article examines the Madagascar invasion in the light of this exclusion of the Free French. It measures the strategic importance of the island against the political damage caused to Anglo-Free French relations by the British rebuttal of de Gaulle. It is argued that the British government utilized the Madagascar takeover as a means to keep the French national committee in check, disregarding Free French proposals as a result. Albeit temporary, this generated political confusion within Madagascar itself.

Cole, Robert, and G. E. Maguire. "Anglo-American Policy towards the Free French." American Historical Review 102, no. 4 (October 1997): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170676.

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Zimmerman, Sarah J. "The Gendered Consequences of Abolition and Citizenship on Nineteenth-Century Gorée Island." Journal of Women's History 35, no. 3 (September 2023): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a905188.

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Abstract: In the spring of 1848, the French Second Republic abolished slavery and made citizens of most adult male residents in its overseas territories. Gorée Island (Senegal) became a French exclave, where free and freed women experienced socioeconomic and political decline. The patriarchal French state that “liberated” enslaved women and “enfranchised” former female slave owners simultaneously limited Goréen women’s avenues to economic prosperity and political authority. French republicanism unsettled a significant sociopolitical distinction, the slave–nonslave divide, making gender a more salient factor mediating Goréens’ access to liberty and the public sphere. Goréen women experienced their formal integration into the Second French Republic—with the regime’s patriarchal republican laws and institutions—as colonialism. Goréens became members of a French Republic that championed universal equality, gendered difference, and patriarchy. French republican tenets excluded Goréen women from civic politics and the public sphere and created female colonial subjects on an island of citizens.

Gaspar Celaya, Diego. "Spanish exiles, transnational soldiers from the French internment camps to the Free French Forces." Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies 27, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1898153.

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Дисертації з теми "Free French":

De, Young de la Marck David Jacques. "Free French and British intelligence relations, 1940-1944." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251830.

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Goldstein, Samantha. "U.S. Importation of French Cheeses: Trade Protectionism or Consumer Protection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44196.

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This study examines the extent to which the equivalency provision presented in the SPS agreement is able to foster trade negotiations between countries adopting different food safety measures. The study examines the role of scientific evidence as well as the political, economic, and cultural factors in impacting the national regulatory process and the international trade negotiations. It focuses on the limitations of science in allowing countries to reach consensus in contentious trade-related debates laden with risk uncertainty and missing data. The study consists of comparing the key components of the U.S. and French regulatory systems to identify the cultural basis for the differences in the perception of listeria risk and in preferences to control it. The stringent standards adopted in the U.S. and the preference for pasteurization are attributed to the complete separation of the regulatory functions form those of food production, the open style of decision-making which allows private citizens to review and comment on administrative actions, the unwillingness of U.S. regulators to expose vulnerable individuals to deadly pathogens, and the reliance on quantitative data to validate the effectiveness of pasteurization. The more flexible standards impacting listeria regulation in France are attributed to the the integration of regulatory functions with those of food production, the consumer preference for natural products, the public's trust in the government's regulatory decisions, and the belief that the determination of appropriate safety measures should be left up to the producers.
Master of Science

Vlachou, Evangelia. "Free Choice in and out of Context : Semantics and Distribution of French, Greek and English free choice items." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040084.

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Les Termes de Choix Libre (TCLs) ont souvent été analysés comme des Termes à Polarité. On a souvent supposé, de ce fait, que leur distribution pouvait être analysée au moyen des conditions de légitimation ou d'anti-légitimation. En m'appuyant sur des données du français, du grec et de l'anglais, je soutiens l'hypothèse que cette approche n'est pas correcte. Les TCLs ont une s'emantique lexicale riche exprimant l'élargissement, l'indiscrimination, l'indifférence, l'ignorance, l'indistinction et la d'apréciation. Puisque toutes les valeurs des TCLs peuvent être pragmatiquement bloquées dans tout contexte, je propose que la distribution des TCLs est entièrement libre, sauf dans quelques cas où on a un blocage sémantique
It has often been argued that Free Choice Items (FCIs) are Polarity Items. Consequently, we have analyzed FCI distribution in terms of the conditions of licensing and anti-licensing. Based on French, Greek and English data, I defend the hypothesis that this approach is not correct. FCIs have a very strong lexical semantics. They express widening, indiscriminacy, indifference, ignorance, indistinguishability and low-level. Since all the readings of FCIs can be pragmatically blocked in all contexts, I propose that the distribution of FCIs is entirely free with the exception of certain cases in which we have semantic blocking

Soulié, Claire-Amandine. "Is the free press free? : French and British control of the rising Fourth Estate in a colonial context 1880-1914." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517168.

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Mahoney, Kathleen. "Musicality in nineteenth-century French poetry prior to the emergence of free verse : Baudelaire, MallarmeÌ." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268846.

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Krass, Charlotte Rebecca. "Challenging the Republic : French Roma policy in an enlarged EU." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31484.

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This thesis explores the relationship between the colour-blind public philosophy of republicanism and the French state's policies targeting the Roma. It addresses one core research question: how did political actors use neo-republican ideas to communicate and justify policies targeting the Roma? To do this, it examines the discourse of French and European Union (EU) actors involved in the formulation and implementation of polices targeting the Roma from 2010 to 2016. This discourse comprised political speeches, policy reports, memos, media clippings and 50 in-depth interviews with French and EU actors. Building on Christina Boswell and James Hampshire's theory of discursive strategies, this thesis focuses on the strategic deployment of republican ideas, notably the ways in which political actors were able to exploit their polyvalence. This thesis argues that political actors used four key republican ideas to communicate and justify policies targeting the Roma in France. First, a commitment to universalism allowed political actors to deny accusations of ethnic targeting while pursuing policies that disproportionally targeted Roma migrants. Second, political actors deployed the idea of a 'neutral' public sphere to justify the eviction and deportation of residents living in so-called Roma camps. Third, political actors used a logic of administrative selection to predetermine which evicted 'Roma' migrants were worthy of state support. Fourth, recipients of this support were subject to a state-led process of assimilation akin to a modern 'civilising mission', which political actors defended as a necessary step towards integration. This thesis concludes that it was precisely the polyvalence of republican ideas that allowed actors to deploy them to communicate and justify discriminatory policies. In doing so, it builds upon a growing literature on the role of republicanism in contemporary French politics and provides a rich empirical study that captures the influence of a general public philosophy on specific policy decisions. Additionally, it extends recent scholarship on the treatment of the Roma in Europe and contributes to debate about the challenges of free movement in an enlarged EU.

Drouin, Jennifer. ""To be or not to be free" : nation and gender in Québécois adaptations of Shakespeare." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85904.

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At first glance, the long tradition of Quebecois adaptations of Shakespeare might seem paradoxical, since Quebec is a francophone nation seeking political independence and has little direct connection to the British literary canon. However, it is precisely this cultural distance that allows Quebecois playwrights to play irreverently with Shakespeare and use his texts to explore issues of nation and gender which are closely connected to each other. Soon after the Quiet Revolution, adaptations such as Robert Gurik's Hamlet, prince du Quebec and Jean-Claude Germain's Rodeo et Juliette raised the question "To be or not to be free" in order to interrogate how Quebec could take action to achieve independence. In Macbeth and La tempete, Michel Garneau "tradapts" Shakespeare and situates his texts in the context of the Conquest. Jean-Pierre Ronfard's Lear and Vie et mort du Roi Boiteux carnivalize the nation and permit women to rise to power. Adaptations since 1990 reveal awareness of the need for cultural and gender diversity so that women, queers, and immigrants may contribute more to the nation's development. Since Quebec is simultaneously colonial, neo-colonial, and postcolonial, Quebecois playwrights negotiate differently than English Canadians the fine line between the enrichment of their local culture and its possible contamination, assimilation, or effacement by Shakespeare's overwhelming influence, which thus allows them to appropriate his texts in service of gender issues and the decolonization of the Quebec nation.

Westberg, Erik. "Fria skolval och lärarfacken : En jämförelse mellan svensk och fransk skoldebatt." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1233.

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This essay compares the public debate in Sweden 1992 caused by the reforms introduced by the then government giving parents a free choice of schools for their children with the current debate in France about proposals for a similar law there. The study concentrates on the positions taken by the teachers trade unions, in Sweden Lärarförbundet and Lärarnas Riksförbund (LR) and in France SGEN-CFDT. To do so it is necessary also to study the arguments given for and against the proposals by the political parties.

Some of the differences between the debates can be attributed to different circumstances. The Swedish reform was related to the opening up of possibilities to run private schools, which previously had been rare in Sweden. The French debate has no such connections. The private schools, mostly Catholic, have a very stable share of the students and no side is openly arguing for a change of any sort. Other differences depend on the French adversity to liberalism, almost always conflated with neo-liberalism which makes market-oriented arguments much less common in French public debate.

Among the trade unions the big difference is between the two Swedish organisations, LR was overall positive to the proposals while Lärarförbundet opposed them. In France SGEN-CFDT takes a position strikingly similar to Lärarförbundets in Sweden 1992 seeing free choice as undermining the idea of a school system for all. In Sweden that idea is seen as a part of the welfare state, closely connected to the Social Democratic party. In France it is seen as a republican idea, connected to an idea of citizenship.

The trade unions of the teachers in both France and Sweden are also in similar positions as their role has become merely reactive. There seems to be little room left for them to formulate policy and push the educational systems in their prefered directions.

Whitman, Elizabeth Rose. "Factors Affecting Green Turtle Foraging Ecology Across Multiple Spatial Scales." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3870.

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The hierarchical levels at which resource selection occurs can have important consequences for individual and population energy budgets and structure the impacts of a forager on its ecosystem. Assessing factors affecting resource selection of large marine herbivores across scales is important because of their potentially large impacts on seagrass community dynamics and historical and current changes in their population sizes and those of their potential predators. I explored the factors (predation risk, resource abundance, quality and identity) affecting resource use of large marine herbivores (green turtles, Chelonia mydas) from the scale of habitat patches to forage species within patches. I used a combination of in-water surveys, aerial drone video transects, baited camera surveys, and seagrass community and nutrient content analyses to provide insights into resource use by turtles in multiple ecological contexts. In Abaco, The Bahamas I found relatively intact shark populations, including apex predators, relative to other parts of the Caribbean. In the context of healthy predator populations in Abaco, I tested a priori predictions rooted in Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) theory. Green turtles off Abaco deviated from predictions of an IFD determined by the standing stocks of seagrass. Instead, distributions are consistent with predictions of the foraging arena hypothesis with turtles largely restricted to safe habitat patches and selecting locations within these where seagrass N content is relatively high. Marine invasive species can have detrimental effects on coastal ecosystems and economies. Therefore, understanding the effects of, and factors influencing the rate of spread of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Caribbean is important. In the French West Indies (Guadeloupe, Martinique and St. Martin), I investigated foraging preferences for native versus invasive seagrass species and whether green turtles might facilitate or attenuate the invasion through their choice of habitats and feeding patterns. Green turtle distributions were correlated with native seagrass distributions. Also, despite similar nutrient contents, turtles preferred feeding on native seagrasses irrespective of their relative abundance within a patch. These results suggest that, as predicted by the Enemy Release Hypothesis, green turtles likely facilitate the invasion and spread of the invasive seagrass that may reduce energy flow into turtle populations.

Jämtander, Jämtander. "Models explaining the average return on the Stockholm Stock Exchange." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40360.

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Using three different models, we examine the determinants of average stock returns on the Stockholm Stock Exchange during 2012-2016. By using time-series data, we find that a Fama-French three-factor model (directed at capturing size and book-to-market ratio) functions quite well in the Swedish stock market and is able to explain the variation in returns better than the traditional CAPM. Additionally, we investigated if the addition of a Price/Earning variable to the Fama-French model would increase the explanatory power of the expected returns of the different dependent variables portfolios. We conclude that the P/E ratio does not influence the expected returns in the sample we used.

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Книги з теми "Free French":

Lambert, Franck. The Saboteurs: Free French. Paris: Histoire & Collections, 2015.

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Pedler, R. H. The free French: Beaconsfield and Africa. Beasonsfield: Robin Pedler Limited, 2006.

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Maguire, G. E. Anglo-American Policy towards the Free French. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371644.

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Maguire, G. E. Anglo-American policy towards the free French. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.

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Penven, Eric Le. Commando Kieffer: Free French no 10 & no 4 commando. Bayeux: Heimdal, 2006.

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Hutcheson, Helen. Vocabulaire du libre-échange =: Vocabulary of free trade. [Ottawa]: Secrétariat d'Etat du Canada, 1991.

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Arnold, Gladys. One woman's war: A Canadian reporter with the Free French. Toronto: J. Lorimer & Co., 1987.

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Braux, Alain. Paleo French cuisine: A paleo practical guide with recipes. [United States]: Alain Braux International Pub., 2013.

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Scott, Clive. Vers libre: Theemergence of free verse in France 1886-1914. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990.

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Marowitz, Charles. Boulevard comedies: Free adaptations of Becque, Feydeau, and Molière. Lyme, NH: SK, 2000.

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Частини книг з теми "Free French":

Neather, Edward, and Mike Ounsworth. "Free Time." In French GCSE, 41–58. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13838-8_4.

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Neather, Edward, and Mike Ounsworth. "Free Time." In Work Out French GCSE, 45–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11869-4_4.

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Tortarolo, Edoardo. "The Functional Ambiguity of Censorship and the French Enlightenment." In The Invention of Free Press, 51–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7346-1_3.

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Landeweerd, Rita, and Co Vet. "Tense in (free) indirect discourse in French." In Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 141. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.43.11lan.

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Stanziani, Alessandro. "How Do You Say “Free” in French?" In Labor on the Fringes of Empire, 177–249. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70392-3_5.

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Maguire, G. E. "Free France and the United States, 1940–42." In Anglo-American Policy towards the Free French, 18–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371644_2.

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White, Eugene N. "Experiments with Free Banking during the French Revolution." In Unregulated Banking, 131–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11398-9_4.

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Maguire, G. E. "De Gaulle in London and the Formation of Free France, 1940–42." In Anglo-American Policy towards the Free French, 1–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371644_1.

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Maguire, G. E. "Lebanon and Syria." In Anglo-American Policy towards the Free French, 35–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371644_3.

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Maguire, G. E. "North Africa, 1940–42." In Anglo-American Policy towards the Free French, 56–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371644_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Free French":

Serre, Laurent, and Francois Falempin. "Development of S4 Free Jet Test Facility for the French LEA Flight Test Program." In 15th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-2651.

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Serre, Laurent, Pascal Denis, Nicolas Cortes, and François Falempin. "Development of S4 Free Jet Test Facility for the French LEA Flight Test Program." In 17th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2264.

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Serre, Laurent. "Development of S4 Free Jet Test Facility For The French LEA Flight Test Program." In 16th AIAA/DLR/DGLR International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-7358.

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Blondet, Eric, and Claude Faidy. "High Cycle Thermal Fatigue in French PWR." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22762.

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Different fatigue-related incidents which occurred in the world on the auxiliary lines of the reactor coolant system (SIS, RHR, CVC) have led EDF to search solutions in order to avoid or to limit consequences of thermodynamic phenomenal (Farley-Tihange, free convection loop and stratification, independent thermal cycling). Studies are performed on mock-up and compared with instrumentation on nuclear power stations. At the present time, studies allow EDF to carry out pipe modifications and to prepare specifications and recommendations for next generation of nuclear power plants. In 1998, a new phenomenal appeared on RHR system in Civaux. A crack was discovered in an area where hot and cold fluids (temperature difference of 140°C) were mixed. Metallurgic studies concluded that this crack was caused by high cycle thermal fatigue. Since 1998, EDF is making an inventory of all mixing areas in French PWR on basis of criteria. For all identified areas, a method was developed to improve the first classifying and to keep back only potential damage pipes. Presently, studies are performing on the charging line nozzle connected to the reactor pressure vessel. In order to evaluate the load history, a mock-up has been developed and mechanical calculations are realised on this nozzle. The paper will make an overview of EDF conclusions on these different points: • dead legs and vortex in a no flow connected line; • stratification; • mixing tees with high ΔT.

Rapin, Lucile, Jean-Luc Schwartz, and Lucie Menard. "Are idiosyncrasies in vowel production free or learned? A study of French vowels in biological brothers." In 173rd Meeting of Acoustical Society of America and 8th Forum Acusticum. Acoustical Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000588.

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Ko, H.-H., T.-Y. Liu, W.-J. Chung, and C.-H. Lin. "Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil of Cinnamomum species." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399776.

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Leibbrand, M., S. Siefer, C. Schön, T. Perrinjaquet-Moccetti, A. Kompek, A. Csernich, F. Bucar, and MH Kreuter. "Effect of an oil-free hydroethanolic pumpkin seed extract on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399723.

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Seong, BJ, KS Lee, SI Kim, MG Jee, AR Kwon, HH Kim, and HC Lee. "Correlation analysis between free sugar and organic acid contents during growing period of sprout Ginseng." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400351.

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Vanlemmens, L., S. Delaloge, A. Ploquin, T. Bachelot, J.-S. Frenel, C. Loustalot, P. Kerbrat, et al. "Abstract P6-06-07: 5-year disease free-survival results of aggressively-treated breast cancer during pregnancy: Results from a French multicenter study." In Abstracts: Thirty-Sixth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - Dec 10-14, 2013; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p6-06-07.

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Dodt, D., A. Dinklage, R. Fischer, K. Bartschat, O. Zatsarinny, Hans-Jürgen Hartfuss, Michel Dudeck, Jozef Musielok, and Marek J. Sadowski. "Form-Free Reconstruction of an Electron Energy Distribution Function from Optical Emission Spectroscopy." In PLASMA 2007: International Conference on Research and Applications of Plasmas; 4th German-Polish Conference on Plasma Diagnostics for Fusion and Applications; 6th French-Polish Seminar on Thermal Plasma in Space and Laboratory. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2909110.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Free French":

Lefevre, Bruno, and Philippe Bouquillion. Communications, media and internet concentration in France, 2019-2021. Global Media and Internet Concentration Project, Carleton University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/gmicp/2024.2.

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This report focuses on approximately thirty French markets, contributing to local debates and research as part of the Global Media and Internet Concentration Project (GMICP). It explores the dynamics of diversified economic players in cultural industries (press, audiovisual, books, music), emphasizing the coexistence of 'traditional' and 'new' entrants. The study provides sector-based and global analyses, revealing a dual dynamic of diversification and concentration in the production, distribution, and broadcasting of cultural and information content. Audiovisual content broadcasting, both free and pay, demonstrates national dominance but faces challenges from foreign groups. Financialization and concentration affect media and cultural goods industries, posing risks to diversity of opinion. The dominance of North American groups in digital services, particularly in advertising, is noted, impacting traditional media revenues. Telecom operators lead the French market, with regulators monitoring concentration dynamics for potential negative impacts on diversity.

Kanner, Joseph, Mark Richards, Ron Kohen, and Reed Jess. Improvement of quality and nutritional value of muscle foods. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591735.bard.

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Food is an essential to our existence but under certain conditions it could become the origin to the accumulative health damages. Technological processes as heating, chopping, mincing, grounding, promote the lipid oxidation process in muscle tissues and meat foodstuffs. Lipid oxidation occurred rapidly in turkey muscle, intermediate in duck, and slowest in chicken during frozen storage. Depletion of tocopherol during frozen storage was more rapid in turkey and duck compared to chicken. These processes developed from lipid peroxides produce many cytotoxic compounds including malondialdehyde (MDA). The muscle tissue is further oxidized in stomach conditions producing additional cytotoxic compounds. Oxidized lipids that are formed during digestion of a meal possess the potential to promote reactions that incur vascular diseases. A grape seed extract (1% of the meat weight) and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.2% of the lipid weight) were each effective at preventing formation of lipid oxidation products for 3 hours during co-incubation with cooked turkey meat in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Polyphenols in the human diet, as an integral part of the meal prevent the generation and absorption of cytotoxic compounds and the destruction of essential nutrients, eg. antioxidants vitamins during the meal. Polyphenols act as antioxidants in the gastrointestinal tract; they scavenge free radicals and may interact with reactive carbonyls, enzymes and proteins. These all reactions results in decreasing the absorption of reactive carbonyls and possible other cytotoxic compounds into the plasma. Consumptions of diet high in fat and red meat are contributory risk factors partly due to an increase production of cytotoxic oxidized lipid products eg. MDA. However, the simultaneously consumption of polyphenols rich foods reduce these factors. Locating the biological site of action of polyphenols in the in the gastrointestinal tract may explain the paradox between the protective effect of a highly polyphenols rich diet and the low bioavailability of these molecules in human plasma. It may also explain the "French paradox" and the beneficial effect of Mediterranean and Japanese diets, in which food products with high antioxidants content such as polyphenols are consumed during the meal.

Poverenov, E., Philip Demokritou, Yaguang Luo, and V. Rodov. Green nature inspired nano-sanitizers for enhancing safety of ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134145.bard.

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In this proposal, we suggest novel ways to address food safety problems in the expanding sector of fresh, ready-to-eat, fresh-cut, minimally processed fruits and vegetables. These products are becoming increasingly popular with consumers because they provide an easy way to increase consumption of phytonutrient-rich fresh foods, as recommended by health experts. However, ready-to-eat fresh fruits and vegetables may be associated with two serious health hazards. The first hazard is microbiological; human pathogens, potentially present on raw fruits and vegetables, may survive the mild interventions of minimal processing and could be further spread by cross-contamination. The second hazard is chemical; typical decontamination techniques use chlorine derivatives and strong oxidizers, which can taint food products with potentially harmful and carcinogenic byproducts. The overall goal of this work is to provide consumers with healthy and safe ready-to-eat produce that is free of microbial and chemical hazards

Crisosto, Carlos, Susan Lurie, Haya Friedman, Ebenezer Ogundiwin, Cameron Peace, and George Manganaris. Biological Systems Approach to Developing Mealiness-free Peach and Nectarine Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592650.bard.

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Peach and nectarine production worldwide is increasing; however consumption is flat or declining because of the inconsistent eating quality experienced by consumers. The main factor for this inconsistent quality is mealiness or woolliness, a form of chilling injury that develops following shipping periods in the global fruit market today. Our research groups have devised various postharvest methods to prolong storage life, including controlled atmosphere and delayed storage; however, these treatments only delay mealiness. Mealiness texture results from disruption of the normal ripening process involving disassembly of cell wall material, and creates a soft fruit texture that is dry and grainy instead of juicy and smooth. Solving this problem is a prerequisite for increasing the demand for fresh peach and nectarine. Two approaches were used to reveal genes and their associated biochemical processes that can confer resistance to mealiness or wooliness. At the Volcani Center, Israel, a nectarine cultivar and the peach cultivar (isogenetic materials) from which the nectarine cultivar spontaneously arose, and at the Kearney Agricultural Center of UC Davis, USA, a peach population that segregates for quantitative resistance to mealiness was used for dissecting the genetic components of mealiness development. During our project we have conducted research integrating the information from phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression studies, proposed possible candidate genes and SNPs-QTLs mapping that are involved in reducing peach mealiness susceptibility. Numerous genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and its signal transduction, cell wall structure and metabolism, stress response, different transcription factor families were detected as being differentially accumulated in the cold-treated samples of these sensitive and less sensitive genotypes. The ability to produce ethylene and keep active genes involved in ethylene signaling, GTP-binding protein, EIN-3 binding protein and an ethylene receptor and activation of ethyleneresponsive fruit ripening genes during cold storage provided greater resistance to CI. Interestingly, in the functional category of genes differentially expressed at harvest, less chilling sensitive cultivar had more genes in categories related to antioxidant and heat sock proteins/chaperones that may help fruit to adapt to low temperature stress. The specific objectives of the proposed research were to: characterize the phenotypes and cell wall components of the two resistant systems in response to mealiness- inducing conditions; identify commonalities and specific differences in cell wall proteins and the transcriptome that are associated with low mealiness incidence; integrate the information from phenotypic, biochemical, and gene expression studies to identify candidate genes that are involved in reducing mealiness susceptibility; locate these genes in the Prunus genome; and associate the genes with genomic regions conferring quantitative genetic variation for mealiness resistance. By doing this we will locate genetic markers for mealiness development, essential tools for selection of mealiness resistant peach lines with improved fruit storability and quality. In our research, QTLs have been located in our peach SNPs map, and proposed candidate genes obtained from the integrated result of phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression analysis are being identified in our QTLs as an approach searching for consistent assistant markers for peach breeding programs.

Zilberman, David, Amir Heiman, and Yanhong Jin. Use of Branding and Sampling in Agricultural Fresh Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7697116.bard.

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The original proposal has three main objectives: a conceptual framework on willingness to pay (WTP) for fruits and vegetables, the introduction of branding and sampling in fresh food, and empirical applications to the United States and Israel. We modified our research plan over time based on availability of data and emergence of new problems. We expanded the range of products to include poultry and the range of techniques to use real experiments as well as more traditional surveys. We expanded the range of problems to understand attitudes toward genetically modified (GM) food. There is a growing interest in introduction of marketing tools like demonstration sampling, money-back guarantees, labeling, and brands in agriculture. These marketing tools are important for enhancing demand for agricultural products and food safety. However, the methodology needed to assess the effectiveness of these tools and understand their performance in different agricultural sectors is limited. Our analysis demonstrated the importance of brands as a marketing tool in agriculture. In particular, we showed conceptually that strong brands can be substitutes for other marketing tools like sampling or demonstration. We were able to conduct real experiments for the demand for safe chicken and show that consumers are willing to pay significantly more for products branded as more safe. Yet, using experiments in Israel and the United States, we found that WTP for brands of fresh fruits and vegetables is smaller than in other product categories. Warning labels are a sort of negative branding. The GM-free labeling is particularly important since it serves as a trade barrier to U.S. crops exports. Our analysis of acceptance of GM products found that WTP for GM products in Israel and the United States depends on framing of information about the impact ofGM and the quantity of information disclosed. Finally, in analyzing the evolution of support for Proposition 37 that aimed to introduce mandatory labeling of GM in California, we found that support for mandatory labeling ofGM products is broad as long as it is not perceived to be costly. Our project demonstrates the feasibility of conducting real experiments to assess consumer demand in agriculture. When looking at interdisciplinary groups, one can design new products and assess the WTP for their characteristics. We also show that, while branding is a very strong marketing tool, its use in fresh fruit and vegetables is likely to be limited. However, brands can be important with processed food. Furthermore, we have proven that, while some consumers strongly object to GM products, most consumers in the United States and Israel would be willing to buy them for a discount, and some would pay extra if they are associated with improved characteristics. Finally, we expanded the notion of warning labels to calorie information and showed that the response to calorie information depends on gender, education, and how the information is presented.

Moreno, Melissa. Method for Calculating Delayed Gamma-Ray Response in the ACRR Central Cavity and FREC-II Cavity Using MCNP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762940.

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Carter, T. R., C. E. Logan, J K Clark, H. A. J. Russell, E. H. Priebe, and S. Sun. A three-dimensional bedrock hydrostratigraphic model of southern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331098.

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A hydrostratigraphic framework has been developed for southern Ontario consisting of 15 hydrostratigraphic units and 3 regional hydrochemical regimes. Using this framework, the 54 layer 3-D lithostratigraphic model has been converted into a 15 layer 3-D hydrostratigraphic model. Layers are expressed as either aquifer or aquitard based principally on hydrogeologic characteristics, in particular the permeability and the occurrence/absence of groundwater when intersected by a water well or petroleum well. Hydrostratigraphic aquifer units are sub-divided into up to three distinct hydrochemical regimes: brines (deep), brackish-saline sulphur water (intermediate), and fresh (shallow). The hydrostratigraphic unit assignment provides a standard nomenclature and definition for regional flow modelling of potable water and deeper fluids. Included in the model are: 1) 3-D hydrostratigraphic units, 2) 3-D hydrochemical fluid zones within aquifers, 3) 3-D representations of oil and natural gas reservoirs which form an integral part of the intermediate to deep groundwater regimes, 4) 3-D fluid level surfaces for deep Cambrian brines, for brines and fresh to sulphurous groundwater in the Guelph Aquifer, and the fresh to sulphurous groundwater of the Bass Islands Aquifer and Lucas-Dundee Aquifer, 5) inferred shallow karst, 6) base of fresh water, 7) Lockport Group TDS, and 8) the 3-D lithostratigraphy. The 3-D hydrostratigraphic model is derived from the lithostratigraphic layers of the published 3-D geological model. It is constructed using Leapfrog Works at 400 m grid scale and is distributed in a proprietary format with free viewer software as well as industry standard formats.

Leslie, Katie L., Rachel L. Welicky, Maureen A. Williams, and Chelsea L. Wood. Parasite Biodiversity. American Museum of Natural History, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0150.

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In this module, students have the opportunity to discover the hidden world of parasites: they will come face to face with living parasites, learn about what differentiates parasites from free-living species, observe some common adaptations to a parasitic lifestyle, explore the ecological role of parasites in food webs, and assess how parasite abundance might change in a changing world. To accomplish these goals, this module includes an introductory PowerPoint presentation (including a video of parasite ecologist Dr. Chelsea L. Wood delivering this introductory lecture) and two exercises. The first exercise is a wet lab that involves dissecting an easy (and disturbing) source of live parasite material: fresh fish from your local seafood market. The second exercise is a computer lab that will allow students to engage with real data to answer the question: how do human impacts on ecosystems change the abundance of parasites in wildlife? This module will introduce students to the basics of parasite ecology and provide an opportunity to practice their data analysis and interpretation skills.

Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.

Mejía, Luis Fernando, and César Pablón. COVID-19 y riesgo de automatización en el mercado laboral de los países andinos. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005132.

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Este documento examina los impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el mercado laboral de la Comunidad Andina (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú), utilizando la armonización de encuestas de hogares en cada país. Los resultados confirman un aumento en la tasa de desempleo, especialmente entre la población joven y las mujeres, agravando las disparidades preexistentes. A pesar de la uniformidad en la propagación del virus y las similitudes en la configuración del sistema laboral, se identifican notables disparidades en los efectos sobre el empleo, la formalidad, las ocupaciones y las ramas entre los diferentes países, lo cual sugiere una asimilación diferenciada de los efectos entre las ocupaciones formales e informales. En 2021, se confirma una recuperación del empleo, aunque todavía ubicándose por encima de los niveles anteriores a la pandemia, ratificando así una recuperación sin creación de empleo (jobless recovery). Además, se constata que la pandemia afectó principalmente a empleos susceptibles de automatización, acelerando este proceso que venía consolidándose con anterioridad. Finalmente, basándose en la metodología de Frey & Osborne (2017), se estima que alrededor del 60 % de los puestos de trabajo en estos países enfrentan un alto riesgo de automatización a mediano plazo, subrayando la urgencia de implementar políticas inclusivas y adaptativas frente a esta inminente transformación.