Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Finland in literature"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Finland in literature".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Finland in literature"

1

Aerila, Juli-Anna. "Teaching mathematics with children’s literature in Finland." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjhss.v3i1.1821.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Hart, Kevin. "Finland." Antioch Review 64, no. 2 (2006): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4614982.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Bélinki, Karmela. "Shylock in Finland: the Jew in the literature of Finland 1900–1970." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 21, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2000): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69565.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Political and other ideological fluctuations have, generally speaking, had a peripheral impact on the literary portrayal of the Jews. The traces of Shakespeare’s Shylock, the archetypal literary image, can be followed both backward and forward in time, from the New Testament to contemporary fiction. The introvert Finnish culture has had other interesting implications&&There is practically no specific Finnish-Jewish literary archetype. The very few examples that Finnish literature offers, both in the positive and in the negative sense, have no particular national characteristics or individual personality, which would deviate from the general picture. They follow foreign modes, such as Isak, the Jew, in Sam Sihvo’s musical burlesque Jääkärin morsian (The Wife of the Jäger). Other Finnish authors in this category are Maila Talvio, who sympathized with Germany, and Olavi Paavolainen, who was a member of the Finnish modernist group Tulenkantajat (“torch carriers”). The virtually only lengthier descriptions of Finnish Jews can be traced to a pair of opposites, Hilja Haahti and Ester Ståhlberg. Haahti was a popular religious writer, who saw the conversion of the Jews to Christianity as the only solution to the Jewish problem. Ester Ståhlberg’s solution was a realisation of a Zionist homeland in Palestine. Post-WW II literature in Finland lacks a profound reaction against Hitler’s destruction of the Jews in Europe, but there are especially two writers, both Finland-Swedish women, to whom the Jews became an important theme, Mirjam Tuominen and Marianne Alopaeus.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Kantola, Janna. "‘Finland is not Europe, Finland is only Finland’. The Function of Funny Finns in Fiction." Orbis Litterarum 65, no. 6 (November 3, 2010): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0730.2009.00992.x.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Wikholm, Miikka, and Juli-Anna Aerila. "Teaching mathematics with children’s literature in Finland." International Journal of Learning and Teaching 8, no. 4 (October 31, 2016): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijlt.v8i4.1187.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The Finnish school system will transfer to the new Core Curriculum for Basic Education 2014 in 2016. The new curriculum emphasizes integration of subjects. In Finland, mathematics and the mother tongue are the two subjects which are taught the most and therefore play a significant role in every primary teacher’s weekly routine. Unlike English-speaking countries, Finland lacks children’s literature aimed towards use in mathematics teaching. This study aimed to understand teachers’ and teacher-trainees’ points of view on the extent to which they use children’s literature in teaching mathematics in primary school and how to efficiently use children’s literature in teaching mathematics in primary school. This study was a part of an international study entitled ‘Teachers’ beliefs on the integration of children’s literature in primary mathematics learning and teaching: A comparative study’, including universities from England, Hong Kong, Australia, and Finland. The aim was to determine teachers’ beliefs concerning integration of children’s literature into mathematics teaching and to the extent to which this benefits learning. Data collection was conducted via web-based questionnaires translated into Finnish from spring to autumn 2015. Mixed methods data analysis showed that teachers/teacher-trainees do not use children’s literature in mathematics teaching, but they still recognize various ways to implement it into their teaching. Previous studies on the use of literature in mathematics teaching show that children’s literature may provide a meaningful context to develop mathematical skills and foster children’s positive attitudes towards mathematics, as the stories in the literature are presented in an engaging and approachable manner.Keywords: mathematics, children’s literature, teaching
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Al Aboud, Daifullah, and Khalid Al Aboud. "Eponyms in dermatology literature linked to Finland." Our Dermatology Online 4, no. 2 (April 5, 2013): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20132.63.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Isomäki, Irmeli. "Documenting art in Finland." Art Libraries Journal 13, no. 1 (1988): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200005514.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Literature on Finnish art can be sought via the national bibliography and periodicals indexes and a bibliography of Finnish history; these bibliographies are available as databases as well as in printed form and on microfiche. A working party on art libraries is looking into ways of widening bibliographical control of art literature. The publications themselves, and unpublished information, can be found in libraries and archives of several kinds, from the Library of Helsinki University to the libraries and archives of colleges of art and architecture, museums, and artists’ associations. Many of these organisations are active in gathering and publishing information. The Fine Arts Academy of Finland administers the Art Musum of the Ateneum, Finland’s national gallery, and maintains extensive collections of visual resources, exhibition catalogues, periodicals, and press clippings.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Nye, Naomi Shihab. "Arabs in Finland." World Literature Today 88, no. 1 (2014): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2014.0079.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Naomi Shihab Nye. "Arabs in Finland." World Literature Today 88, no. 1 (2014): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.88.1.0052.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Ekholm, Laura, Simo Muir, and Oula Silvennoinen. "Linguistic, cultural and history-related studies on Jews in Finland: a look into the scholarship in the twenty-first century." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 27, no. 1 (June 27, 2016): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.67605.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
There has been a significant growth in volume and disciplines working on Jewish history and culture in Finland for the past fifteen years, yet no systematic overview of scholarly efforts have been available. This article aims to fill this gap. Our focus is on the disciplines of linguistics, cultural studies and history. Our overview covers monographs and articles that have appeared in academic publications since 2000, with a focus on Finland. Consequently we have left out Finnish research on Jews in other parts of the globe from our review. About half of the works introduced in this article have been published in Finnish and will now be briefly introduced to a wider Nordic scholarly community. The article consists of four parts. First we discuss Jewish studies and social history pursued in Finland. We then discuss studies focusing on antisemitism in Finland. The third part introduces the relevant literature on Finland’s role in the Second World War and its responsibility towards the conflict’s Jewish refugees and prisoners of war, after which studies on Finnish history culture and memory politics are presented. The final part presents biographies and general studies about the Jewish community in Finland.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Дисертації з теми "Finland in literature"

1

Buchwald, Eva. "Ideals of womanhood in the literature of Finland and Russia 1894-1914." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383585/.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
This study is a literary critical examination of the portrayal of woman in prose and drama, with reference to the themes of political and artistic rebirth which preoccupied writers in Finland and Russia at the turn of the century. The study falls into three sections, each of which represents an aspect of woman's metaphysical condition and for which I have used the categories Action, Voice,a nd Visibility. The first section assesses writers' approach to the issues raised by the woman question, and describes the cultivation of an ideal of politically active, nationally loyal womanhood in the image of the Madonna. The second section demonstrates that woman's silence, a dominant feature of her characterization, signifies both the danger of revolution and the prescription for her social integration. It also includes an analysis of the opportunities and consequences of self-expression for female characters and writers. The third section deals with the view of woman as an embodiment of artistic impulse, especially her idealization as muse, and addresses the issue of pornography in the representation of the female form. The comparison between the two literatures explores the respective national ambitions as well as the concept of the 'new woman'. The image of woman is influenced by contemporary theory of her nature and social function. The literatures contrast most notably in the relationship of the Madonna-like saviour to the political hero, and of the muse to the artist. In Russia, the historic mission of nation and artist is imbued with universal and eternal significance. In Finland, it relates to the immediate, localized ambitions of national selfdetermination. Woman is shown to have a central place in both countries in the process of political and artistic renewal. However, the ideal of womanhood plays upon preconceptions of femininity which preclude the notion of woman's equality and independence at the root of feminist thought. The limitations on woman's existence are observable in the elements of silence and pornography which affect her characterization, erasing her subjective identity and promoting her objectification.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Salomäki, Marika. "Folksagor i Sverige och Finland : Skillnader och likheter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384716.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Deelstra, Oetze Theodoor. "Stora författare från periferin : En jämförande studie mellan minoritetslitteratur från Friesland och Svenskfinland, med romanerna de fûke (1966) och Där vi en gång gått (2006) som utgångspunkt." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296226.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
This master’s thesis considers the differences between the minority literature from Friesland, a province in the northwest of the Netherlands, and that of the Swedish-speaking part of Finland. The author of this paper tries to draw attention to the literatures of those minorities, which often are not well-known outside their own regions. The main issue discussed in this paper is: How is minority culture problematized in the novels de fûke (1966) by the Frisian author Rink van der Velde and Där vi en gång gått (2006) by the Finland-Swedish author Kjell Westö? The Frisian population in the Netherlands is considered by many as a very old people, because famous writers of the Roman Empire, such as Pliny the Elder, wrote specifically about their region and its people. Despite this, the Frisian language has been in a peripheral situation for many centuries. The Swedish minority in Finland, on the contrary, is much younger. Finland gained autonomy in 1809 and before that time the region currently known as Finland, was the eastern part of the Kingdom of Sweden. This meant that Swedish was the predominant language until that year. Later on Finnish became the main language in Finland. However, both the Frisian and the Finland-Swedish literature were not established before the nineteenth century. This changed partially as a result of ideas of the Romanticism, but also because of historical reasons. By analyzing the previously mentioned novels, Oetze Deelstra shows how the minorities in both countries fare in opposite situations. The Swedish-speaking population has often been, and continues to be, examined as upper-class. On the other hand, in Frisia should a very old countryside culture has been preserved. Those ideas have been important in forming the images of both minorities. A noticeable distinction is that the Frisian literature is defined by language, while the Finland-Swedish literature is characterized by political and ideological arguments.
Dizze masterskripsje rjochtet him op de ferskillen tusken de literatuer fan Fryslân en dy fan de Sweedsktalige minderheid yn Finlân. De skriuwer fan dit wurk besiket op dy wize mear omtinken te freegjen foar de literatuer fan dizze minderheden, dy’t faak net sa bekend is bûten de eigen regio. De fraach dy’t sintraal stiet is: Op hokker wize wurdt stal jûn oan minderhedeproblematyk yn de romans de fûke (1966) fan de Fryske skriuwer Rink van der Velde en Där vi en gång gått (2006) fan de Finlânsweedske skriuwer Kjell Westö? Faak wurde de Friezen beskôge as in âld folk. Mooglik komt dat trochdat se al neamd wurde soene troch ferneamde skriuwers fan it Romeinske Ryk, lyk as Plinius de Aldere. Dochs hat it Frysk iuwenlang in net al te wichtige rol spile yn Fryslân en dêrbûten. De Sweedske minderheid yn Finlân is lykwols folle jonger. Finlân is pas sûnt 1809 autonoom en foar dy tiid wie dat wat wy hjoed-de-dei Finlân neame, it eastlike diel fan it Sweedske Ryk. Dat betsjut ek dat it Sweedsk oant doe ta de oerhearskjende taal wie. Letter waard it Finsk de wichtichste taal yn Finlân. Sawol de Fryske as de Finlânsweedske literatuer wiene lykwols net fêstige foar de njoggentjinde iuw. Dat feroaret pas yn de Romantyk, foar in diel fanwege de idealen út dy tiid, mar ek om politike redenen. Troch de earderneamde romans te analysearjen, lit Oetze Deelstra sjen hoe’t de minderheden fan beide lannen eins yn tsjinstelde situaasjes operearje. De Sweedsktalige befolking fan Finlân is faak, en wurdt no noch hieltyd, besjoen as de boppeklasse. Yn Fryslân soe oan ’e oare kant in iuwenâlde lanboutradysje bewarre bleaun wêze. Dizze opfettings hawwe wichtich west foar de byldfoarming fan beide minderheden. In opfallend ferskil is dat de Fryske literatuer fan de eigen taal út definiearre wurdt, wylst de Finlânsweedske literatuer karakterisearre wurdt troch politike en ideologyske útgongspunten.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Waltå, Göran O:son. "Poet under black banners : the case of Örnulf Tigerstedt and extreme right-wing Swedish literature in Finland 1918-1944." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-128441.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Waltå, Göran O:son. "Poet under black banners the case of Örnulf Tigerstedt and extreme right-wing Swedish literature in Finland, 1918-1944 /." Uppsala : Stockholm : [Uppsala universitet] ; Almqvist & Wiksell International, (distr.), 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29476101.html.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Lindkvist, Erik. "Svenskheten som en dröm : En postkolonial litteraturanalys av Miika Nousiainens roman Hallonbåtsflyktingen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60178.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
This study is a postcolonial literary analysis of Miika Nousiainen’s novel Hallonbåtsflyktingen from 2007. The aim is to analyse how Sweden and Finland, along with the Swedish and Finnish characters, are portrayed in the novel. Through a close norm-critical reading and with postcolonial theory as a basis, the content and characters in the novel have been analysed. The result shows that the Finnish characters are portrayed in stereotyped patterns and described in general forms. A dichotomy of “us” and “the others” is created in the novel. The Finnish characters and Finnish culture are described negatively and constantly contrasted with positive descriptions of Sweden and Swedes. If literature teaching in school gives pupils knowledge and skills in postcolonial reading of literature, they may learn to identify and analyse negative portrayals. This might makes it possible to break down their assumptions and prejudices, and instead they become critical individuals who act in a global context. By comparing how different nationalities and cultures are presented, pupils can potentially begin to reflect on themselves and their picture of the Other.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Waltå, Göran O:sson. "Poet under black banners : the case of Örnulf Tigerstedt and extreme right-wing Swedish literature in Finland 1918-1944 /." Stockholm : Almqvist och Wiksell, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35614494j.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Lilja, Eva. "Åttio år Edith Södergran. Verk och reception 1916–1995 – en bibliografi sammanställd av Carita Backman & Siv Storå. Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. Helsingfors1996." Uppsala : Svenska Litteratursällskapet, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201066.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Friberg, Leif. "Från sonett till drömtext : Gunnar Björlings väg mot modernismen." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för litteraturvetenskap och idéhistoria, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-310.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The subject of this dissertation is the Finland-Swedish author Gunnar Björling (1887-1960) and his journey towards Modernism. The principle thesis of this dissertation, the idea that Björling’s distinctive language cannot be understood without an underlying modernistic current, is outlined in Chapter I. It also discusses the idea that Modernism cannot be reduced to a matter of style, but encompasses particular values, ideological stances and practical matters, such as the forming of alliances, writing manifestos and publishing journals. Chapter II examines how and why Björling came to be regarded as a modernist. A strongly contributing factor was Björling’s language, which from the very first violated prevailing ideas on acceptable forms of expression. The fact that he published his first book through the modernist publishing firm Daimon, and contributed to its journal Ultra, further confirmed his modernistic placing. Chapter III focuses on Björling’s unpublished juvenilia from the 1910’s. The young Björling wrote traditional rhyming verse but was also influenced by writings of a more symbolistic and modern character. The chapter concludes with a study of bizarrerierna, Björling’s dream notes, originally written during the 1910’s but first published in 1928. With their bold enjambments and highly compressed form, these notes came to influence the continued development of his lyrical imagery. Chapter IV deals with his debut Vilande dag (Resting day) (1922) and its symbolistically coloured language problematic. Björling struggled to find a language that would convey his experience of the limitlessness of being, a language striving to transcend words, leaving space for silence. This struggle for the right words continues in the later Korset och löftet (The cross and the promise) (1925) and Chapter V demonstrates how this is connected with the quest for God. In the wake of German Expressionism and Dadaism, Björling adopts a more disjointed syntax and a bolder and more dissonant lyrical imagery. There also occurs a thematic expansion, giving greater prominence to the daily life of the metropolis, a life transformed by media. In accordance with modernistic patterns, Björling chose to end his book with a theoretical epilogue, which is a distinctive collation of life philosophy, anti-clericalism, passionate religiousness, moral-philosophical discussions and aesthetic expositions.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Richey, Camille Kathryn. "Finnishness and Colonization in Akseli Gallen-Kallela's Representations of Africa." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5571.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Akseli Gallen-Kallela is often discussed as the national painter of Finland, as one who helped define Finnishness when Finland was still a colonized area of Russia. However, his trip to Africa from 1909-1911 shows where Gallen-Kallela acts as a pictorial colonizer himself, not only sympathizing with the Africans but representing them through a European cosmopolitan lens, as purer and closer to nature, but still inferior. The assumptions inherent in his representations of Africa reveal that Gallen-Kallela is not only a colonized subject but a colonizer of his own country.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Книги з теми "Finland in literature"

1

McNair, Sylvia. Finland. New York: Children's Press, 1997.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Lee, Tan Chung. Finland. 2nd ed. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish, 2007.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Alan, James. Finland. Philadelphia, Pa: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Sia, Nicole. Finland. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers, 2006.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Sia, Nicole. Finland. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers, 2012.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Meichun, Zhong, and Meichun Zhong. Finland. Milwaukee, Wis: G. Stevens, 2001.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Laitinen, Kai. Literature of Finland: An outline. 2nd ed. Helsinki: Otava, 1994.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Phillips, Douglas A. Finland. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 2008.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Lee, Tan Chung. Finland. Milwaukee: Gareth Stevens Pub., 1998.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Bjener, Tamiko. Finland. Milwaukee: G. Stevens Pub., 1988.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Частини книг з теми "Finland in literature"

1

Laine, Tuija. "3.8. Catechism primers in Finland." In Children’s Literature, Culture, and Cognition, 165–76. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clcc.14.15lai.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Huttunen, Tomi, Marja Jänis, and Pekka Pesonen. "The Pendulum of Translating Russian Literature in Finland." In Translating Russian Literature in the Global Context, 67–82. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0340.04.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
This essay examines the translation and reception of Russian literature in Finland from the early nineteenth century until today. Our research suggests that bilateral contacts and common history with Russia have influenced Finnish translation decisions more than the evident European context of Russian literature. In Finland, relationship with Russia and attitudes to its culture have always been politicized by geographical proximity. Hostile relations have impacted translations, but during more friendly times, resurgent curiosity about Russian culture has sparked more intensive translation activities. Since the early days of Finnish literature, only a few intellectuals mastered their Eastern neighbour’s language or knew its culture well enough to translate Russian literature into Finnish. Consequently, translating Russian literature has been highly dependent on individual mediators, often with a transnational identity. At the same time, translations of Russian literature have, for Finns, been a means to interpret the Russian mentality and culture, and to analyse, forecast or evaluate the political tendencies in their larger neighbour.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Steinby, Liisa. "Swedish-Language Literature in Finland: From a National to a Minority Literature." In The Politics of Literary History, 359–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18724-7_21.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Kurikka, Kaisa. "Uncanny Spaces of Transformation: Fabulations of the Forest in Finland-Swedish Prose." In Contemporary Nordic Literature and Spatiality, 231–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23353-2_11.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Huldén, Niklas. "Gifts, Feasts, and the Surplus of Friendship: Practices in a Remembered Economy of Petty Trading." In Encounters and Practices of Petty Trade in Northern Europe, 1820–1960, 119–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98080-1_6.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
AbstractThe long tradition of barter trade between peasants, fishermen, and other inhabitants of Estonia and Finland established encounters over the Gulf of Finland. The petty trade was mutually beneficial as the parties could switch-trade their surplus means, exporting mainly salted herring from Finland and receiving grain products, mainly rye, from Estonia. The trade depended strongly on developing personal acquaintanceship with traders from the other side of the gulf. These formed a sort of partnership called sepra that could last for a season or even for years and decades. This chapter concentrates on the actual practices described during the trading encounters in this Finnish-Estonian arena, through writings, answers to questionnaires in archives, and literature.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Widhe, Olle. "Chapter 1. Translating living pictures." In Children’s Literature, Culture, and Cognition, 22–42. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clcc.17.01wid.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
This chapter analyzes the first known photographic picturebook for children published in Swedish, En barndomsdag. Sex bilder ur verkligheten (A childhood day. Six pictures from reality, 1879, original Ein Tag aus dem Kinderleben. Scenen nach dem Leben componirt, 1877) by M. Scherer and H. Engler. The photographic images in collotype were accompanied by a lyrical translation written by the well-established Fenno-Swedish author Zacharias Topelius, reassuring a success on the Swedish-speaking book market. The overarching aim of the chapter is to analyze the book’s visual and verbal interplay in light of the intermedial context surrounding its publication, as En barndomsdag not only was set to music and played both in Sweden and Finland, but also adopted into a theatrical performance in six tableaux, presenting a child’s life on stage accompanied by songs. This chapter therefore considers the interplay between the visual and verbal in En barndomsdag in its historical context and examines translation as an ekphrasis practice with ideological and aesthetical implications.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Korva, Saana, and Pikka-Maaria Laine. "Understanding Leadership in Educational Leadership Research in Finland." In Leadership in Educational Contexts in Finland, 103–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37604-7_6.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
AbstractThis systematic literature review focuses on previous academic research on leadership in the context of the Finnish education system for minors, including early childhood education and care through the secondary level. The aim is to examine how leadership is understood in the focal studies. This is accomplished by acknowledging the leadership concepts of the studies, identifying the locus of leadership in them and ontologically differentiating their understandings of collective. According to the results, leadership was mostly defined as a collective, social phenomenon in nature. Most of these studies drew from an entity-based ontology, meaning that collective forms of leadership were seen as different types of leadership the characteristics of which were studied. Only a few studies drew from process ontology examining collective to be constituted within a flow of relations. The results are discussed in light of international educational leadership research and from the perspective of leadership research approaches in management and organisation studies. Based on our study, we encourage the future research on educational leadership to draw from various ontoepistemological approaches to strengthen the understanding of educational leadership.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Salo, Petri, and Siv Saarukka. "In Quest of Principalship." In Leadership in Educational Contexts in Finland, 41–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37604-7_3.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
AbstractThe chapter uses a scoping literature review of Finnish school research to make sense of the task and practice of principalship in the Finnish educational context. The data consists of 20 doctoral dissertations from Finnish universities, year 2000 to 2020, in which acting and former principals study various aspects of their own professional practice.The study aims of conceptualizing and comprehending principalship using a two-step process of analysis, with two intertwined analytical frameworks. As a result, principalship is firstly described as consisting of three intertwined practices: being a principal, doing principalship and contextualising principalship. In the second step of the analysis, a framework consisting of two basic dimensions for situating the research interests in the dissertation is constructed. The first dimension consists of school leadership understood as an individual undertaking or as a shared, social and cultural practice. The second dimension either locates principalship in its organisational, cultural and operational context or focus on professional ambitions for strategic development or change. In summary, principalship consists of tasks and duties, capacities and leadership styles, or can be constructed as a contextual social practice, for enhancing collaborative school development.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Suoheimo, Mari, and Kaarina Määttä. "Service Design Thinking Method for Educational Leaders." In Leadership in Educational Contexts in Finland, 81–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37604-7_5.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
AbstractLeading educational work can be a challenge as it includes guiding many different stakeholder groups. This study presents the service design process used to develop a service mobile application aimed at supporting the work of school principals in Finnish Lapland. Design thinking and Double Diamond are co-creative processes used by service designers to approach problems. In these processes, users play a central role in co-designing the service together with the service designers and other relevant stakeholders. This chapter describes the design thinking and Double Diamond methods in more detail and suggests how they can be utilised in the field of educational leadership by using participatory approaches to deal with complex social issues. While design thinking has been implemented widely in management education, it has rarely been applied to educational leadership. However, schools can be viewed as services where several interactions take place and where value is co-created. This study investigates how service design thinking can be applied in educational leadership. The data are based on focus groups and a research diary with field notes. A detailed literature review on how service design has been utilised in educational leadership is also included.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Jauhiainen, Jussi S., and Miriam Tedeschi. "Introduction." In IMISCOE Research Series, 1–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68414-3_1.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
AbstractUndocumented Migrants and their Everyday Lives: The Case of Finland discusses the processes and practices through which migrants become undocumented; what their everyday lives consist of; which local, national, and international policies and practices affect them; and how they deal with them. In addition, the book reflects on how research on undocumented migrants can best be conducted using quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods, and reflects on research ethics and methodologies. The empirical focus of the book is Finland and, more broadly, the European Union (EU), but the themes connect to a broader geographical scope.The topic of irregular migration and undocumented migrants is becoming increasingly important in Europe. The book asks who these undocumented migrants are; what their everyday lives are like, what key issues concern them; and how the society regards them—particularly in Finland. Among the key themes addressed are the asylum processes and their failures; the housing, employment, and social networks of undocumented migrants; their migration journeys to, within, and beyond Finland; their healthcare; and their uses of the internet and social media. This introductory chapter outlines the book, describes the Finnish context, and reviews the literature concerning the emergence of the undocumented migrant phenomenon.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Finland in literature"

1

Mayadi, Mahira, Mohd Mahzan Awang, Abdul Razaq Ahmad, and Anuar Ahmad. "Curriculum of History Education in Malaysia, Finland and Republic of Turkey: A Comparative Literature Analysis." In THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & MULTI-ETHNIC SOCIETY. Padang: Redwhite Pres, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32698/gcs.0173.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Vostrov, Alexey V. "AN ENCHANTED ARCHIPELAGO: SWEDISH-LANGUAGE FINNISH LITERATURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY." In Second Scientific readings in memory of Professor V. P. Berkov. St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063568.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The article reviews the situation in Swedish-language Finnish literature, its trends and prospects of development. Starting from the Bakhtin’s complex of ideas, and from us vs. them and center vs. periphery concepts the article analyses the connections of the national minority literature with Finnish literature, and with neighboring Swedish literature that is kindred by language. Further, considering trends of Swedish-language Finnish literature development in the 20th century it infers that the Swedish-language cultural legacy reduced its influence on the Finnish society and literature, in particular, and diminished roles of contemporary writers in the all-Finnish literature process, thereby predetermining their peripheral position. In the conclusion the article discusses the prospects of Swedish-language Finnish literature development that directly depend on preservation of the official status of Swedish language in Finland.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Ismanto, Manggala. "Fear of Livelihood Disruption: Sapmi Indigenous People Respons to Arctic Infrastructure in Finland." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Language, Literature, Education and Culture, ICOLLEC 2021, 9-10 October 2021, Malang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-10-2021.2319673.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Hosseini, Zahra, and Sirkku Kotilainen. "THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION AS THE DRIVE FOR IMMIGRATION: A CASE STUDY IN FINLAND." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end083.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Recently many studies have remarked migration issues. Thus, in countries such as Finland, having a governmental strategy for increasing the number of migrants, especially educated immigrants or encouraging international students to stay, is highly important. While Finland is recognized as the happiest country, it would be arguable why it is not included in the list of top destination countries for immigration. The literature shows communication is one of the most issues for immigrants and international students, particularly those from Asian countries. Therefore, this study aims to understand how technology-based communication such as the use of social media influences international students' decision to immigrate. Respectively, 23 Iranian tertiary-level students were interviewed as the case of the study. Uses and Gratification theory was employed to investigate the role of media usage among the participants. The findings showed that although there is high desire among the participants to immigrate to Finland, the difficulty and unpopularity of the Finnish language and culture of distance in Finland reduces the motivation to emigrate and made the participants feel being the outsider in the university and society. The use of communication media has facilitated university admissions and communication with family, friends, compatriots and other international students, but has not been able to connect them to Finnish society. While educated immigrants in every country are human resources, the results of this study draw our attention to explore different aspects of communication, identifying motivating factors and reducing frustration among international students for immigration. These results emphasize on the development of strategies and tools for harnessing the potential of media and technology to connect international students as future educated immigrants in the host community.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

LOGHIN, Maria, Răzvan Cătălin DOBREA, and Cristian Alexandru ŞTEFĂNESCU. "SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROJECTS IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE IN THE NEW CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/05.05.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was one of the most debated concepts during time, with a variety of definitions. Starting with 2030 Agenda, launched by UN Summit in New York in 2015, CSR perception begin to have a common shape. This paper is a literature review and has the intention to describe the current approach in implementing CSR in Norway, Finland and Denmark. The article also emphasizes the weaknesses of each model analyzed based on the percentage of fulfillment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from 2030 Agenda. The article also gives a solution for this unprecedented triple crisis: economic, health and environmental.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Doronin, Andrey Mikhailovich. "Features of the Fight Against Smuggling Weapons and Subversive Literature on the Border with the Grand Duchy of Finland at the Beginning of XX Century." In АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ И ПУБЛИЧНОГО ПРАВА. Санкт-Петербург: Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал) ВГУЮ (РПА Минюста России), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47645/978-5-6044512-3-6_2020_1_71.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Adewale Olaleye, Sunday, and Esther Olubunmi Olaleye. "The human quest for wearable technologies for stable healthy lifestyle through self-measurement." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003621.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
One of the contenders of health care systems globally is hospital congestion since the emergence of the ravaging COVID-19. Hospital congestion is caused by a prolonged hospital stay and delayed discharge due to complicated health issues. The research domain of wearable technologies and well-being is growing, and many authors have contributed to the literature on wearable devices and well-being. However, there still needs to be more knowledge on how human factors affect a stable, healthy lifestyle while using wearable through self-measurement. This study utilized a 1000 sample size from Finland for descriptive and correlation analysis with SPSS version 28. The study results show wearable technology as a motivation for a stable human healthy lifestyle and offer managerial implications.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Liutkevicius, Markko, and Sadok Ben Yahia. "The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Job Seeking and Competence Development." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002260.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the public and private sectors create new opportunities worldwide. One of such domains where the elements of AI play a critical role are recommendation systems related to finding a new job and offering training suggestions. Based on current literature, only a few attempts are made to implement intelligent recommendation systems in public sector environments such as employment agencies. In this regard, the existing state-of-the-art models should be explored for creating AI-enabled e-services helping unemployed citizens to find suitable jobs or to receive training suggestions based on their profiles. While job recommendation and training suggestion is still a constantly evolving area of research, the task of the current study is to support this research domain by firstly mapping the state-of-the-art AI techniques used in the current job and training recommendation system research literature. Secondly, in collaboration with multiple stakeholders in the Estonian public sector and universities from Latvia and Finland to conceptualize citizen-centered public service architecture that uses AI and is accessible to every European citizen.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

ZHOROVA, Iryna, Serhiy DANYLYUK, and Olha KHUDENKO. "Civic education of students by means of literature: european experience." In Învățământul superior: tradiţii, valori, perspective. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/c.29-30-09-2023.p108-122.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The article reveals the theoretical and methodical aspects of students’ civic education by means of literature. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in the conditions of unstable development of society, escalation of conflicts both between states and between fellow citizens, the issue of students’ civic education is actualized. The authors understand this concept as a form of social education, the formation of a citizen of a specific state, capable of successfully acting for the sake of preserving democracy and peace. Currently, informal education, in addition to the content of “social and civic competencies” that is understandable for Ukrainian educators, uses the term “competencies for the culture of democracy”, which, according to the authors, is a structured concept implemented in the European dimension of civic education. The authors emphasize that fiction affects human feelings and consciousness, it is a powerful means of moral, aesthetic and civic education. Through artistic images, writers provide an opportunity to form their attitude to the events described, to draw certain conclusions, to reflect on universal values, on the actions of one or another character, to see models of civic active/passive behavior. The article analyzes the European experience of civic education, in particular Great Britain and Germany. The authors take into account the literature of these countries and identify aspects that can serve as a basis for students’ civic education, compare them with the Ukrainian realities of civic education. The authors present the main vectors of civic education in Germany, which are determined by the content of literary works and encourage pluralism of opinions, tolerance for the views and judgments of others, motivate students to actively participate in civic life, awareness of the value of freedom, respect for human dignity, the right to self-expression, responsibility for an individual’s moral choice. The works are also the basis for establishing in teenagers such democratic values as the right to life, to fair treatment, dignity, freedom from discrimination, the right to equality, understanding the need to protect one’s rights and the rights of other people.The analysis of content concepts of literature for pupils in Great Britain shows that the priorities of civic education are national patriotism and the education of a law-abiding citizen. The textual material of the works and civic education lessons help pupils to better understand different forms of governance and their impact on citizens; to understand the responsibility and functions of management and the duties of citizens; to acquire socio-cultural experience that gives the opportunity to feel morally, socially, politically, legally competent and protected in society and to take direct part in the activities of civil society institutions. In Finland, the basic democratic values of the national core curriculum are open democracy, equality, responsibility for one’s own choice. An important focus of education in Finnish high school is gaining experience in shaping the future based on joint decisions and interaction.Taking into account the global trends of digitization, the authors considered digital technologies to be educational innovations in students’ civic education (electronic textbooks (not just digitized, but interactive, with virtual 3D materials that teachers can compose at their discretion), textbook scans for download, various materials: interactive laboratories, virtual museums, forums for teachers to communicate, etc.).
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Saastamoinen, Kalle, Antti Rissanen, and Arto Mutanen. "INTELLIGENT LEARNING IN STUDYING AND PLANNING COURSES – NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR OFFICERS." In 5th International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education. Scientia Socialis Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2023.203.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
There were two projects at the National Defence University of Finland (NDU), which both ended by the end of 2022. One of them tried to find the answers to the main question: How artificial intelligence (AI) could be used to improve learning, teaching, and planning? The other tried to find the answer to the main question: What new skills do officers need when artificial intelligence is coming? We did literature reviews and found out that intelligent technology combined with data analytics can offer several improvements to traditional classroom teaching. From literature reviews, we also found some new skills that officers might need to be able to handle AI- based technologies. This is a position paper presenting the arguable opinions of the writers. We have found lots of benefits that the use of intelligent learning technology can bring, mainly by supporting individual learning paths. There is also an obvious need for AI officers who should have a deeper understanding of the AI-supported technology than normal officers. This project and some other similar projects have raised a lot of discussions, one seminar series about artificial intelligence and we do have some trained AI officers as well. Keywords: artificial intelligence, intelligent learning, supported studying, intelligent planning, characteristics of war
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Звіти організацій з теми "Finland in literature"

1

Wong Espejo, Andrei. Government Statistics and Measures of Wellbeing. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.029.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
A systematic literature review and coping exercise of datasets and data availability on the wellbeing of migrants, globally, but with a particular focus on Finland, India, Norway and the United Kingdom. This an output to inform further investigative research on the Displacement, Placemaking and Wellbeing in the City (DWELL) project, funded by ESRC.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Mäkelä, Antti, Tapio Tourula, Heikki Tuomenvirta, Pauli Jokinen, Terhi Laurila, Ari-Juhani Punkka, Minna Huuskonen, Tuomo Brgman, and Hannu Valta. Climate change impacts to the security of supply. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361645.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Serious disruptions and exceptional circumstances for society, that the society tries to prepare for and act in them are at the center of security of supply. Current examples are the COVID pandemic and the ongoing energy crisis for which Finland's security of supply has also been strongly highlighted. Disturbances can also be caused by weather phenomena: in Finland, such examples are windstorms, severe thunderstorms, floods, and droughts, which can, at least in principle, paralyze the society. It is possible to prepare for the impacts of weather phenomena, but the ongoing rapid climate change makes it more complicated. Some of the weather phenomena that cause impacts are fast and violent (e.g. intense thunderstorms) and some occur more slowly (e.g. long heat waves), and climate change affects the phenomena in different ways. In this work, the estimated impacts of climate change on Finland's security of supply were investigated. The starting point was to gain an understanding of which weather phenomena and weather situations are central to security of supply and which sectors of security of supply are the most vulnerable. The work constituted of workshops and expert interviews organized with the National Emergency Supply Agency. In addition to the interviews, the work covered past significant weather situations in Finland that are known to have had significant societal impacts. Information was also extracted from recent literature, especially regarding the vulnerabilities and adaptability of different sectors in Finland. Estimates of the climate change impacts on the identified phenomena were combined with the collected information, resulting in a first understanding of how climate change affects Finland's security of supply. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impacts of climate change on security of supply are quite complex, especially due to the wide spectrum of weather phenomena and their different impact mechanisms. In addition, the matter becomes more complicated by the fact that there is no clear distinction of what weather phenomenon actually is critical to security of supply and what is not. For example, could the increasing adverse impacts on health care due to the increasingly common heat conditions reach a serious societal disturbance situation at some point, if it is not sufficiently prepared in advance? Another key result is that in terms of security of supply, the direct effects of climate change are very small in Finland compared to many other countries. Although the climate in Finland has already changed considerably and will continue to change in the future, the biggest impacts to security of supply seem to be reflected from elsewhere: the experts of the National Emergency Supply Agency consider the worst situation to be a lack of food, water and habitable living environment in the world, which would also be reflected to Finland. Among the sectors, food/water and energy supply and logistics are perceived as the most vulnerable. The work mainly focused on the direct effects of climate change, i.e. the effects of climate change on the occurrence of various weather phenomena. However, the work also considers to some extent indirect effects, i.e. those reflected from other parts of the world, and transitional effects that result from climate change mitigation measures, especially from the rapid energy transition.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Plumhans, Laure-Anne, Elke Dall, and Klaus Schuch. Study on Austrian actors, networks and activities in the field of science diplomacy. Bringing Austrian science diplomacy to the next step: Challenges, state of play and recommendations. ZSI - Centre for Social Innovation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.527.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
This study examines science diplomacy in Austria. ZSI was commissioned by the BMBWF between February and September 2021 to research how science diplomacy is currently understood and implemented and how the concept can be better anchored and promoted in Austria. Using literature and desktop research, an online survey, interviews and a focus group, this report answers the following key questions: how does the Austrian science diplomacy ecosystem looks like, who are its actors, what are the challenges and how could they be addressed? The complex task of presenting the current practical implementation of science diplomacy was carried out in this study in a survey that includes more than 150 actors and ranks them according to their importance in the system. Interviews with representatives of these organizations revealed that the term is well known. The actors note that they are already carrying out activities in the direction, and are also interested in intensifying this. However, there are concerns about using the term without a specific context. Accordingly, the concept is often not explicitly mentioned in institutional presentations and activities, and practices are often in other contexts. Furthermore, actors in the system are of course aware of each other, but there is no exchange on the topic of science diplomacy in particular. The corresponding (explicit) competencies and financial resources are lacking. This study also includes case studies that look at other countries' approaches: Perspectives from Japan, Finland, and Switzerland on science diplomacy are described. These and outstanding practices from other countries, as well as interviews and findings from a focus group with Austrian stakeholders, inspire five recommendations that conclude the report.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Kyllönen, Katriina, Karri Saarnio, Ulla Makkonen, and Heidi Hellén. Verification of the validity of air quality measurements related to the Directive 2004/107/EC in 2019-2020 (DIRME2019). Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361256.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
This project summarizes the results from 2000–2020and evaluates the trueness andthequality control (QC) procedures of the ongoing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)and trace element measurements in Finlandrelating to Air Quality (AQ) Directive 2004/107/EC. The evaluation was focused on benzo(a)pyrene and other PAH compounds as well as arsenic, cadmium and nickel in PM10and deposition. Additionally, it included lead and other metals in PM10and deposition, gaseous mercury and mercury deposition, andbriefly other specificAQ measurements such as volatile organic compounds (VOC)and PM2.5chemical composition. This project was conducted by the National Reference Laboratory on air quality and thiswas the first time these measurements were assessed. A major part of the project was field and laboratory audits of the ongoing PAH and metal measurements. Other measurements were briefly evaluated through interviews and available literature. In addition, the national AQ database, the expertise of local measurement networks and related publications were utilised. In total, all theseven measurement networks performing PAH and metal measurements in 2019–2020took part in the audits. Eleven stations were audited while these measurements are performed at 22 AQ stations in Finland. For the large networks, one station was chosen to represent the performance of the network. The audits included also six laboratories performing the analysis of the collected samples. The audits revealed the compliance of the measurements with the AQ Decree 113/2017, Directive 2004/107/EC and Standards of the European Committee for Standardization(CEN). In addition, general information of the measurements, instruments and quality control procedures were gained. The results of the laboratory audits were confidential,but this report includes general findings, and the measurement networks were informed on the audit results with the permission of the participating laboratories. As a conclusion, the measurementmethodsusedwere mainly reference methods. Currently, all sampling methods were reference methods; however, before 2018 three networks used other methods that may have underestimated concentrations. Regarding these measurements, it should be noted the results are notcomparable with the reference method. Laboratory methods were reference methods excluding two cases, where the first was considered an acceptable equivalent method. For the other, a change to a reference method was strongly recommended and this realized in 2020. For some new measurements, the ongoing QC procedures were not yet fully established, and advice were given. Some networks used consultant for calibration and maintenance, and thus theywere not fully aware of the QC procedures. EN Standards were mostly followed. Main concerns were related to the checks of flow and calculation of measurement uncertainty, and suggestions for improvement were given. When the measurement networks implement the recommendations given inthe audits, it can be concluded that the EN Standards are adequately followed in the networks. In the ongoing sampling, clear factors risking the trueness of the result were not found. This applies also for the laboratory analyses in 2020. One network had concentrations above the target value, and theindicative measurementsshould be updated to fixed measurements.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!

До бібліографії