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Статті в журналах з теми "Film distribution in Sweden"
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Stjernholm, Emil. "GDR Cinema on Swedish Television." VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 10, no. 19 (June 24, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/view.259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article studies the import of East German films by Swedish public service broadcaster Sveriges Radio, and their reception in the Swedish public sphere. While few GDR films reached theatrical distribution, Swedish television imported and broadcasted over 30 productions by the state-owned film studio DEFA during the 1970s and 1980s, making this the primary distribution window for East German film in Sweden. Relying on sources such as Sveriges Radio’s in-house correspondence and screening reports, the weekly Sveriges Radio magazine Voices in Radio/Television (Röster i Radio/TV) and the public service corporation’s annual reports, this study sheds light on the political, economic and ideological considerations involved in the cultural exchange between Sweden and the GDR.
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Smith, Adrian. "The Language of Love: Swedish Sex Education in 1970s London." Film Studies 18, no. 1 (2018): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.18.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1974 the British Board of Film Censors refused to grant a certificate to the Swedish documentary More About the Language of Love (Mera ur Kärlekens språk, 1970, Torgny Wickman, Sweden: Swedish Film Production), due to its explicit sexual content. Nevertheless, the Greater London Council granted the film an ‘X’ certificate so that it could be shown legally in cinemas throughout the capital. This article details the trial against the cinema manager and owners, after the film was seized by police under the charge of obscenity, and explores the impact on British arguments around film censorship, revealing a range of attitudes towards sex and pornography. Drawing on archival records of the trial, the widespread press coverage as well as participants’ subsequent reflections, the article builds upon Elisabet Björklund’s work on Swedish sex education films and Eric Schaefer’s scholarship on Sweden’s ‘sexy nation’ reputation to argue that the Swedish films’ transnational distribution complicated tensions between educational and exploitative intentions in a particularly British culture war over censorship.
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Björk, Ulf Jonas. "Tricky Film: The Critical and Legal Reception of I Am Curious (Yellow) in America." American Studies in Scandinavia 44, no. 2 (September 1, 2012): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v44i2.4919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the reception of the Swedish film I am Curious (Yellow) in America. As a mixture of political satire and a chronicle of a sexual affair, with fictional and documentary material, the film was referred to by a U.S. government official as “the most explicit movie ever imported” when it arrived in America in 1968 and was released only after a federal appeals court reversed a lower-court verdict that had found it legally obscene. Although cleared for importation, I am Curious (Yellow) continued to be dogged by whether its sex scenes violated local and state obscenity laws. While the legal actions at times impeded distribution of the film, they also generated publicity for it, eventually making it one of the most profitable foreign-language films in U.S. motionpicture history. This paper discusses several court cases where the film’s social value—or lack thereof—was the factor deciding whether it could be shown, and it also looks at critical reaction to the film. Noting that all popular-culture products are products of the societies they spring from, the paper also looks at how the film was received in Sweden.
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Marklund, Anders. "Skandinaviska Filmer i Världen." Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10252-012-0008-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT This article analyses three recent and very successful Scandinavian films - Niels Arden Oplev’s Män som hatar kvinnor/TheGirl with the Dragon Tatoo (Sweden), Susanne Bier’s Hævnen/In aBetter World (Denmark) and Sara Johnsen’s Upperdog (Norway) - in order to understand how the relationship between the national and the international is articulated. Focus is on the scenes taking place abroad and on the functions that these scenes fill within the films’ overall story and thematic concerns. One conclusion is that scenes set abroad allow the films to divert attention away from otherwise harsh representations of national communities. A brief concluding discussion suggests that such a use of the scenes may facilitate the films’ transnational distribution.
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Thomson, C. Claire. "Screening the population: Public information films in Scandinavian tuberculosis campaigns around 1950." Journal of Scandinavian Cinema 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jsca.9.1.59_1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of film in anti-tuberculosis campaigns dates back to at least the 1910s in Scandinavia and elsewhere. However, in the immediate wake of World War II, developments in mass public health screening necessitated a new wave of informational films that explained x-rays, Mantoux tests and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination to the public. This article examines three such cases: first, Alle i fare! (All Endangered!) (Falk, Norway, 1948); second, a suite of films made in 1948 by Danish filmmaker Hagen Hasselbach for UNICEF for educational and fundraising purposes; and third, Medan det ännu är tid (‘While there’s still time’) (Martin Söderhjelm, Sweden, 1952). The films are contextualized within the broader history of anti-tuberculosis films and campaigns, as well as the circumstances of their commissioning and distribution. The article identifies a range of narrative and visual strategies that construct a new kind of national and global citizen whose body is made available and visible to public authorities for the collective good. In particular, it is argued that the (re)mediation of new mass screening technologies such as x-rays, skin tests and health data often make use of the properties of the projection screen, demonstrating the entanglement of medical and media technologies.
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Persson, E., M. Ljunggren, J. la Cour Jansen, R. Strube, and L. Jönsson. "Disc filtration for separation of flocs from a moving bed bio-film reactor." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 12 (June 1, 2006): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.416.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Discfilter with 10 and 18 μm filter openings, respectively, was placed in parallel to a flotation plant for separation of biological flocs from a post-denitrifying Kaldnes Moving Bed™ Process, the last treatment step at the municipal wastewater treatment plant at Sjölunda, Malmö, Sweden. The effluent concentrations from the 10 and 18 μm filter were 2–5 and 2–8 mg SS L−1, respectively, which is comparable to, or better than, the flotation plant. Comparison with experiences from activated sludge plants shows that the Discfilter works especially well after the Kaldnes process. Particle size distribution (PSD) studies show that particles larger than the filter openings of 10 and 18 μm are separated with approximately 90% efficiency, whereas most of the smaller particles pass the filter. This fact indicates that the major particle separation mechanism is physical blocking. These findings point to the possibility of improving the prediction of the separation efficiency by combining measurements of turbidity and suspended solids with particle size analysis.
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Kalamara, A., R. Vlastou, M. Kokkoris, A. Stamatopoulos, E. Passoth, A. Mattera, M. Lantz, V. Rakopoulos, A. Prokopiev, and M. Majerle. "197Au(n,xn) reactions at The Svedberg Laboratory high-energy neutron facility in Uppsal." HNPS Proceedings 24 (April 1, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1858.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cross section measurements for the197Au(n,xn) reactions have been performed at The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) high-energy neutron facility in Uppsala,Sweden. The 45.6 and 58.3 MeVquasi-monoenergetic neutron beams were produced by means of the 7Li(p,n) reaction and were monitored with thin-film breakdown counters (TFBCs). After the end of the irradiations, the activity induced by the neutron beams in the targets and in reference foils, has been measured by a HPGe detector. In order to determine the cross sections of the (n,xn) reactions, the spectral neutron flux distribution is needed, thus the characterization of the beam is of major importance. Therefore, simulations that take into account the whole experimental setup of the irradiation have been performed with the use of MCNP5 code and the results are presented in this work. Currently, further analysis of the data is in progress.
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Mussabek, Dauren, Anna Söderman, Tomomi Imura, Kenneth M. Persson, Kei Nakagawa, Lutz Ahrens, and Ronny Berndtsson. "PFAS in the Drinking Water Source: Analysis of the Contamination Levels, Origin and Emission Rates." Water 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Groundwater contamination caused by the use of the aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated in southern Sweden. ΣPFAS concentrations in groundwater ranged between 20 and 20,000 ng L−1; PFAS composition was primarily represented by PFOS and PFHxS. The PFAS chain length was suggested to have an impact on the contaminant distribution and transport in the groundwater. PFAS profiling showed that the use of PFSAs- and PFCAs/FTSAs-based PFAS-AFFF can be a contributor to PFAS contamination of the drinking water source (groundwater). PFAS emission was connected to PFAS-AFFF use during the fire-training and fire-fighting equipment tests at the studied location. PFAS emission per individual fire training was (semi-quantitatively) estimated as [1.4 < 11.5 ± 5.7 < 43.7 kg] (n = 20,000). The annual emission estimates varied as [11 < 401 ± 233 < 1125 kg yr−1] (n = 1005) considering possible [2 < 35 ± 20 < 96] individual fire-training sessions per year.
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Weidner, Thomas, Gerd Geyer, Jan Ove R. Ebbestad, and Volker von Seckendorff. "Glacial erratic boulders from Jutland, Denmark, feature an uppermost lower Cambrian fauna of the Lingulid Sandstone Member of Västergötland, Sweden." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 63 (December 4, 2015): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2015-63-06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reinvestigation of glacial erratic boulders from Jutland, Denmark, and from northern Germany, has revealed a moderately diverse fauna with the trilobites Holmiella? sp., Epichalnipsus anartanus, Epichalnipsus sp. A, Epichalnipsus sp. B, and Berabichia erratica, three species of lingulid brachiopods, one hyolith species, and trace fossils comparable to Halopoa imbricata. Comparison with faunas from the Cambrian of Scandinavia strongly suggested a biostratigraphic position equivalent to the uppermost part of the (revised) Holmia kjerulfi–‘Ornamentaspis’ linnarssoni to lowermost Comluella?–Ellipsocephalus lunatus zones sensu Nielsen & Schovsbo (2011), or the lower to middle part of the traditional ‘Ornamentaspis’ linnarssoni Zone, but probably a particular horizon and biofacies not yet discovered in Scandinavia. Considerations of glacial transport regimes and the distribution of comparable rock units, as well as a petrographical analysis of the material from the studied erratic boulders and rocks from outcrops in Sweden, indicate that the boulders were derived from the Lingulid Sandstone Member of the File Haidar Formation and the source area is situated in the vicinity of the present-day outcrops in the Halleberg–Hunneberg area, Västergötland, Sweden.
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Långmark, J., M. V. Storey, N. J. Ashbolt, and T. A. Stenström. "Biofilms in an urban water distribution system: measurement of biofilm biomass, pathogens and pathogen persistence within the Greater Stockholm area, Sweden." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 8 (October 1, 2005): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Distribution pipe biofilms can provide sites for the concentration of a wide range of microbial pathogens, thereby acting as a potential source of continual microbial exposure and furthermore can affect the aesthetic quality of water. In a joint project between Stockholm Water, the MISTRA “Sustainable Urban Water” program, the Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and the Royal Technical University, Stockholm, the aim of the current study was to investigate biofilms formed in an urban water distribution system, and quantify the impact of such biofilms on potential pathogen accumulation and persistence within the Greater Stockholm Area, Sweden. When used for primary disinfection, ultra-violet (UV) treatment had no measurable influence on biofilm formation within the distribution system when compared to conventional chlorination. Biofilms produced within a model pilot-plant were found to be representative to those that had formed within the larger municipal water distribution system, demonstrating the applicability of the novel pilot-plant for future studies. Polystyrene microspheres (1.0μm) and Salmonella bacteriophages demonstrated their ability to accumulate and persist within the model pilot-plant system, where the means of primary disinfection (UV-treatment, chlorination) had no influence on such phenomena. With the exception of aeromonads, potential pathogens and faecal indicators could not be detected within biofilms from the Stockholm water distribution system. Results from this investigation may provide information for water treatment and distribution management strategies, and fill key data gaps that presently hinder the refinement of microbial risk models.
Дисертації з теми "Film distribution in Sweden"
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Berger, Bjursell Aurore. "De toute façon il est sacrément mort. Le cinéma suédois à l'ère numérique : mutations ontologiques et impacts culturels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025SORUL009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse explore les changements esthétiques et culturels résultant de la numérisation du secteur cinématographique suédois. En « pensant avec le post-cinéma suédois », la recherche s'appuie sur trois axes méthodologiques: une analyse des changements ontologiques du cinéma suédois à l'ère numérique, des entretiens postqualitatifs avec les acteurs de l'industrie et une étude documentaire sur les transformations du secteur. La thèse se divise en trois chapitres, abordant la production (2000-2008), la dissémination (2009-2017) et leurs conséquences (2018-2023) sur le cinéma et l'imaginaire suédois. Elle met en évidence la dissolution du cinéma suédois, antérieure à l'épisode viral de la covid-19. Cette recherche suggère que le cinéma suédois pourrait être revitalisé en tant que pratique culturelle grâce à une réforme de la politique culturelle. Elle encourage également davantage de recherches universitaires sur les effets de la numérisation sur les identités culturelles nationales et régionales, contribuant ainsi à réévaluer le rôle du cinéma et des images animées dans les représentations culturelles des petites nationsThis PhD thesis explores the aesthetic and cultural changes resulting from the digitisation of the Swedish film industry. By 'thinking with Swedish post-cinema', the research is based on three methodological axes: an analysis of the ontological changes in Swedish cinema in the digital era, post-qualitative interviews with industry players and a documentary study of the transformations in the sector. This thesis is divided into three chapters, dealing with production (2000-2008), dissemination (2009-2017) and their consequences (2018-2023) on Swedish cinema and imagination. This highlights the dissolution of Swedish cinema before the covid-19 health crisis. This research suggests that Swedish cinema could be revitalised as a cultural practice through cultural policy reforms. It also encourages more academic research into the effects of digitisation on national and regional identities, helping to reassess the role of films and moving images in the cultural representations of small nations
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Brännmar, Lotta, and Fredrik Hansson. "Svensk film genom fönster : Åsikter om villkoren för filmdistribution i Sverige från aktörer i branschen." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för ekonomi och it, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4478.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Svenska filmbranschen styrs av ett filmavtal mellan staten och olika aktörer i branschen. Detta avtal skall förnyas under år 2013. Staten har i en avsiktsförklaring för det nya avtalet uttryckt en vilja till en förändring kring villkoren för att få statligt stöd för filmproduktion i Sverige. En så kallad teknikneutralitet skall införas som innebär att filmproduktioner inte längre på förhand behöver ha säkrat en biografdistribution för att få statligt ekonomiskt stöd. Detta skulle kunna innebära en förändring för den svenska filmens distribution i Sverige som i nuläget består av tämligen fast ordning på visningsfönster, där just biografdistributionen har en särställning. Vår forskning behandlar svenska filmproducenters, distributörers och biografägares tankar och åsikter kring distribution av svensk långfilm i Sverige. Kvalitativa intervjuer gjordes med representanter från dessa aktörer för att få en övergripande bild av situationen idag samt eventuella möjligheter som framtiden bär med sig. Uppsatsen tar exempelvis upp biografens betydande ställning, Video on demands framfart, och producenter och distributörers önskningar om en större flexibilitet kring distributionen av film. Möjligheten att kunna skapa skräddarsydd distribution för varje enskild film och fönstersystemets påverkan på filmens aktualitet.The swedish film industry is regulated by a film contract between the state and representatives of the industry. This contract shall be renewed during 2013. The swedish state has in a declaration of intention expressed a wish of changes about the conditions to acquire financial support from the state for film production in Sweden. A so-called technology neutrality shall be instated which means that film production no longer in forehand needs to have secured a cinema distribution deal to acquire financial support from the state. This could mean a change for distribution of swedish films in Sweden which now consist of a somewhat strict order of viewing windows. Our research addresses how swedish film producers, distributors and cinema owners think about the distribution of swedish feature films. Qualitative interviews were conducted with these professionals to get a conclusive picture of the situation in Sweden to date and what the future might bring. The essay deals with the cinema's importance, the growth of Video on demand, and producers and distributers wishes of a more flexible way for distribution of film. The possibility to be able to tailor the distribution for every individual film and the window systems impact on the films up-to-dateness.
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Box, Marcus. "New Venture, Survival, Growth : Continuance, Termination and Growth of Business Firms and Business Populations in Sweden During the 20th Century." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis : Almqvist & Wiksell International [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-776.
Повний текст джерела
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Simonyan, Mesrop. "Rethinking Film Distribution." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2012. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/449.
Повний текст джерела
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Ahlm, Clas. "Distribution of puumala virus in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-140825.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Puumala virus, belonging to the genus hantavirus, is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a relatively mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Puumala virus occurs endemically in Central and Northern Europe and Western Russia. In Sweden, NE is reported from the northern and central parts but virtually not at all from the southern part of the country. The bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) is the main reservoir of Puumala virus and humans are infected by inhalation of aerosolized animal secreta. In northern Sweden, the density of the bank vole population varies cyclically in intervals of 3-4 years and the incidence of NE shows a covariation. The prevalence of serum antibodies to hantaviruses in northern Sweden was studied in a stratified and randomly selected adult population sample comprising 1538 subjects. As expected, the prevalence increased with age. There was no difference between men and women, which was unexpected based on a male:female ratio of > 2:1 in clinical reports. By use of an immunofiuorescent assay, a seroprevalence of 5.4% and by a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant Puumala virus nucleocapsid protein as antigen, a prevalence of 8.9% was recorded. This is about or more than ten times higher than what would be calculated from clinical reports. By use of the ELISA, an occupational risk of acquisition of Puumala virus infection was demonstrated. Serum samples from 910 farmers and 663 referent subjects living in various rural parts of Sweden were tested. Among farmers from the Puumala virus-endemic northern and central parts of the country, the seroprevalence (12.9%) was higher (p=0.01) than in referents (6.8%). In the southern part of Sweden, only 2/459 persons had antibodies. Only a limited number of children with NE had been previously reported. In a separate study, 32 children with Puumala virus infection were identified and the clinical picture of NE in children was found to be similar to that of adult cases. Variations in the prevalence of Puumala virus in the bank vole population within an endemic region are not well known. Here, a higher mean rodent density and a higher prevalence of Puumala virus-specific serum antibodies were recorded in the vicinity of households afflicted with NE than in rural control areas. The data indicated that the risk of exposure locally within an endemic region may vary widely and tentatively suggested that a threshold density of bank voles might be necessary to achieve before effective spread of Puumala virus within the rodent population may occur. There is no firm evidence of the occurrence of Puumala virus among wild living animals other than rodents. A study of Swedish moose, an animal which is ecologically well characterized, was performed. Convincing evidence of past Puumala virus infection was found in 5/260 moose originating from Puumala virus-endemic areas but in none of 167 animals from nonendemic areas. Based on the low seroprevalence recorded, moose seemed to serve as endstage hosts rather than being active parts of the enzootic circle of transmission. In conclusion, the present investigations confirmed that the exposure to Puumala virus is geographically well restricted in Sweden. Seroprevalence studies indicated that only a minor proportion of individuals infected with Puumala virus are clinically reported, with a bias in favour of men. NE was confirmed to occur in children, with a clinical picture similar to that of adults. An occupational risk was defined for acquisition of Puumala virus infection. Studies in rodents suggested that there may be wide local variations within a limited area in the risk of exposure to Puumala virus. The studies validated the usefulness of a newly developed ELISA based on recombinant nucleocapsid peptides of hantaviruses and finally, methodological progress was reached when Puumala virus was, for the first time, successfully isolated from a Scandinavian patient.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1998
digitalisering@umu
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Romfahthai, Sujinun, and Wichittra Phetpakdeechai. "“Potential Distribution Channel of Thai Seasoning Pastes in Sweden” : “Potential Distribution Channel of Thai Seasoning Pastes in Sweden”." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10295.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globo Foods Co., Ltd. has good opportunity to export five Thai seasoning paste products to Sweden (Västerås). By setting the price as low initial price, sell firstly at ICA Maxi Hälla and Coop Extra in Västerås, use attractive promotion and advertising for Swedish people. This result is from valid, reliable primary and secondary data in order to be guideline and useful information to Globo Foods Co., Ltd. and also can adapt to fit the result with Thai seasoning pastes from other companies or other kind of products to enter to Västerås,Sweden.
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Palme, Mårten. "Five empirical studies on income distribution in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Ekonomisk Statistik (ES), 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1776.
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Dutto, Davide, and Duyun Lei. "The distribution of Foreigners and Locals in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47249.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to find a relationship between the distribution of locals inside of Sweden and the municipalities’ relative concentration of foreigners. With the usage of data found in the website Statistics Sweden, we aim to investigate the existence of any relationship between the local population size of a municipality against the number of foreigners present in said municipalities, and see whether foreigners and immigrants are more concentrated in more populated municipalities rather than less populated ones. We aim to do this by utilizing multiple regression and dummy variables to identify whether there is a significant extra negative or positive effect on foreigners. The answer seems to be that foreigners are in fact more concentrated in more locally populated municipalities, rather than less populated ones
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Ve´lez-Serna, Mari´a Antonia. "Film distribution in Scotland before 1918." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3605/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis proposes an empirical approach to the history of film distribution and exhibition in Scotland before 1918. It deploys geo-database tools as a way to collect and analyse data from a range of archival and print sources, and to engage with historiographical questions about the emergence of cinema as an institution in a non-metropolitan context. The first part introduces the theoretical and methodological premises that underpin the project, situating it in relation to growing academic interest in early distribution and local film practices. A research method is outlined, involving the construction of a relational database documenting the places of film exhibition and the geographical variation in programming practices. This database, working alongside more detailed archival case studies, constitutes the foundation for broader discussions about the commercial, social and ideological roles of film and cinema. The analytical framework incorporates notions such as the commodity nature of film and the tension between different conceptions of the social role and position of cinema within Scottish communities. The emergence of institutional practices and structures in Scotland is thus described as occurring in a complex field of forces where two main polarities appear as prominent: Firstly, a tension between decentralised, local practices and the increasingly globalised operations of the film industry; and secondly, a shifting balance between regularisation and distinction, or the ordinary and the extraordinary. It is in terms of this fluid equilibrium that two overlapping moments in the history of the early Scottish film trade are described in the second and third parts of the thesis. Part II follows the creation and expansion of the Scottish market and popular demand for moving pictures, showing how different forms of film supply enabled the coexistence of various types of itinerant exhibition, and then of a gradual transition to fixed-site shows. It starts by exploring the continuities between film exhibition and existing cultural forms such as lantern lecturing and the music hall. It highlights the significant level of agency exercised by local exhibitors and renters within an open-market model that allowed the outright sale of films, and which also established a commercial interdependency between city-centre and peripheral exhibition. Part III argues that, once the market reached a relatively stable state with the regularisation of supply and the growing standardisation of the film product, the increasing concentration of capital and power in larger companies (both in the regional and the global scale) marked a shift in the balance of forces, away from unrestricted circulation and towards exclusivity. This is seen as a reformulation of the commodity status of film, associated with the emergence of feature programming. The consequences of the new textual and industrial trends for the Scottish distributors and exhibitors are considered, revealing geographical variation in their adoption, as well as incipient forms of resistance to the emerging institutional practices.
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Alm, Micael. "Probability Modelling of Alpine Permafrost Distribution in Tarfala Valley, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323971.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Datainsamling har genomförts i Tarfaladalen under 5 dagar vid månadsskiftet mellan mars och april 2017. Insamlingen resulterade i 36 BTS-mätningar (Bottom Temperature of Snow cover) som därefter har använts tillsammans med data från tidigare insamlingar, till att skapa en sammanställd modell över förekomsten av permafrost omkring Tarfala. En statistisk undersökning syftade till att identifiera meningsfulla parametrar som permafrost beror av, genom att testa de oberoende variablerna mot BTS i en stegvis regression. De oberoende faktorerna höjd över havet, aspekt, solinstrålning, vinkel och gradient hos sluttningar producerades för varje undersökt BTS-punkt i ett geografiskt informationssystem. Den stegvisa regressionen valde enbart höjden som signifikant variabel, höjden användes i en logistisk regression för att modellera permafrostens utbredning. Den slutliga modellen visade att permafrostens sannolikhet ökar med höjden. För att skilja mellan kontinuerlig, diskontinuerlig och sporadisk permafrost delades modellen in i tre zoner med olika sannolikhetsspann. Den kontinuerliga permafrosten är högst belägen och därav den zon där sannolikheten för permafrost är störst, denna zon gränsar till den diskontinuerliga permafrosten vid en höjd på 1523 m. Den diskontinuerliga permafrosten har en sannolikhet mellan 50–80 % och dess undre gräns på 1108 m.ö.h. separerar den diskontinuerliga zonen från den sporadiska permafrostenA field data collection has been carried out in Tarfala valley at the turn of March to April 2017. The collection resulted in 36 BTS-measurements (Bottom Temperature of Snow cover) that has been used in combination with data from earlier surveys, to create a model of the occurrence of permafrost around Tarfala. To identify meaningful parameters that permafrost relies on, independent variables were tested against BTS in a stepwise regression. The independent variables elevation, aspect, solar radiation, slope angle and curvature were produced for each investigated BTS-point in a geographic information system. The stepwise regression selected elevation as the only significant variable, elevation was applied to a logistic regression to model the permafrost occurrence. The final model showed that the probability of permafrost increases with height. To distinguish between continuous, discontinuous and sporadic permafrost, the model was divided into three zones with intervals of probability. The continuous permafrost is the highest located zone and therefore has the highest likelihood, this zone delimits the discontinuous permafrost at 1523 m a.s.l. The discontinuous permafrost has probabilities between 50-80 % and its lower limit at 1108 m a.s.l. separates the discontinuous zone from the sporadic permafrost.
Книги з теми "Film distribution in Sweden"
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Norlin, Margareta. Children's film in Sweden. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Institute, 1990.
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Björkegren, Dag. Filmens företag. Stockholm: Nerenius & Santérus, 1994.
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Jenny, Holland, Harris Jane, and Circles, eds. Women's film & video distribution catalogue. London: Circles, 1987.
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4
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Competition policy and film distribution. Paris: OECD, 1996.
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Crisp, Virginia. Film Distribution in the Digital Age. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137406613.
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Bager-Sjögren, Lars. The distribution of wealth in Sweden, 1984-1986. [Göteborg, Sweden]: Gothenburg University School of Economics and Legal Science, 1991.
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Anders, Björklund. Unemployment and income distribution: Time-series evidence from Sweden. Stockholm: Industriens Utredningsinstitut, 1991.
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Krosnick, Howard. Distribution of artist-driven film and video. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Canada Council for the Arts, 2004.
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9
Fransson, Sven. Bryophyte vegetation on cliffs and screes in western Värmland, Sweden. Uppsala: Svenska växtgeografiska sällskapet, 2003.
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1957-, Kessler Frank, and Verhoeff Nanna, eds. Networks of entertainment: Early film distribution 1895-1915. Eastleigh: J. Libbey Pub., 2007.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Film distribution in Sweden"
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Andersson, Helene. "Sweden." In Liability for Antitrust Law Infringements & Protection of IP Rights in Distribution, 239–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17550-4_10.
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Spjuth, Johanna, and Martin Zeitlin. "Sweden." In Liability for Antitrust Law Infringements & Protection of IP Rights in Distribution, 527–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17550-4_24.
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Lim, Michael Kho. "Film Distribution in Film Studies." In Philippine Cinema and the Cultural Economy of Distribution, 9–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03608-9_2.
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Crisp, Virginia. "Formal Film Distribution." In Film Distribution in the Digital Age, 16–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137406613_2.
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Greenwald, Stephen R., Paula Landry, Michael Kalb, and Robert Garson. "Movie Distribution." In The Business of Film, 177–218. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003217480-6.
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Lacey, Nick. "Exhibition and Distribution." In Introduction to Film, 144–65. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-46386-9_4.
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Predöhl, W., and Bernd Schroeter. "Die Control System of Film Thickness Distribution." In Film Processing, 58–72. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446401792.004.
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Southern, Alex. "Evaluation and Distribution." In The Ministry of Education Film Experiment, 159–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59230-9_7.
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Rea, Peter W., and David K. Irving. "Distribution/Exhibition." In Producing and Directing the Short Film and Video, 349–65. 5th ed. New York: Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315849065-19.
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Rea, Peter W., and David K. Irving. "Distribution/Exhibition." In Producing and Directing the Short Film and Video, 249–61. 6th ed. New York: Focal Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003019985-20.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Film distribution in Sweden"
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Yi, Chengqian, Bo Zhang, Chaoran Li, and Yufan Yao. "Charge-discharge current distribution among elements in metallized film capacitors used for MMC." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Applications (ICHVE), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve61955.2024.10676226.
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Karunarathne, Sumudu, Kristoffer Eikeseth, and Lars Erik. "Hydrodynamic study of a CO2 desorption column using computational fluid dynamics." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200030.
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Desorption of CO2 from the rich amine solvent is one of the main operations in the amine-based CO2 capture process. Proper vapour and liquid flow through the packing materials would enhance the heat transfer that is needed for stripping CO2 from solvent. This is achieved by increasing the surface area of the flowing solvent by using the packing material. In this study, the created CFD (Computational Fluid dynamics) model in OpenFOAMTM was able to simulate the factors influencing TCM (Technology Centre Mongstad) desorption performance, including liquid distribution, wettability and film thickness within the packing material. Three scenarios were considered including a base case for a better understanding of the hydrodynamics in the desorption column. Two of these are to compare the influence of mass flow rates, while one is used to investigating potential improvement. Simulation revealed that introducing a deflector plate and CO2 bypass tube has a positive hydrodynamic effect in the desorption column.
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Bobadilla Robles, H., A. Emanuelsson, A. Aden, and C. J. Wallnerström. "Monitoring voltage quality in Sweden." In 27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2023.0676.
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Li, Songyan, Rui Han, Qun Wang, and Xuemei Wei. "Visual Flooding Experiment of Hot Water, Steam and Solvent Under SAGD and VAPEX Conditions." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62548.
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Abstract Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an important method of heavy oil production, and the solvent vapor extraction (VAPEX) process is also an economically feasible, technically reliable, and environmentally friendly in situ heavy oil recovery method. In this paper, a microscopic visual flooding device was used to conduct seven groups of visual flooding experiments, including hot water, steam, liquid solvent and vapor solvent, at different temperatures. It can be directly observed that the residual oil in the hot water swept area is generally distributed in “spots”, “strips” and “clusters” of varying sizes. The residual oil after steam flooding generally has a “cluster” distribution, the residual oil after liquid solvent flooding has a “film” distribution, and there is only a little “spot” residual oil distributed after solvent vapor flooding. Additionally, we found that the sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency of hot water, steam and solvent increase with increasing temperature, and the sweep efficiency of hot water is higher than that of steam and liquid solvent. Vapor solvent has the greatest recovery factor, reaching approximately 90%. The experimental results hint at the future development trend of solvent injection and support the foundation of more general applications pertaining to the sustainable production of unconventional petroleum resources.
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Pelece, Ilze, Imants Ziemelis, and Uldis Iljins. "Surface Temperature Distribution and Energy Gain from Semi-Spherical Solar Collector." In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110573913.
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Hakimi, S. M., and S. M. Moghaddas-Tafrshi. "Impact of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Tehran's Electricity Distribution Grid." In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110573589.
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Persson, Rebecca, Per Westerlund, Mahbubur Rahman, Milan Radosavljevic, and Stefan Stahl. "Distribution of the current from lightning in Sweden." In 2022 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility – EMC Europe. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emceurope51680.2022.9901039.
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Gomes, Alvaro, and Luis Pires. "Assessing the Impact of Micro Generation in Radial Low Voltage Distribution Networks Taking into Consideration the Uncertainty." In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110572961.
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Ackeby, S., L. Ohlsson, and N. Etherden. "Regulatory aspects of energy storage in Sweden." In 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.0822.
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Good, Ryan, and Billy Nollet. "Fluid Film Distribution Investigation for Liquid Film Cooling Application." In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4920.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Film distribution in Sweden"
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Baum, Christopher F., Andreas Stephan, and Klaus F. Zimmermann. Estimating the wage premia of refugee immigrants: Lessons from Sweden. Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik, Linnéuniversitetet, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/ns.wp.2024.03.
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This paper examines the wage earnings of fully-employed refugee immigrants in Sweden. Using administrative employer-employee data from 1990 and onwards, about 100,000 refugee immigrants who arrived between 1980 and 1996 and were granted asylum are compared to a matched sample of native-born workers. Employing recentered influence function (RIF) quantile regressions for the period 2011–2015 to wage earnings, the occupational task-based Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition approach shows that refugees perform better than natives at the median wage, controlling for individual and firm characteristics. This overperformance is due to female refugee immigrants, who have higher wages than comparable native-born female peers up to the 8th decile of the wage distribution. Refugee immigrant females perform better than native females across all occupational tasks studied, including non-routine cognitive tasks. A remarkable similarity exists in the relative wage distributions among various refugee groups, suggesting that cultural differences and the length of time spent in the host country do not significantly affect their labor market performance.
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Weldon, James. Modelling the risks of Nymphoides peltata spread in Swedish lakes. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.nmtj4tgmer.
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Species distribution modelling is a valuable tool for identifying areas most at risk of the spread of potentially harmful species. Here we model the environmental factors governing the distribution of a harmful species of concern that is currently found in Sweden at only a limited number of locations: the aquatic macrophyte N. peltata (sjögull). The most important factors determining risk of establishment are water chemistry (sufficient amounts of calcium is required), temperature (the species is partly limited by colder temperatures in Sweden) and connectivity to other water bodies. The results how that there are potentially a large number of lakes in mid to southern Sweden where N. peltata could establish populations, with undesirable consequences for biodiversity and recreation.
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Dabrovolskas, Audrius. In Search of Film Policy and Film Exhibition Model Based on Mission Economy: the Case of the Baltic Film Industries. Publishing House - Vilnius Business College, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57005/ab.2023.1.2.
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In Europe film industries are regulated through film policies at national and supra-national levels. The biggest attention is paid to film production and distribution, because they are considered as the most crucial sectors regarding financial investment. Film exhibition on the other hand is more about whole commercial life of a film and since theatrical admissions in European Union increased by 5.3 % (in 2019) before covid-19 pandemic it demonstrates that theatrical release is still among one of the most important release windows. Yet Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian film exhibition trends and their role for developing film policy were not examined. The qualitative and quantitative research methods applied: descriptive statistics and its analysis of secondary sources such as cinema attendance, the number of multiplexes and digital screens, premieres of national films and box-office and the analysis of film policy (regulatory) documents in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Economically film exhibition sector during covid-19 pandemic was heavily influenced and challenged by enormous decline in cinema attendance and the competition and rising role of audiovisual video-on-demand platforms. The article provides insights and findings based on the analysis of current role of film exhibition for the development of film policy and its possible model in the Baltic film industries.
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Larson, Niklas. Baltic International Acoustic Survey Report, R/V Svea, Sweden : survey 2022-10-02 - 2022-10-17. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.8iepsnfeb6.
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Internationally coordinated hydroacoustic surveys in the Baltic Sea have been operated by the Institute of Marine Research in Lysekil since 1978. The Baltic International Acoustic Survey (BIAS), is performed annually in October. The survey is mandatory for each EU member state around the Baltic Sea, and is regulated under the European Commission's Data Collection Framework (DCF). Sweden is responsible for collecting data from subdivision (SD) 27 as well as parts of SD 25, 26, 28, and 29. The purpose of the expedition is to assess the stock status of herring and sprat, and this is done by producing an index of abundance each year. The results are reported annually to the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) working groups Baltic International Fish Survey (WGBIFS) and the Baltic Fisheries Assessment (WGBFAS). The 2022 survey was carried out with R/V Svea and commenced with echo sounder calibration on October 2, in Gåsfjärden (57°34.5 N, 16°35.0 E), after which the vessel headed eastward to SD 27 where the data collection started. The survey finished on October 17, in Kalmar (56°40.0 N, 16° 21.0 E). Through the survey, acoustic raw data was continuously collected using a scientific echo sounder (EK80 38 kHz). Biological data was collected through pelagic trawling to obtain information on species composition and length distribution. Acoustic raw data were post-processed using the Large Scale Survey System (LSSS) software. The trawl catches are analyzed for species composition and length distribution, and the target species herring, sprat, and cod were also analyzed to determine the age structure of each stock. The information on species and lengths from the trawl catches was integrated with the acoustic data to calculate an index of abundance of the fish species. Guidelines and manuals are managed by WGBIFS and results from each country are compiled into a database. The results are used as an index of abundance by WGBFAS in the estimation of the total stock status of herring and sprat in the Baltic Sea. The results for BIAS were accepted by the WGBIFS and added to the index. Previous results and more information about BIAS and WGBIFS work can be found in the annual reports of the WGBIFS working group.
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Weldon, James, and Carlotta Meriggi. Modelling the risks of invasive aquatic species spread in Swedish lakes. Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.r68r25qcb1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Species distribution modelling is a valuable tool for identifying areas most at risk of the spread of invasive species. Here we model the environmental factors governing the distributions of two invasive species of concern that are currently found in Sweden at only a limited number of locations: the aquatic macrophyte Elodea nuttallii (Nuttall’s waterweed / smal vattenpest) and the bivalve Dreissena polymorpha (Zebra mussel / vandrarmussla). For E.nuttallii, the greatest risk factors are connectivity with other water bodies (facilitating dispersion), human population density and length of growing season. This implies that it is principally well-connected lakes in populated areas of southern Sweden that are most at risk of further spread (although other areas of concern are identified). For D.polymorpha, water alkalinity and the proportion of agricultural land (a source of nutrient pollution) are the most important factors, and the models identify lakes Vänern and Vättern, waters in parts of Östergötland, Jämtland and Gotland as key areas of concern for further spread.
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Mingot Soriano, Ana María, Ingmar Messing, and Jennie Barron. Soil Physical Laboratory Methods – Procedures used at the Soil Physics Laboratory 2000-2020. Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4evc6eokqn.
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This report presents the protocols and methods used 2000-2020 in the Soil Physics Laboratory at the Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. The aim is to provide a transparent description of procedures used and to provide links and references to quality assurance and standards. Brief theoretical background and concepts are included for the different methods and procedures. New analytical techniques, such as integral suspension pressure (Pario) and laser diffraction (Horiba) methods for particle size distribution and pF laboratory station (Ecotech) for water retention properties, have been tested since 2020, but are not included in this report. For these, see technical manuals and scientific reporting.
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Bartolino, Valerio, Birgit Koehler, and Lena Bergström, eds. Climate effects on fish in Sweden : Species-Climate Information Sheets for 32 key taxa in marine and coastal waters. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4lmlt1tq5j.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this publication is to summarize the state of knowledge on the effects of environmental variability and climate change for individual species and stocks based on literature review, giving species-climate information for 32 key taxa in Swedish marine and coastal waters. The report is written in English. The extent and scale of recent changes in climate due to global warming is unprecedented and causes increasing effects on ecosystems. In oceans, ongoing warming leads to, for example, increased water temperatures, decreased ice cover and effects on hydrology and water circulation patterns that can in turn influence salinity. The environmental alterations affect species distribution, biology, and hence also the delivery of marine ecosystem services and human well-being. The results of this review on the effects of environmental variability and climate change on marine taxa are presented as species-climate information sheets designed in a user-friendly format aimed to enhance accessibility for professionals spanning different fields and roles, including e.g. scientific experts, NGOs affiliates and managers. The species-climate information sheets presented here cover 32 key taxa selected among the economically and ecologically most important coastal and marine fish and crustacean species in Swedish waters. The species-wise evaluations show that climate change leads to a wide range of effects on fish, reflecting variations in their biology and physiological tolerances. The review also highlights important data and knowledge gaps for each species and life stage. Despite the high variability and prevailing uncertainties, some general patterns appeared. On a general level, most fish species in Swedish marine and coastal waters are not expected to benefit from climate change, and many risks are identified to their potential for recruitment, growth and development. Boreal, marine and cold-adapted species would be disadvantaged at Swedish latitudes. However, fish of freshwater origin adapted to warmer temperature regimes could benefit to some extent in the Baltic Sea under a warming climate. Freshwater fish could also be benefitted under further decreasing salinity in the surface water in the Baltic Sea. The resulting effects on species will not only depend on the physiological responses, but also on how the feeding conditions for fish, prey availability, the quality of essential fish habitats and many other factors will develop. A wide range of ecological factors decisive for the development of fish communities are also affected by climate change but have not been explored here, where we focused on the direct effects of warming. The sensitivity and resilience of the fish species to climate change will also depend on their present and future health and biological status. Populations exposed to prolonged and intense fishing exploitation, or affected by environmental deterioration will most likely have a lower capacity to cope with climate change effects over time. For both the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, it is important to ensure continued work to update and improve the species-climate information sheets as results from new research become available. It can also be expected that new important and relevant biological information and improved climate scenarios will emerge continuously. Continued work is therefore important to update and refine the species-climate information sheets, help filling in currently identified knowledge gaps, and extend to other species not included here. Moreover, there is need to integrate this type of species-level information into analyses of the effects of climate change at the level of communities and ecosystems to support timely mitigation and adaptation responses to the challenges of the climate change.
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van Gemert, Rob, Per Holliland, Konrad Karlsson, Niklas Sjöberg, and Torbjörn Säterberg. Assessment of the eel stock in Sweden, spring 2024 : fifth post-evaluation of the Swedish eel management. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4iseib7eup.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For decades, the population of the European eel has been in severe decline. In 2007, the European Union decided on a Regulation establishing measures for the recovery of the stock, which obliged Member States to implement a national Eel Management Plan by 2009. Sweden submitted its plan in 2008. According to the Regulation, Member States shall report regularly to the EU-Commission, on the implementation of their Eel Management Plans and the progress achieved in protection and restoration. The current report provides an assessment of the eel stock in Sweden as of spring 2024, intending to feed into the national reporting to the EU in August this year. This report updates and extends previous evaluation reports by Dekker (2012, 2015) and Dekker et al. (2018, 2021). In this report, the impacts on the stock - of fishing, restocking and mortality related to hydropower generation - are assessed. Other anthropogenic impacts (climate change, pollution, increased impacts of predators, spread of parasites, disruption of migration due to disorientation after transport, and so forth) probably have an impact on the stock too, but these factors are hardly quantifiable, and no management targets have been set. For that reason, and because most factors were not included in the EU Eel Regulation, these other factors are not included in this report. Our focus is on the quantification of silver eel biomass escaping from continental waters towards the ocean (current, current potential and pristine) and mortality risks endured by those eels during their whole lifetime. The assessment is broken down on a geographical basis, with different impacts dominating in different areas (west coast, inland waters, Baltic coast). In the last decade, a break in the downward trend in glass eel recruitment has been observed, with recruitment no longer declining consistently. Whether that relates to recent protective actions, or is due to other factors, is yet unclear. Nevertheless, recruitment levels remain at historically low levels. This report contributes to the required international assessment, but does not discuss the causing factors behind the recent recruitment trend and the overall status of the stock across Europe. For the different assessment areas, results summarise as follows: On the west coast, a commercial fyke net fishery on yellow eel was exploiting the stock, until this fishery was completely closed in spring 2012. A fishery-based assessment no longer being achievable, we present trends from research surveys (fyke nets). Insufficient information is currently available to assess the recovery of the stock in absolute terms. Obviously, current fishing mortality is zero (disregarding the currently unquantifiable effect of illegal fishing), but none of the other requested stock indicators (current, current potential and pristine biomass) can be presented. The formerly exploited size-classes of the stock show a recovery in abundance after the closure of the commercial fishery, and the smaller size classes show a break in their decline in line with the recent global trend of glass eel recruitment. In order to support the recovery of the stock, or to compensate for anthropogenic mortality in inland waters, young eel has been restocked on the Swedish west coast since 2010. Noting the quantity of restocking involved, the expected effect (ca. 50 t silver eel) is relatively small, and hard to verify – in comparison to the potential natural stock on the west coast (an order of 1000 t). However, for the currently depleted stock, the contribution will likely constitute a larger share of silver eel escapement. For inland waters, this report updates the 2021 assessment, with substantial changes in methodology being the use of a new natural recruitment model, and the full separation of Trap & Transport catches from the fisheries statistics. The assessment for the inland waters relies on a reconstruction of the stock from information on the youngest eels in our waters (natural recruits, assisted migration, restocking). Based on 78 years of data on natural recruitment into 22 rivers, a statistical model is applied which relates the number of immigrating young eel caught in traps to the location and size of each river, the distance from the trap to the river mouth, and the year in which those eels recruited to continental waters as a glass eel (year class). The further into the Baltic, the larger and less numerous recruits generally are. Distance upstream comes with less numerous recruits. Using the results from the above recruitment analysis, in combination with historical data on assisted migration (young eels transported upstream within a drainage area, across barriers) and restocking (young eels imported into a river system), we have a complete overview of how many young eels recruited to Swedish inland waters. From this, the production of fully grown silver eel is estimated for every lake and year separately, based on best estimates of growth and natural mortality rates. Subtracting the catch made by the fishery (as recorded) and down-sizing for the mortality incurred when passing hydropower stations (percentwise, as recorded or using a default percentage), an estimate of the biomass of silver eel escaping from each river towards the sea is derived. Results indicate, that since 1960, the production of silver eel in inland waters has declined from over 700 to below 300 tonnes per year (t/yr). The production of naturally recruited eels is still falling; following the increase in restocking since 2010, an increase in restocking-based production is expected to be starting right around now. Gradually, restocking has replaced natural recruitment (assisted and fully natural), now making up over 90 % of the inland stock. Fisheries have taken 20-30 % of the silver eel (since the mid-1980s), while the impact of hydropower has ranged from 25 % to 60 %, depending on the year. Escapement is estimated to have varied from 72 t in the late 1990s, to 175 t in the early 2000s. The biomass of current escapement (including eels of restocked origin) is approximately 15 % of the pristine level (incl. restocked), or almost 30 % of the current potential biomass (incl. restocked). This is below the 40 % biomass limit of the Eel Regulation, and anthropogenic mortality (70 % over the entire life span in continental waters) exceeds the limit implied in the Eel Regulation (60 % mortality, the complement of 40 % survival). Mortality being that high, Swedish inland waters currently do not contribute to the recovery of the stock. The temporal variation (in production, impacts and escapement) is partly the consequence of a differential spatial distribution of the restocking of eel over the years. The original natural (not assisted) recruits were far less impacted by hydropower, since they could not climb the hydropower dams when immigrating. Since 2010, inland restocking is increasingly concentrated to drainage areas falling to the Kattegat-Skagerrak, also including obstructed lakes (primarily Lake Vänern, and many smaller ones). Even though Trap & Transport of silver eel - from above barriers towards the sea - has contributed to reducing the hydropower impact, hydropower mortality remains the largest estimated contributor to silver eel mortality in inland waters. Without restocking, the biomass affected by fishery and/or hydropower would be only 5-10 % of the currently impacted biomass, but the stock abundance would reduce from 15 % to less than 3 % of the pristine biomass. In summary: the inland eel stock biomass is below the minimum target, anthropogenic impacts exceed the minimum limit that would allow recovery, and those impacts have been increasing. It is therefore recommended to reconsider the current action plans on inland waters, taking into account the results of the current, comprehensive assessment. For the Baltic coast, the 2021 assessment has been updated without major changes in methodology. Results indicate that the impact of the fishery continues to decline over the decades. The current impact of the Swedish silver eel fishery on the escapement of silver eel along the Baltic Sea coast is estimated at 0.3 %. However, this fishery is just one of the anthropogenic impacts (in other areas/countries) affecting the eel stock in the Baltic, including all types of impacts, on all life stages and all habitats anywhere in the Baltic. Integration with the assessments in other countries has not been achieved. Current estimates of the abundance of silver eel (biomass) indicates an order of several thousand tonnes, but those estimates are extremely uncertain, due to the low impact of the fishery (near-zero statistics). Moreover, these do not take into account the origin of those silver eels, from other countries. An integrated assessment for the whole Baltic will be required to ground-truth these estimates. This would also bring the eel assessments in line with the policy to regionalise stock assessments for other (commercial) fish species (see https://ec.europa.eu/oceans-and-fisheries/fisheries/rules/multiannual-plans_en). It is recommended to develop an integrated assessment for the entire Baltic Sea eel stock, and to coordinate protective measures with other range states.
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Axenrot, Thomas, Erik Degerman, and Anders Asp. Seasonal variation in thermal habitat volume for cold-water fish populations : implications for hydroacoustic survey design and stock assessment. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.5i05rb1iu1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For accurate stock assessment, survey design must consider fish behavior and ecology. Yearlings and older individuals of the commercially exploited cold-water species vendace (Coregonus albula) are found below the metalimnion through periods of thermal stratification. These stratification periods generally last for 3-4 months, from the middle of summer to early autumn. In lakes with heterogeneous distribution of depths, the habitat volume for vendace vary drastically within and across years, which affects the distribution and population densities. Variable thermal habitat volumes, with food and oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion through the period of stratification, may act as a population size-regulating factor. Using hydroacoustics in combination with trawl data and temperature profiles, we examined the distribution of vendace through annual periods of thermal stratification. We found that yearling and older vendace these periods were confined to cold-water habitat volumes representing less than 10 % of the total water volume of Lake Mälaren, the third largest lake in Sweden. By introducing stratification to the design of hydroacoustic surveys supported by midwater trawling, seasonal aggregations of fish in temporally restricted thermal habitat volumes can be used to lower survey effort and improve the precision in estimates of population size. Temporally restricted habitat volumes may induce risks for the populations to over-fishing and sensitivity to environmental changes that potentially may call for directed management.
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.