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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Forest management"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Forest management"

1

S Iftekhar, M. "From timber management to forest management: an initial discussion on forest management evolution." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 9 (January 10, 2012): 412–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4576-jfs.

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Анотація:

Forests have been subject to human intervention since the inception of human civilization. With enhanced knowledge, understanding and capacity humans exert an increasing pressure and influence on forests. Forests in general have undergone different ownership patterns. The requirements for forests have changed over time. The objectives of forest management are shifting from timber production to biodiversity conservation and nature protection. On the other hand, in many places the forests are dwindling due to the anthropic pressure. The management paradigms are changing in response to these triggering mechanisms. In this paper an attempt has been made to summarize the evolution of forest management practices and discuss some recent trends in forest management.

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2

Thompson, Ian D., James A. Baker, Susan J. Hannon, Robert S. Rempel, and Kandyd J. Szuba. "Forest birds and forest management in Ontario: Status, management, and policy." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85245-2.

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This paper presents a summary of presentations and discussions at a 3-day workshop on research and management of forest birds in Ontario forests. While many forest birds in Ontario do not appear to be negatively affected over the long term by forest management, some species were noted as declining using Breeding Bird Atlas data and more research is required to understand the causes, some of which may well be related to habitat change on the wintering grounds. For example, the aerial foragers as a group have declined significantly during the past 20 years. Recent research suggests landscape convergence between managed and fire-origin stands for bird species over time, but negative effects were suggested for boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonsicus), brown creeper (Certhia familiaris), and some cavity-users, although there is no evidence of declines in these species from the current atlas data. This inconsistency needs to be evaluated. In Carolinian forests, even small-scale tree harvesting in this already highly fragmented landscape can have deleterious effects on breeding success for some species, such as wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) and rose-breasted grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus). New modelling techniques and meta-analyses seem to hold considerable promise as tools to help managers understand key habitats, species that require special attention, and as predictive models of forest management effects. A large number of recommendations to improve the management of forest birds are provided and as is a suggested research agenda to improve our understanding of key factors affecting birds in managed forests. Key words: forest birds, forest management, boreal forest, Great Lakes–St. Lawrence forest, Carolinian forest, indicators, modelling, cavity nester, spruce budworm, forest policy, Ontario

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3

Tavankar, F., R. Picchio, A. Lo Monaco, and A. E. Bonyad. " Forest management and snag characteristics in Northern Iran lowland forests." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 10 (October 22, 2014): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2014-jfs.

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Some snag characteristics were studied in three different Hyrcanian lowland forests. The highest snag density (38.4 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>) was found in fully protected forests, and it was significantly higher than in selectively logged (23.7 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>) and open access forests (8.8 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>). The snag volume, diameter and height were also significantly higher in the fully protected forests. The number of snag species was recorded in fully protected (9), selectively logged (5) and open access forests (4). The snags were more evenly distributed among diameter, height and decay classes in the fully protected forest. The larger diameter snags (> 90 cm) and snags higher than 15 m in height were not found in the open access forest. The snags of decay class 5 had a density of 6.8 stem·ha<sup>–1 </sup>in the fully protected forest, while they had a low density (1.5 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>) in the selectively logged forest and they were not found in the open access forest. Target values of snags for managed lowland forests in Iran were defined in relation to management influences.    

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4

Abayeva, K. T., A. K. Beisekeeva, Zh B. Kassanova, and D. A. Dosmаnbetov. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF FORESTRY AND STATE FOREST MANAGEMENT." Bulletin of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University 63 (2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52081/bkaku.2022.v63.i4.127.

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Анотація:

This article, deals the momentum of the country's forest reserve area, the distribution of forest reserve lands, the dynamics of forest reserve lands by regions and the percentage share of forestry institutions by territory. The current period of economic development is characterized by the escalation of the environmental crisis, the creation of new post-industrial civilization bases, the concept of sustainable development, the change of socio-economic relations in the direction of the creation of various property forms and their implementation, and the strengthening of integration processes. International agreements have declared the need for the world community to move towards sustainable development. The purpose of the sustainable development strategy is to effectively solve the social and economic tasks of the current and future generations, as well as the preservation of natural resource potential. Forest is an important strategic resource of Kazakhstan. It plays a big role in human life. As the main component of the regulation of the natural environment and its processes, the forest ensures the vital activity of humanity, and it also occupies a special place in the socio-economic development of society. Observance of the principle of continuous use of forests in a non-depleting manner by all participants in forest relations is considered the basis for preserving and increasing the ecological and resource potential of forests. Also, reproduction of renewable forest resources is the use of resources in such a way as to maintain the stability of the forest as an ecological system

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5

Vacek, S., and V. Balcar. "Sustainable management of mountain forests in the Czech Republic." Journal of Forest Science 50, No. 11 (January 11, 2012): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4651-jfs.

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Анотація:

Forest management in the Czech Republic (CR) was not shaped in the environment of natural forests but in the territory that was influenced by unregulated felling and animal grazing for a long time. Hence the fear for sustainable and balanced benefits from forests endangered by long-term uncontrolled exploitation was legitimate. Almost after three centuries of application of the sustainability principle, forests are considered not only as a source of renewable wood raw material but also as a tool of the environment formation. Mountain forests are an important landscape component of this country. They are an object of specific importance from the aspect of natural environment conservation, stabilization of natural processes and general landscape homeostasis. In addition, they fulfil a number of production and non-production functions. Cardinal elements of sustainable forest management in the CR conditions are as follows: management of the forest as an ecosystem, i.e. transition from exclusive care of forest tree species and their stands to care of the whole forest ecosystems; restructuring (conversion, reconstruction) of damaged and declining forests; optimum (species, genetic, spatial, age) structure of forest ecosystems differentiated according to site conditions and management targets; differentiated transition from general management to group or individual methods; utilization and support of spontaneous processes such as natural regeneration, competition and other principles of self-regulation. The above cardinal elements of sustainable forest management are applicable to forests of the CR in general, but their importance considerably increases in mountain forests where many species survive on the margin of subsistence. Moreover, mountain forests of CR have been heavily destroyed by anthropogenic factors, especially air-pollution ecological stresses, during the last three or four decades.

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6

DORJI, LAM, EDWARD L. WEBB, and GANESH P. SHIVAKOTI. "Forest property rights under nationalized forest management in Bhutan." Environmental Conservation 33, no. 2 (June 2006): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906002979.

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Forest nationalization policies in Asia have often resulted in decreased local property rights over forests and users' short-term exploitative behaviour, leading to degradation of forests. Bhutan's centralized forest management structure was initiated with the Forest Act of 1969. This paper evaluates how nationalization of forests in Bhutan changed forest property rights and associated incentives and disincentives and management outcomes for leaf-litter forests (sokshing) and non-sokshing forests. Using the International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IRFI) research protocols, 12 sites across Bhutan's broadleaf zones were surveyed. Changes in forest property rights were analysed using Ostrom and Schlager's ‘bundles of rights’ framework. The forest nationalization policy changed the array of de jure rights that local people had over both traditionally community-used forests (the majority of forests) and small blocks of sokshings that were usually owned by a household and managed to produce valuable leaf litter for their agriculture livelihoods. There was more compliance with regulations in sokshing than in non-sokshing forests. Non-compliance of local people with forest conservation occurred in areas where the chance of being caught for rule breaking was perceived to be low or the costs of compliance were high. This was almost exclusively the case in non-sokshing forest in the form of widespread but low-intensity illegal tree cutting. The continuing significance of sokshing for agricultural livelihoods serves as a strong incentive for conservation of sokshings by rural people, even though the sokshings are under ultimate state control. The successful management of forests requires minimal difference between de jure policies and de facto practices for which rules that allocate property rights and the way those rules are enforced are important elements. Conservation and management rights of non-sokshing for communities would not only promote local stewardship, but also put the limited capacity of the Department of Forest to best use. Increased deforestation around villages may result, because modern development alternatives may make leaf litter insignificant for agriculture.

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7

Saigal, Sushil. "Improving forest governance: Experience of Joint Forest Management in India." Social Change 33, no. 2-3 (June 2003): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570303300303.

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Анотація:

There is an increasing interest in community-based forest management as a potential approach for improving forest governance. India is among the few countries in the world where such an approach-called Joint Forest Management (JFM)-has not only been successfully introduced but also achieved large-scale implementation, covering 18% of all state forests. Forests cover 23% of India's geographical area and almost all are under state ownership. However, over half the forests are in a degraded condition. Forests also provide livelihood support to a large proportion of the population, especially the poor. Around 147 million people live in and around forests. But until the 1980s, the focus was on commercial forestry and people were excluded from forest management. This led to forest degradation on the one hand, and conflicts between the Forest Department and local communities on the other. A new policy in 1988 stressed forest management for ecosystem services and meeting local communities’ needs. Under this policy, Joint Forest Management promoted agreements between the Forest Department and village communities to jointly protect and manage adjacent forest land and to share responsibilities and benefits. JFM has had several positive impacts on forest governance in the form of improved forest condition, increased income and livelihood opportunities for participating communities and, most importantly, a dramatic change in the attitude of communities and the Forest Department towards each other and toward forests. Although challenges still remain, if implemented in its true spirit, JFM can be a viable long-term strategy for contributing towards the goals of sustainable livelihoods and forest management.

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8

Medarevic, Milan, Biljana Sljukic, and Snezana Obradovic. "Sustainable forest management planning in Serbia." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, suppl. (2014): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf14s1009m.

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Анотація:

The forest cover of Serbia occupies around 29% of its territory, which puts it among fairly well wooded countries in Europe. The forests of Serbia are characterized by both state and private forests, medium preservation status, i.e. 27% of area that is covered by insufficiently stocked stands. Coppice forests cover about 50% of the area, and private forests are additionally burdened by fragmented plots. Forest management planning in Serbia is older than 200 years (The Plan of Deliblato Sands Afforestation 1806). There are two basic assumptions that define forest management planning: sustainability and multifunctionality. Today, forest management planning in Serbia is regulated by the Law on forests and it has the characteristics of a system. The planning also has the characteristics of an integral, integrated and adaptive system. The latter is particularly important in terms of pronounced climatic changes. For the forests in protected objects of nature, there are also other types of plans that complement sector plans in forestry (e.g. management plans in protected areas).

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9

Chursin, A. I., E. A. Nartova, N. A. Krukova, and A. A. Melentyev. "Forest management assessment of as forest use rational type." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 4 (February 1, 2022): 042091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/4/042091.

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Abstract The article touches upon the problem of Kuznetsk districtforest management, forestry structure analysis, as well as assessment of the region climatic factors. In conclusion, measures to improve forest management efficiency are proposed. Forests located on the territory of Penza region are of great importance for the economy, being one of the main natural resources. In order to preserve and increase forest resources felled, dead, damaged forests are subject to reproduction, that is, annual reforestation is necessary. Timely reproduction of forests with commercially valuable forest species is one of the most important measures that ensures rational and sustainable forest use, improves the growth and development of plantations, as well as the composition and productivity of future forests. In accordance with Penza region Strategy for the long term (until 2021), approved by Penza region Law (as amended), the following are identified as priority areas for forestry complex development: - ensuring the reproduction (restoration) of forest resources; - ensuring a stable state of ecosystems and specially protected natural areas, improving the breed reduction of illegal logging and forest crime; - creation of capacities for deep processing of wood, increasing wood production profitability; - Carrying out sanitary and health-improving and fire-prevention measures.

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10

Жидкова, Е. В., П. Т. Воронков, and В. А. Корякин. "State Forest Management in Poland." Лесохозяйственная информация, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24419/lhi.2304-3083.2020.4.12.

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Анотація:

Рассматривается государственное управление лесами в Польше. Проанализирована динамика состояния лесных ресурсов страны, объёмов их заготовки и цен на древесную продукцию. Особое внимание уделено структуре и функциям органов управления государственными лесами Польши и их сотрудничеству с частными владельцами лесов. Результаты управления лесами определяются состоянием лесных ресурсов, динамикой их изменения, объёмами заготовки древесины с учётом цен на неё и специализацией Польши на выпуске конечной продукции из древесины. The purpose of this article is to study the experience, results and the very model of managing Polish forests. Since the Polish and Russian forests are in similar conditions and have a similar level of forestry development, the successful experience of one country can be adopted by another country. The most significant condition bringing our countries together is the predominance of state ownership of forests. The article discusses the Polish model of forest management, including the structure of state forest management bodies and their functions. The article also traces the understanding by the Polish leadership of the mission and the role of forests in the development of society. Improving the management of the forest sector should cover all stages from forest cultivation, harvesting and processing to obtaining finished products of deep processing. Therefore, the results of applying the Polish forest management model are determined in the article by the state of forest resources, the dynamics of their change, the volume of timber harvested taking into account its prices and Poland’s specialization in the production of final wood products. To identify successes in forest management, we studied the dynamics of changes in the state of Poland’s forest resources, their harvesting volumes and prices for wood products. Particular attention is paid to the cooperation of state forest management bodies with private forest owners. Thanks to the creation of the state forest holding, Poland managed to establish an effective forest management system. Having financial independence from the state budget, the holding is working successfully, implementing sustainable forestry and making a profit. The statistics considered in this article demonstrate the positive dynamics of the formation of forest resources in Poland, a steady increase in timber harvesting and processing, as well as the achievement of high rates of specialization in deep wood processing products on the world market. This is evidenced by a significant increase in the role of Poland in the global production and export of furniture.

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Дисертації з теми "Forest management"

1

Holmgren, Eva. "Forest commons in boreal Sweden : influences on forest condition, management and the local economy /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management and Geomatics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10124692.pdf.

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2

Öhman, Karin. "Forest planning with consideration to spatial relationships /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6082-4.fulltext.pdf.

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3

Ingwersen, Sarah. "Biodiversity and forest management, five forest management plans evaluated." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60848.pdf.

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4

Mohammadi-Aragh, Mahnas Jean. "Visualization of Computer-Modeled Forests for Forest Management." MSSTATE, 2004. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10262004-162903/.

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Forest management is a costly and time-consuming activity. Remote sensing has the potential to improve the process by making it cheaper and more efficient, but only if appropriate characteristics can be determined from computer-models. This thesis describes the implementation of a forest visualization system and a corresponding user study that tests the accuracy of parameter estimation and forest characterization. The study uses data obtained from field-surveys to generate a computer-modeled forest. Five different stands were tested. Based on the quantitative results obtained, generally, there is no statistically significant difference in parameter estimation when comparing field-recorded movies and computer-generated movies.

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5

Mansell, Jeremy. "Draft forest management plan for Cashmere Forest, Port Hills, Canterbury." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20070420.100644.

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6

Hoffman, Deborah L. "Community-based sustainable forest management a case study of Rutland Township, Ohio /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1137583291.

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7

Andersson, Mikael. "Spatial allocation of forest production : aspects on multiple-use forestry in Sweden /." Alnarp : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000166/.

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Анотація:

Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002.
Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix includes four papers and manuscripts co-written with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.

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8

Jackson, Noah Voorhees. "Knowledge and use of native trees by local forest users implications for a Philippine protected area /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03022008-104527/.

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9

Axelsson, Robert. "Forest policy, continuous tree cover forest and uneven-aged forest management in Sweden's boreal forest /." Uppsala : Institutionen för skogens produkter, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/10947312.pdf.

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10

Wolter, Faren R. "Assessing the capacity for collaborative ecosystem stewardship on private forestland in the Missouri Ozarks." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4865.

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Анотація:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 15, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Книги з теми "Forest management"

1

Grossberg, Steven P. Forest management. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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2

Victoria. Dept. of Conservation and Environment., ed. Forest management plan for the Otway Forest Management Area. East Melbourne: Dept. of Conservation and Environment, 1992.

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3

A, Monserud Robert, Haynes Richard W, and Johnson Adelaide C, eds. Compatible forest management. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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4

Ferguson, I. S. Sustainable forest management. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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5

McDougall, F. W. Forest management in Alberta. [Edmonton]: Alberta Energy and Natural Resources, 1986.

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6

McAskill, J. Dan. Forest management plan: Central district. Charlottetown: Prince Edward Island. Department of Energy and Forestry, 1987.

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7

United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Division of Forestry, ed. Indian forest management. Washington, DC: Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Trust & Economic Development, Division of Forestry, 1987.

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8

Leuschner, William A. Introduction to forest resource management. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Co., 1992.

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9

Lougheed, William Hugh. Spatial analysis in timber management planning. Ontario: Forest Resource Development Agreement, 1988.

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10

Gadow, Klaus von. Forest management. Hatfield, Pretoria: Academica, 1992.

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Частини книг з теми "Forest management"

1

Dohrenbusch, Achim. "Forest Management." In Ecological Studies, 419–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59531-8_8.

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2

Knoke, Thomas. "Forest Management." In Tropical Forestry Handbook, 1–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41554-8_139-1.

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3

Knoke, Thomas. "Forest Management." In Tropical Forestry Handbook, 1763–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_139.

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4

Meyer, Peter, and Christian Ammer. "Forest Management." In Landscape Series, 315–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98756-5_14.

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5

Rietbergen, Simon. "Forest Management." In The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests Africa, 62–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12961-4_8.

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6

Berryman, Alan A. "Pest Management Decisions." In Forest Insects, 193–207. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5080-4_10.

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7

Oliver, Chadwick Dearing, Kristofer Covey, Aaron Hohl, David Larsen, James B. McCarter, Andrew Niccolai, and Jeremy Wilson. "Landscape Management." In Forest Landscape Restoration, 39–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5326-6_3.

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8

McCaw, W. L., and N. D. Burrows. "Fire management." In The Jarrah Forest, 317–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3111-4_17.

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9

Bonner, Franklin T. "Seed Management." In Forest Regeneration Manual, 51–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3800-0_4.

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10

Robinson, Andrew P., and Jeff D. Hamann. "Forest Data Management." In Forest Analytics with R, 19–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7762-5_2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Forest management"

1

Akimova, Irina, and Yu A. Litvinova. "FOREST MANAGEMENT." In Наука преображает реальность. Воронеж: Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58168/str2023_82-86.

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Bonazountas, M., D. Kallidromitou, and A. Astyakopoulos. "ArcFIRE−/ArcFUEL−: Forest Fire Management Geoplatform and fuel maps." In FOREST FIRES 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva120061.

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Miller, C., M. A. Parisien, A. A. Ager, and M. A. Finney. "Evaluating spatially-explicit burn probabilities for strategic fire management planning." In FOREST FIRES 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva080251.

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4

Moya, D., J. De las Heras, F. R. López-Serrano, and V. Leone. "A post-fire management model to improve Aleppo pine forest resilience." In FOREST FIRES 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva080311.

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5

Pasalodos-Tato, M., and T. Pukkala. "Assessing fire risk in stand-level management in Galicia (north-western Spain)." In FOREST FIRES 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva080101.

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6

Guerin, S., and F. Carrera. "Sand on fire: an interactive tangible 3D platform for the modeling and management of wildfires." In FOREST FIRES 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva100061.

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7

Zhou, Ziqi, Zongpei You, and Guiling Deng. "Forest management decision model." In Second International Conference on Statistics, Applied Mathematics, and Computing Science (CSAMCS 2022), edited by Shi Jin and Wanyang Dai. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2671810.

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8

Oita, Marilena, and Pierre Senellart. "FOREST." In SIGMOD/PODS'15: International Conference on Management of Data. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2767109.2767112.

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9

Pacheco, A. P., J. Claro, and T. Oliveira. "Rekindle dynamics: validating the pressure on wildland fire suppression resources and implications for fire management in Portugal." In FOREST FIRES 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva120191.

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Bončina, Andrej, and Tina Simončič. "Changes of forests and forest management in a changing world." In Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-ab-cha.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Forest management"

1

Quak, Evert-jan. Missing the Forest for the Trees: Ekiti State’s Quest for Forestry Revenue and its Impact on Forest Management. Institute of Development Studies, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.078.

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Анотація:

Effective forest management is required to reduce deforestation, protect local communities, tackle climate change, and restore biodiversity. Like other countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Nigerian federal and decentralised governments have to find a balance between managing their forests sustainably, and other demands for the trees and land. Local actors use the forest for economic activities, such as harvesting trees for charcoal or timber, and others want to expand agricultural land. No single policy solution can guarantee to sustainably manage forests and halt deforestation. Land use regulations, stronger control of forestry industry practices, more public investment in forest management, and better tax and subsidy policies, must all play a role. This paper assesses the current forestry tax regime in Ekiti State, one of eight Nigerian states where forests represent more than 50 per cent of land area, and where forest revenue has been historically relevant. Based on 16 interviews with government state officials, forest officers, and actors from the industry, and data from the Ekiti Forestry Commission, our analysis suggests that ongoing depletion of forest resources is partially connected to an excessive focus on their capacity to generate revenue. The conceptualisation of the Forestry Commission as a revenue-raising rather than management agency, a continuous drive to extract revenue from the sector through outdated tax rates, and a view of industry potential disconnected from the existing stock, all perversely led to a lower contribution from forestry to the state budget.

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Occhiali, Giovanni, and Michael Falade. Missing the Forest for the Trees: Ekiti State’s Quest for Forestry Revenue and its Impact on Forest Management. Institute of Development Studies, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.039.

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Forests are important socio-economic assets in many low-income countries. However, they are often over-exploited as governments do not sufficiently valorise them, including by taxing them inefficiently. This is the case across Nigeria, where forest management and taxation has been effectively decentralised from the federal government to individual states. In this paper we assess the current forestry tax regime in Ekiti State, one of the eight Nigerian states where forests represent more than 50 per cent of land area, and where forest revenue has been historically relevant. Based on 16 interviews with government state officials, forest officers and actors from the industry, as well as data from the Forestry Commission, our analysis suggests that the ongoing depletion of forest resources in the state seems to be partially connected to an excessive focus on their capacity to generate revenue. The conceptualisation of the Ekiti State Forestry Commission as a revenue-raising agency rather than a management one, a continuous drive to extract revenue from the sector through outdated tax rates, and a view of the industry potential disconnected from the existing stock, all perversely led to a lower contribution from forestry to the state budget. While there is potential to reform both the structure of forestry taxes and their method of administration, evidence from our interviews suggests that priority should be given to enforcing a ban on forest exploitation for a period that is long enough to allow for its regrowth, at least in government reserves. This will require substantial sensitisation and engagement with actors in the sector, as well as increasing the monitoring capacity of the Forestry Commission. The Forestry Commission does not currently have enough staff to guarantee the enforcement of existing legislation, let alone a ban on all forest activities.

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Hansen, Leslie A. Integrated Forest Management Charter. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1212637.

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Nascimento, José Rente. Forest Investment Attractiveness Index: Usefulness for Sector Management. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006881.

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This presentation discusses how the Forest Investment Attractiveness Index (IAIF) and the Process to Improve the Business Climate for Forest Investment (PROMECIF) can be useful to improve forest sector governance. The general objective of the IAIF is to measure the business climate for investments in the sustainable forest business. The IAIF allows the systematic, periodic, quantitative and more rigorous analyses of the factors that affect the success of forest direct investment and business decision making. This presentation was created for a side event to the 24th Session of the Latin American and Caribbean Forestry Commission that took place on June 26th, 2006, in Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic.

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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.

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Sist, Plinio, Marielos Peña-Claros, Juan Pablo Baldiviezo Calles, Géraldine Derroire, Milton Kanashiro, Karen Mendoza Ortega, Camille Piponiot, et al. Forest management for timber production and forest landscape restoration in the Amazon: The way towards sustainability. Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55161/wxnq3205.

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Current guidelines for legal timber harvests are not sustainable. Timber yields can be substantially enhanced by the application of cost-effective silvicultural treatments that increase stocking and growth of timber trees. Growing interest in tropical forest restoration offers opportunities to promote the management of secondary and degraded forests for timber, and mixed plantations with native species. Timber yields from these restored areas would reduce pressure on natural forests – allowing larger areas to be set aside for protection and reducing harvesting intensity in natural forests.

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McLain, Rebecca J., and Eric T. Jones. Nontimber forest products management on national forests in the United States. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-655.

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Niemi, Ernie, and Ed Whitelaw. Assessing economic tradeoffs in forest management. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-403.

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Hardner, Jared J., and Richard Rice. Rethinking Forest Resource Use Contracts in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011167.

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Анотація:

This study challenges the current design of forest resource use contracts in Latin America. Radical rethinking of forest resource contracts is imperative, due to the constraints that now face the successful achievement of forest policy objectives of economic development and conservation of forest resources. The constraints identified in this study include: 1) financial incentives that favor selective logging rather than management in tropical forests; 2) lack of a technical basis for silviculture in neo-tropical forests; 3) governments that lack the administrative capacity and political will to impose management; 4) cultural and social norms that fail to recognize local users of forest resources. This study is intended to serve as a turning point in forest concession policy and provide useful guidelines for policy analysts, non-governmental organizations, and multilateral lending institutions interested in facilitating this process. A comprehensive rethinking of forest resource contracts will greatly benefit all those relying on the economic development and conservation of forests in Latin America.

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Wadsworth, F. H. Montane Forest Management in the Insular Caribbean. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/iitf-gtr-8.

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