Готові списки джерел за темами / Formal Indonesian

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Formal Indonesian"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Formal Indonesian"

Pramitha, Asi Intan. "Formal Translation On Indonesian President Speech." Buletin Al-Turas 21, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 385–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v21i2.3848.

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Abstract This research analyzes President Speech Script from “State Address by President of the Republic of Indonesia on the Occasion of the 65th Anniversary of Independence of the Republic Indonesia which contains two languages. The purpose of this research is to discover the language expressions to know which the level of formality used in President Speech in translation of Indonesian into English. The writer analyzes the President speech as the unit of analysis. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative by comparing two text of President Speech, the Source Language (Indonesian) and Target Language (English). It uses the level of formality theory to analyze the language expressions used in translation of Indonesian into English. In this research the writer finds that there are some words, phrases, and sentences which those expressions show the formality. Based on this research, the formality mostly showed from the diction or word order and tone. Also, there are some expressions which are generally used by a President in his Speech. So, the result of translation is formal based on the analysis which has been done. ---tentang pidato president Indonesia pada kegiatan peringatan hari kemerdekaan bangsa Indonesia yang ke-65 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat formalitas penerjemahan ungkapan bahasa yang digunakan oleh president Indonesia dalam menyampaikan pidatonya dalam bahasa Indonesia yang kemudian diterjemahan ke dalam bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan membandingkan dua teks naskah pidato, bahasa Indonesia dan hasil terjemahannya dalam bahasa Inggris. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan teori formalitas berdasarkan sumber acuan buku teori penerjemahan. Penelitian ini, menympulkan bahwa hasil penerjemahan teks naskah pidato dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris banyak menggunakan ungkapan-ungkapan bahasa formal. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi para pembaca dan pemerhati penerjemahan.

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Fahrenzky, Dino, and Anita Herlina. "OPTIMIZATION OF PASSPORT ISSUANCE RULES FOR PROSPECTIVE INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE FORMAL SECTOR (CASE STUDY IN CLASS I IMMIGRATION OFFICE NON TPI TANGERANG)." Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v5i2.254.

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ABSTRAK Banyaknya pengangguran di wilayah Tangerang serta diiringi oleh tingginya permintaan pekerja Migran Indonesia dari negara yang memiliki kontrak kerjasama dengan negara Indonesia sehingga masyarakat bersedia menjadi PMI dengan tujuan agar mendapatkan kehdupan yang lebih baik. Jenis Pekerja Migran Indonesia pada sektor formal yang digolongkan kedalam jenis Pekerja Migran Indonesia yang bekerja pada pemberi kerja yang berbadan hukum. Aturan yang mengatur tentang persyaratan penerbitan paspor bagi calon pekerja migran Indonesia diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 8 Tahun 2014 tentang Paspor Biasa dan Surat Perjalanan Laksana Paspor. Surat Rekomendasi penerbitan paspor dari Dinas Ketenagakerjaan sebagaimana merupakan salah satu syarat penerbitan paspor bagi calon pekerja migran Indonesia, namun dalam implementasinya di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I Non TPI Tangerang calon pekerja migran Indonesia khususnya pada sektor formal sering tidak mengurus penerbitan surat rekomenasi penerbitan paspor dari Dinas Ketenagakerjaan karena berbagai alasan. Oleh karena itu dijelaskan implementasi peraturan terhadap calon PMI yang mendaftarkan penerbitan paspor di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I Non TPI Tangerang apakah aturan terhadap calon PMI sektor formal tersebut sudah optimal. Sehingga perlu adanya optimalisasi terhadap aturan yang mengatur tentang persyaratan penerbitan paspor bagi calon pekerja migran Indonesia khususnya pada sektor formal yang belum optimal. Hal ini dilihat dari sistem keimigrasian pada saat entry data hanya calon pekerja migran sektor informal saja yang diwajibkan menginput ID PMI sedangkan untuk calon pekerja migran Indonesia pada sektor formal tidak menginput ID PMI sehingga proses entry data bisa dilanjutkan. Maka urgensi dari surat rekomendasi penerbitan paspor dari Dinas Ketenagakerjaan hanya difokuskan kepada calon pekerja migran Indonesia pada sektor informal saja tidak terhadap calon pekerja migran Indonesia sektor formal. Kata Kunci: optimalisasi, aturan, pekerja migran Indonesia, formal ABSTRACT The high number of unemployed in the Tangerang area and accompanied by the high demand for Indonesian Migrant workers from countries that have a cooperation contract with the Indonesian state so that people are willing to become PMI with the aim of getting a better life. Types of Indonesian Migrant Workers in the formal sector are classified into the types of Indonesian Migrant Workers who work for employers who are legal entities. The rules governing passport issuance requirements for prospective Indonesian migrant workers are regulated in the Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 8 of 2014 concerning Ordinary Passports and Travel Letters Like Passports. Recommendation letter for issuing passports from the Manpower Office as one of the requirements for issuing passports for prospective Indonesian migrant workers, but in its implementation at the Immigration Office Class I Non TPI Tangerang prospective Indonesian migrant workers, especially in the formal sector, often do not take care of issuing recommendation letters for issuing passports from the Manpower Office for various reasons. Therefore, it is explained that the implementation of regulations for PMI candidates who register for passport issuance at the Class I Non-TPI Tangerang Immigration Office is explained whether the rules for PMI candidates in the formal sector are optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the rules governing the requirements for issuing passports for prospective Indonesian migrant workers, especially in the formal sector which is not yet optimal. This can be seen from the immigration system at the time of data entry, only prospective migrant workers in the informal sector are required to input PMI ID, while prospective Indonesian migrant workers in the formal sector do not enter PMI ID so that the data entry process can continue. Therefore, urgency of the recommendation letter for passport issuance from the Manpower Office is only focused on prospective Indonesian migrant workers in the informal sector, not on prospective Indonesian migrant workers in the formal sector. Keywords: optimization, regulation, Indonesian Migrant Workers, formal

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Muth’im, Abdul, and Cayandrawati Sutiono. "Becoming Polyglots through Formal and Non-Formal Language Education." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 3, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v3n2p1.

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It is not surprising that there are Indonesian people who are able to communicate only in one language, i.e., their native Language (L1). Some Javanese people—the major ethnic group living in East and Central Java -are only able to communicate in Javanese; some Sundanese people—the second major ethnic group living in West Java -are able to communicate only in Sundanese; and some Banjarese—the people living in South Kalimantan province are only able to communicate in Banjarese. This is especially true for those who never experience formal education and live in villages and remote areas for almost of their lives. For those who have ever gone to and attended formal education, they are usually able to communicate at least in two different languages, i.e., their L1 and Indonesian language, their L2. Even, some Indonesian people are not only able to communicate in L1 and L2, but also are able to communicate in more languages. In relation to these phenomena, the following question is raised: “Why do some people be able to communicate only in one language while some others are able to communicate in more, different languages?”

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Najib, Agus Moh. "Reestablishing Indonesian Madhhab: ‘Urf and the Contribution of Intellectualism." Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 58, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 171–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2020.581.171-208.

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The notion of Indonesian madhhab (school of Islamic law) is usually considered to have stopped with Hasbi and Hazairin. On the contrary, The notion of Indonesian madhhab has continued to grow and develop. Even though it has a variety of styles and trends, all of the notions of Indonesian madhhab have the same characteristics that are both contextual and formal. In addition to trying to formulate Islamic law in accordance with the context of Indonesian society, it also seeks to apply the results into statutory regulationswith formal applications. With such characteristics, the Indonesian madhhab places ‘urf (customs and community context) in a very important position as the main consideration in establishing Islamic law. Methodologically, to produce Islamic law in accordance with the Indonesian context, the Qur`anic text and the Hadith of the Prophet dialogue with Indonesian ‘urf. By using a historical approach to Islamic legal thinking, this article discusses the development of the ‘urf concept as put forward by the thinkers of Indonesian madhhab, since its emergence until now, and then discusses the influence of the notion of Indonesian madhhab regarding ‘urf in the legal products related to Islamic law in Indonesia. Following that scheme, this study found that the notion of Indonesian madhhab continues to develop along with the development of scholarly thinking about ‘urf from its thinkers.[Pemikiran tentang mazhab Indonesia biasanya dianggap telah berhenti sampai Hasbi dan Hazairin. Namun sebenarnya, pemikiran mazhab Indonesia tersebut terus mengalami perkembangan sampai dengan sekarang. Walaupun memiliki berbagai macam corak dan kecenderungan, namun semua pemikiran mazhab Indonesia tersebut memiliki karakteristik yang sama, yaitu bersifat kontekstual dan formal. Pemikiran mazhab Indonesia disamping berupaya memformulasikan hukum Islam sesuai dengan konteks masyarakat Indonesia, juga berusaha untuk menjadikan hasil formulasinya tersebut sebagai aturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku secara formal. Dengan karakteristiknya yang semacam itu, mazhab Indonesia menempatkan ‘urf (adat dan konteks masyarakat) pada posisi yang sangat penting sebagai dasar pertimbangan utama dalam penetapan hukum Islam. Secara metodologis, untuk menghasilkan hukum Islam yang sesuai dengan konteks Indonesia, dalam pemikiran mazhab Indonesia, teks Qur`an dan Hadis Nabi didialogkan dengan ‘urf Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah terhadap pemikiran hukum Islam, artikel ini membahas perkembangan konsep ‘urf yang dikemukakan oleh para pemikir mazhab Indonesia, sejak mulai dicetuskannya hingga saat ini, kemudian dibahas juga pengaruh dari pemikiran mazhab Indonesia tentang ‘urf tersebut dalam produk aturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan hukum Islam di Indonesia. Dengan kajian tersebut, artikel ini menemukan bahwa pemikiran mazhab Indonesia terus berkembang seiring dengan perkembangan pemikiran tentang ‘urf dari para tokohnya.]

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Sneddon, J. N. "Teaching informal Indonesian." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 24, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.24.2.06sne.

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Abstract Of the Major Asian languages taught in Australia, Indonesian is the only one which exists in a diglossic situation, in which the language of everyday conversation is significantly different from the formal language. Indonesian language teaching in Australia concentrates largely on the ‘high’ form of the language; in most schools and universities the everyday variety is dealt with either superficially or not at all. As a result, most Australian learners develop no proficiency in this variety. Unlike the formal language, informal Indonesian is highly context-bound, with presuppositions and shared knowledge playing an essential role in conveying meaning. The paper looks at the preposition soma to demonstrate this distinction between formal and informal language. Using language appropriate to the situation is essential to ‘good manners’ and effective communication. Hence it is important to incorporate teaching of informal language into Indonesian courses, particularly the variety spoken by the Jakartan middle-class, which is acquiring status as a standard colloquial form of the language. It has as yet been subjected to very little study and as a result almost no materials are available for teaching it. Moreover, most non-native teachers have little or no knowledge of it. Only when descriptions of this variety are available can effective teaching be implemented.

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Kussudyarsana, K., Muhammad Halim Maimun, and S. Soepatini. "Uncertainty, trust and formal governance mechanism in Indonesian family SMEs." Diponegoro International Journal of Business 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dijb.2.1.2019.31-40.

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This paper discusses the relationship between uncertainty, trust and the application of formal governance mechanism in Indonesian family SMEs. The data were obtained through survey to 360 family firms in indonesia. This study used factor analysis to validate the construct and multiple regression analysis to examine the hypothesis. The moderation testing indicated that trust moderated the relationship between uncertainty and formal governance was negatively significant

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Karjoko, Lego, I. Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, Abdul Kadir Jaelani, and Muhammad Jihadul Hayat. "Indonesia's Sustainable Development Goals Resolving Waste Problem: Informal to Formal Policy." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170230.

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Indonesia declares itself as a country-oriented towards sustainable development. However, sustainable development goals are not clearly realized in every government policy, particularly on the environmental issue. This problem invites the important question of how Indonesia realizes or constructs public policy regarding waste problems. This paper aims to examine Indonesian public policies, both initiated by the community (informal policy) and government programs (formal policy). Based on the review of the amount of data and literature, this paper finds two arguments. First, the objectives of sustainable development are substantially stated in the Indonesian regulations. This legal policy is a government action in fulfilling citizens' rights regarding the good environment as guaranteed in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, this formal policy has not been implemented proportionally. Second, the inefficiency of formal policy is actually patched by informal policies such as policy on personal drinking bottles, policy on the use of organic packing and shopping bags, etc. Nevertheless, in reality, the waste problem in Indonesia is far from what have been expected and still requires more sophisticated solutions both in the formal and informal sectors.

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Wijana, I. Dewa Putu. "Informal Bound Morphs in Indonesian." Jurnal Bastrindo 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jb.v2i2.213.

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Abstrak: Makalah ini membahas penggunaan morf terikat informal dalam bahasa Indonesia. Ada beberapa masalah yang ingin dijawab, yaitu apa morf terikat bahasa Indonesia yang biasa ditemukan dalam situasi tutur informal, berbagai makna gramatikal dapat diungkapkan oleh morf terikat tersebut, dan bagaimana kata-kata yang mengandung morf tersebut dapat diparafrasekan untuk mengidentifikasi padanan formalnya. Dengan menggunakan data yang dikumpulkan dari beberapa sumber dan menciptakan penggunaan kontekstualnya secara introspektif, ditemukan bahwa setidaknya ada lima morf terikat informal dalam penggunaan bahasa Indonesia. Beberapa dari morf terikat tersebut bersifat informal dalam semua penggunaan kontekstual, dan beberapa lainnya hanya demikian dalam mengungkapkan makna tertentu. Semua morf informal tersebut memiliki korespondensi formal meskipun dalam kasus yang sangat jarang parafrasenya tampak sangat aneh dan sulit dimengerti. Abstract: This paper deals with the use of informal bound morphs in Indonesian. There are several issues intend to be answered, i.e what are Indonesian bound morphs commonly found in informal speech situations, various grammatical meanings can be expressed by those bound morphs, and how the words containing such morphs could be paraphrased to identify their formal equivalents. By using data collected from several sources and creating their contextual usage introspectively, it is found that there are at least five informal bound morphs in the use of Indonesian. Several of those bound morphs are informal in all contextual usages, and several others are only so in expressing certain meanings. All of those informal morphs have formal correspondences eventhough in very rare cases the paraphrases seem very strange and hard to understand.

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Nugroho, Ari, and Evi Yulia Purwanti. "DETERMINAN INKLUSI KEUANGAN DI INDONESIA (GLOBAL FINDEX 2014)." JURNAL DINAMIKA EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jdep.1.1.1-13.

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Financial inclusion has been a trend since post 2008 crisis especially derived from the effects of the crisis towards the class in the bottom of the pyramid. Financial inclusion rate in Indonesia, if seen from three main indicators, is still low. Indonesians who have an account in financial institutions is at 35,95 percent and those who save is at 25,56 percent. Meanwhile, Indonesians who borrow in formal financial institutions are only at 13,3 percent. This study aims to examine individual characteristics in influencing three main indicators of financial inclusion, the ownership of the account, saving, and borrowing from formal financial institution in Indonesia. The data used is the micro-level data with 1000 respondents of the Indonesian population obtained from Global Findex 2014 issued by the World Bank. In accordance with the objectives of this study, the method used is the logit regression model.The results of the research shows that individual characteristics such as income level, education level, and age significantly affect ownership and savings accounts in formal financial institutions. While gender has no significant effect. In the third indicator which is the borrowing from formal financial institutions, only the poorest income quintile and age has a significant effect.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Formal Indonesian"

Shohibussirri, Muhammad. "Focus on topic: information structure in the formal variety of Indonesian." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12732.

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The correlation between form and function is the subject of a huge debate in linguistics. This thesis studies this correlation by investigating sentences (utterances) and their formal features, as in using language, people not only think about what to say – the informative content, but also how to order it – the structure. The study is a piece of research into the relationship between units of information conveyed in sentences and their morpho-syntactic devices (constructions, constituents and domains). It deals with important concepts in information structure such as topic, focus, topicalization and focalization. The data I use are the formal variety of Indonesian obtained from three political speeches on Pancasila. The data are categorized into canonical and non-canonical constructions, as the two have different information structure. In the former construction, a linguistic truism, that topic precedes focus, is argued to be relevant. It is also argued that conspiracy of syntax in the construction prevents new information from being placed in sentence initial position. On the other hand, in the latter, a different information structure is very likely to occur. Basing the analysis on Lambrecht (1994), on the one hand, I argue that in canonical constructions, topics strongly correlate to subjects. Only a few instances in the data show that subject is not topic. When this is so, they either refer to focus with the type ‘argument focus’ structure or refer to a part of a focused constituent with the type ‘sentence focus’ structure. On the other hand, I argue that in non-canonical sentences there are two constructions under scrutiny: word order restructure (preposing) and passive construction. I argue that their information structure is predictable to some extent. First, in preposing, NP object and PP is topicalized while VP and AdjP predicates are focalized. In addition, the preposed intransitive VP ada is used to show that subject and predicate are focused in a presentational sentence. Next, in yang sentences, the predicate may be topicalized or focalized, depending on the context where they occur. Second, in passive type 1, the subject is assigned either aboutness topic, continuing topic or new topic. If the VP predicate is preposed, it is part of the focused constituent. In passive type 2, the object is fully topicalized. I conclude that the correlation between, (i) subject and topic in canonically ordered constructions of formal Indonesian, (ii) different types of topic and subjects in passive type 1, and (iii) object and topicalization in passive type 2, are all predictable, rather than accidental or random. This, however, does not negate the possibility of individual variation by the language user. On the contrary, I draw no conclusion about the relationship between preposed predicate and focalization in the non-canonical construction. Thus, at this point, the conclusion is tentative and further research is required.

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Widjaja, Muliadi. "Designing pension programs to strengthen formal labor markets in developing countries the case of Indonesia /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11292007-165439/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.
Title from file title page. James R. Alm, committee chair; Sally Wallace, Erdal Tekin, David P. Richardson, Jorge L. Martinez-Vazquez, committee members. Electronic text (144 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 11, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-143).

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Widjaja, Muliadi. "Designing Pension Programs to Strengthen Formal Labor Markets in Developing Countries: The Case of Indonesia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/50.

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Despite abundant studies of the application of pension systems in developed countries, little work has been done on how to apply a sustainable pension system in developing countries. The set-up of pension systems in developed countries and developing countries are expected to be different because in developing countries, labor is concentrated in the informal production sectors, while labor in developed countries is concentrated in the formal production sectors. Informal production sectors are sectors where the government, either central or local government, has little access to implement fiscal policies (taxes and subsidies) on firms and labor. This research develops a comprehensive system on how to set-up pension policies generally in developing countries and specifically in Indonesia. The basic set-up of the pension system suggested in this dissertation is as follows: a short run consumption tax policy to finance a defined benefit plan to support minimum physical needs of the older population, a medium run labor income tax policy to finance individuals' defined contribution fully funded savings plan, and a long run skilled labor creation through university education so that individuals are able to self-finance their own pension savings through the fully funded savings plan. The defined benefit plan is important because it can serve as a societal redistribution tool, while the defined contribution plan serves as a household savings tool. In addition, the skilled labor creation serves as a supporting tool so that the pension program is sustained in the long run. A theoretical model is developed from Auerbach and Kotlikoff overlapping generation (OLG) computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and specified for the Indonesian economy by introducing heterogeneity in households, where skilled and unskilled labor exist. In writing the model in terms of computer language, we apply an approach named mathematical programming system for general equilibrium analysis (MPSGE), developed by Thomas Rutherford. Some parameters used in the model are estimated by using econometric methods. The OLG-CGE model is applied in order to analyze the impact of consumption taxes and pension taxes on labor supply and also to calculate the equivalent variation of the distribution of consumption taxes burden across generations. Meanwhile, the impact of skilled labor creation on economic growth is calculated by applying linear algebra. The main macroeconomy data is taken from the Indonesian social accounting matrix (SAM) year 2000. Meanwhile, labor data are taken from the Indonesian labor conditions 1998-2003. The findings in this dissertation are as follows: for the equivalent variations, the consumption taxes for USD 1, USD 2, and USD 3 cash transfers per day person gave more benefit to the skilled labor than to the unskilled ones. In the meantime, the consumption taxes for USD 1 cash transfer gave incentives to the highest amount of labor, both skilled and unskilled labor, to work in the formal sector. The amount of labor after the consumption taxes for USD 1 cash transfer is higher than the initial condition. Increasing the consumption taxes for the USD 2 cash transfer only decreased the amount of labor work in the formal sector, with the amount of skilled labor decreased more than the unskilled labor. In addition, increasing the consumption taxes for the USD 3 cash transfer would also decrease the amount of labor work in the formal sector, with the amount of unskilled labor decreased more than skilled labor. We also find that the elasticity of government education expenditures on skilled labor creation is roughly 0.3. This means that if the Indonesian central government would like to eliminate the informal sector by 25 percent within 20 years, or an average 1.25 percent annually, they should increase the government education expenditures to 8 percent of total annual government budget. Other findings are that the increase of skilled labor would contribute positively to Indonesian economic growth, while the consumption taxes and the fully funded pension taxes would be likely to reduce current economic growth but increase the future one. Finally, these are the theoretical contributions to public finance literature: first, given dual formal and informal labor sectors present in an economy, where the latter is dominant, taxation of expenditures is preferred to taxation of income because the first may induce labor to work in the formal sector; second, given dual formal and informal labor sectors present in an economy, where the latter is dominant, there exists an optimal rate of consumption taxes that provides incentives for the highest amount of labor, skilled and unskilled labor, to work in the formal sector.

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Widjaja, Muliadi. "Designing pension program to strengthen formal labor market in developing countries the case of Indonesia." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98873706X/04.

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Prihatiningtyastuti, Endah. "Exploring Women’s Transition into and Participation in Formal Paid Employment: Case Studies in Regional Indonesia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89689.

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This study examines women’s access to decent work in a regional Indonesian context. This study employ structuration theory and a feminist policy analysis framework. Case study analysis was undertaken that included interviews with 40 women workers and key policy stakeholders in two rural districts of Jatva. The findings indicate that women’s transitioning into formal employment and decent work is limited by structural and cultural barriers to participation.

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Brown, Robert. "Legal reform and debtor-creditor relations in Indonesia from 1945 to 1997 : uncertainty and functional equivalents in formal and informal rules." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408164.

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According to transaction cost economics, reduced transaction costs facilitate economic development. The focus of transaction costs, however, has been on the formal sector. This dissertation draws on research developed by transaction cost economics and applies it to uncertainty and to the informal sector. It concludes that economic development is positively impacted by reducing uncertainty and that this principle applies to both the formal and informal sector.

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Yuniarto, Yusuf. "The impact of government housing policy on the spatial distribution of new formal housing areas : the case of Jabotabek metropolitan fringe areas, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357066.

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Sugiarto, Bima Arya. "Beyond formal politics : party factionalism and leadership in post-authoritarian Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10081.

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This dissertation presents a study of party factionalism in post-Soeharto. It particularly focuses on the dynamics of internal conflicts in three major parties, the Golkar Party, PDI-P (the Indonesian Democratic Party for Struggle) and PAN (the National Mandate Party). The study focuses on the character, the determinants and the impact of internal factionalism on party performance and, in a broader context, on the process of democratic consolidation in Indonesia. Since much of the analysis of political parties in post-authoritarian Indonesia has focused on formal aspects, this research, by contrast concentrates on the informal aspects of political parties and broadening the analysis beyond structural issues, to the interpersonal relationships that occur outside the official roles and rules of a party. This study argues that factional turmoil within parties has been the key to understanding the stage of party's development in Indonesia. I contend that neither structural nor informal approaches alone can explain party factionalism in Indonesia. The comparison of cases taken from three parties concludes that party factionalism was caused by a mixture of factors in both formal and informal spheres of politics. It includes the party and electoral system, party patronage and leadership style. I propose the following classifications of party factions in Indonesia: the Personalised factions, and the Pseudo-Institutionalised factions. The case studies indicate that the first type of faction is more enduring than the second type. It is the informal and less ideologically driven factions which are more enduring than the more formal ones. Hence, it implies that informal political clientelism is more important as the foundation of factional movement, than ideas and formal relations. Discussing the effect of party factionalism on party performance, this study emphasizes that party factionalism is double-edged. On the one hand, party factions destabilise party organisations since they facilitate politicians in advancing their personal interest at the expense of the organisational development of the party. On the oth1r hand, party factionalism provides the adaptive function of parties that is central for political parties in dealing with changing political circumstances. This study finds that the character of factionalism in the three parties indicates two major phenomena: pragmatism drives party politicians, and the strong informal political activities outweigh formal relations. In other words, the major parties are entrenched in informal patronage networks, are elite dominated and controlled by politicians who tend to detach the public from the political process. Thus, while on its surface, political activities since changed the shape of political institutions to a more democratic outlook, the dynamics beneath the political surface continued to show undemocratic practice.

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Книги з теми "Formal Indonesian"

Wolff, John U. Formal Indonesian. 2nd ed. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program, 1986.

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Hilal, Syamsu. Gerakan da'wah formal di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustaka Tarbiatuna, 2002.

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Landasan formal hukum pajak di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Leutikaprio, 2011.

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Iragiliati, Emalia. [Ked]udukan perempuan pada wacana lisan formal [b]ahasa Indonesia untuk tujuan khusus dalam dialog antara dokter/sosiolog dengan pekerja seks komersial waita (PSKW): Analisis wacana menuju pemberdayaan perempuan : laporan penelitian kajian wanita = [Th]e position of women in formal oral discourse of Indonesian for [spe]cific purposes in dialogues between physicians/sociologists and women commercial sexual workers : discourse analysis toward women empowerment. [Malang]: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Universitas Negeri Malang, Lembaga Penelitian, 2001.

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Wuryandari, Ganewati. Format baru politik luar negeri Indonesia. Jakarta: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Pusat Penelitian Politik, 2009.

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Wuryandari, Ganewati. Format baru politik luar negeri Indonesia. Jakarta: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Pusat Penelitian Politik, 2009.

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Skoufias, Emmanuel. Growth and crisis impacts on formal sector wages in Indonesia. [Jakarta]: SMERU, 1999.

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Mashad, Dhurorudin. --andai aku jadi presiden: Menuju format Indonesia baru. Jakarta: Khalifa, 2004.

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Hasan, Noorhaidi. Islamizing formal education: Integrated Islamic school and a new trend in formal education institution in Indonesia. Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, 2009.

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Hartono, Djoko. Mengembangkan pendidikan Islam informal: Sebuah model pendidikan alternatif & kritik atas sekolah formal di Indonesia. Surabaya: IAIN Sunan Ampel Press, 2012.

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Частини книг з теми "Formal Indonesian"

Maxton-Lee, Bernice. "Formal and informal structures of Indonesian conservation." In Forest Conservation and Sustainability in Indonesia, 50–73. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: The Earthscan forest library: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367173487-3.

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Hiariej, Eric. "Stagnated Democracy: The Rise of Formal Democracy in the Wake of Oligarchy Rules and Weak Pro-Democracy Movements." In The Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia, 63–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7955-1_4.

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Fabinyi, Michael, and Kate Barclay. "Fisheries Governance." In Asia-Pacific Fishing Livelihoods, 65–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79591-7_4.

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AbstractThis chapter examines the role that governance plays in shaping fishing livelihoods. This includes formal government regulation as well as other factors that shape fishing, such as markets, buyer requirements and social norms. Institutional arrangements serve as a key component of fishing livelihoods, by prescribing the conditions under which fishing livelihoods operate. In this chapter we sketch out some of the trends in fisheries governance across parts of the Asia-Pacific, before discussing examples in Australia and Indonesia.

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Ardika, I. Wayan. "Blanjong: An Ancient Port Site in Southern Bali, Indonesia." In Form, Macht, Differenz, 251–58. Göttingen: Göttingen University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17875/gup2020-1289.

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Ford, Michele. "Violent Industrial Protest in Indonesia: Cultural Phenomenon or Legacy of an Authoritarian Past?" In New Forms and Expressions of Conflict at Work, 171–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137304483_10.

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Iskandar, Johan, and Budiawati S. Iskandar. "The Sundanese Traditional Ecological Calendar and Socio-cultural Changes: Case Study from Rancakalong of West Java, Indonesia." In Case Studies in Biocultural Diversity from Southeast Asia, 79–103. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6719-0_4.

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AbstractIn the past, the Sundanese farmers of West Java, Indonesia, managed wet-rice (sawah) farming using pranata mangsa, the traditional ecological calendar. They cultivated rice varieties that were adapted to local environmental conditions. The pranata mangsa helped in determining the appropriate time to undertake rice farming activities, including preparation of land, planting, and harvesting. All these activities were accompanied by traditional ceremonies. Various natural indicators, such as the constellations of stars, leaf fall of certain plant species, sprouting of tubers, and call of insects, were used to determine the months (mangsa) of the ecological calendar. In addition, the calendar and the embedded traditional knowledge also helped in managing rice pests, prudent utilisation of water in irrigation, and effective utilisation of the social capital of villagers, through communal activities. However, after the Green Revolution, traditional rice cultivation practices changed, leading to the neglect of the pranata mangsa. Revitalising the pranata mangsa with inputs from formal scientific knowledge would help the community practise ecologically sound and economically viable agriculture that is adapted to the local environment and culture.

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Tabar, Paul, Andrew Denison, and Maha Alkhomassy. "Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Lebanon." In IMISCOE Research Series, 183–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_10.

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AbstractAlthough Lebanese social protection schemes are heavily fragmented, the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) is the primary provider of end-of-service indemnity, health care and family benefits. However, only Lebanese who are formally employed or foreigners originating from countries which provide equal or better social protection to Lebanese citizens are eligible to enrol in the fund according to the 1963 Social Security Law. Those not enrolled must often rely on ad hoc social protection services provided by non-governmental or international organisations to obtain (limited) social services. Migrants, including Palestinians, Sri Lankans, Indonesians and Syrians are particularly vulnerable as they are ineligible to enrol in the NSSF. Also, Lebanese nationals residing abroad are ineligible to obtain benefits from the National Social Security Fund.

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"Preface." In Formal Indonesian, v. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501719493-001.

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"Preface To The Second Edition." In Formal Indonesian, vi. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501719493-002.

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"Introduction." In Formal Indonesian, ix—xii. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501719493-003.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Formal Indonesian"

Utami, Ema, Anggit Dwi Hartanto, Sumarni Adi, Rahardyan Bisma Setya Putra, and Suwanto Raharjo. "Formal and Non-Formal Indonesian Word Usage Frequency in Twitter Profile Using Non-Formal Affix Rule." In 2019 1st International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System (ICORIS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoris.2019.8874908.

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Putra, Rahardyan Bisma Setya, and Ema Utami. "Non-formal affixed word stemming in Indonesian language." In 2018 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoiact.2018.8350735.

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Hastuti, Diyah Murti, Agus Wijayanto, and Malikatul Laila. "Repair Strategies in Formal Conversations by Indonesian Efl Students." In International Conference of Learning on Advance Education (ICOLAE 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220503.115.

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Setya Putra, Rahardyan Bisma, Ema Utami, and Suwanto Raharjo. "Accuracy Measurement on Indonesian Non-formal Affixed Word Stemming With Levenhstein." In 2019 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoiact46704.2019.8938423.

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Hikmah, Nurul, and Sarti Hafsyah Siregar. "Development of Soft Skills Education in Non-Formal Education to Indonesian Society." In 3rd NFE Conference on Lifelong Learning (NFE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/nfe-16.2017.35.

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Abbas, Asriani. "Makassar Language Empowerment on the Use of Indonesian Language in Non-Formal Communication." In The 2nd International Conference of Linguistics and Culture (ICLC-2). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211225.014.

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Karyoto, Karyoto, N. Chasanah, D. Sisbiantoro, W. Setyawan, and M. Huda. "Effectiveness Legal Formal of Education Culture Heritage at Van Den Bosch Fort in Indonesian." In Proceedings of the First Brawijaya International Conference on Social and Political Sciences, BSPACE, 26-28 November, 2019, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.26-11-2019.2295169.

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Setyaningsih, Retno Wulandari, and Puji Audina Lestari. "Singlish Turns Indonesian in Crazy Rich Asians: Lost in Translation." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.6-6.

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Crazy Rich Asians (2018) is a movie telling about Singaporean wealthy families, and in particular a love story between an heir and a commoner. Taking place in Singapore and Malaysia, this Hollywood movie includes Singaporean English (Singlish) in the dialogues so as to expose Asian identity. This study purports to illustrate Singlish utilized in Crazy Rich Asian (2018), and the strategies applied in subtitling the Singlish into Indonesian. This study is descriptive in nature, and scrutinizes the movie script while comparing the Singlish found with the Indonesian subtitles. Utilizing a Microstrategies theory proposed by Cintas and Remael (2007), this study maps subtitle strategies to reveal their impact on viewers. There are 86 Singlish words and phrases identified, and the subtitle strategies found are calque, transposition, explication, loan, omission, substitution, lexical recreation and compensation. The most frequently applied subtitle strategy applied is calque, which turns Singlish specific lexical and grammatical features into a set of formal Indonesian words and phrases. As a consequence, the translator can be considered successful in providing information about the movie story for Indonesian viewers. However, the translator fails to effectively introduce Singlish words and phrases as markers of Asian identity to Indonesian viewers.

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Nurkhasanah, Nurkhasanah, Ahmad Sofyan, and Hasyim Asyrari. "Evaluating Equal Education Certification for Indonesian are Not Finish Formal Education by Using CIPP Model." In International Conference on Education in Muslim Society (ICEMS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icems-17.2018.2.

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Wibowo, Haryo Akbarianto, Tatag Aziz Prawiro, Muhammad Ihsan, Alham Fikri Aji, Radityo Eko Prasojo, Rahmad Mahendra, and Suci Fitriany. "Semi-Supervised Low-Resource Style Transfer of Indonesian Informal to Formal Language with Iterative Forward-Translation." In 2020 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp51396.2020.9310459.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Formal Indonesian"

Bano, Masooda, and Daniel Dyonisius. The Role of District-Level Political Elites in Education Planning in Indonesia: Evidence from Two Districts. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/109.

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Focus on decentralisation as a way to improve service delivery has led to significant research on the processes of education-policy adoption and implementation at the district level. Much of this research has, however, focused on understanding the working of the district education bureaucracies and the impact of increased community participation on holding teachers to account. Despite recognition of the role of political elites in prioritising investment in education, studies examining this, especially at the district-government level, are rare. This paper explores the extent and nature of engagement of political elites in setting the education-reform agenda in two districts in the state of West Java in Indonesia: Karawang (urban district) and Purwakarta (rural district). The paper shows that for a country where the state schooling system faces a serious learning crisis, the district-level political elites do show considerable levels of engagement with education issues: governments in both districts under study allocate higher percentages of the district-government budget to education than mandated by the national legislation. However, the attitude of the political elites towards meeting challenges to the provision of good-quality education appears to be opportunistic and tokenistic: policies prioritised are those that promise immediate visibility and credit-taking, help to consolidate the authority of the bupati (the top political position in the district-government hierarchy), and align with the ruling party’s political positioning or ideology. A desire to appease growing community demand for investment in education rather than a commitment to improving learning outcomes seems to guide the process. Faced with public pressure for increased access to formal employment opportunities, the political elites in the urban district have invested in providing scholarships for secondary-school students to ensure secondary school completion, even though the district-government budget is meant for primary and junior secondary schools. The bupati in the rural district, has, on the other hand, prioritised investment in moral education; such prioritisation is in line with the community's preferences, but it is also opportunistic, as increased respect for tradition also preserves reverence for the post of the bupati—a position which was part of the traditional governance system before being absorbed into the modern democratic framework. The paper thus shows that decentralisation is enabling communities to make political elites recognise that they want the state to prioritise education, but that the response of the political elites remains piecemeal, with no evidence of a serious commitment to pursuing policies aimed at improving learning outcomes. Further, the paper shows that the political culture at the district level reproduces the problems associated with Indonesian democracy at the national level: the need for cross-party alliances to hold political office, and resulting pressure to share the spoils. Thus, based on the evidence from the two districts studied for this paper, we find that given the competitive and clientelist nature of political settlements in Indonesia, even the district level political elite do not seem pressured to prioritise policies aimed at improving learning outcomes.

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Sumpter, Cameron. Lab-in-Field Experiments for the Reintegration of Violent Extremists: The Promise of Prosocial Evaluation. RESOLVE Network, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rve2021.3.

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When an inmate leaves prison following a sentence for terrorism offenses, their reintegration will depend on whether they can function as a relatively social member of their community. Obstacles such as stigmatization exist for all former convicts, but among steadfast extremists these barriers will be mutual, if they continue to perceive the ingroup-outgroup dichotomy that fed their extremism in the first place. A simple but effective means for determining the likelihood that returning prisoners will act prosocially towards the ‘other’ could be the use of so-called lab-in-field games, which provide small incentives to learn how individuals behave in a given situation, rather than just eliciting their sentiment. This chapter outlines the potential for such an approach. It draws on field research conducted in Indonesia in 2018, which involved interviews with 28 former convicted terrorists, regarding their practical experiences with reintegration and interactions in the community.

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Levy, Brian. How Political Contexts Influence Education Systems: Patterns, Constraints, Entry Points. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2022/pe04.

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This paper synthesises the findings of a set of country studies commissioned by the RISE Programme to explore the influence of politics and power on education sector policymaking and implementation. The synthesis groups the countries into three political-institutional contexts: Dominant contexts, where power is centred around a political leader and a hierarchical governance structure. As the Vietnam case details, top-down leadership potentially can provide a robust platform for improving learning outcomes. However, as the case studies of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Tanzania illustrate, all-too-often dominant leaders’ goals vis-à-vis the education sector can veer in other directions. In impersonal competitive contexts, a combination of strong formal institutions and effective processes of resolving disagreements can, on occasion, result in a shared commitment among powerful interests to improve learning outcomes—but in none of the case studies is this outcome evident. In Peru, substantial learning gains have been achieved despite messy top-level politics. But the Chilean, Indian, and South African case studies suggest that the all-too-common result of rule-boundedness plus unresolved political contestation over the education sector’s goals is some combination of exaggerated rule compliance and/or performative isomorphic mimicry. Personalised competitive contexts (Bangladesh, Ghana, and Kenya for example) lack the seeming strengths of either their dominant or their impersonal competitive contexts; there are multiple politically-influential groups and multiple, competing goals—but no credible framework of rules to bring coherence either to political competition or to the education bureaucracy. The case studies show that political and institutional constraints can render ineffective many specialised sectoral interventions intended to improve learning outcomes. But they also point to the possibility that ‘soft governance’ entry points might open up some context-aligned opportunities for improving learning outcomes. In dominant contexts, the focus might usefully be on trying to influence the goals and strategies of top-level leadership. In impersonal competitive contexts, it might be on strengthening alliances between mission-oriented public officials and other developmentally-oriented stakeholders. In personalised competitive contexts, gains are more likely to come from the bottom-up—via a combination of local-level initiatives plus a broader effort to inculcate a shared sense among a country’s citizenry of ‘all for education’.

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Country profile of women's health and development in Indonesia. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1048.

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The “Country Profile of Women’s Health and Development in Indonesia” contains a thorough review of the following: Geographical, Political, Socio-Demographic, and Economic Profile of Indonesia; Status of Women; and Women’s Health Status. In view of the complexity of the problems facing women, the document concludes that Indonesia needs a plan for the future with a gender perspective that prioritizes increased life expectancy, legal protection, and empowerment for women. To reach this goal, Indonesia started by ratifying the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and set it into law in 1984. This convention, together with the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) that was ratified in 1990, directly addresses various issues facing women, children, and families.

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De la oscuridad al cielo azul, a un futuro optimista: Escuchamos las palabras de Pueblos Indígenas, comunidades locales y Pueblos Afrodescendientessobre su viaje hacia un futuro mejor. Rights and Resources Initiative, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/nnsn9919.

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En el transcurso de 2022, entrevistamos a cien líderes de redes de base popular de veintidós países*—hombres, mujeres y jóvenes de Pueblos Indígenas, comunidades locales y Pueblos Afrodescendientes— para que hablaran de sus esperanzas, sueños y temores hacia el futuro. Las entrevistas se realizaron por encargo de la Iniciativa para los Derechos y Recursos, de forma anónima, y de acuerdo con el enfoque de “pensamiento Blue Sky”, con el cual se crea un espacio no estructurado para generar y aportar ideas. Invitamos a las personas participantes a abrir su mente e ir más allá de las preocupaciones cotidianas. Según el caso, hablamos en bahasa indonesia, inglés, francés, nepalí, portugués y español, a veces con interpretación a lenguas Indígenas. Buscamos tener claro qué mundo quieren ver esos líderes en 2030 e incluso más adelante, cómo se podría crear un mundo así y qué les preocupa del recorrido para lograrlo.

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The impact of monetary crisis and natural disasters on women's health and nutrition. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1998.1003.

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This paper analyzes the short-term effects of the monetary crisis and natural disasters in Indonesia on women's health and nutritional status, and activities to monitor and address these problems. The monetary crisis which was announced in January 1998 hit the highest monthly inflation rate of 13 percent in February. Natural disasters that have plagued Indonesia since early 1997, including droughts and forest fires, have been projected to cause famines and an increased likelihood of infant and adult mortality. The economic crisis also directly impacts millions of workforce members threatened by the downsizing of thousands of businesses and factories, in the form of job termination. About 38 percent of the workforce are women. In general, it can be predicted that the high rate of unemployment means a return to poverty, emergence of pockets of slum settlements in cities, an increase in the crime rate, less affordable food in urban areas, famine and scarcity in rural areas, worsening environmental health, epidemics of infectious and noninfectious diseases, cutbacks in public health-care budget and facilities, more school dropout, teenagers entering prostitution, domestic violence, drug abuse, mental illness, and suicide attempts.

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Implant users: Over five years after insertion (Further analysis of previous study data). Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1020.

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This secondary analysis report presents the characteristics of a subgroup of 235 women who are overdue in getting Norplant® implants removed after five years, factors related to the risk of nonremoval after five years, and issues related to accessing information about removal of implants. The main source of data for the present study is the “Norplant Implants® Assessment Study: Insertion, Use, and Removal” carried out in Indonesia in April 1996. This study consisted of a representative sample of 2,979 current and former Norplant users who had an insertion from April 1, 1987, to March 31, 1991, five or more years prior to 1996. The selected sample represented 14 provinces, 50 districts, 150 subdistricts, and 300 villages using stratified, multistage probability proportional to size. The secondary analysis used simple cross tabulations of characteristics and the current use status to study the characteristics of the sample women. The relative risk ratio values were calculated to understand factors related to the risk of not getting implants removed after five years.

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