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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 26 липня 2024

Оновлено: 27 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Finance, United States, 1923"

Taylor, Alan M., and Janine L. F. Wilson. "International trade and finance: Complementaries in the United Kingdom 1870–1913 and the United States 1920–1930." Journal of International Money and Finance 30, no. 1 (February 2011): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2010.10.002.

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Saez, Emmanuel, and Gabriel Zucman. "Wealth Inequality in the United States since 1913: Evidence from Capitalized Income Tax Data *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 519–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw004.

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Abstract This paper combines income tax returns with macroeconomic household balance sheets to estimate the distribution of wealth in the United States since 1913. We estimate wealth by capitalizing the incomes reported by individual taxpayers, accounting for assets that do not generate taxable income. We successfully test our capitalization method in three micro datasets where we can observe both income and wealth: the Survey of Consumer Finance, linked estate and income tax returns, and foundations’ tax records. We find that wealth concentration was high in the beginning of the twentieth century, fell from 1929 to 1978, and has continuously increased since then. The top 0.1% wealth share has risen from 7% in 1978 to 22% in 2012, a level almost as high as in 1929. Top wealth-holders are younger today than in the 1960s and earn a higher fraction of the economy’s labor income. The bottom 90% wealth share first increased up to the mid-1980s and then steadily declined. The increase in wealth inequality in recent decades is due to the upsurge of top incomes combined with an increase in saving rate inequality. We explain how our findings can be reconciled with Survey of Consumer Finances and estate tax data.

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Edmunds, John C., and Mark F. Lapham. "A Century of Instability in Housing Finance in the United States." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 2, no. 2 (November 25, 2016): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v2n2p360.

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<em>The U.S. housing sector, including housing starts, house purchasing, and the institutions involved in financing house purchases, has been unstable for most of the past century. We divide the years since 1920 into periods and study the instability for each period. We found that there was no Golden Age of stability in the sector. Instead, the time intervals that we studied were each characterized by metrics of instability that were equal within a reasonable margin of error. These results imply that the U.S. has built a stock of housing and has succeeded in making home ownership an attainable dream, but that accomplishment is overshadowed by the frequent booms and busts. In a second paper we intend to examine the effects on economic growth and recessions that have been associated with the instability in the housing sector. The social costs of instability have been large, and our estimate will be intended to provoke debate and further research.</em>

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Olney, Martha L. "Credit as a Production-Smoothing Device: The Case of Automobiles, 1913–1938." Journal of Economic History 49, no. 2 (June 1989): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700008007.

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Credit financing of automobile sales and dealer inventories was provided primarily by hundreds of sales finance companies in the interwar United States. The few finance companies tied to auto manufacturers wrote 90 percent of credit business. Manufacturers initially established finance companies not to bolster retail sales but to finance dealers' wholesale inventory so manufacturers could lower average costs by smoothing seasonal production patterns. Moreover, until the Justice Department intervened, manufacturers apparently illegally coerced franchised dealers into using the manufacturer's preferred finance company rather than an independent.

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Shiells, Martha Ellen. "Collective Choice of Working Conditions: Hours in British and U.S. Iron and Steel, 1890–1923." Journal of Economic History 50, no. 2 (June 1990): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700036500.

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Twelve-hour days persisted in British and U.S. iron and steel after most industrial workers worked eight-hour days. When shorter hours finally came, sooner in Britain, they came abruptly. This article presents a model of working hours as public goods; when job attributes are shared there is a collective choice problem. In Britain, a collective bargaining mechanism reconciled the preferences of workers and capital owners and facilitated the move to shorter hours. In the United States immigrants had been willing to work long hours. When immigration was cut off, the government intervened.

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Hoag, Christopher. "Clearinghouse loan certificates as interbank loans in the United States, 1860–1913." Financial History Review 23, no. 3 (December 2016): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565016000196.

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Before the founding of the Federal Reserve, bank clearinghouse associations served as an emergency lending facility during the National Bank Era (1863–1913). This article clarifies the operation of clearinghouse loan certificates during panic periods. If clearinghouse loan certificates do not circulate among the general public, then they bear similarities to interbank loans among clearinghouse member banks. In general, the central clearinghouse organization does not act alone as a lender of last resort to make loans from the central clearinghouse to individual member banks.

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Butkiewicz, James L., and Mihaela Solcan. "The original Operation Twist: the War Finance Corporation's war bond purchases, 1918–1920." Financial History Review 23, no. 1 (April 2016): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565016000068.

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In 1918 the United States Treasury delegated to the War Finance Corporation, a newly created off-budget federal agency, the task of buying Liberty bonds and later Victory notes in an effort to stabilize prices. Bayesian vector autoregression analysis of the security purchases indicates that the WFC purchases provided statistically significant price support, and marginally lowered bond yields while the program operated. Once WFC purchases ended, war bond yields increased substantially. Between bond issues, the Treasury financed its operations, including security purchases from the WFC, by issuing short-term debt, which affected the money market interest rate. The WFC's bond purchases are found to have a positive and significant impact on the call loan rate. Thus the WFC's bond purchases twisted the yield curve.

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Kohl, Sebastian. "The Power of Institutional Legacies: How Nineteenth Century Housing Associations Shaped Twentieth Century Housing Regime Differences between Germany and the United States." European Journal of Sociology 56, no. 2 (August 2015): 271–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975615000132.

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AbstractComparative welfare and production regime literature has so far neglected the considerable cross-country differences in the sphere of housing. The United States became a country of homeowners living in cities of single-family houses in the twentieth century. Its housing policy was focused on supporting private mortgage indebtedness with only residual public housing. Germany, on the contrary, remained a tenant-dominated country with cities of multi-unit buildings. Its housing policy has been focused on construction subsidies to non-profit housing associations and incentives for savings earmarked for financing housing. The article claims that these differences are the outcome of different housing institutions that had already emerged in the nineteenth century. Germany developed non-profit housing associations and financed housing through mortgage banks, both privileging the construction of rental apartments. In the United States, savings and loan associations favored mortgages for owner-occupied, single-family house construction. When governments intervened during housing crises in the 1920/1930s, they aimed their subsidies at these existing institutions. Thus, US housing policy became finance-biased in favor of savings and loan associations, while Germany supported the housing cooperatives.

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Misiuna, Jan. "Zarys historii regulacji finansowania kampanii wyborczych w USA." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 1 (November 29, 2011): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2011.1.8.

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The article presents the history of the US campaign finance law. It describes acts passed by the Congress, starting from the Tillman Act of 1907, followed among others by Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 and finished with McCain-Feingold Act of 2002. There are also described the most important decisions of the US Supreme Court related to the campaign finance including Newberry vs. United States (256 U. S. 232 (1921)), Buckley v. Valeo (424 U. S. 1 (1976)), McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (540 U. S. 93 (2003)) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (130 S. Ct. 876 (2010)) of 2010. The paper also how has changed the attitude of the Supreme Court towards campaign finance regulation The article also recalls the historical events, such as Teapot Dome Scandal and Watergate, that were important stimuli for passing new law by the Congress. The background of the Supreme Court decisions is also provided.

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Duran, Xavier, and Marcelo Bucheli. "Holding Up the Empire: Colombia, American Oil Interests, and the 1921 Urrutia-Thomson Treaty." Journal of Economic History 77, no. 1 (February 21, 2017): 251–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050717000055.

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Why did the United States subsidize American multinationals' entry into countries treated as informal colonies? We study a classic case of American imperialism, the 1903 U.S. support of Panama's secession from Colombia and subsequent U.S. payment of the 1921 reparations that opened Colombia's oil fields to Standard Oil. We test Noel Maurer's (2013) empire trap hypothesis quantitatively. Archival and econometric evidence documents Colombia's threat to Standard Oil's sunk investment, which induced the multinational to build a supermajority coalition in the U.S. Senate to back a reparations treaty. Results support the empire trap hypothesis but point out important qualifications.

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Дисертації з теми "Finance, United States, 1923"

Parraguez-Camus, Carla Fernanda. "Evaluating the injuries of neoliberalism in Chile, 1973-2015." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7928/.

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This study of the neoliberal experiment in Chile from 1973 to 2015 uses the social harm approach. It offers an alternative evaluation of the benefits and harms of the experiment, the ways in which Chileans understand its consequences and where the legitimacy of the model unravels. The study refines the conceptualisation and measurement of social harm, marrying the notion of harm with the Marxist theory of contradictions. The research design is multimethod, incorporating analysis of 59 semi-structure interviews with secondary quantitative data. The study captures and describes not only a wide array of harms and injuries in the reconfiguration of social dynamics under neoliberalism, but also investigates how these harms have been justified and challenged over time. The study finds that there are areas in which the model has brought benefits to Chileans, but these benefits are flawed. The study critiques the neoliberal conceptualisation of harms as the 'price worth paying' for social prosperity. It concludes that the 'winners' of the model are very few, while those harmed populate the Chilean social structure from top to bottom. This study argues for a normative scenario to move toward a less harmful society.

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Brudvig, Jon Larsen. "Bridging the cultural divide: American Indians at Hampton Institute, 1878-1923." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593092093.

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Knoll, Joanna G. "Highway Finance in the United States: An Empirical Model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9734.

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This thesis seeks to construct an empirical model of highway finance in the United States, and in particular, to examine the relationship between highway-user revenues and highway spending. It provides a general overview of the current highway system, including the federal-aid highway program, and the flow of highway funds between different levels of government. It also examines issues relating to highway-user revenues. A review of the literature failed to provide any "standard" model of highway spending and no previous studies of spending across all levels of government. Using data from the 50 states and the District of Columbia over the three-year period 1998-2000, regressions were run on the dollars spent on highways in each state from all levels of government. The independent variables included highway-user revenues (as defined by the Federal Highway Administration) in each state from all levels of government, lane-miles, daily vehicle-miles of traffic, land area, percent of land area classified as urban, population, gross state product, annual average wage, percent of traffic consisting of trucks, and average winter temperature. OLS estimates using the classical linear regression model were found to be unreliable, and attempts at using a growth rate model provided poor overall fit. Opportunities for future research are identified, as this is an important issue that should be of interest in public policy decision-making.
Master of Arts

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Van, de Velden Aster. "Strategic implications of bankruptcy for airlines." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81240.

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In the wake of September 11, 2001 events, most western airlines find themselves in financial difficulties. In their struggle to stay in the sky, many airlines look for pro-active tools and fitting strategies. The primary focus of this thesis is to discuss the unique characters of the airline business, particularly, within the context of US bankruptcy reorganization law (Chapter 11). After identifying primary competing interests in this perspective, the hypothesis explored is that Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization provides a forum that may uniquely address any of the specific needs of the different key players, if invoked strategically. The corporate strategy of "facilitated survival" as provided for within the context of US bankruptcy law is definitely worthwhile for the airline industry to take note of.

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Wallace, Thomas Henry. "Capital constraints to the acquisition of new technology by small business in high technology industries." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30347.

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Davis, Michael Andrew Carey Anthony Gene. "In remembrance Confederate funerary monuments in Alabama and resistance to reconciliation, 1884-1923 /." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/History/Thesis/Davis_Michael_44.pdf.

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Sheridan, Michael Dale. "The Case for Campaign Finance Reform in the United States." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595054.

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Campaign finance laws in the United States have changed dramatically over the last thirty years. These changes are largely due to laws passed by Congress and decisions from the Supreme Court. Two major laws that determined the course of the laws were the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, and the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002. These laws outline how campaigns were required to run. In addition to laws passed by Congress, decisions from the Supreme Court have dramatically changed the scope of electioneering. Buckley v Valeo, decided in 1976, and Citizens United v FEC, decided in 2010, both brought major changes to elections, ranging from disclosure requirements to the creation of SuperPACs. These decisions, paired with the laws passed by Congress set the stage for a campaigning system that many see as in dire need of reform.

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Khemmarat, Khemrutai. "Community characterisitcs and industrial toxic releases in the United States." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/565/.

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This thesis explores the empirical relationship between community characteristics and the amount of chemical releases from local industrial facilities for all 50 states of the US. We concentrate primarily on the effects of ethnic composition and the degree of ethnic diversity within a community. The effect of ethnic composition is captured by the share of each ethnic group within a community. The degree of ethnic diversity is measured by two indices: the fractionalization and polarization index. Our empirical results provide a number of interesting findings. First, there is inconsistent evidence in support of the effect of ethnic composition on chemical releases in 1991-1995 at the zip code level. However, we find that the amount of releases is related with the potential of a community’s collective action to pressurize polluters. Second, we show that local facilities’ environmental performance is not only influenced by the ethnic composition of a community but also by the ethnic diversity of local residents. We argue that ethnic heterogeneity makes it more difficult for members of a community to cooperate and instigate a collective action to protest local polluting facilities. Our estimated results confirm that chemical releases during the period of 1991-1995 increase in a more ethnically diverse communities. Third, our results suggest that differences in toxicity among chemicals should be taken into account when investigating the effect of community characteristics on chemical releases from local facilities. Our findings also confirm the effects of ethnic composition and ethnic diversity in determining chemical releases in 2001-2005 at a county level. However, such findings are subject to regional differences and the choice of chemicals included in the analysis.

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Pituch, William G. "Participating in the world : select American press coverage of United States internationalism, 1918-1923." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/845.

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Cain, Cameron J. "Panic Attack: A Comparative Analysis of United States Bank Panics." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/393.

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Through-out the history of the United States, there have been many bank panics starting with the first one in 1819. I use important data from bank panics which happened prior to 1934 to shed light on the most recent Panic of 2007. This data analysis will not only be important to explain the Panic of 2007, but will be essential to help provide insights to what can be done to remedy the situation. Even in 2012, the United States is still feeling the impact of what happened in 2007. Therefore by understanding history and analyzing the past, solutions to prevent future panics can be implemented.

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Книги з теми "Finance, United States, 1923"

Taylor, Alan M. International trade and finance under the two hegemons: Complementaries in the United Kingdom 1870-1913 and the United States 1920-30. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Pullen, William George. World War debts and United States foreign policy, 1919-1929. New York: Garland, 1987.

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Larry, Schweikart, ed. Banking and finance, 1913-1989. New York: Facts on File, 1990.

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1949-, Eggert Jan A., and Gornall John L, eds. Handbuch USA-Geschäft. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 1989.

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Bruce, Neil. Public finance and the American economy. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1998.

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Bruce, Neil. Public finance and the American economy. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2001.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Establishing the Social Security Administration as an independent agency: Hearing before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, September 14, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Currencies and politics in the United States, Germany, and Japan. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1994.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations and Nutrition. U.S. Department of Agriculture research and extension priorities: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Department Operations and Nutrition of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, March 25, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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Частини книг з теми "Finance, United States, 1923"

Schwartz, Alex F. "Housing Finance." In Housing Policy in the United States, 59–100. 4th ed. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge Books, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003097501-3.

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Metcalf, Andrew M., and Isam Salah. "United States: Progress and Challenges." In The Islamic Finance Handbook, 547–58. Solaris South Tower, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118936863.ch33.

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Girasa, Roy. "Corporate Governance in the United States." In Corporate Governance and Finance Law, 41–95. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137345431_2.

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Goud, Blake, and M. Kabir Hassan. "Islamic Finance in the United States." In Islamic Capital Markets, 279–306. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119206040.ch14.

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King, Desmond. "Sources of Local Finance in the United States." In Local Government Finance, 84–115. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003514367-5.

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Ashford, Norman, and Clifton A. Moore. "Financing Airports in Various Countries Other than the United States." In Airport Finance, 56–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0686-4_3.

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van Zon, Hans. "The United States: Casino Capitalism Unleashed." In Globalized Finance and Varieties of Capitalism, 5–31. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137560278_2.

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Balouziyeh, John M. B. "Accounting and Finance." In A Legal Guide to United States Business Organizations, 21–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37907-9_3.

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OPAR, JOHN L. "Shari'ah-Compliant Real Estate Investment in the United States." In Contemporary Islamic Finance, 323–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118653814.ch21.

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Lerner, Ralph E. "Art and Taxation in the United States." In Fine Art and High Finance, 211–48. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119204688.ch9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Finance, United States, 1923"

Öztürk, Serdar, Ali Sözdemir, and Özlem Ülger. "The Global Economic Crisis and its Effects on the Monetary Policy of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00536.

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Capitalism has faced the most severe and the longest crisis since 1929. Resource of the emerging financial crisis in the second half of 2007 was mortgage crisis that experienced in the United States. The collapse of housing market has caused great instability in the financial markets and then turned into the strong liquidity crisis and spread all over the world. The impact of global economic crisis on the world economies in the last quarter of 2008 was very fast and it occured in a devastating way. In this process, the asset prices declined, capital of financial institutions seriously damaged and this caused bankruptcy of many large financial organizations such as Lehman Brothers. In this context, the growth rates in the world fell down quickly, external demand contraction and global export decreased. At this point, developed countries applied large scale financial incentive packages. Especially, the Central Banks of developed countries have provided exceptional levels of liquidity that is used as a monetary policy tool by taking the risk of deterioration of their balance sheets. During this period, as a result of these policies followed by money and finance authorities have changed only the shape of global crisis and as a result the financial crisis has turned into a debt crisis. The effects of Global Economic Crisis on the Turkish economy emerged prominently in the last quarter of 2008. However, in comparison with many European countries, it is clear that all dynamics have became more favourable for Turkey after 2010.

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McKenzie, John. "The Educational Tracks of "The Making Statistics More effective in Schools of Business" Conferences." In Proceedings of the First Scientific Meeting of the IASE. International Association for Statistical Education, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.93205.

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Statistical instruction is, and has always been, an important component of both graduate and undergraduate business schools in the United States. Most of these schools require at least one course in applied statistics. In the middle of the 1980s a small group of faculty members felt that there was a need to examine the content and delivery of such courses (and the use of statistics) at their schools. These concerned faculty members organized a conference at the University of Chicago in 1986 to discuss these issues. Based upon the success of the first conference, there now have been seven additional annual "Making Statistics More Effective in Schools of Business" (MSMESB) conferences. The last conference was held at the University of Minnesota. From the first conference that included workshops on industry perspectives on the curriculum; the basic statistics course; quality control, quality and productivity improvement, and accounting, finance, marketing, production, and other areas in business schools, there has always been an educational track at these conferences. The 1993 teaching and curriculum track had workshops on learning styles, improving students' writing and oral presentation skills, cooperative learning, and field projects. In this report the author, who is a member of the conference's planning committee, describes and summarizes all of the educational tracks of these eight conferences. In addition, he discusses the impact of these conferences on statistical education at business schools. He mentions the numerous benefits from attending such conferences for any group of statisticians. Finally, he reports on the plans for the 1994 conference to be hosted by Rutgers University.

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Yang, Minghan. "The Analysis of Inflation in the United States Under Global Crises Based on Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index Data From 2019." In The 6th International Conference on Management, Economics and Finance. Acavent, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/6th.icmef.2023.03.005.

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Kol, Emre. "Dimensions of Health Tourism in Turkey." In 2nd International Conference on Business, Management and Finance. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icbmf.2019.11.767.

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Recently, many people in various countries have preferred private healthcare organizations in Turkey for treatment. The most important reason for this situation is that medical operations performed with modern techniques in source countries are also performed in Turkey and at affordable prices. Because of the low cost, high quality, and technology standards, foreign patients prefer Turkish health institutions in almost every field such as plastic and aesthetic surgery, hair transplantation, eye surgery, in vitro fertilization, open-heart surgery, dermatological diseases, checkups, cancer treatments, otorhinolaryngology, dialysis, cardiovascular surgery, gynecology, neurosurgery, orthopedics, dentistry, spa, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation. The 2013 report of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) states that the number of international patients in Turkey has increased in recent years but is still behind the numbers of patients traveling for treatment purposes around the world. Important achievements, particularly in the fields of transplantation, genetic testing, eye surgery, cardiology, orthopedics, plastic surgery, and dentistry, bring Turkey to the forefront of health tourism. This study emphasizes the economic dimensions of health tourism by discussing the improvement of health tourism in Turkey. Advantages, disadvantages, and future opportunities for health tourism in Turkey are examined in terms of diversification of the country’s tourism, economic dimensions, and alternative tourism opportunities. In this context, the study mentions the notion of health tourism, boosting health tourism around the world and in Turkey, and the place and economic dimension of Turkey within world health tourism.

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Toprak, Nuri Gökhan. "From Embargo to Blockade: An Evaluation of the United States Sanctions against Iran in the Context of the Use of Economic Impact Tools in Foreign Poli." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02219.

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The concept of influence can be defined as a tool of international actors, a form of power, the ability to overcome obstacles in order to achieve different purposes or the desired result in the process of power relations established between actors in international politics. According to the approach that aims to reach the concept of influence as the desired result, in the process of setting up influence states try to influence each other through different methods and tools in which can be used through states’ own capacities. In addition to political and military tools, economic impact tools related to the field of foreign trade and finance are frequently used today. Economic impact tools, such as external aid, which may be positive or rewarding, may also be negative or punitive in a range from the boycott to the blockade. The study aims to provide a qualitative assessment of the United States' (US) economic sanctions against Iran in the context of the use of economic impact tools in international politics. In order to achieve this aim, 12 executive orders issued by the US on the grounds that Iran poses a threat to its national security, foreign policy and economy will be examined. In the conclusion of the study, the assumption that the US sanctions against Iran almost for 40 years has become a multilateral structure such as commercial and financial blockade from a structure related to bilateral relations such as boycott and embargo will be tested.

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Kochkarov, Ruslan, and Zulfiya Chochueva. "Legal mechanisms for countering the financing of terrorism." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.iyia7043.

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The financing of terrorism, as an illegal criminal act, was first proposed at the international level in the United Nations Declaration of 1994. The idea was further developed in United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 1373 adopted in 2001. This document obliged all member states of the UN Security Council to introduce into their criminal legislation norms governing prosecution for activities related to the provision or collection of funds to finance terrorism. This study aims to analyze the corpus delicti of terrorist financing and investigate the need to introduce this article into the legislation of the Russian Federation. Modern times are characterized by the high growth of terrorist crimes, involvement in terrorist groups, and financing this criminal activity. The problem of combating terrorism is international. Countering this phenomenon and strengthening international cooperation to maintain the rule of law and legal order has been relevant for the past few decades. The authors of the research work consider the obligations of the Russian Federation arising from the requirements of the international community and the international legal framework. International cooperation allowed to establish the official recognition of the financing of terrorism at the legislative level as criminal and punishable.

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Toepler, David Richard, and Nathan Leightner. "MSV(L): Continuing the Legacy of Army Waterborne Capability." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2021-113.

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The United States Army operates several classes of landing craft, which provide combatant commanders with waterborne maneuver capabilities essential for accomplishing a range of critical missions unique to the Army. These missions involve transport of personnel, cargo, and equipment from advanced bases and large sealift ships to ports, inland riverine regions, as well as remote undeveloped coastlines and beaches. Recognizing the significant roles these vessels play and will continue to play in achieving Army objectives, Army leadership allocated funding to design and build a new class of high performance landing craft: Maneuver Support Vessel (Light) (MSV(L)). The primary mission of MSV(L) is to conduct movement and maneuver of combat-configured Brigade Combat Team force elements such as one M1A2 main battle tank, or two Stryker vehicles, or four Joint Light Tactical Vehicles, each with its crew. MSV(L) will have beaching capability and be able to operate at speeds significantly in excess of any current Army landing craft. The Army Watercraft Systems organization was tasked with overseeing development of requirements and specifications, source selection and acquisition, along with contract, finance, and engineering management of the MSV(L) Program. A contract to develop the detailed design and build a series of vessels was awarded in September 2017. Launch of the initial vessel is planned during the fourth quarter of 2021.

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Durusoy, Serap. "Destructive mid- and long-term Side Effect of the Crisis: Rising Protectionism." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00636.

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Finance based crisis with its effect felt in the second quarter of 2007 has acquired global characteristics, and taken held of many countries. Global crisis not only has worn down constructive opinions regarding global capitalism, which played an important role in shaping the 20 th, but it has also discredited market economies. Thus, in many countries, including the United States of America, public rescue package implementations have lead to more desirable state interventions.On the other hand, economic activities in the global arena following the crisis slowed down and it became more difficult for financial structures to exist, and reduction in global trade movements were observed.This situation has lead for countries to include protective policies against the crisis as well. In study, protective studies will be addresssed, which wear down the globalization acting as a descriptive property of both experimental and normative reality in the definition of the process we are currently experiencing. As the economic problems gradually increase, the kind of shapes trade constrictions and protective instincts illustrate themselves and possible results of this will be examined on a country basis (EURASİAN, USA, EU, OECD). Expecially, it will be examined whether protectionism is the right solition policy against the crisis on not, and then the degree of the effect of this policy in the drop experienced in the recent months in international trade will be addressed. Lastly, the type of measurements taken in the international arena regarding protectionism and suficiently of the measurements will be assessed.

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Karatalov, Omurbek. "Open Economy and Economic Integration within the Framework of Eurasia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00633.

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The Kyrgyz Republic economy openness is studied within the framework of the Eurasia. Insufficient level of the financial and economic standing of Kyrgyzstan is clarified. Reasons for Governmental regulating use in the area of monetary, tax and budget policy in USA have been set up. Conditions of the development of industrial countries economy are under consideration. The necessity of financialisation of all capital of country is defined. Kyrgyzstan public budget’s permanent deficiency formation reasons are studied. A necessity of integration economic relations development within the framework of Eurasia is offered. A necessity of sustainable economic relations establishment as well as finding solution for external debt between Kyrgyzstan and Russia have been justified. It is recommended to strengthen effective fight against a scale corruption, «shadow» economy and criminalization of economy and finances. The increase of efficiency and responsibility of top managers of the public administration level have been offered. The necessity of the independent mastering of own gold-mining fields is justified. The need to attract the foreign direct investments to the area of mining and processing industry have been offered. Within the framework of acceleration of economic integration. Needs for the development of exploring and processing of hydrocarbons as well as building of large economic entities especially the hydroelectric power stations, namely Kambar-Ata-1 Hydro-Power Plants have been suggested. By this it is also suggested to Russia to develop this as strategic partner of Kyrgyzstan. Creation of integral customs system and energy cooperation suggested. It should be supported by establishment of unique equivalent among Eurasia states. By this it is to be possible to find acceptable solutions in finance and economy and to form a united economic cooperation considering a sovereignty of each state. It is necessary to develop the identical financial reporting of point-of-sale and payment balances, balance of international investments, compliable national republics and on the whole on Eurasia. To walk away from the calculation and actual use of dollar of the USA in finance and economic operations. Based on econometric prognosis of gross internal product and the public budget of Kyrgyzstan is made calculating on the per to 2025 year.

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Schwarz, Stephen C., and Daniel E. Dietch. "Collier County, Florida: Consideration of Gasification as a Long-Term Waste Management Solution." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1681.

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Collier County, Florida (“County”) is in the midst of developing an integrated waste management program. Unlike many counties, Collier County owns a landfill with sufficient long-term landfill capacity to last another 15 years. However, due to the Board of County Commissioner’s (“Board”) desire to have a 50-year solution for solid waste, the County has set upon a course to divert waste from the landfill to the maximum extent possible. In doing so, the County solicited long-term waste management solutions from private companies capable of processing the majority of the municipal solid waste generated in the County. Over the past two years, the County has considered several of these alternatives ranging from MSW composting to mass-burn waste-to-energy; however, based on an evaluation of a wide range of impacts, gasification was selected as the preferred alternative. With this focus, the County issued a Request for Proposal (“RFP”) in November 2001 for a design, build, own, operate, and finance gasification project. The County received three proposals in April 2002 in response to the RFP. To date, the County has completed the proposal evaluation process and has ranked the top two responsive firms: Interstate Waste Technologies (“IWT”) and Brightstar Environmental (Florida), LLC (“Brightstar”) based on experience, technical approach, business arrangement, and cost. If implemented, this project will be the only commercial gasification project operating in the United States. This paper will provide insight into various stages of the project, from development through to the current status of the project, as well as the strategic policy, financial, and technical considerations that make this opportunity a good fit for the County. An emphasis will also be placed on comparing and contrasting the benefits and drawbacks of each technology, such as processing methodology, cost, redundancy, and scalability.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Finance, United States, 1923"

Taylor, Alan, and Janine L. Wilson. International Trade and Finance under the Two Hegemons: Complementaries in the United Kingdom 1870-1913 and the United States 1920-30. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12543.

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Schwabe, Paul D., David J. Feldman, Donald E. Settle, and Jason Fields. Wind Energy Finance in the United States: Current Practice and Opportunities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1374963.

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Bodenhorn, Howard. Two Centuries of Finance and Growth in the United States, 1790-1980. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22652.

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Feldman, David J., and Paul D. Schwabe. Terms, Trends, and Insights on PV Project Finance in the United States, 2018. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1476711.

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Calomiris, Charles. Corporate-Finance Benefits from Universal Banking: Germany and the United States, 1870-1914. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4408.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Organization and Functions: Office of the Assistant Comptroller of the Army for Finance and Accounting/United States Army Finance and Accounting Center. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401936.

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Mosqueira, Edgardo, Francisco Gaetani, and Mariano Lafuente. Brazil: Ministry of the Economy: Analysis of Key Functions and their Operational Macroprocesses: Benchmarking Operational Macroprocesses with Experiences from Canada, France, Peru, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004294.

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This technical note benchmarks Brazils Ministry of the Economy (ME) value chains and macroprocesses against relevant management models and practices used by ministries of finance, economy, or equivalent in selected Latin American and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This analysis, undertaken in the context of the creation of the ME by merging five former ministries, was intended to help identify gaps in current practices and propose recommendations for enhancing specific macroprocesses in Brazil. A team, including former ministers of finance and experts from these selected countries, participated in the technical analysis and discussions together with specialists from the Inter-American Development Bank. The findings show: (i) positive initial results after the merge in terms of policy coordination, coherence, and efficiency; (ii) recent policy reforms in line with OECD practices, some of which have just started to be implemented; and (iii) opportunities to continue enhancing management practices in selected macroprocesses.

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Quak, Evert-jan. The Trend Of “De-Risking” In International Finance and Its Impact on Small Island Developing States. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.079.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources, knowledge institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and trusted independent media outlets on the challenges small island development states (SIDS) face when they lose correspondent banking relationships (CBRs). The rapid review concludes that, although the loss of CBRs is a global phenomenon, regions with SIDS, such as the Pacific and Caribbean, have seen the highest rates of withdrawals. During the last decade, local and regional banks in SIDS have lost and continue to lose bank accounts at large global banks to a critical level, sometimes having only one or none CBRs with banks in major economies, such as the Unites States, the United Kingdom, the European Union or Australia. This means that local banks have reduced access to financial services related to cross-border financial transactions, impacting on remittances and trade finance.

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Lalisse, Matthias. Measuring the Impact of Campaign Finance on Congressional Voting: A Machine Learning Approach. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp178.

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How much does money drive legislative outcomes in the United States? In this article, we use aggregated campaign finance data as well as a Transformer based text embedding model to predict roll call votes for legislation in the US Congress with more than 90% accuracy. In a series of model comparisons in which the input feature sets are varied, we investigate the extent to which campaign finance is predictive of voting behavior in comparison with variables like partisan affiliation. We find that the financial interests backing a legislator’s campaigns are independently predictive in both chambers of Congress, but also uncover a sizable asymmetry between the Senate and the House of Representatives. These findings are cross-referenced with a Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA) linking legislators’ financial and voting records, in which we show that “legislators who vote together get paid together”, again discovering an asymmetry between the House and the Senate in the additional predictive power of campaign finance once party is accounted for. We suggest an explanation of these facts in terms of Thomas Ferguson’s Investment Theory of Party Competition: due to a number of structural differences between the House and Senate, but chiefly the lower amortized cost of obtaining individuated influence with Senators, political investors prefer operating on the House using the party as a proxy.

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Freeman, Paul, and Leslie A. Martin. National Systems and Institutional Mechanisms for the Comprehensive Management of Disaster Risk. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006758.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Natural Disaster Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the 1st Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on November 15th and 16th, 2001. This presentation discusses the role of National Disaster Systems and country experiences in the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Colombia and Nicaragua. Different national disaster strategies and successful national systems are detailed along with the role of finance ministries and financial resources.

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