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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "FONT CHOICE"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 листопада 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "FONT CHOICE"

Wallace, Shaun, Zoya Bylinskii, Jonathan Dobres, Bernard Kerr, Sam Berlow, Rick Treitman, Nirmal Kumawat, et al. "Towards Individuated Reading Experiences: Different Fonts Increase Reading Speed for Different Individuals." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 29, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3502222.

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In our age of ubiquitous digital displays, adults often read in short, opportunistic interludes. In this context of Interlude Reading , we consider if manipulating font choice can improve adult readers’ reading outcomes. Our studies normalize font size by human perception and use hundreds of crowdsourced participants to provide a foundation for understanding, which fonts people prefer and which fonts make them more effective readers. Participants’ reading speeds (measured in words-per-minute (WPM)) increased by 35% when comparing fastest and slowest fonts without affecting reading comprehension. High WPM variability across fonts suggests that one font does not fit all. We provide font recommendations related to higher reading speed and discuss the need for individuation, allowing digital devices to match their readers’ needs in the moment. We provide recommendations from one of the most significant online reading efforts to date. To complement this, we release our materials and tools with this article.

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Doyle, John R., and Paul A. Bottomley. "Font appropriateness and brand choice." Journal of Business Research 57, no. 8 (August 2004): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(02)00487-3.

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Vanunu, Yonatan, Jared M. Hotaling, Mike E. Le Pelley, and Ben R. Newell. "How top-down and bottom-up attention modulate risky choice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 39 (September 24, 2021): e2025646118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025646118.

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We examine how bottom-up (or stimulus-driven) and top-down (or goal-driven) processes govern the distribution of attention in risky choice. In three experiments, participants chose between a certain payoff and the chance of receiving a payoff drawn randomly from an array of eight numbers. We tested the hypothesis that initial attention is driven by perceptual properties of the stimulus (e.g., font size of the numbers), but subsequent choice is goal-driven (e.g., win the best outcome). Two experiments in which task framing (goal driven) and font size (stimulus driven) were manipulated demonstrated that payoffs with the highest values and the largest font sizes had the greatest impact on choice. The third experiment added a number in large font to the array, which could not be an outcome of the gamble (i.e., a distractor). Eye movement and choice data indicated that although the distractor attracted attention, it had no influence on option selection. Together with computational modeling analyses, the results suggest that perceptual salience can induce bottom-up effects of overt selection but that the perceived value of information is the crucial arbiter of intentional control over risky choice.

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Hu, Hai Ming, Hui Li, and De Bao Yin. "Automatic Generation of the Word in Tire Mold Side Plate Based on Font Vectorization." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.559.

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This paper introduces vectorization technology fromTrueType font for the text on the sidewall plate of the tire mold. TrueTypefont processing technology is the extraction of Windows functions and datatypes of the font outline. Call the API function to process the text in orderto achieve the CNC Machining of the text. It completes the tire mold word-processingsoftware on this basis. The software enables a variety of functions includingtext layout, font zoom, font spacing adjustment, font choice. It also providesa rapid tool for the quickly arranged and CNC machining of the text on thesidewall plate of the tire mold.

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Xaba, Bongiwe G., and Micah B. Masuku. "Factors Affecting the Choice of Marketing Channel by Vegetable Farmers in Swaziland." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2012): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n1p112.

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Vegetables as a group of horticultural crops are important for their contribution as an income support to a large proportion of the rural households. However, enhancing vegetable farmers to reach markets and actively engage in the markets is a key challenge influencing vegetable production in Swaziland. The perishable nature of vegetables necessitates effective marketing channels. The aim of this paper was to investigate factors affecting farmers’ choice of marketing channels using survey data gathered during the 2011 production season. Data were collected from 100 randomly selected vegetable farmers. Descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used. The results indicated that age of the farmer, quantity of baby corn produced and level of education were significant predictors of the choice to sell vegetables to NAMBoard market channel instead of selling to other-wholesale market channel. The age of the farmer, distance from production area to market, membership in farmer organization and marketing agreement were significant determinants of the choice to use non-wholesale market channel over other-wholesale market channel. It is therefore important to promote collective action as an institutional vehicle for linking farmers to agribusiness supply chains. Farmers should establish networks since they aid in sharing knowledge, farmers can improve produce grades as required by market.

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Novemsky, Nathan, Ravi Dhar, Norbert Schwarz, and Itamar Simonson. "Preference Fluency in Choice." Journal of Marketing Research 44, no. 3 (August 2007): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.44.3.347.

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The authors propose that consumer choices are often systematically influenced by preference fluency (i.e., the subjective feeling that forming a preference for a specific option is easy or difficult). Four studies manipulate the fluency of preference formation by presenting descriptions in an easy- or difficult-to-read font (Study 1) or by asking participants to think of few versus many reasons for their choice (Studies 2–4). As the authors predict, subjective experiences of difficulty increase choice deferral (Studies 1 and 2) and the selection of a compromise option (Studies 3 and 4), unless consumers are induced to attribute the experience to an unrelated cause. Unlike studies of decision conflict, these effects are obtained without changing the attributes of the alternatives, the composition of the choice sets, or the reference points. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the results.

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Peng, Wu, and Zhao Rui. "A Pragma-Dialectical Approach to Trade Friction Discourse: A Case Study of a Public Letter in Sino-US Trade Friction on Tire Special Safeguard." Sinología hispánica 3, no. 2 (December 13, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v3i2.5258.

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Based on the analytical framework ofStrategic Maneuvering, this paper analyzes andevaluates the public letter from China Chamberof Commerce of Metals, Minerals & ChemicalsImporters & Exporters (CCCMC) and China RubberIndustry Association (CRIA) to Obama andUnited States Trade Representative (USTR) onJuly 27th, 2009 to reveal the discursivestrategies and their corresponding linguisticrealizations manipulated in tire special safeguardcase. The research results show that, strategicmaneuvering in CCCMC & CRIA’s public lettersis integratedly realized through choice of topicalpotential, catering for audience demands andchoice of presentational devices, which issupported by such argumentative strategies aspresupposition, contrast, appeal to audience'svalues, appeal to authority, vagueness,repetition, statistics, appeal to opponent ’ sconcession, and the like. CCCMC & CRIA’s publicletter has its shortcomings in clarification ofdifference of opinion in the confrontation stage,in choice of starting in the opening stage, inchoice of topics in the argumentation stage andin manipulation of such specific argumentativerhetoricstrategies as ‘contrast’ and ‘statistics’.In view of China’s merits and deficiency, Chinashould: (1) clarify the confrontation, opening,argumentation and concluding stages of theargumentative discourse and flexibly set thedialectic and rhetoric aims of these four stagesaccording to the context; (2) strategicallymaneuver among topical potential, audiencedemand and presentational devices, in line withthe established dialectic and rhetoric aims indifferent argumentative stages; (3) recognizethe institutional context of trade frictiondiscourse and the importance of languageexpression, and cultivate an assertive image.

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Suryaputri, Rossje V., and Kerna la Wardhany. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH PADA PEMILIHAN METODE DEPRESIASI." Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing dan Informasi 4, no. 2 (May 16, 2017): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v4i2.1862.

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The main objective ofthis study is to obtain evidence whether manager choices to depreciation methods, is related and affected by firm's size, leverage ratio, and account-ing ROA. It' is assumed that manager in the small company with high leverage ratio, and decreasing trend of accounting ROA preferred to select depreciation method which can increase the reported earning by using the straight-line depreciation method. On the contrary, manager in the larger company with low leverage ratio and increasing trend of accounting ROA tend to select depreciation method which can reduce the repotted earning by using double declining balance or accebrated depreciation method.This study was conducted byselecting of 129 publiclisted manufacturing compa-nies. The firm's size was detennined by total assets, while leverage ratio and accounting ROA were measured by the ratio of total liabilities to total assets and ratio of operating pinfit to average of total assets. The study concludes that there was a positive correlation between leverage ratio and the choice of depreciation method. On the contrary, there was no correlation between the firm's size and accounting ROA with the choice of depreciation method. There was an effect of leverage ratio to the selection of depreciation method. On the other hand, there was no effect between the firm's size and accounting ROA to the selection of depreciation methodKeywords: Depreciation method, firm size, leverage, ROA

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Ravelli, Louise J., and Sue Starfield. "Typography and disciplinary identity in academic writing." Information Design Journal 16, no. 2 (August 4, 2008): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.16.2.06rav.

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This paper examines the potential significance of typographic variation in the front pages of a corpus of Humanities and Social Sciences doctoral theses. Some account is taken of the linguistic content of these pages, but the primary focus is on typographic resources such as font choice, salience, and layout. It is found that there is a strong association between the nature of the typographic choices and the disciplinary orientation. Specifically, the more marked semiotic resources are likely to be associated with theses which are oriented towards the “New Humanities”, that is, adopting a more subjective approach to research.

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Aggarwal, Praveen, and Rajiv Vaidyanathan. "Is font size a big deal? A transaction – acquisition utility perspective on comparative price promotions." Journal of Consumer Marketing 33, no. 6 (September 12, 2016): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-10-2015-1587.

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Purpose In promotional ads that contain both the Regular Price and Sale Price information, this paper aims to investigate whether changing the font sizes of these two prices has an effect on how consumers process the ad message. The authors use acquisition-transaction utility perspective to identify key differences in mechanisms invoked by the larger font size of the Regular Price vs that of the Sale Price. Design/methodology/approach Study 1 uses eye-tracking apparatus to study subjects’ responses to a full-color, realistic-looking ad for a digital camera. Study 2 uses a survey questionnaire to gauge subjects’ responses to a similar print ad. The font sizes of Regular Price and Sale price were manipulated while keeping all the other elements of the ad the same. Subjects were undergraduate students who participated in the study for a small incentive. Findings The authors find that making the relative font size of Regular Price bigger invokes a transaction-utility mechanism where customers’ attention is focused on the savings that can be had using the promotion. A bigger font size of Sale Price invokes an acquisition-utility mechanism that draws on the customers’ value consciousness. Research limitations/implications The use of student subjects and only one product category in the experiments may limit the generalizability of the study’s findings. Practical implications In print ads, managers predominantly use a bigger font size for the Sale Price. This study suggests that the choice of a bigger font size should really be driven by the objective of the promotion: a bigger font size for Sale Price is advised if the objective is to take an acquisition utility approach, whereas a bigger font size for Regular Price is advised for using a transaction utility approach. Originality/value This study is the first attempt at using an acquisition-transaction utility perspective for understanding the use of relative font sizes in the context of price promotions.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "FONT CHOICE"

Snyder, Robert B. "Making our own way, influences on choice among Fort Collins Chinese restaurateurs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/MQ55172.pdf.

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Branthwaite, Helen Rachael. "The impact of footwear choice on foot biomechanics in young adults, with considerations to the potential risk of developing foot pathology." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2015. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2256/.

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Foot pain and pathology can be disabling leading to more complex orthopaedic complaints over time. Footwear is often attributed as a significant factor in the development and persistence of foot pain, yet little is known about the impact everyday footwear choice has on the development of these pathologies and foot biomechanics. The aim of this collection of work is to assess the impact footwear choice has on foot biomechanics. A mixed methods approach has been employed across various publications to investigate the following; choices made when purchasing footwear, the impact footwear structure and styling has on foot mechanics and comfort and the effect of unstable shoes on muscle function. The publications employed literature reviews, qualitative questionnaires, repeated measures and quasi-experimental designs to address the research questions. There is a paucity of research regarding the effects that everyday footwear have on the feet of healthy individuals. A flat ballet pump was found to be the primary shoe of choice for young females with the colour of trainers being selected by sport science students. Altered physical characteristics of the shoe caused elevated dorsal and plantar foot pressure, impaired comfort and altered function. Fashionable exercise shoes were shown to demonstrate a varied effect on muscle activity. The availability of suitably fashionable and functional footwear appears to be severely limited leading to consumers purchasing inappropriate and ill-fitting footwear that may contribute to foot pathology. An extensive review of design, properties and manufacture with specific consideration to pathology in the footwear industry is recommended to improve footwear choice. The publications presented add new knowledge when evaluating consumer choice of footwear and the potentially adverse impact popular female fashion shoes have on foot biomechanics. The results also contribute to a wider understanding of the impact everyday footwear has on foot pathology and help in the application of footwear related treatment and rehabilitation plans.

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Karimpour, Abdolmehdi. "Factors Related to Travel Mode Choices in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331710/.

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This study examined the factors related to travel mode choices in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area. Changes in population, life style and economy of the Dallas-Fort Worth region over the last few decades demand a careful re-examination of travel demand tools and methods. The purpose of the study was to provide an understanding of transportation modal choice in the region. Those demographic variables best predicting the choices were identified. The Home Interview Survey, a set of disaggregate data from the 19 84 North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) Regional Travel Survey, was analyzed using logistic regression. The major findings of the research indicate that about 97 percent of the travelers in the study area used private cars and 3 percent used public transit. Household income and cars-vans were significant explanatory variables. The impact of household income and number of car-vans available upon an individual's decision for travel mode choice were very important. The number of car-vans available in the household, and age of respondents were significant predictors in travel mode. Household members with incomes of $30,000 to $39,000 and those with incomes of at least $50,000 tended to use more private cars than did other income groups. Also, household members with incomes below $9,000 used more public transportation. People reporting a lower preference for cars were younger than 26 years or older than 55 years of age.

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Zghal, Jamil. "L'école primaire en Tunisie (1956-2014) : l’influence des secteurs culturel, social, économique et politique sur les représentations que les enseignants se font de leurs élèves." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20009/document.

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Une activité pédagogique est un ensemble d’actions s’additionnant et se croisant en faveur d’un objectif déterminé au préalable et qui est au-delà d’un exercice ou d’une évaluation. C’est un processus qui, d’une part fait apparaître un produit unique tel que le nouvel apprentissage en termes de compétences et de savoir-faire et, d’autre part, amène une réorganisation de schèmes, connaissances et compétences en faveur d’une nouvelle strate de stabilité dans le sens piagétien du terme. La construction du savoir est une tâche individuelle effectuée par l’apprenant lui-même par le biais de l’enseignant qui doit jouer le rôle de médiateur pédagogique, cognitif et social. Ce rôle demande à l’enseignant des compétences professionnelles à la fois solides et délicates, solides parce qu’il doit se doter de connaissances suffisantes relatives à la matière enseignée et à la didactique de cette matière, et délicates parce que l’enseignement est un travail qui se base forcément sur les affects et les émotions. Ce travail dépend, d’une part, des représentations que se fait l’enseignant de l’élève dans ses trois statuts, à savoir en tant qu’élève comme statut social, apprenant comme statut didactique et enfant comme statut psychologique et d’autre part, il s’appuie sur l’ensemble des autres facteurs qui peuvent être opérationnels dans l’activité pédagogique tels que l’espace, au sens général du terme, et la planification.Les représentations que se fait l’enseignant de son élève s’inspirent, d’une façon consciente et/ou inconsciente, de maints facteurs qui ont servi (ou servent) à forger sa personnalité et l’orientation de ses propres choix, tels que les facteurs socio-économiques et culturels et la sphère politique. Ces facteurs forment ce qu’on a appelé les inputs des représentations de l’enseignant. Les outputs sont les différents choix relationnels et pédagogiques en termes de comportements et de décisions instantanées. L’activité pédagogique est un travail de communication et de relation. En effet, elle s’appuie, d’un côté sur les contenus scolaires, et d’un autre, sur les aspects comportementaux des personnes intervenantes tels que l’enseignant et les élèves en tant que groupe et individus. La nature des représentations que chaque partie se fait de l’autre contribue à orienter, d’une façon radicale, le processus de l’apprentissage et de l’appropriation. Ces représentations sont des facteurs déclencheurs dans toute action pédagogique. Dans ce travail, nous tentons d’approfondir l’idée que les représentations que l’enseignant se fait de son élève en tant que tel, en tant qu’apprenant et en tant qu’enfant, influencées par la sphère politique et les facteurs économico-socioculturels, orientent ses choix pédagogiques en termes de comportements relationnels et communicationnels. Il contient trois parties distinctes. Tout d’abord une partie théorique où nous avons tenté d’approfondir notre réflexion sur les différents concepts-clés et de tisser les éventuelles relations qui les lient. Une deuxième partie nous a servi à envisager successivement de mettre en lumière l’importance des principaux facteurs historiques, socio-économiques, anthropologiques et politiques qui déterminent les empreintes intrinsèques consciemment et ou inconsciemment de la personnalité de l’enseignant. Dans la troisième partie, la partie analytique, nous avons objectivement, quantitativement et qualitativement traité les données recueillies. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de valider l’hypothèse centrale et les quatre sous-réponses que nous avons proposées. Ces travaux de recherche servent à améliorer la réflexion sur le perfectionnement des relations qui se produisent au sein d’un groupe-classe. Cette amélioration vise, selon nous, le bien-être, le savoir-faire et le savoir-être de l’élève. Par conséquent, dans l’action d’apprendre, le rôle de l’école ne se limite plus aux apprentissages scolaires
An educational activity is a set of actions added and crossed for a specific purpose in advance and that is beyond a year of assessement. This process is, on the one hand shows a unique product such as a new learning in terms of skills and knowledge and, secondly, induces reorganization schemes, knowledge and skills in favor of another layer of stability in Piaget's sense. The construction of knowledge is an individual task performed by the learners themselves. however, the teacher plays the role of pedagogical, cognitive and social mediator. This role requires the professional skills of the teacher which should be sometimes both strong and delicate times, solid because it needs to have sufficient knowledge of the subject matter and the teaching of this material, and delicate because education is a work that is necessarily based on the affects and emotions. This work depends, on the one hand, on the representations that the teacher does on students in the three status, firstly, a student as a social status, secondly, a learner as a teaching status and thirdly, a child as a psychological status. From another perspective, he relies on all the other factors that may be operating in the educational activity such as space in a general sense and planning. The representations that the teacher has on his inspired pupils, consciously and / or unconsciously, have served many factors (or are serving) that forging his personality and directing his own choice, such as the socio- economic and cultural factors and political sphere. These factors consists of what is called the input representations of the teacher. The outputs are not only different in relational and educational terms of behavior but also on instant choice of decisions. The pedagogic activity is a communicative task and a set of relationships. Indeed, it relies on the one hand on the academic content, and on the other hand on the behavioral aspects of the intervening people such as teachers and students as a group and individuals. The nature of these representations, that each party has, which an influence on the other helps to direct, in a radical way, the process of learning and ownership. These representations are triggers in any teacher. In this activity, we try to develop the idea of the representations that the teacher has on his student, as a learner and as a child, influenced by politics and economic socio-cultural factors, guide its educational choices in terms of relationship and behavioral communication. It consists of three distinct parts .The first part is a theoretical part where we tried to reflect further on the different key concepts and build any relationships between them .In the second part, we used to consider successively highlight the significance of historical key, socio-economic, anthropological and political factors that determine the intrinsic fingerprints, consciously or unconsciously, the personality of the teacher. In the third part, the analytical part, we objectively analyse the quantitative and qualitative analyzed the collected data. The results allowed us to validate the central hypothesis and the four responses that we proposed. This research is used to improve the reflection on the development of relationships within a class group. This improvement is, in the well-being, the expertise and know- being of the student. Therefore, in the learning action, the role of the school is no longer limited to academic learning but will be a workshop where children learn how to build a real relationship into knowledge and life

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Tagang, Jerry. "An investigation into footwear materials choices and design for people suffering with diabetes." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10545.

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Use of appropriate footwear among diabetics and those with diabetic foot problems has been well documented to play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of established foot disease. The incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes in Africa are increasing and foot complications are rising parallel. Nigeria is Africa’s most populous nation which also has the highest number of people (up to 3 million) suffering with diabetes in the continent. This is related to the lifestyle of the people which is changing including diet. Many urbanites are embracing Western way of living. There is however lack of adequate knowledge about the role of footwear in the management of foot related problems among diabetic patients in the country. This study is the first of its kind to be done in Nigeria with an aim to develop a framework that would help to identify appropriate footwear materials and designs for people suffering with diabetes. To achieve this, data were collected through questionnaire and interview surveys, shoe upper materials analysis and foot measurements. In addition, Product Design Specification (PDS) and design framework were formulated. And functional footwear prototypes were designed, constructed and assessed. The data from the questionnaire survey indicate that up to 75% of the diabetic subjects have not received information about the type of footwear they should wear most often. The study revealed that the patients have very poor knowledge about diabetes and its complications, foot care, and the use of appropriate footwear. It was discovered that up to 53% female and 37% male of the patients were wearing slippers most often. Similarly, the findings from the medical doctors interviewed show that up to 66% of the patients were wearing slippers or slip-on (with no fastening mechanism) most often. The research revealed that financial constraint was a key factor to use of appropriate footwear by the patients. Many use cheap footwear regardless whether they provide the required protection and comfort to their feet or not. It was found out that specialist knowledge among medical doctors regarding foot care and provision of special footwear like orthopaedic and diabetic footwear to patients was very low. The shoe upper materials analyses demonstrated that leather has good physical properties required for making diabetic footwear. Data from the measurement of feet indicated that no individual’s feet are exactly the same even as people wearing the same shoe size might not have the same foot dimensions. It was concluded that these differences could have considerable effects on the shoe wearer. From the measured values, the tolerable allowance was found to be 3.4mm and 3.5mm for male and female subjects respectively. The fitting and comfort assessment of the prototypes have shown that some parts of the last used to make the prototypes would require amendments in order to accommodate minor foot deformities properly. The findings from the research were used to develop PDS and a research framework which could be used as a guide for diabetic footwear design and construction. Finally, the contributions of this research to knowledge and critical areas that would require further investigations were outlined.

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Cromwell, Robert John. ""Where ornament and function are so agreeably combined" consumer choice studies of English ceramic wares at Hudson's Bay Company, Fort Vancouver /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.

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Wallén, Pontus. "Överraskning och chock, en väg till framgång? En fallstudie av det tyska anfallet mot fort Eben Emael 1940." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7473.

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The question of how to use your forces to successfully defeat your enemy is as old as warfare itself. Today maneuver warfare is the leading theory in the west, but it can´t explain the human experience of combat and how it effects the outcome of battle. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the human perspective of combat to see if it can explain the outcome of battle on the tactical level, where a smaller force successfully defeats a larger one. This essay will apply Jim Storr´s theory of tactical success to the successful assault on Fort Eben Emael by German forces in the spring of 1940 in the form of a case study, to test whether it can explain this problem. Surprise was a vital success factor for the Germans, facing larger, well-fortified Belgian defenders. Storr highlights the human perspective of combat, and that surprise and shock can lead to collapse of the organization and the will to fight at the tactical level. The results indicate that Storr´s theory can explain the outcome of a battle thru the human perspective where surprise and shock lead to organizational collapse.

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Olujobi, Omobola. "International students in South African universities: an examination of their academic choices, challenges and social integration at the University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1020183.

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International students have become major role players in international education across the globe. Their enrollment in different universities has increased in the past few decades worldwide. Most of these students bring rich cultural diversity and skills to their various host institutions and countries. These trends signal the need to examine and understand international students within the South African context. Against this background, this study explores the factors that influence academic choices of international students, academic and social challenges they face and the role of social capital in influencing international student integration at the Universities of Fort Hare and Rhodes in South Africa. A qualitative research design was employed in this study. Thirty international students were selected (and interviewed) using purposive sampling and snowballing. The study found that some of the main factors that influence the academic choices of international students include availability of scholarships and funding, recommendations of the institution by family and friends, availability of preferred course and the reputation of the institution. Some of the main challenges faced by international students in these two institutions include language barriers, financial difficulty, expensive but improperly maintained accommodation and culture shock. These challenges impede the smooth integration of international students into their new academic and social environment. However, the students employ several strategies in attempt to address the challenges they face. These include joining a student or community social organization, community engagement and making friends. These social networks and organizations serve as a support system and connection hub for the students. The study recommends that it is pertinent for the University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University to meet the needs and expectations of its international students through regular surveys that give them room to speak about their experiences. The need for efficient International Offices at both institutions is crucial as well as the employment of open‐minded multicultural trained staff in these offices. The study also suggests the need for the both institutions to provide affordable and comfortable accommodation for its international students.

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Pochyla, Martin. "Podnikatelský záměr s důrazem na financování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222374.

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The diploma work presents financing from a structural funds of the EU and analysis of problems of this type of financing. Main focus is on elaboration feasibility study (economical project rating), that is an inseparable part of the application for grant from these funds. It also speaks about alternative methods of financial resourcing essentials to realize the desired business plan.

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Jiang, Yiting. "Many aspects of graph coloring." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=5613&f=42533.

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La coloration des graphes est un sujet central en théorie des graphes, et divers concepts de coloration ont été étudiés dans la littérature. Cette thèse étudie certains de ces concepts de coloration et les problèmes associés. Il s'agit notamment de la coloration des graphes signés généralisés, du nombre de choix fractionnels forts des graphes, du nombre de coloration généralisé des graphes, de la largeur gémellaire des graphes, de la discordance (combinatoire) des systèmes d'ensembles définissables et des classes de graphes chi_p-bornées. Un graphe signé est une paire (G, sigma), où G est un graphe et sigma: E(G) to {+,-} est une signature. Un graphe signé généralisé est également une paire (G, sigma), où la signature sigma attribue à chaque arête e une permutation sigma(e) dans un ensemble S comme son signe. Dans une coloration d'un graphe signé ou d'un graphe signé généralisé (G, sigma), le signe sigma(e) détermine les paires de couleurs qui doivent être évitées en tant que couleurs des sommets terminaux de e. Une question naturelle motivée par le théorème des quatre couleurs est de savoir pour quels sous-ensembles S de S_4, tout graphe planaire est S-4-colorable. Cette question a maintenant une réponse complète: seul S={id} posséde cette propriété, ce qui signifie que le théorème des quatre couleurs est strict au sens de la coloration généralisée des graphes signés. Ce résulat a été établi par une séquence de six articles, par différents groupes d'auteurs. L'une des contributions de cette thése est le résultat établi dans l'un de ces articles, à savoir que que de nombreux ensembles S n'ont pas la propriété désirée. La thèse considère également des questions similaires pour les graphes planaires sans triangle, ce qui peut être considéré comme une exploration de l'étanchéité du théorème de Grötzsch. Notre résultat montre que pour tout sous-ensemble S de S_3, si S n'est pas conjugué à un sous-ensemble de {id, (12)}, alors il existe un graphe planaire sans triangle qui n'est pas S-3-colorable. Une autre tentative pour renforcer le théorème de Grötzsch est de considérer le nombre de choix fractionnaire fort des graphes planaires sans triangle. Il a été prouvé par Voigt qu'il existe des graphes planaires sans triangle qui ne sont pas 3-choissables. Cette thèse prouve que le supremum du nombre de choix fractionnel fort des graphes planaires sans triangle est au moins 3+1/17. Un sujet important de la théorie structurelle des graphes est l'étude de la complexité structurelle des graphes. Quelques concepts et invariants de graphes sont largement étudiés dans la littérature. Récemment, le concept de largeur gémellaire a été introduit. Dans cette thèse, nous prouvons qu'un graphe G sans sous graphe K_{s,s} et de largeur gémellaire d a ses nombres de coloration forts (faibles) r bornés supérieurement par une fonction exponentielle en r et que nous pouvons construire des graphes réalisant une telle dépendance en r. L'une des deux notions centrales de la théorie structurelle des classes de graphes éparses est celle de classes d'expansion bornée. La discordance combinatoire est un sujet important. Elle mesure les irrégularités inévitables des systèmes d'ensembles et la difficulté intrinsèque de leur approximation. Dans cette thèse, nous donnons une nouvelle caractérisation des classes d'expansion bornée en termes de discordance de système définissables. La notion de chi-boundedness est un sujet central en théorie des graphes chromatiques. Dans cette thèse, les classes chi-bornées sont étudiées ici dans le contexte des colorations stellaires et, plus généralement, des chi_p-colorations. Considéré dans le cadre général de l'édute des classes éparses, il conduit à des extensions naturelles de la notion de classe d'expansion bornée. Nous résolvons ici deux conjectures liées à la limitation du nombre chromatique stellaire (i.e. chi_2). Nous donnons des caractérisations structurelles des classes (fortement et faiblement) chi_p-bornée
Graph coloring is a central topic in graph theory, and various coloring concepts have been studied in the literature. This thesis studies some of the coloring concepts and related problems. These include coloring of generalized signed graphs, strong fractional choice number of graphs, generalized coloring number of graphs, twin-width of graphs, (combinatorial) discrepancy of definable set systems and chi_p-bounded classes of graphs. A signed graph is a pair (G, sigma), where G is a graph and sigma: E(G) to {+,-} is a signature. A generalized signed graph is also a pair (G, sigma), where the signature sigma assigns to each edge e a permutation sigma(e) in a set S as its sign. In a coloring of a signed graph or a generalized signed graph (G, sigma), the sign sigma(e) determines the pairs of colors that need to be avoided as the colors of the end vertices of e. Let S_k be the set of all permutations of [k]. A natural question motivated by the four color theorem is for which subsets S of S_4, every planar graph is S-4-colorable. This question is now completely answered: only S={id} has this property, which means that the four color theorem is tight in the sense of generalized signed graph coloring. This answer is obtained in a sequence of six papers, by different groups of authors. The contribution of this thesis is the results in one of the papers, which shows that many sets S do not have the desired property. The thesis also considers similar questions for triangle-free planar graphs, which can be viewed as exploring the tightness of Grötzsch Theorem. Our result shows that for any subset S of S_3, if S is not conjugate to a subset of {id, (12)}, then there exists a triangle-free planar graph which is not S-3-colorable. Another attempt to strengthen Grötzsch Theorem is to consider multiple list coloring of triangle-free planar graphs. It was proved by Voigt that there are triangle-free planar graphs that are not 3-choosable. This thesis strengthens Voigt's result by considering the strong fractional choice number of graphs and proves that the supremum of the strong fractional choice number of triangle-free planar graphs is at least 3+1/17. One important subject in structural graph theory is to study the structural complexity of graphs or classes of graphs and a few concepts and graph invariants are studied extensively in the literature. These include treewidth of graphs, generalized coloring number, etc. Recently, the concept of twin-width was introduced by Bonnet, Kim, Thomassé and Watrigant. In this thesis, we study the relation between twin-width and generalized coloring number. We prove that a graph $G$ with no K_{s,s}-subgraph and twin-width d has strong(weak) r-coloring numbers bounded by an exponential function of r and that we can construct graphs achieving such a dependency in r. One of the two central notions in structural theory of classes of sparse graphs is the classes with bounded expansion. These classes have strong algorithmic and structural properties and enjoy numerous characterizations and applications. Combinatorial discrepancy is a significant subject in its own right. It measures the inevitable irregularities of set systems and the inherent difficulty to approximate them. In this thesis, we give a new characterization of bounded expansion classes in terms of discrepancy of definable set systems. The notion of chi-boundedness is a central topic in chromatic graph theory. This thesis studies chi-bounded classes in the context of star colorings and, more generally, chi_p-colorings, say chi_s-bounded and (strongly and weakly) chi_p-bounded classes. This fits to a general scheme of sparsity and leads to natural extensions of the notion of bounded expansion class. Here we solve two conjectures related to star coloring ({i.e.} chi_2) boundedness and give structural characterizations of strongly chi_p-bounded classes and weakly chi_p-bounded classes

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Книги з теми "FONT CHOICE"

Êtes-vous fort en littérature? Paris: Larousse, 2011.

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Ces livres qui font grandir les enfants. Paris: Didier Jeunesse, 2008.

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Stein, James D. How to shoot from the hip without getting shot in the foot: Making smart strategic choices every day. New York: J. Wiley, 1990.

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Stein, James D. How to shoot from the hip without getting shot in the foot: Making smart strategic choices every day. New York, NY: Wiley, 1990.

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Mon, Ya-Feng. Film Production and Consumption in Contemporary Taiwan. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089648884.

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This book uses the potent case study of contemporary Taiwanese queer romance films to address the question of how capitalism in Taiwan has privileged the film industry at the expense of the audience's freedom to choose and respond to culture on its own terms. Interweaving in-depth interviews with filmmakers, producers, marketers, and spectators, Ya-Fong Mon takes a biopolitical approach to the question, showing how the industry uses investments in techno-science, ancillary marketing, and media convergence to seduce and control the sensory experience of the audience-yet that control only extends so far: volatility remains a key component of the film-going experience.

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Office, General Accounting. Forest Service: Difficult choices face the future of the recreation program : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on National Parks and Public Lands, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: GAO, 1991.

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Funny Gag Funny Gag Gifts For Friends - Harmony Coworker Quotes. I'm Silently Judging Your Font Choice: Blank Lined Journal Coworker Notebook Employees Appreciation Funny Gag Gift Boss. Independently Published, 2020.

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Publishing, Feranosta. I'm Silently Judging Your Font Choice: Blank Lined Journal, 6x9 Inches, 120 Pages. Coworker Gag Gift Funny Office Notebook. Independently Published, 2020.

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Publishing, Feranosta. I'm Silently Judging Your Font Choice: Blank Lined Journal, 6x9 Inches, 120 Pages. Coworker Gag Gift Funny Office Notebook. Independently Published, 2020.

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Publishing, Fidosta. I'm Silently Judging Your Font Choice: Blank Lined Journal, 6x9 Inches, 120 Pages. Coworker Gag Gift Funny Office Notebook. Independently Published, 2020.

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Hirota, Kiyoharu, Yasuhisa Suganuma, Tomoharu Iwasaki, and Takeshi Kuwano. "How to Teach Remotely the Vegetation Works to Protect Slopes Against Mass Wasting: A Case of Using Video Materials in Bhutan." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 361–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_26.

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AbstractThis paper describes the outline of the video tutorial prepared for vegetation workers and relevant officers in Bhutan to learn how vegetation works are to be done in remote areas. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA for short) took a project on cutting unstable slopes in Gangthangkha, Wangdue, Bhutan, so that they should be gentler than 45° to improve slope stability with vegetation works. Particularly stabilizing slopes along Prime National Highway No. 1 (PNH-1 for short) was the overriding priority because slope failures along this highway have reportedly occurred in rainy seasons. Before vegetation works were carried out on the studied slope of the project, the authors conducted germination tests to choose seeds and methods suitable for the vegetation works. They chose Paspalum Atratum, Ruzi grass, and GM mixed (Grass Mixture seed formulating of Cock’s foot 70% and Italian Ryegrass 30% of 100 kg) based on their test results. The soil thickness associated with sowing was set at 5 cm. The authors tried the following types of vegetation methods on the studied site. Type A is arranging on the slope stripes of soil mixed with seeds and fertilizer, Type B is spreading out a five cm-thick seeds-mixed soil layer over the slope, and Type C is transplanting germination beds. In conclusion, Type C is the best in terms of its performance because the whole slope is quickly covered with already grown plants. In Type B, it is not until grass covers the entire slope that the slope is finally stabilized. Type A is good for seeds-mixed soil stripes, but it takes time for the grass to spread gradually over the whole slope.

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Issever, Cigdem, and Ken Peach. "Style." In Presenting Science. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199549085.003.0008.

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The style of the talk should be chosen such that it supports the message, the occasion and your personality. The guiding rule should always be that the chosen style should not make the slides hard to read or distract the attention of the audience from the message. For example having an animation on the slide which runs all the time will most certainly catch the eye of the audience, because our eyes are programmed to look at moving objects. But this will make it impossible for the listener to follow your discussion on the rest of your slide while this animation is running. You can have different styles for different occasions. Figure 5.1 shows an example of a slide style for a working group meeting and in Fig. 5.2 for an invited seminar talk on the same topic. Style features which are important are the font style, the slide background and border, colours, plots, tables, pictures and animation. We will cover each of these in the sections below. The choice of the font should be a conscious decision and should not be just guided by your aesthetic feelings or the system default. There are several choices to be made under the font banner, and all are important. • Style: Serif or Sans Serif, • Appearance: normal, bold, italic, underlined or combined, • Size: small (8 pt), medium (12 pt), large (16 pt), huge (20 pt), vast (24 pt), • Colour: foreground (text) and background. Colour theory is quite complex, and beyond the scope of this book. However, a few simple ideas should help avoid most problems. The colour of the font and the colour of the background need to be considered together; it is better to choose colours that are readily distinguishable, with high contrast. A yellow (black) text on a white (dark) background is nearly invisible. Remember that your presentation may be printed on a black and white printer and colour-coded information may be lost if there is low contrast, and that between 5% and 8% of males and less than 1% of females are colour blind.

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Caiaffa, Emanuela, Maurizio Pollino, and Alessandro Marucci. "A GIS Based Methodology in Renewable Energy Sources Sustainability." In Geospatial Research, 1944–64. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9845-1.ch093.

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The exploitation of renewable energy sources has assumed a significant role, especially in an integrated vision of problems concerning energy policies, The 2009/28/EC Directive of the European Parliament and Council has indicated ambitious energy and climate change objectives for 2020 (according to the so-called “EU2020 Strategy”): greenhouse gas emissions reduction for 20%, renewable energy increase for 20%, improvement in energy efficiency for 20%. The aim of this paper is to present a GIS based methodology able to support decision-making in energy supply from Renewable Energy Sources (RES), focusing on two specific case-studies: Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind energy. To decide what type of renewable energy font is the best choice for a specific territory, it's important to know the local energetic situation, exploring the potential renewable energy sources available in that specific area, deciding what is the territory more compatible/sustainable among them, and if it's exploitable by suitable environmental and economic point of view. The methodology is largely directed towards the development of a tool to support siting decision.

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"Choose Fonts." In The New Web Typography, 103–30. A K Peters/CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315364056-9.

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Robinson, Marin S., Fredricka L. Stoller, Molly Constanza-Robinson, and James K. Jones. "Designing the Poster." In Write Like a Chemist. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367423.003.0017.

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The purpose of this chapter is to help you design a poster that is visually appealing. Specific attention is paid to poster layout, font, and color. These design elements are illustrated with posters that we have created using the text introduced in chapter 9. Of course, what makes a poster attractive is (at least in part) a matter of taste, and many new design features will likely gain (and lose) popularity in the next decade. We cannot anticipate these changes; hence, we focus on a few basic principles of poster design that are likely to hold true over time. The guiding principle is to present your science in a way that is clear, crisp, and uncluttered. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to do the following: ■ Select the most appropriate layout for your poster ■ Select the font and font attributes for your poster ■ Select the color scheme for your poster The Designing on Your Own activities throughout the chapter will guide you in preparing your poster as you do the following: 10A Select a poster layout 10B Choose a font and font size 10C Add color and artwork 10D Finalize your poster Although the focus of this chapter is on visual appeal, a good-looking poster is not a substitute for good science. Viewers visit your poster to learn about your science, not the latest trends in graphic design. Therefore, conservative, but effective, use of design elements is preferred over flashy, distracting design. Commonly used graphic design elements, such as photos, backgrounds, shadowing of text, and “artsy” fonts can dramatically enhance the appeal and clarity of a poster, but if used carelessly, they can turn the poster into a scattered and confusing mess. The goal is to use your sense of aesthetics for color and your creative energies to communicate your science and to make the poster inviting, accessible, and memorable for your audience. Not long ago, a “poster” consisted of 8–12 sheets of paper cut and pasted onto individual pieces of colored construction paper.

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Hertz, Rosanna. "Lim In Ali Ty And The Courage To Change Making the Decision to Become a Single Mother." In Single by Chance, Mothers by Choice, 21–36. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195341409.003.0002.

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Abstract James was my first really true love relationship. But it just was n’t meant to be. We shared quirky amusements-like who could do the Sunday crossword puzzle faster-and I admired his artistic talents. He would wake me up in the morning by playing music at the foot of our bed; he wrote love songs to me that made me melt. We shared a connection that is really beyond words, a soul mate. He loved my “flashes of insight,” his exact words, which still remain with me.

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Machover, Wilma, and Marienne Uszler. "The Adolescent Years." In Sound Choices, 113–59. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195092073.003.0004.

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Abstract “Adolescent is a disease from which I think I have recovered.” So begins the saga of one college student. What of these transition years? Certainly for the teen, they are among the most mercurial, dramatic, challenging, terrifying, and thrilling years of life so far. At no other time in your role as a parent has the thought of the daunting choices been more fraught with danger or filled with so many exciting possibilities. As we explore the world of adolescence, that very special time when the young person has one foot on either side of childhood, the terminology immediately changes. We can no longer refer to this young offspring of yours as your “child,” although that relationship will be true throughout your life. The years of developing a sense of independence and separation have arrived, whether parents like it or not. Establishing his own identity, or ruminating over the possibility of doing so, becomes a major preoccupation for your teen. The transition is challenging for both of you. These are the years when you must redefine your relationship with your child, whom we shall hereafter refer to as your “teen” out of respect for his need not to be viewed as a child ever again, no matter how many times that label may be accurate.

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Therme, Clément. "Iran : régime fort, régime faible ?" In Les chocs du futur, 146–51. Institut français des relations internationales, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ifri.demon.2018.01.0146.

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Somin, Ilya. "Foot Voting in the Private Sector." In Free to Move, 80–90. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190054588.003.0005.

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This chapter explains how foot voting in the private sector can expand political freedom. Some 69 million Americans currently live in private planned communities, and such arrangements can offer better and more diverse foot-voting opportunities than public jurisdictions alone. This type of foot voting is not as clearly “political” as others, but it still enhances political freedom in the sense that it provides an alternative to the government. Much can be done to increase the availability of private planned communities, including for the poor. The chapter also addresses claims that private sector foot voting does not qualify as genuine political choice, that it can only benefit the affluent, and that it has severe limitations of scale.

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"Pages de fin." In Comment les électeurs font-ils leur choix ?, 381–90. Presses de Sciences Po, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/scpo.cautr.2009.01.0381.

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Stanić Loknar, Nikolina, Diana Bratić, and Ana Agić. "Kinetic typography - figuration and technology." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p81.

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Kinetic typography - text in motion is an animation method of characters that has a video form instead of some "static" form such as picture, poster or book. The most important element for figuration of kinetic typography is the choice of font. Furthermore, one should think about the letter cut, the size and color of the characters, and the background color on which the animation takes place. It can be created in various ways, most often using software that applies a multitude of effects to the text or letter character, creating dynamic solutions. The effects vary from the simplest such as "fade-in" and "fade-out" (entering and exiting text in and out of the frame). Static characters can expand, narrow, move slowly or rapidly, grow and change in a variety of ways to very complex ones in which the author builds an entire story or promotional video by carefully combining software capabilities. However, each software has its limitations and for this reason the kinetic typography presented in this paper is programmed using codes. In a wide range of available programming languages due to the simple interface that does not require advanced programming concepts and gives exceptional results in the field of kinetic typography, Processing was chosen. The Processing programming language is intended for generating and modifying graphics and is based on the Java programming language. The most important difference between Processing and Java is that Processing offers a simple programming interface that does not require advanced levels of programming such as classes, objects, or animations. It also allows advanced users to use them. Processing uses a variety of typography rendering approaches such as raster and vector solutions and allows typography to be programmed and displayed on the Web independently of the user's Web browser and font database. Processing enables the use of visual elements in animation, including typographic ones, by introducing interaction to the user. The user is no longer a passive observer but actively participates in the performance of the application whose final appearance is not predefined but arises from the actions of each individual user. For the purposes of this paper, individual letters were created in a font-making program. The letters made are of various written classifications and cuts, which with their variety contribute to the attractiveness of the animation. In the creating of motion typography in this paper, the programming language Processing was used. Written program codes that manipulate words, letters, or parts of characters to create interesting visual effects for the viewer that aim to hold the viewer's attention and convey the desired message or emotion. There are no strict rules and patterns when making kinetic typography. In kinetic typography, each author determines his own rules, method of production, and there are no same solutions.

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Shirani, Amirreza, Franck Dernoncourt, Jose Echevarria, Paul Asente, Nedim Lipka, and Thamar Solorio. "Let Me Choose: From Verbal Context to Font Selection." In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.762.

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Shourijeh, Mohammad Sharif, and John McPhee. "Efficient Hyper-Volumetric Contact Dynamic Modelling of the Foot Within Human Gait Simulations." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13446.

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This study describes the development of a multi-body foot contact model consisting of spherical volumetric models for the surfaces of the foot. The developed model is two-dimensional, and consists of two segments, the hind-foot, mid-foot, and forefoot as one rigid body and the phalanges collectively as the second rigid body. The model has four degrees of freedom: ankle x, y, hind-foot orientation, and metatarsal joint angle. Both ankle and metatarsal joints are assumed to be revolute joints. Three different types of contact elements are targeted: Kelvin-Voigt, linear volumetric, and nonlinear volumetric. The models are kinematically driven at the ankle and the metatarsal joints, and simulated horizontal and vertical ground reaction forces as well as center of pressure location are compared against the measured quantities within a complete human gait cycle. The hyper-volumetric foot contact model was found to be a suitable choice for foot/ground interaction modelling within human gait simulations.

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De Giacomo, Giuseppe, and Yves Lespérance. "The Nondeterministic Situation Calculus." In 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2021}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2021/21.

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The standard situation calculus assumes that atomic actions are deterministic. But many domains involve nondeterministic actions, with problems such as fully observable nondeterministic (FOND) planning and high-level program execution requiring solutions. Various approaches have been proposed to accommodate nondeterminism on top of the standard situation calculus language, for instance by introducing nondeterministic programs as in Golog and ConGolog. But a key problem in these approaches is that they don’t clearly distinguish between choices that can be made by the agent and choices that are made by the environment, i.e., angelic vs. devilish nondeterminism. In this paper, we propose a simple extension to the standard situation calculus that accommodates nondeterministic actions and preserves Reiter’s solution to the frame problem and answering projection queries through regression. We also provide a formalization of FOND planning and show how ConGolog high-level program execution in nondeterministic domains can be defined.

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Pfeiffer, Ferris M., Paul S. Shurnas, Dennis L. Abernathie, and James A. Ronan. "An Assessment of Compression Screws in Cadaver Foot and Ankle Specimens." In ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2007-38083.

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It has been well supported in the literature that using compression screws is the preferred method to achieve fixation of an arthrodesis [1, 2]. Indications for isolated subtalar arthrodesis include trauma, arthritis, talocalcaneal coalition, adult acquired flatfoot, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, and Charcot neuroarthropathy [3, 4]. With the increase in bone screw shapes and designs, there is a desire to achieve the best compression generated by a type of screw so as to promote excellent bone healing and outcome for the patient; this will also allow the stability of the construct achieved by the screw and its placement to be determined. As indicated by Wheeler, et. al. [5] screw choice, compression, stability and loading can be very important when it comes to healing of fractures in small bones.

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Ivanov, Glib, I. Jen Hsu, and Kai-Tung Ma. "Design Considerations on Semi-Submersible Columns and Pontoons for Floating Wind." In ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-101503.

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Abstract Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) is an innovative technology with little industry guidance for its hull design. Various FOWT floaters with different hull shapes claim to support the same turbines. Structural integrity and material expense analyses of different pontoon shapes were conducted, and it was found that some configurations, such as those with every two columns connected by one pontoon, have advantages over others. However, it is important to note that the choice of pontoon shape should be based on the wave loading conditions the floater will be exposed to. While a T-shaped pontoon provides a cost-effective solution under certain wave loading scenarios, it may not be the best option for all conditions. Specifically, ring pontoon designs with full bracing were found to be necessary for withstanding certain wave loads. Therefore, it is important to consider different Dominant Load Parameters (DLP) and ensure that a FOWT floater can withstand all applicable DLPs. An uneven hexahedral column shape, which combines the best attributes of square and round shapes, is proposed as a better alternative. It offers ease of manufacture and relatively good hydrodynamics, while bracing is found to be necessary for withstanding the wind turbine’s incurred moment and forces. The conclusion is that column design should prioritize manufacturing costs over hydrodynamic performance.

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Pfeiffer, Ferris M., Paul S. Shurnas, Dennis L. Abernathie, and James A. Ronan. "Bending, Torsional, and Pullout Strength of Compression Screws in Cadaver Foot and Ankle Specimens." In ASME 2008 3rd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2008-38064.

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It has been well supported in the literature that using compression screws is the preferred method to achieve fixation of an arthrodesis [1, 2]. Indications for isolated subtalar arthrodesis include trauma, arthritis, talocalcaneal coalition, adult acquired flatfoot, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, and Charcot neuroarthropathy [3, 4]. With the increase in bone screw shapes and designs, there is a desire to achieve the best compression generated by a type of screw so as to promote excellent bone healing and outcome for the patient; this will also allow the stability of the construct achieved by the screw and its placement to be determined. As indicated by Wheeler, et. al.[5] screw choice, compression, stability and loading can be very important when it comes to healing of fractures in small bones.

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Segal, Ava D., and Glenn K. Klute. "Lower Limb Amputee Recovery Response to an Imposed Mediolateral Error in Foot Placement." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14755.

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Lower limb amputees exhibit increased foot placement variability during gait [1–3] in part due to the lack of ankle musculature that reduces their ability to shift the prosthetic limb center of pressure (COP) [4]. In spite of compensating with a wider step width compared to non-amputees [2,3], amputees are still 20% more likely to fall compared to age-matched norms [5]. Since mediolateral (ML) balance is critical for successful ambulation and contingent on accurate ML foot placement [6,7], we chose to study how an error in ML foot placement affects amputee balance to gain a better understanding of the biomechanic strategies amputees employ to compensate for their lack of ankle musculature.

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Nickel, Eric, Gregory Voss, Billie Slater, Emily Mueller, and Andrew Hansen. "Improving Footwear Options for Persons With Lower Limb Amputations." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9044.

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Abstract Men and women with lower limb amputations struggle with managing the balance between prosthesis alignment and shoe heel rise. A novel prosthetic ankle-feet system is being developed to support a wider range of footwear options for men and women with lower limb amputations. Each rigid foot is customized to fit the footwear of choice and can be rapidly attached to (or released from) an ankle unit which remains attached to the prosthesis. The ankle unit has a mass of 318g and is small enough to fit in the design volume of a 22cm foot across a range of heel rises. The ankle uses elastomeric bumpers arranged in a wiper design to maximize space efficiency. Structural testing has shown that the 3D printed custom Nylon 12 feet withstood 4584N of forefoot loading without failure based on the ISO 10328 loading parameters, indicating suitable strength to support safe human use in the laboratory. The feet have a mass of 446g. Feedback from two women Veterans with lower limb amputations reinforced the importance of improving access to shoes with different heel rises. Future activities will include cyclic fatigue testing, additional weight reduction, and incorporating suggested design refinements.

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Dianov, Sergey, Larisa Udochkina, Olga Vorontcova, and Pavel Gureev. "Influence of forefoot deformities on the gait cycle." In Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.xkyr1542.

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Modern treatment of foot deformities made it possible to increase the positivity of the outcomes of their surgical treatment. Surgical correction of anatomical distortions significantly improves the supporting and motor functions of the foot. To achieve this goal are widely used in various corrective interventions on the anterior section of the foot. The abundance of methods for these operations indicates that there are no optimal standards to date. The influence of bone and articular changes to locomotion and dynamics of movements of the lower extremities remains largely unexplored. Expanding the diagnosis of dynamic changes in the gait cycle as a result of deformity of the forefoot can help optimize the choice of correction method. This will give the potential to determine the indications for a particular method of restoring the correctness of anatomical relationships. Therefore, diagnostics of the transformation of the gait cycle with deformations of the forefoot is of undoubted interest. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the biomechanical features of movement of a person with anterior foot deformity, pain syndrome caused by deformity, and to explain the influence of the deformed foot shape on the change of individual phases of the gait cycle. To find out the changes in the walking function, we used a three-dimensional video analysis method. The main group was represented by 29 patients with anterior deformity of feet. The research was organized in 2018-2020. The average age was 51.3±16.5 years (from 20 to 80 years female patients were 29 (96.7%)). The control group consisted of 22 healthy women without foot deformities, with an average age of 45.4±15.5 years. The tool base of the research was the Vicon motion capture system (digital infrared cameras Vicon T40-10 PCs., video cameras Vicon bonita 720-2 PCs., dynamometer platform AMTI – 2 PCs., software Vicon Nexus, Vicon Polygon). The study used a full Body Plugin Gate (URM-FRM) skeletal model consisting of 39 reflective markers arranged in a certain order on the human body. The analysis of kinematic data revealed that all 29 studied patients had violations of biomechanics of movements in the joints of the lower extremities. There was an increase in the time of double support by 22.2% from 0.21±0.057 s for the control group to 0.27±0.064 s for the main group. Video analysis allowed us to combine the data obtained using computer graphical visualization of movements with the indicators of the support reaction force and the speed of movement of the lower extremities in patients with foot deformities, as well as to reveal the internal architecture of the gait cycle.

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Звіти організацій з теми "FONT CHOICE"

Latané, Annah, Jean-Michel Voisard, and Alice Olive Brower. Les réseaux de producteurs du Sénégal font face à la COVID-19. RTI Press, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0045.2106.fr.

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Cette étude a tiré parti d’une infrastructure d’encadrement et de collecte de données et de relations préalables légué par le projet Feed the Future Sénégal Naatal Mbay (« agriculture florissante »), financé par l’Agence des États-Unis pour le développement international (USAID) et mis en œuvre par RTI International entre 2015 et 2019. Réalisée en 2020, la recherche a intégré des organisations de producteurs pour qu’elles puissent suivre les ménages ruraux membres de leurs réseaux alors qu’ils faisaient face à la pandémie de COVID-19 et tentaient de réagir à ce choc. Les organisations de producteurs, avec le soutien de RTI et de la société-conseil locale STATINFO, ont réalisé une enquête sur un échantillon de 800 ménages agricoles membres de quatre organisations de producteurs soutenus par Naatal Mbay, réalisée en deux passages successifs, en août et octobre 2020. Des groupes de discussion ont été menés avec les responsables des réseaux, ainsi qu’une collecte de données a posteriori ont permis de contextualiser l’expérience face au choc de la COVID-19 et de valider les conclusions. Les conclusions ont montré que les producteurs étaient déjà aux prises des effets des faibles précipitations de la saison de production de 2019 et que la COVID-19 a aggravé ce premier choc du fait des perturbations des communications et des interdictions de déplacements entre les régions, créant ainsi des pénuries alimentaires et exerçant ainsi une pression sur l’utilisation des stocks de semences à des fins alimentaires. Les effets de l’insécurité alimentaire, mesurés par le biais de l’échelle d’accès d’insécurité alimentaire des ménages, se sont avérés être plus importants pour les ménages de Casamance que pour ceux des régions de Kaolack et de Kaffrine. Les conclusions ont également indiqué que les réseaux de producteurs ont déployé une intervention coordonnée incluant aide alimentaire et accès à des équipements de protection individuelle, distribution de semences de légumes et de céréales à cycle court (par exemple, le niébé et le maïs) et des semences adaptées au jardinage, mesures de protection pour les semences de céréales de l’année suivante et innovations financières avec les banques pour sécuriser les crédits. On s’attend à ce que les stocks d’alimentation soient reconstitués au début de la récolte en octobre 2020 et les réseaux prévoient d’accélérer la multiplication des semences, de diversifier les cultures au-delà des céréales, d’améliorer la communication au sein des réseaux et de généraliser l’accès aux instruments financiers au cours de la saison 2021. Les études ont indiqué que le projet antérieur financé par l’USAID est susceptible d'avoir contribué aux capacités de résilience des réseaux en renforçant le capital social et en encourageant le recours à des technologies et outils nouveaux au cours de ses années de fonctionnement.

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Touré, Mustapha, and Thomas G. Poder. Mesure des années de vie ajustées par la qualité de vie globale au Québec : le 13-MD. CIRANO, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/sxao9819.

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La demande croissante à laquelle font face les systèmes de santé combinée à la rareté des ressources disponibles rend impératif leur optimisation pour effectuer des choix éclairés. Le concept d’année de vie ajustée par la qualité (AVAQ) s’inscrit dans ce cadre et utilise des instruments de mesure de qualité de vie reliée à la santé (QVRS), parmi lesquels des instruments génériques. Cependant, de nombreuses différences peuvent être observées entre ces instruments. Le constat général est que quasiment tous les instruments génériques contiennent une ou plusieurs dimensions liées à la santé physique (p. ex. incapacité, inconfort, douleur) au détriment d'autres dimensions d’ordre mentales ou sociales. Afin de pallier cette limite, un nouvel instrument a été créé, son but étant d’être plus complet et plus équilibré dans la mesure de la qualité de vie reliée à la santé globale (QVRS-G). Ce rapport présente les étapes clés de la création de cet instrument ainsi que les résultats obtenus dans la mesure de la QVRS-G des québécois au printemps 2021. Ainsi un nouvel outil générique, le 13-MD, composé de 33 items avec 5 à 7 niveaux chacun a été mis sur pieds. La création d’un value set permettant la conversion des états de santé en scores d’utilité permettra son utilisation dans les analyses coût-utilité.

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DE MARCELLIS-WARIN, NATHALIE, and INGRID PEIGNIER. BAROMÈTRE DE LA CONFIANCE DES CONSOMMATEURS QUÉBÉCOIS À L’EGARD DES ALIMENTS -1 re édition-. CIRANO, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/iubd2838.

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de Marcellis-Warin, Nathalie, and Ingrid Peignier. BAROMÈTRE DE LA CONFIANCE DES CONSOMMATEURS QUÉBÉCOIS À L’EGARD DES ALIMENTS -1 re édition-. CIRANO, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/ozqj1044.

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Perron, Benoit, Michel Poitevin, Arthur Adam, and Xenia Sozonoff. Autonomie alimentaire et volatilité des prix : une comparaison internationale. CIRANO, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/eygc7391.

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La pandémie mondiale a forcé les dirigeants politiques ainsi que la population à faire une introspection et à se questionner sur l’efficacité et la solidité des fondations de notre système d’approvisionnement alimentaire. Dans ce contexte hors du commun, l’un des enjeux qui a rapidement été soulevé est celui de l’autonomie alimentaire. Est-ce que l’autonomie alimentaire peut jouer un rôle en tant que mécanisme d’auto-assurance contre des chocs mondiaux sur la demande ou l’offre de produits alimentaires à l’échelle internationale ? L’intuition de base est que ces chocs affectent les prix internationaux et qu’il est possible de se soustraire ou de s’isoler partiellement de ces chocs en produisant localement. Cette étude propose donc à travers une approche rigoureuse et basée sur des données probantes, une amorce d’analyses statistiques/économétriques de l’autonomie alimentaire en tant que mécanisme d’autoassurance, et une comparaison du rôle de cette autonomie alimentaire pour trois régions/pays : le Québec, le Canada et la France. Les auteurs ont utilisé deux approches économétriques différentes : des régressions utilisant une forme réduite et une méthode d’estimation empruntée à la finance de marchés. Les résultats obtenus, peu importe la stratégie d’estimation utilisées, ne sont pas concluants. Si l’autonomie alimentaire semble parfois jouer un rôle d’autoassurance, notamment au Québec, ce rôle est loin d’être universel ou répandu à l’échelle internationale. Aussi, bien que les résultats montrent généralement que le degré d’autonomie alimentaire est associé à une corrélation plus faible entre l’inflation locale et l’inflation mondiale, ils ne sont pas significatifs. Les résultats des estimations ne permettent donc pas de conclure au fort potentiel de l’autonomie alimentaire en tant que mécanisme d’autoassurance. Probablement qu’une stratégie de diversification des chaînes d’approvisionnement (incluant la production locale) serait désirable, mais qu’il est important de conserver les sources étrangères d’approvisionnement.

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Beiker, Sven. Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users. SAE International, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020023.

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The focus of this SAE EDGE™ Research Report is to address a topic overlooked by many who choose to view automated driving systems and AVs from a “10,000-foot” perspective: how automated vehicles (AVs) will actually communicate with other road users. Conventional (human-driven) vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians already have a functioning system of understating each other while on the move. Adding automated vehicles to the mix requires assessing the spectrum of existing modes of communication – both implicit and explicit, biological and technological, and how they will interact with each other in the real world. The impending deployment of AVs represents a major shift in the traditional approach to ground transportation; its effects will inevitably be felt by parties directly involved with the vehicle manufacturing and use and those that play roles in the mobility ecosystem (e.g., aftermarket and maintenance industries, infrastructure and planning organizations, automotive insurance providers, marketers, telecommunication companies). Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users brings together the multiple scenarios we are likely to see in a future not too far away and how they are likely to play out in practical ways.

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Mörch, Carl-Maria, Pascale Lehoux, Marc-Antoine Dilhac, Catherine Régis, and Xavier Dionne. Recommandations pratiques pour une utilisation responsable de l’intelligence artificielle en santé mentale en contexte de pandémie. Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l’intelligence artificielle et du numérique, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.61737/mqaf7428.

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La pandémie actuelle a provoqué une onde de choc dont les conséquences se font sentir dans tous les aspects de notre vie. Alors que la santé physique a été généralement au cœur de l’attention scientifique et politique, il est devenu clair que la pandémie de COVID-19 a influé significativement sur la santé mentale de nombreux individus. Plus encore, elle aurait accentué les fragilités déjà existantes dans nos systèmes de santé mentale. Souvent moins financé ou soutenu que la santé physique, le domaine de la santé mentale pourrait-il bénéficier d’innovations en intelligence artificielle en période de pandémie ? Et si oui comment ? Que vous soyez développeur.e.s en IA, chercheur.e.s ou entrepreneur.e.s, ce document vise à vous fournir une synthèse des pistes d’actions et des ressources pour prévenir les principaux risques éthiques liés au développement d’applications d’IA dans le champ de la santé mentale. Pour illustrer ces principes, ce document propose de découvrir quatre cas fictif, à visée réaliste, à partir desquels il vous sera proposé de porter attention aux enjeux éthiques potentiels dans cette situation, aux enjeux d’innovation responsable à envisager, aux pistes d’action possibles inspirées de la liste de contrôle (Protocole Canadien conçu pour favoriser une utilisation responsable de l’IA en santé mentale et prévention du suicide, Mörch et al., 2020), aux ressources pratiques et à certains enjeux juridiques pertinents. Ce document a été élaboré par Carl-Maria Mörch, PhD, Algora Lab, Université de Montréal, Observatoire International sur les impacts sociétaux de l’Intelligence Artificielle et du Numérique (OBVIA), Mila – Institut Québécois d’Intelligence Artificielle, avec les contributions de Pascale Lehoux, Marc-Antoine Dilhac, Catherine Régis et Xavier Dionne.

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de Marcellis-Warin, Nathalie, and Ingrid Peignier. BAROMÈTRE DE LA CONFIANCE DES CONSOMMATEURS QUÉBÉCOIS À L’EGARD DES ALIMENTS -2e édition-. CIRANO, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/jgoa6889.

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La Politique bioalimentaire du gouvernement du Québec place les attentes des consommateurs et leur santé au cœur des priorités pour les prochaines années. Offrir des produits répondants aux besoins des consommateurs figure parmi les principales orientations définies pour atteindre les ambitions et les cibles de cette politique. Dans ce contexte, le Baromètre de la confiance des consommateurs québécois à l’égard des aliments du CIRANO est un outil important et très utile à la prise de décisions pour les différentes directions du ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec (MAPAQ), mais aussi pour l’ensemble des parties prenantes du secteur bioalimentaire. Réalisé sur une base régulière, le Baromètre permet de bien cerner les tendances et de tenir compte de l’évolution du contexte dans lequel les Québécoises et Québécois font des choix en matière d’alimentation. Comme c’était le cas de la première édition en 2019, le Baromètre de 2021 fournit des informations riches, opportunes et inédites sur un ensemble d’enjeux reliés au niveau de confiance des consommateurs à l’égard des aliments. Il permet aussi d’identifier des actions à privilégier pour le gouvernement, incluant des leviers pour augmenter la consommation d’aliments biologiques ou d’aliments du Québec, s’attaquer au gaspillage alimentaire ou encore encourager les pratiques d’affaires responsables comme le bienêtre animal ou le respect de l’environnement. Cette deuxième édition du Baromètre est fondée sur une enquête administrée du 8 au 11 février 2021 auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 1005 personnes. Le rapport présente des statistiques descriptives très détaillées, mais aussi les résultats d’analyses multivariées et tests statistiques afin de déterminer si les résultats varient significativement en fonction de certaines caractéristiques sociodémographiques des personnes interrogées comme le sexe, l’âge, la région de résidence, le revenu. Les analyses multivariées permettent aussi de déterminer si certains comportements, contextes, aptitudes ou attitudes ont un impact sur diverses variables d’intérêt, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Quelques faits saillants

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Catherine, Hugo. Étude comparative des services nationaux de données de recherche Facteurs de réussite. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52949/6.

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Ce travail a pour objectif de nourrir la réflexion en présentant un état des lieux de différents services nationaux de données. Il porte sur sept infrastructures de services qui se sont développées dans des contextes différents mais qui partagent un grand nombre de points communs, à commencer par offrir un accès à un service de données à l’ensemble des chercheurs, à l’échelle nationale. Que ce soit pour faciliter l’accès et le partage de l’information scientifique ou répondre aux exigences des bailleurs de fonds, les services nationaux de données qui font l’objet de cette étude se sont développés autour d’un noyau de fonctionnalités communes : - un service de dépôt, - un service d’archivage pérenne, - un service d’assistance et d’accompagnement à la gestion des données. La plupart d’entre eux ont aussi choisi de proposer un service de signalement et d’accès qui s’appuie soit sur un outil de découverte interne, soit sur un moteur de recherche fédérant l’accès à des données provenant de services externes à celles déposées dans leurs entrepôts. Fruit de projets au long cours, les services nationaux de données restent des initiatives plutôt récentes, l’une d’entre elles doit ouvrir ses services au début de l’année 2021. Compte tenu du contexte très dynamique qui voient se multiplier les projets d’entrepôts institutionnels, le “temps long” qui caractérise la mise en place de services nationaux incite les opérateurs à opter pour des solutions techniques et organisationnelles flexibles, de manière à pouvoir s’adapter à l’évolution des usages et des attentes des utilisateurs. Dès le stade du projet, la consultation des acteurs clés et représentatifs de la diversité des écosystèmes scientifiques s’avère incontournable pour construire l’offre de services au plus près des attentes des publics visés. Une fois le service mis en place, ce principe de co-construction prévaut tout autant : rôle déterminant des institutions partenaires au sein des comités consultatifs, appels à projets de service, implication des chercheurs pour développer de nouveaux outils (ex. retours exprimés par les utilisateurs, recueil des besoins, tests). De la même manière, les services de données inscrivent leur activité au sein de réseaux nationaux et internationaux, ce qui participe à définir et renforcer leur rôle. La majeure partie de ces infrastructures nationales s’appuie sur le financement structurel assuré par le ministère de la recherche ou un bailleur de fonds public. En s’appuyant sur la collaboration ou la fédération, l’objectif de ces initiatives nationales est aussi de réduire les coûts pour l’ensemble des partenaires. Ces économies d’échelle, l’évaluation continue des services, l'interopérabilité des outils avec les écosystèmes existants et la fiabilité des solutions techniques représentent des points d’attention déterminants pour l’ensemble de ces dispositifs car ils conditionnent leur pérennité.

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